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Management 300 Final Exam flash cards

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In the _____ stage of the managerial decision-making process, decision makers gather information that tells them how well the decision was implemented and whether it was effective in achieving its goals. a. evaluation and feedback b. development of alternatives c. diagnosis and analysis of causes d. selection of the desired alternative

In the context of Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory, which of the following needs focus on the development of human potential and the desire for increased competence? a. Growth needs b. Belongingness needs c. Safety needs d. Physiological needs

In the context of change implementation tactics, the coercion approach is used: a. in crisis situations when a rapid response is necessary. b. when users need to feel involved. c. when users have the power to resist. d. in situations where design requires information from others.

Which of the following is a characteristic of an organizational strategy map? a. It outlines an organization's operational goals. b. It shows how an organization's specific goals and plans are linked. c. It is a list of an organization's strategic plans. d. It relates an organization's mission statement with its tactical plans.

Which of the following is a dividend of workplace diversity? a. Adoption of a monoculture b. Increased understanding of the marketplace c. Increased ethnocentrism in the workplace d. Creation of homogeneous teams

Distributive negotiation is collaborative and typically leads to positive long-term relationships. True False

False

Division of work means that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager. True False

False

Executives use strategy maps to keep track of key performance metrics, such as percentage of customer service calls resolved within specified time periods. True False

False

Formal communication channels are the primary way information spreads and work gets accomplished in most organizations. True False

False

Leadership can replace management in an organization. True False

False

Making a choice is the biggest part of the decision-making process. True False

False

While working on building a high-performance work culture, the managers or cultural leaders of an organization must avoid overcommunicating the organizational norms and values to employees. True False

False

A functional structure can be thought of as departmentalization by organizational resources. True False

True

A toll-free confidential ethics hotline allows employees to report questionable behavior, as well as seek guidance concerning ethical dilemmas. True False

True

According to Sarah Thébaud, a professor at the University of California, women have less access to capital to start their own businesses because they have to work harder to convince others about their capabilities. True False

True

Corporate culture plays a key role in creating an organizational climate that enables learning and innovative responses to threats from the external environment. True False

True

Executives need to manage communications effectively so that the grapevine is not the only source of information in times of rapid change, uncertainty, or crisis. True False

True

In the context of Porter's five competitive forces, rivalry among competitors is influenced by potential new entrants, the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, the threat of substitutes, as well as by cost and product differentiation. True False

True

In the context of team characteristics, teams need to be large enough to incorporate the diverse skills needed to complete a task and small enough to permit members to feel an intimate part of the team. True False

True

Job design is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction. True False

True

Managing diversity means creating a climate in which the potential advantages of diversity for organizational performance are maximized, while the potential disadvantages are minimized. True False

True

Promoting cross-silo cooperation is a major part of coalitional management. True False

True

Jordan is a manager at a technology firm. When the top management makes decisions, Jordan explains it to his subordinates and gives them time to come up with questions. He clarifies their queries and helps them understand their tasks better. In the context of the different leader styles, Jordan uses the _____. a. delegating style b. participating style c. selling style d. telling style

A certain firm believes in providing its employees the best facilities. It decides to serve imported and expensive Colombian coffee and a variety of continental cuisines in its cafeteria. In this scenario, the firm's decisions and beliefs pertain to the domain of: a. free choice. b. codified law. c. ethical responsibility. d. compensatory justice.

A senior citizen possesses the qualifications and experience necessary for a position in a company and is interviewed by a panel of young managers. He loses the job opportunity to a younger, inexperienced candidate. This is due to: a. age discrimination. b. unconscious bias. c. the ethnorelative attitudes of the managers. d. the xenocentric attitudes of the managers.

Isabelle has a business of her own in Nevada and has entered an agreement with a firm in China to sell her company's products there. Which market entry strategy is Isabelle employing? a. Partnership b. Exporting c. Redistribution d. Offshoring

The tendency to view people who are different as being deficient is known as: a. ethnorelativism. b. prejudice. c. pluralism. d. exogamy.

Which of the following is a difference between Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and the ERG model? a. Unlike Maslow's theory, the ERG model suggests that individuals may move down as well as up the needs hierarchy, depending on their ability to satisfy needs. b. Unlike the ERG model, Maslow's theory proposes that movement up the hierarchy is more complex, reflecting a frustration-regression principle. c. Unlike the ERG model, Maslow's theory is less rigid in terms of the movement of individuals. d. Unlike Maslow's theory, the ERG model identifies five categories of needs.

Which of the following is a difference between a centralized communication network and a decentralized communication network? a. A decentralized network allows members to process information equally until all agree on a decision, whereas a centralized network limits the number of people involved in decision making. b. The decision-making process is fast in a decentralized network, whereas the decision-making process is slow in a centralized network. c. In a centralized network, there is free flow of information in all directions, whereas in a decentralized network, team members must communicate through one individual. d. A centralized network can be effective for small teams, whereas a decentralized network is best for large teams.

_____ are increasingly important for managers to demonstrate at all levels and in all types of organizations. a. Decisional skills b. Human skills c. Technical skills d. Conceptual skills

_____ is based on the relationship among an individual's effort, the individual's performance, and the desirability of outcomes associated with high performance. a. Social learning theory b. Expectancy theory c. Reinforcement theory d. Goal-setting theory

Law firms can be found in several places within a city. What is a distinct feature of this type of service provider? a. Their services vary by region. b. They have no direct competitors. c. Their output is intangible. d. They follow a centralized structure.

The term _____ refers to a combination of confidence, commitment, and motivation that a follower possesses. a. humility b. consideration c. willingness d. ability

Hilary was put on a new team by her manager. Ever since she shifted teams, Hilary has felt energized and motivated toward higher performance because her friends work on the same team. She and her friends work together to come up with creative ideas and solutions to problems. In the given scenario, Hilary's manager recognized that _____ was most likely to produce a positive work life change for Hilary. a. self-management b. peer pressure c. cross-functionality d. social facilitation

B Lab certification is mandatory for companies that wish to incorporate as benefit organizations. True False

False

Total quality management refers to using social media technologies for interacting with and facilitating communication and collaboration among employees, customers, and other stakeholders. True False

False

InterValley Inc. is undergoing major changes at its managerial level. It is also about to appoint a new CEO. Although this information is strictly confidential and has not yet been told to the employees, almost every employee in the company knows about it and is anticipating major changes in the firm in the near future. In this context, the employees at InterValley Inc. gained knowledge of the changes taking place in the company even before receiving any official message through _____. a. the grapevine b. upward communication c. social media d. the company newsletter

