Chapter 5 Integumentary systemSudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of loosely packed connective tissue with numerous peg-like projections that provide a great deal of surface area connecting the dermis to the epidermis. Which of the statements below do NOT represent benefits provided by the papillary layer's anatomy?

The looseness allows for easy separation of the dead cell layer of epidermis to be shed.

A light skinned person who is very cold may have a pale appearance. Which of the following is the best explanation for why this might be so?

The person's blood vessels in the dermis have undergone vasoconstriction (narrowing).

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following would indicate a liver disease such as hepatitis resulting in elevated bilirubin?

The skin and sclera of the eyes appears to have an abnormal, yellowish tint.

Which of the following cells and their function are correctly matched?

dendritic cells - activate the immune system

Which type of skin cancer is the most dangerous because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy?

melanoma

Cells of the stratum spinosum have many interlocking desmosomes that will remain between the cells as they migrate to the stratum corneum. These cell junctions serve the body by _______

preventing mechanical stress or trauma from damaging the epidermis

Which layer of skin is LEAST protected by melanin?

stratum corneum

Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch? You Answered

tactile cells

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information, you would predict that the cut has penetrated to ________.

the stratum basale but not the dermal layers

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is _______

99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the skin?

Gives the body its overall shape, loss of this function can be seen with the drooping of skin with age.

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?

Glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces.

All of the following will help the skin to fight infection but one. Which of the following will have little effect on the skin's ability to fight infection?

Greater production of melanin.

The surge of sex hormones that accompanies puberty has a wide range of effects on the body. One of those effects is to enhance the activity of the sebaceous glands, increasing the production of sebum. Which of the following is the most likely to result from the increased sebaceous activity?

Increased oily appearance and more acne.

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?

It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback?

Release of chemical signals by keratinocytes that have been damaged by UV light that will increase the production of melanin.

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer.

Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.

The friction ridges seen in finger, palm and foot prints are different among various people but very similar between identical twins. This evidence suggests which of the following?

That friction ridges are genetically determined.

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn?

The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes ________.

accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer

The arrector pili muscle's predominate, useful function in humans is to ________.

assist in the release sebum from nearby sebaceous glands

A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?

basale

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated ________.

by hormones, especially androgens

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?

by using the "rule of nines"

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

eccrine and apocrine

Which layer of tissue is damaged in a first-degree burn?

epidermis

The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following EXCEPT ________

external root sheath

Eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because ________.

eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months

A surgeon opens her patient by cutting the integument parallel to the cleavage lines of the dermis (tension lines). This will result in ________. Correct Answer

faster healing of the skin and less scaring

A patient has skin that is slightly blue in color. A likely treatment for this person might be ________. Correct Answer

giving the patient supplemental oxygen by mask

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

in the axillary and anogenital area

What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?

nutrition and hormones

Which of the following glands secrete sebum, an oily like substance?

sebaceous glands

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood?

stratum basale

A light-skinned person may appear pink when they become over heated. The best explanation for this is ________.

the blood vessels of the dermis have undergone vasodilation, bringing a greater volume of blood to the skin

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________.

the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?

the reticular layer