The CEO of a company has decided to increase collaboration among employees to increase efficiency and quality. Besides removing physical barriers between employees, which of the following will help the CEO in promoting employee coordination? a. Providing training to develop interaction and conflict resolution skills b. Laying emphasis on the goals of the separate departments c. Introducing rules regarding the time and place for interaction at the workplace d. Eliminating front-line and middle management positions to promote horizontal coordination

What type of standing plan specifies what an organization should do when one of its employees files a grievance? a. A procedure b. A rule c. A policy d. A project

Zeus Phones has launched a new cell phone model to keep up with the global "selfie" trend, which involves taking pictures of oneself. The phone has a 13 megapixel front camera with a wide angle lens to include the maximum number of faces. It also includes a timer and a beautification feature to enhance facial features. The selfie phone has now become the latest rage in the cell phone market and has won awards for its unique design. This scenario is illustrative of Zeus Phones's _____. a. core competency b. cost leadership c. synergy d. globalization

Entrepreneurs with _____ are motivated to excel and pick situations in which they are likely to succeed. a. an external locus of control b. a strong need to achieve c. low energy d. low self-esteem

In the context of the types of teams that organizations use, a _____ is composed of a manager and his or her subordinates in the formal chain of command. a. cross-functional team b. functional team c. self-managed team d. project team

Identify the type of organizational environment that comprises the current employees of a company. a. Task environment b. External environment c. Internal environment d. General environment

Joos-Up is an old food products company that produces fruit juices, jellies, jams, and other such products. It has recently decided to move into the electrical and power fixtures manufacturing sector. In the context of strategy formulation, which of the following does Joos-Up's move illustrate? a. Utilization management b. Harmonization c. Unrelated diversification d. Mixed model production

Which of the following management functions deals with monitoring employees' activities? a. Organizing b. Planning c. Controlling d. Leading

In the context of the variety of interview approaches, a _____ is one where the interviewer asks broad, open-ended questions and permits the applicant to talk freely, with minimal interruption. a. standardized interview b. controlled interview c. structured interview d. nondirective interview

A permanent team consists of employees from various functional departments who resolve mutual problems. True False

False

According to goal-setting theory, easy goals are more motivating than hard ones. True False

False

Companies in the U.S. prefer outsourcing to China because of its large English-speaking population, and because it is a source of technological and scientific brainpower. True False

False

Conflict does not occur within a healthy organization. True False

False

Executives acquire information about opportunities and threats to their organization from a variety of reports, including budgets, financial ratios, profit and loss statements, and surveys of employee attitudes and satisfaction. True False

False

The greatest disadvantages of women leaders stem largely from attitudes centered on ethnorelativism. True False

False

The innovation by acquisition strategy recognizes that the cutting edge of innovation often happens in well-established and traditional companies rather than in young, small, entrepreneurial companies. True False

False

When purchasing a franchise, the franchisee has the responsibility of managing the existing business and developing new products but without investing his or her money. True False

False

In the context of followership, the alienated follower is a passive, yet independent, critical thinker. True False

True

One result of globalization is that countries, businesses, and people become more interdependent. True False

True

The classical model of decision making is considered to be normative, which means that it defines how a decision maker should make decisions. True False

True

Alto Innovations creates custom software for organizations. The company's managers want to build a high-performance culture in their organization. They want their employees to focus on winning and be open to action and change. Which of the following strategies can the cultural leaders of Alto Innovations use to help change and shape the cultural norms in the company? a. They can ensure that work procedures and reward systems reinforce the cultural vision. b. They can pair employees to ensure a competitive-thinking process. c. They can add their own perspectives to fresh ideas brought in by employees. d. They can provide close supervision to ensure that all employees work toward company goals.

As a department manager, Aoki worked out a plan with her team and helped set goals for each of her employees to increase their productivity. However, each employee ended up with at least 15 goals. Which of the following criteria for effective goal setting did she violate? a. Goals should cover only the key result areas. b. Goals should have a defined time frame. c. Goals should be challenging but realistic. d. Goals should be specific and measurable.

As one of the top managers at DropLabs, Henry ensures that all his employees are given the right to speak freely with their managers and higher-ups to voice their concerns. He also ensures that employees are not monitored on days they are not at work. Henry believes that employees are most productive when they are allowed to choose the projects they want to work on, provided they have the skill set and the experience to perform the job. In the context of the various ethical decision-making approaches, Henry's beliefs and actions are consistent with those asserted by the: a. moral-rights approach. b. justice approach. c. utilitarian approach. d. practical approach.

Bart works at an accounting firm. He is not respected by his team members because he spends a lot of time on the Internet playing games. He does not participate in team activities or contribute to the team's work. His team members feel he is being unnecessarily rewarded for the hard work of others. In the context of the dilemmas of teamwork, Bart is a _____. a. free rider b. gatekeeper c. task specialist d. harmonizer

Benjamin, an Australian businessman, is assigned to represent his firm and manage a project in Japan. He has been learning about the Japanese culture, how his current environment will change, and the complexities associated with living in a new environment. He has recently returned to Australia from Japan where he met several new people whom he now considers friends. Benjamin is demonstrating the _____ dimensions of a global mind-set. a. cognitive and social b. psychological and social c. psychological and informational d. cognitive and psychological

Carter realized there were many restaurants in his area that did not offer delivery services to their customers. He, along with a friend, soon came up with a business plan to provide delivery services for those restaurants for a fee per order. He started a Web site through which people could place orders from the restaurant of their choice, and the food would be delivered to them. Which of the following types of business has Carter started? a. Online business b. Mobile application c. Franchising d. Sole proprietorship

Collin is the leader of a team that has resolved all its conflicts and has developed a sense of cohesion. The members have accepted each other and there is consensus over team members' roles. As the leader of a team that is yet to reach the problem-solving stage of team development, Collin should: a. emphasize unity within the team and help to clarify team norms and values. b. provide time for members to engage in informal social discussions. c. work through the uncertainties and conflicting perceptions about team tasks and goals. d. allow the formation of coalitions or subgroups based on common interests.

Constantine's Jewelry has hired a comparative shopper to visit other local jewelry stores to gain product pricing information. Which area of boundary spanning does Constantine's Jewelry use? a. Competitive intelligence b. Marketing tactics c. Sales mix analysis d. Consumer trend analysis

Elise, an introvert, joins Berries'n'Desserts, a frozen yogurt company, where staff members sing popular songs while making customers' treats. The majority of Elise's coworkers are extroverted, loud, and outgoing, whereas Elise is shy and reserved. Despite these differences, Elise's peers and supervisors appreciate Elise for her creativity and personality. Which of the following statements is true about the company for which Elise works? a. The company embraces the inclusive model of diversity. b. The company promotes an ethnocentric work environment. c. The company follows the traditional model of diversity. d. The company promotes a monoculture in the workplace.

Faith, the CEO of a startup organization, is extremely nurturing and gives her staff enough freedom so they can think creatively about problems and come up with innovative solutions. She is known to be a good listener; her subordinates are highly motivated to achieve organizational goals. Faith believes in collaborative work to get the best results. In the context of the different types of leadership, Faith is a(n) _____. a. interactive leader b. narcissistic leader c. servant leader d. autocratic leader

Flare, an electronics company, created a low-cost, handheld washer that could run on solar-powered battery. The product was also portable and could clean clothes with minimal water usage. This product was initially not seen as a threat by washing machine manufacturers, but it slowly attracted their customers and gained a dominant share in the market. As a result, the traditional washing machine manufacturing companies underwent huge losses and most of them went out of business. In this scenario, the handheld washer is an example of _____. a. disruptive innovation b. sustaining innovation c. evolutionary innovation d. incremental innovation

In spite of the numerous pizza outlets in Chicago, Pete's Fast Pizza has zoomed past its counterparts in terms of popularity and sales due to its practice of adding a complimentary calzone and drink to each of its orders. In the context of strategy formulation, which of the following does this unique practice by Pete's Fast Pizza illustrate? a. Value creation b. Cost leadership c. Glocalization d. Synergy

In the _____ of team development, individual personalities emerge and team members become more assertive in clarifying their roles and what is expected of them. a. storming stage b. forming stage c. performing stage d. norming stage

In the context of change implementation tactics, the participation approach: a. helps managers understand the differences in perceptions of change among employees. b. is used when the change involves new technical knowledge. c. involves advising resisters to accept the change or lose rewards or even their jobs. d. uses formal bargaining to win acceptance and approval of a desired change.

In the context of communication channels, which of the following statements is true of electronic communication? a. Managers use e-mail or text messaging to avoid the emotional discomfort of a real-time conversation. b. The use of e-mails to discuss disputes can lead to resolution rather than escalation of conflict. c. E-mail communication is the richest channel of communication because it permits direct experience and personal focus. d. Electronic communication is the best channel to convey difficult news, give advice, or express affection.

In the context of personal communication channels, which of the following statements is true of gossip that travels through the grapevine in an organization? a. Gossip has a negative connotation, but it may actually be good for the company. b. Gossip marginalizes employees and disables their voice within the organization. c. Information communicated through gossip moves slowly in the organization than through official channels. d. Gossip communicates information through a person-to-person communication network that is officially sanctioned by the organization. Feedb

In the context of the different legal structures of companies, a _____ is an artificial entity created by the state and existing apart from its owners. a. corporation b. partnership c. sole proprietorship d. collaboration

In the context of the external environment of an organization, the task environment: a. includes the sectors that conduct day-to-day transactions with the organization. b. is formed by the interaction among a community of organizations. c. is composed of current employees, management, and especially corporate culture. d. affects organizations indirectly and eventually.

In the context of the three stages of organization development (OD) for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change, which of the following occurs during the refreezing stage? a. The impact of new behaviors of individuals is evaluated and reinforced. b. The change agent implements a specific plan for training managers and employees. c. Individuals experiment with new behavior to be used in the workplace. d. Managers create the motivation for people to change their attitudes and behaviors.

In the context of the two-factor theory, which of the following is true of hygiene factors? a. They work only in the area of dissatisfaction. b. They include recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth. c. They make employees highly motivated to excel at their work. d. They focus only on high-level needs.

In the context of the types of employee training, which of the following is true of on-the-job training (OJT)? a. It is considered the fastest and most effective means of facilitating learning in the workplace when implemented well. b. It involves gaining expertise in an in-house education facility that offers broad-based learning opportunities for employees. c. It is the least used type of training due to its time-consuming nature. d. It means learning informally from others by using social media tools.

In which of the following ways do managers employ an empowering leadership style? a. By recognizing and providing learning opportunities as needed b. By keeping tabs on every detail of an employee's project c. By keeping the status quo in their current environment d. By monitoring employee work and behavior on a continuous basis

Jim is a single father. He decides to start a restaurant and borrows money from his parents, which he promises to pay back at a later date. He also takes out a Small Business Administration (SBA) loan to help set up and run his restaurant. In the context of the various ways of arranging finance for a business, which of the following financing options has Jim used? a. Debt financing b. Equity financing c. Angel financing d. Crowd investing

Kia has set a new operational goal for her work group to eliminate overtime. What operational plan should Kia implement to achieve this goal? a. She should discover daily and weekly scheduling roadblocks. b. She should document policies and procedures about overtime use. c. She should create a new process for authorizing vacation requests. d. She should ask for quality input about budget variances.

Marcia is the top leader of the matrix structure for an international company manufacturing environmental compliance equipment. Which action could she take to resolve conflicts between people in charge of product line goals and country goals? a. Meeting with matrix bosses and two-boss employees to work out differences b. Transferring employees who have conflicts to other departments c. Appointing a liaison in the human resources department to handle conflicts d. Letting conflicts be resolved by those concerned as it stimulates innovation on both sides of the matrix

Mira and Caroline started an organization to help communities that do not have a reliable source of electricity. They did this by designing and manufacturing solar powered lamps and selling them at an affordable price to those communities. They enrolled volunteers to help them travel to these communities and set up lamps in every household. In the context of the various types of organizations, Mira and Caroline own a(n) _____. a. social business b. nonprofit organization c. government-aided organization d. online business

One of the elements of workplace communication for managers to master is using: a. social media to improve internal and external communication. b. distributive negotiation for resolving interpersonal conflicts. c. positional negotiation for resolving relationship conflicts. d. Theory X management style for communication with employees. Feedback

Onyx Stores has a chain of supermarkets in over 40 cities in the U.S. The individual supermarkets generate enough revenue for the organization to open another 20 supermarkets at other locations in some of the cities. In the context of the matrix developed by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG matrix), Onyx Stores can be classified as a _____. a. star b. cash cow c. dog d. question mark

Rosa was promoted to a management position from her specialist role. During her previous role, she gained firsthand experience of the pros and cons of division of labor. Which action could Rosa take as a manager to overcome the biggest disadvantage of specialization for those reporting to her? a. Implement teams to provide greater challenges for employees b. Remove physical barriers between her subordinates c. Promote well-performing specialists to managerial positions d. Recognize and reward the contributions of her subordinates

Ryan, a white manager, thinks that his knowledge of management and marketing is greater than Anil's, a nonwhite colleague. Ryan always demeans Anil's suggestions and terms his ideas as mediocre and useless. Ryan believes that his race and consequently, his ideas, are superior to Anil's. Given this information, Ryan believes in _____. a. ethnocentrism b. pluralism c. ethnorelativism d. xenocentrism

Sarah has been working at a designer clothing company for five years. She has developed an equitable partnership with her colleagues and superiors and faces challenges head on. Her supervisor trusts her to make decisions and to come up with great marketing strategies at the beginning of every season. Sarah's ideas are creative and she always manages to develop a socially relevant theme to go along with the season's theme. In the context of the different follower styles, Sarah is a(n): a. effective follower. b. pragmatic survivor. c. alienated follower. d. passive follower.

Sheree oversees the creation of books at a publishing company. She has to coordinate the efforts of designers, editors, typesetters, proofreaders, the marketing department, and several members of other departments. Sheree is a: a. project manager. b. line manager. c. matrix boss. d. production head.

The hotel chain Ritz-Carlton employs the phrase "Ladies and gentlemen taking care of ladies and gentlemen" to demonstrate its cultural commitment to take care of both employees and customers. Which tool is Ritz-Carlton using to express its corporate culture? a. The company is expressing its key corporate value with a slogan. b. The company is illustrating its heroes with strong company values. c. The company is using a ceremonial demonstration of its values. d. The company is conveying the value of its employees with a story.

The use of mathematical tools such as the application of linear programming for optimizing operations and the statistical process control for quality management is a characteristic of the _____ approach of the classical perspective of management thinking. a. management science b. bureaucratic organizations c. administrative principles d. scientific management

Which of the following statements is true of B Lab certification for benefit corporations? a. It helps companies avoid unintentional greenwashing. b. It is a must for firms seeking to monitor employee activities. c. It is a must for firms seeking to become benefit corporations. d. It helps companies prioritize financial goals over social goals.

Which of the following statements is true of effective communication? a. The nature of effective communication is cyclical. b. An employee encodes symbols to interpret the meaning of a message. c. A manager decodes an idea by selecting symbols with which to compose a message. d. The sole purpose of effective communication is the transference of information.

Which of the following statements is true of individuals at the postconventional level of ethical maturity? a. They will disobey rules or laws that violate their internal set of values. b. They are guided by external rewards and punishments. c. They work toward avoiding detrimental personal consequences. d. They give high importance to the expectations of significant others. Feedback

A chocolate company that was first set up Belgium gained popularity and had to expand to meet growing demands. It recruited employees from different backgrounds, set up production facilities in several countries, introduced chocolate recipes that included the local flavor in each region, and printed wrappers in several languages. In this scenario, the chocolate company has become a(n): a. ethnocentric company. b. geocentric company. c. people-centric company. d. polycentric company.

A popular clothing company decides to source cotton only from farmers who employ environment-friendly farming methods, avoiding the use of chemical pesticides. The company announces this decision through the press and social media. Which of the following is the most likely result of the clothing company's actions? a. Vendor protests and legal actions b. An increase in sales and customer numbers c. Public protests and media backlash d. A decrease in employee count and performance

A well-established cosmetics company decides to launch a chain of beauty salons across the country. In order to attract a large clientele, these salons will offer premium beauty services and membership benefits. In the context of strategy formulation, this launch is an example of: a. horizontal consolidation. b. related diversification. c. vertical integration. d. product standardization.

Akika Corporation started as a small firm and has grown substantially in the past decade. Its interests span from electronics to real estate and aviation. Akika's board of directors have now decided to create independent business units for and categorize the actions performed under each domain. Each business unit will have distinct roles and responsibilities. Which of the 14 principles of Fayol does this exemplify? a. Division of work b. Unity of direction c. Unity of command d. Scalar chain

Amy runs a boutique that caters to high-end customers who prefer to have unique clothing designs. She also works as a personal wardrobe stylist for several of her clients. Amy has now opened a manufacturing firm that focuses on designing and producing fabric that is used to make the unique designs. To which type of production technology does the manufacturing firm belong? a. Large-batch production b. Small-batch production c. Mass production d. Continuous process production

Which concept of good organization does the dual authority structure of a matrix violate? a. Discipline and ethics b. The unity-of-command concept c. The unity-of-direction concept d. Authority and responsibility

Devon, the owner of a realty company, is conscious of a decline in the housing market and realizes the need to encourage the realtors working for him to adapt to this change in their external environment. Devon decides that he will meet with all his employees regularly to discuss their concerns and ideas to show that he values their needs. Which of the following types of corporate cultures is Devon employing? a. The adaptability culture b. The involvement culture c. The consistency culture d. The achievement culture

In the context of SWOT analysis, in which SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, an organization's growing global product demand and plant modernization are its: a. strengths. b. opportunities. c. threats. d. weaknesses.

In the context of change implementation tactics, the participation approach is used when: a. initiators clearly have power over users. b. users have the power to resist. c. resisters need technical knowledge to accept change. d. users doubt the legitimacy of change.

In the context of ethics, which of the following is a characteristic of managers who are "givers"? a. They constantly seek credit and recognition for their achievements. b. They encourage others to think for themselves. c. They tend to feel competitive with their colleagues and subordinates. d. They encourage the growth of others and expect some benefits in return.

In the context of launching an entrepreneurial start-up, a(n) _____ is a document specifying the details prepared by an entrepreneur prior to opening a new company. a. partnership agreement b. business plan c. article of incorporation d. memorandum of understanding

In the context of leadership, _____ are natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills and provide each individual with his or her best tools for accomplishment and satisfaction. a. ethics b. strengths c. virtues d. traits

In the context of organizational change, which of the following statements is true of disruptive innovations? a. Companies affected by disruptive technologies report great profits. b. Companies that initiate disruptive innovations typically win big. c. They can be initiated solely by large entrepreneurial firms. d. They do not affect existing products and markets.

In the context of personal decision styles, the _____ is used by people who like to consider a broad amount of information and who tend to solve problems creatively. a. conceptual style b. behavioral style c. analytical style d. directive style

In the context of the BCG matrix that is named for the Boston Consulting Group, which developed it, which of the following statements is true of the question mark? a. The question mark is visible and attractive and generates a positive cash flow. b. The question mark has a small market share in a new, rapidly growing industry. c. The question mark is an advancement of the star and takes up new opportunities. d. The question mark has more value than the cash cow.

In the context of the different types of conflict, one study of top management teams found that _____ was associated with higher decision quality, greater commitment, and more decision acceptance. a. interdependence conflict b. task conflict c. role conflict d. relationship conflict Feed

In the context of the federal laws related to human resource management (HRM), the _____ imposes a fee on firms with 50 or more employees if the government subsidizes their employees' health care coverage. a. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) b. Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act (HIPPA) c. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) d. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)

In the context of the model of communication, which of the following individuals is giving feedback? a. Eleanor, who circulates a memo among her subordinates about a process change implementation b. Marc, who replies to his manager's email about quality improvement with his own ideas c. Bruce, who sends his superiors a fortnightly sales report as part of his defined tasks d. Claire, who sends out a company-wide email about the importance of punctuality

In the context of the three stages of organization development (OD) for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change, which of the following statements is true of the unfreezing stage? a. It is the intervention stage, during which a change agent implements a specific plan for training managers and employees. b. It is often associated with diagnosis, which uses an outside expert called a change agent. c. It occurs when individuals experiment with new behavior and learn new skills for use in the workplace. d. It occurs when individuals acquire new attitudes or values and are rewarded by the organization.

In the context of the types of negotiation, which of the following occurs when conflicting parties embark on an integrative negotiation approach? a. They look at the conflict as a win-lose situation rather than from multiple angles. b. They want to come up with a creative solution that benefits both sides. c. They see negotiation as a zero-sum game. d. They are competitive and adversarial rather than collaborative.

Jacinta manages a small catering business that supplies meals to around 30 clients. She begins her day at 5 AM and goes to the local market to source her raw materials. She then begins preparations for the day's menu with the help of two assistants. She also personally delivers food to her clients so that she can interact with them directly and obtain feedback about the food quality, which she ensures to incorporate into her business. Jacinta is determined to make her services more profitable and puts in long hours working on building her business. According to the five categories of small-business owners, Jacinta is most likely to be classified as a(n) _____. a. socialist b. hard worker c. sustainer d. idealist

Jane is the chief operating officer (COO) at a smartphone manufacturing company. She is responsible for setting the long-term goals for her organization and designing plans to achieve those goals. To gain a broad view of the organizational processes involved and improve her company's value in the industry, Jane mainly needs to employ her: a. technical skills. b. conceptual skills. c. intellectual skills. d. human skills.

Jenkin's, a large retail store, has lately been experiencing issues with sales and has lost a lot of customers. Bobby is hired to manage the store. He is found to be a tough leader who focuses on and plans to improve efficiency by setting high standards for his subordinates. He is not very popular amongst his subordinates as he ignores their needs. However, his method of leading gets work done and sales soon start to improve. In the context of the relationship between leadership style and situational favorability, Bobby is a(n) _____. a. relationship-oriented leader b. task-oriented leader c. interactive leader d. authentic leader

Judy works at the headquarters of an online shoe store. She is a member of the advertising team, which is a team within the marketing department. Which type of department is this? a. A line department b. A staff department c. A delegation department d. A primary department

Managers with an analytical style of decision making like to: a. talk to people one on one and consider the effect of a given decision on them. b. consider complex solutions based on as much data as they can gather. c. consider many broad alternatives and solve problems creatively. d. make decisions quickly because they do not like to deal with a lot of information. Fe

Soleks is a footwear company. Its target customers are people who prefer to shop in small stores with a limited selection of high-quality footwear. To cater to its customers, the company opens shops in upscale locations and stocks them accordingly. In this scenario, which of the following is Soleks trying to do? a. Expand by vertical integration b. Achieve a competitive advantage c. Capture a slice of the off-price market d. Achieve synergy across organizational departments

The CEO and human resource managers at Droshky, a transport service provider, decide to restructure the organization and develop two high-level positions: one to oversee marketing and the other to oversee the expansion of the company in other countries. They are looking for individuals who understand the organization's mission and values, and they want a process that will require minimum funds. In this scenario, which of the following talent acquisition tools would be the most advantageous for Droshky? a. The use of headhunters b. Internal recruiting c. External recruiting d. The use of employee referrals

The team in charge of innovation in a gaming software company holds a brainstorming session. The team uses Edward de Bono's Six Thinking Hats technique to promote broader thinking. Zachary, a team member, dons a figurative red hat and acts accordingly during the session. Which of the following is a correct description of Zachary's behavior? a. He provides new possibilities, alternatives, and unique solutions for better problem solving. b. He gives emotional responses based on feelings, intuitions, instincts, and hunches. c. He is pessimistic and points out the flaws and false assumptions in the ideas given by others. d. He is neutral and concerned with just the objective facts, figures, and information pertaining to the problem at hand.

Wanda, an employee at Presert Inc., has not achieved her sales targets in the past three fiscal quarters. Hence, unlike her peers, she has not got a pay hike; moreover, her superior has withheld her annual bonus. Which of the following reinforcement tools has Wanda's superior used in this scenario? a. Punishment b. Extinction c. Negative reinforcement d. Avoidance learning

Which of the following is a similarity between the inclusive model and the traditional model of diversity? a. Both promote a culture of ethnocentrism in the workplace. b. Both include inborn differences that are immediately observable. c. Both include aspects of diversity that can be acquired or changed throughout one's lifetime. d. Both include dimensions of diversity such as introversion, extroversion, and cultural upbringing.

Which of the following is the most likely outcome when there is a lack of trust within organizational teams? a. People do not express conflicting opinions. b. People do not feel safe to reveal mistakes. c. People put their personal ambition ahead of collective results. d. People go along with others for the sake of harmony. Feedback

Which of the following is true of brainstorming? a. It means a commitment to make more informed and intelligent decisions. b. It is highly effective for quickly generating a wide range of alternatives. c. It minimizes people's tendencies to value favored beliefs and viewpoints. d. It refers to the tendency of people to suppress contrary opinions.

Which of the following is true of employee affinity groups? a. They help instill beliefs of ethnocentrism in employees. b. They are a powerful way to reduce social isolation for women and minorities. c. They help management coerce employees into conforming to the views of the employer. d. They are based on professional roles and statuses of employees.

Which of the following statements is true of codes of ethics of an organization's values? a. Having strong codes of conduct guarantees that companies won't get into ethical trouble. b. Codes of ethics state the values or behaviors expected and those that will not be tolerated. c. Codes of ethics influence and ensure ethical behavior among employees and managers. d. The absence of any illegality in an organization shows that codes of ethics are being upheld.

Which of the following statements is true of managers' communication? a. Surveys show that most managers seek continuous feedback from employees and customers. b. Everything that a manager does and says communicates something to the employees. c. Surveys show that most managers do not realize the need to improve communication effectiveness. d. Managers' communication is past-oriented, that is, it directs employees' attention to prior mistakes.

A global burger chain has tailored its logo, menu, ingredients, and advertisements to the tastes and preferences of the people in the various locations of its outlets. This customization means that the burger chain has adopted a(n) _____. a. globalization strategy b. export strategy c. multidomestic strategy d. cost leadership strategy

A small company that manufactures pet food and toys is planning to start a new line of products that is related to pet health care. The company's top managers meet with potential venture capitalists to discuss the investments for a research and development (R&D) setup. In this case, the company is making a: a. routine decision. b. wicked decision. c. nonprogrammed decision. d. tactical decision.

A small start-up in California that sells products online has contracted with a Web designer in the United Kingdom, a manufacturing company in China, a customer-service provider in India, and a legal team in New York to perform its various functions. Which of the following organizational structures is prominent in this scenario? a. A team-based structure b. A matrix structure c. A virtual network structure d. A functional structure

A solar energy manufacturing company is expecting new innovations to change its equipment and processes over the next few years. To achieve this goal, the company provides rigorous training to all its employees that is specific to the new technology. Which of the following actions illustrates that the company's managers know how to keep employees on track toward accomplishing their final goal? a. Discussing how the existing equipment and processes work b. Regularly comparing competitors' equipment and processes with theirs c. Meeting biannually for evaluating employee progress d. Putting up poster reminders about the final goal

According to the job characteristics model, which of the following is a core job dimension? a. Behavior modification b. Vicarious learning c. Skill variety d. Positive reinforcement

Anjali, a manager at an investment firm, needs to downsize her team by five employees. She is faced with the difficult task of informing and explaining the necessity of this decision to the five team members who are being laid off. In order to handle this task most effectively, Anjali should: a. send a common email to the five team members. b. announce the decision through a post on the company's internal Web site. c. have a face-to-face discussion with each of the five team members. d. give a typed notice to the five team members.

Barry, the safety officer at a company that owns copper mines, had assembled a team to review the company's policy for disaster management. The task required employees to stay together in a harsh environment. The members worked together and examined the various measures in place for damage control. After achieving their main purpose, they were asked to wrap up and were presented with plaques to signify the achievement of the set goal. In the context of the stages of team development, the team members are in the ______. a. norming stage b. storming stage c. adjourning stage d. performing stage

Cormax Games is faced with uncertainty due to the large amount of downloadable, inexpensive games for smartphones and tablets that are present in the market. Traditionally a console game maker, Cormax is confronting changes in technologies and consumer tastes. Which of the following strategies would help Cormax Games modify its operation and adapt to its current environment? a. Supplying consumers with a product that is more efficient and effective b. Using the socio-cultural dimension to see what is valued within society c. Using business intelligence to spot significant data that will increase sales d. Strengthening its current marketing strategies to better sell its products

David helps the orchestra improve on a daily basis. When required, he spends personal time with the members to help them achieve their full potential. At the end of one of the performances, the orchestra receives a standing ovation, and David is asked to speak to the audience. As a Level 5 leader, David will: a. take full responsibility for the successful performance of the orchestra. b. boast about the orchestra's high earnings and talk about his big ambitions for the orchestra. c. thank the members of the orchestra and give them credit for their hard work. d. speak about how his orchestra is much better than the competitors'.

Which of the following illustrates a limitation of planning? a. Jean becomes demotivated when she cannot meet her work goals. b. Alan allocates four additional resources to work as substitutes on a new project. c. Jake follows through on his work plan but is hindered but an unforeseen event. d. Pam overestimates the amount of resources for a project, resulting in overspending.

Digitoll is a digital content company with offices in four cities across the world. Recently, Digitoll began using Sammer, an enterprise service, that allows employees to connect with each other. The use of this service has enabled a sense of community within Digitoll by facilitating communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing. Identify the management approach used by Digitoll. a. Cultivation analysis b. Relational dialectics c. Social business d. Systems thinking

Hamza runs a small restaurant in the city. For the last few months, Hamza has been noticing a dip in the number of diners at the restaurant. Hamza decides to renovate the place and make it more appealing to attract a larger crowd. However, the number of diners remains low. Additionally, the number of take-outs begin to diminish as well. In the context of the BCG matrix (named for the Boston Consulting Group that developed it), Hamza's restaurant can be classified as a(n) _____. a. question mark b. island c. dog d. haystack

In the context of buying an existing business, the buyer: a. pays an ongoing fee and sells another firm's products and services under that firm's name. b. invests his or her money to develop new products and services under that firm's name. c. has the advantage of a shorter time to get started and an existing track record. d. has complete control over the business in terms of deciding the price of products.

In the context of diversity initiatives and programs, an effective way to eliminate the glass ceiling is: a. training women employees in corporate practices and behavior. b. teaching women employees to be less assertive in asking what they want. c. developing mentoring relationships in companies. d. promoting an ethnocentric culture in the workplace.

In the context of ethics, research has shown that people will work harder and more effectively under _____, in which leaders put others' interests and needs above their own. a. authoritative leadership b. contingent leadership c. servant leadership d. pragmatic leadership

In the context of ethics, which of the following sets of parameters constitutes the triple bottom line that is used to measure an organization's sustainability performance? a. Mission, plan, and action b. Customers, investors, and employees c. People, planet, and profit d. Model, machine, and market

In the context of gender differences in communication, which of the following is a difference between the communication styles of men and women? a. When a woman nods, it means that she agrees, whereas when a man nods, it means that he is listening. b. Men typically score high on abilities such as motivating others, fostering communication, and listening, whereas women score low on these abilities. c. When men make decisions, they process internally until they come up with a solution, whereas when women make decisions, they tend to process and think of options out loud. d. Women believe that listening can take place without making eye contact, whereas men believe that good listening skills involve making regular eye contact.

In the context of organizational change, which of the following statements is true of the horizontal linkage model? a. It is not applicable in high-pressure business environments that require rapidly developing and commercializing products and services. b. Teams create and develop standardized products without inputs from customers and then market these products to them. c. People from all departments meet frequently in teams and task forces to share ideas and solve problems. d. It requires teams at the same level of a value chain to work one after the other, forming a linear chain.

In the context of strategic thinking, which of the following is a difference between for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations? a. Unlike for-profit organizations, nonprofit organizations target gaining specific customers. b. Unlike nonprofit organizations, for-profit organizations depend on events in the external environment. c. Unlike nonprofit organizations, for-profit organizations focus on gaining competitive advantage in the marketplace. d. Unlike for-profit organizations, nonprofit organizations focus on developing their core competencies.

In the context of the different types of followership, effective followers: a. participate willingly, without considering the consequences of what they are being asked to do. b. lack initiative or responsibility and accomplish things only with supervision. c. behave the same toward everyone, regardless of their position in the organization. d. emerge when an organization is going through desperate times.

In the context of wanting to expand their global mind-set, which of the following is true of learning by doing? a. Managers must be able to appreciate different viewpoints. b. Managers must study world affairs and follow trends in international business. c. Managers must cultivate relationships with people across various boundaries. d. Managers must possess a genuine curiosity about other people and their cultures.

Jessica is a recent graduate. She begins her first job at a publishing house as a trainee editor. Jessica's manager is a highly authoritative person who closely monitors her performance. Jessica believes that if she obeys her manager's instructions, she can avoid harmful personal consequences. In the context of ethics, Jessica is at the _____ of moral development. a. postconventional level b. conventional level c. preconventional level d. principled level

John is the chief operating officer (CEO) at an advertising company. He conducts bi-weekly meetings with his middle managers through which he motivates them and guides them to achieve their targets. Additionally, John also meets new employees once every few months for general discussions and to brief them about the company's policies and goals. In this case, John exhibits characteristics of the _____ function of management to ensure organizational success. a. controlling b. planning c. leading d. organizing

Kurt is making ends meet after he gave up a well-paying job. He did this to spend more time on starting his business of a desk-to-desk courier service. He spends less time at home and spends most nights at his office working out plans and other details with his partner. Which of the following entrepreneurial traits is Kurt exhibiting? a. Autonomy b. Desire for power c. Entrepreneurial sacrifice d. Desire for appreciation

Maria recently opened a small store that sells sewing supplies. She starts work very early and works at the store six days a week. She ensures that she meets her suppliers personally, pays bills, and takes inventory at the end of every week. In the context of the categories of small-business owners, Maria is a(n): a. sustainer because she balances her work and personal life. b. hard worker because she puts in long hours to build a large business. c. juggler because she likes that she is given the chance to handle everything herself. d. optimizer because she feels rewarded by the personal satisfaction of being a business owner.

Online dating Web sites such as eHarmony and Match.com sift through huge amounts of information to compare millions of people across hundreds of different variables and make matches for users in a matter of minutes, sending new matches out on a daily basis. This is an example of: a. product orientation. b. sales promotion. c. big data analytics. d. consumer awareness.

Plymouth Machinery and Tools, a hardware company, has installed a new product management software in their factory locations. The intent is to streamline the supply and distribution processes for increased efficiency and lower costs. It is meant to be used by inventory managers who work the shop floor and assembly line. However, the managers need more information to understand the change. Which of the following change implementation tactics is best suited to be used in this scenario? a. Coercion and extortion b. Negotiation c. Communication and education d. Appeasement

Raoul owns a dry goods store in Germany, which is part of the European Union (EU), where the currency used is the euro. Until the global recession began, his business had steadily grown mainly due to the easy exporting of his products. Everything that he exports is now heavily taxed, which has caused him to lay off a number of employees and severely restrict his business to his own country. Which of the following has negatively affected Raoul's business? a. Geocentrism b. Cultural risks c. Political risks d. Foreign partnership

The Gantt chart, a bar graph that measures planned and completed work along each stage of production by time elapsed, is a tool developed and used in the _____ approach of the classical perspective of management thinking. a. behavioral sciences b. bureaucratic organizations c. scientific management d. administrative principles

The U.S. Internal Revenue Service groups taxpayers into four divisions: wage and investment, small businesses, large businesses, and non-profit and government agencies. What type of organizational structure does this represent? a. A geographic-based division b. A product-based division c. A customer-based division d. A cross-functional division

Until recently, The Wisdom Den, a national chain of libraries, hired employees to manually manage annual subscriptions and keep a track of the books issued to customers. However, it has now replaced the old method and upgraded to a database software which is fairly simple to use. Although the implementation of the computerized system is certain to make the librarians' job easier, the change has resulted in a lot of resistance from them. Which of the following options is most likely to be the reason behind the resistance and conflict? a. Dissimilar assessments b. Different goals c. Uncertainty d. Self-interest

What can simultaneously be considered the best feature and, from some employees' viewpoint, the worst characteristic of stretch goals? a. Stretch goals are more likely to be met with gradual, incremental improvements. b. Stretch goals are frequently changed by the top management. c. Stretch goals are beyond the current levels of organizational capability. d. Stretch goals are not always set with matching rewards for achievement.

When faced with a problem, Emmanuel likes to gather all the data possible so he can come up with the best possible decision. If a subordinate brings a problem to him, he considers all possible alternatives and makes a decision based on rational data. In the context of personal decision styles, Emmanuel uses the: a. behavioral style. b. directive style. c. analytical style. d. conceptual style.

Which of the following is a difference between programmed decisions and nonprogrammed decisions? a. Unlike nonprogrammed decisions, programmed decisions are made in response to situations that are unique and largely unstructured. b. Unlike programmed decisions, nonprogrammed decisions concern the maintenance of a regular supply of raw materials. c. Unlike nonprogrammed decisions, programmed decisions are made in response to recurring organizational problems. d. Unlike programmed decisions, nonprogrammed decisions concern the types of skills required to fill certain jobs.

Which of the following is an example of a line department in an organization? a. The research and development team b. The marketing team c. The production team d. The human resources team

Which of the following is one of the intended outcomes of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)? a. Decreased competition with European firms b. Decreased goods movement among member countries c. Increased exports among member countries d. Increased job outsourcing to low-wage countries

Which of the following is true of virtual teams? a. Resolution of conflicts is easier in virtual teams than when members are physically present. b. Virtual teams are composed solely of top organizational members as they deal with confidential organizational information. c. Virtual teams can be local, national, global, and include members from one firm or many. d. Communication in virtual teams provides a rich nonverbal context that is missing in teams where members are physically present.

Which of the following scenarios represents an ethical dilemma? a. Athiya pledging her eyes and kidneys for donation after her death b. Asmaria importing wheat from another country that has surplus grain production and export-friendly laws c. Source PX outsourcing production to a third world country where no rules against child labor exist d. EarthGuard Inc. dealing with the sale of lands that belong to the state and are publicly owned

Which of the following statements is true of a bossless work environment? a. Bossless organizations have no need for employee training. b. Employee engagement is nonessential for a bossless workplace. c. Accountability is to the customer and the team rather than to a manager. d. Bossless organizations have reduced work flexibility.

Which type of organizational culture supports and rewards a methodical, rational, and orderly way of doing things? a. The achievement culture b. The adaptability culture c. The consistency culture d. The involvement culture

While developing alternatives during decision making, managers: a. analyze underlying causal factors associated with the decision situation. b. survey the internal and external environment for issues that merit executive attention. c. generate other possible solutions that will respond to the needs of the situation and correct the underlying causes. d. gather information that tells them how well the decision was implemented and whether it was effective in achieving its goals.

_____ refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action. a. Engagement b. Cognition c. Motivation d. Enrichment

Identify a primary concern that Americans have about globalization. a. They do not want to pay higher prices for foreign-made goods. b. They are opposed to U.S. companies gaining entry into foreign markets. c. They fear that local small-scale businesses will be adversely affected. d. They dislike the offshoring of domestic jobs to other countries.

A nonprofit organization has piloted a new approach to designing and building long-term care facilities that take into account the needs of elderly residents. Based on the success of their pilot attempt, the organization has now decided to standardize its construction plans. From now on, all their facilities are going to be similarly built. Which management action does this represent? a. Replacing operational goals with tactical goals b. Changing the organizational mission c. Creating a new organizational vision d. Adopting a new standing plan

Abraham, a supervisor, likes to dictate what others can do and say. He is known to harshly reprimand and even ruin his subordinates' chances for promotions when they do not perform as per his will. Although they are all fairly unhappy, Abraham's subordinates have not complained about his behavior because they fear him. In the context of the types of power that are available to leaders, Abraham has _____ over his subordinates. a. expert power b. coercive power c. reward power d. referent power

According to Max Weber, rationality in firms means employee selection and advancement based not on whom you know, but rather on competence and technical qualifications, which are assessed by examination or according to specific training and experience. This forms the basis of the _____ approach of the classical perspective of management thinking. a. scientific management b. behavioral sciences c. administrative principles d. bureaucratic organizations

According to the equal employment opportunity (EEO) guidelines, which of the following would be an inappropriate or illegal question to ask job candidates? a. Have you ever been convicted of a crime? b. Have you ever worked under a different name? c. Are you over the age of 18? d. What religious holidays do you observe?

After demonstrating good mastery of her technical skills, Suri was promoted to the role of a manager. She now manages a team of engineers that consists of her colleagues she had initially worked with. Suri has been in her current position for a while and would like to make further advancement. How can she show her boss that while being technically skilled, she also uses human skills effectively? a. By appointing a team member as a single point of contact for the team and top management b. By looking over her team members' activities to ensure her control over them c. By allowing her team members to bring their children to work once a week and during holidays d. By felicitating the team members for their contributions to a project

Ajay is an Indian who owns a multinational company (MNC) that is headquartered in Bangalore. He ensures that his company consists of employees from different backgrounds and from different regions within his home country. Ajay strongly believes in giving first preference to Indians in terms of hiring new recruits, working with vendors, and building customer relationships. In this case, Ajay's company is a(n) _____. a. oligocentric company b. polycentric company c. geocentric company d. ethnocentric company

Ajay, a young employee working for an online startup company, was recently promoted to the post of a manager. He was asked to help two senior managers understand the applications of a new web-based software that the company had adopted. This is an example of: a. high potential mentoring. b. youth mentoring. c. diversity mentoring. d. reverse mentoring.

An African company uses a part of the profits made from the sale of its products to develop and market a portable water purifier for impoverished regions. This device, when mass produced, can be sold at a very low cost. The company plans to partner with people from those regions who can take up sales for the new product and thus earn commissions. Which of the following is the company doing? a. It is taking steps to become a polycentric company. b. It is globalizing. c. It is offshoring. d. It is serving the bottom of the pyramid.

Ananya has been working for a Fortune 500 company for over a decade; she is being vetted for a senior management position. When she is invited to meet with the CEO and president of the board of the company, Ananya mentions that she plans to marry soon and that family is her priority. Which of the following perceptions will most likely affect her superior's decision? a. Women are not competent and lack interpersonal skills. b. Women lack confidence and credibility. c. Women do not take responsibility for their success. d. Women tend to make incremental decisions based on future plans.

Anastasia decides to use most of her savings in opening a café. After a year, she realizes that her café is consistently not making any profits. Instead of closing the café or selling it to a third party, she decides to keep the café open and working in the hope that it will soon become well-known and earn good profits. In the context of the biases that cloud judgment, Anastasia is: a. being influenced by emotions. b. being influenced by initial impressions. c. seeing what she wants to see. d. justifying past decisions.

Angelo has decided to set specific rules for reordering office supplies when inventories reach a particular level. He has made this decision so that his subordinates would not have to constantly ask him when they must place orders to refill the company's stock. In the context of managerial decision making, Angelo is making a: a. wicked decision. b. policy decision. c. group decision. d. programmed decision.

Cabinets and Couches is a new furniture company that is in the process of recruiting people. The CEO of the company wants to market his company as having an environment that is highly creative and encourages critical and innovative thinking. How can the CEO attract the best job candidates? a. By providing routine jobs with traditional salary packages b. By providing job contracts and employment bonds to employees c. By developing a social media plan using elements of the old social contract d. By developing a strong employer brand

Companies such as Uber and Airbnb, which bridge the digital and physical worlds, are examples of businesses that are based on _____. a. backward integration b. continuous integration c. mixed model production d. disruptive innovation

Dakota runs Soul Earth, a holistic care center committed to alternative healing therapies such as acupuncture and meditation. As the organization transforms its vision to incorporate all types of wellness, Dakota must figure out how to get her staff on the same page. As a transformational leader, Dakota will: a. motivate her employees to put aside their own needs and concerns for the sake of the organization. b. rely solely on tangible rules and incentives to control all transactions with her subordinates. c. command her subordinates to fulfil the task requirements for her own personal gain. d. inspire her subordinates to believe in their own potential to create a better future for the organization. Feedback

Fuzz Inc., a well-known soft drink manufacturing company, introduces a new drink into the market, to make up for the company's past losses and regain its position in the market. However, customers reportedly complain about an odd taste in the drink. To correct this, the company invests more effort in improving the product to suit customer needs. The new drink with an improved taste soon becomes popular in the market, fulfilling Fuzz's goals. This scenario demonstrates the concept of: a. object-oriented analysis. b. organizational efficiency. c. objective budgeting. d. organizational effectiveness.

Heidi likes to start team meetings with a joke or a funny story that breaks the ice and makes people talk and laugh. She is very receptive to her team members' ideas and encourages them to contribute to conversations. When conflicts arise within the group, Heidi helps the disagreeing members to reach an agreement. In the context of the different roles played by team members, which of the following roles does Heidi play? a. A dominating role b. A task specialist role c. A diagnostic role d. A socioemotional role

How does the management by means (MBM) approach differ from the management by objectives (MBO) approach? a. Unlike MBO, the MBM method results in employees behaving unethically to achieve targets. b. Unlike MBO, the MBM method requires the appraisal of both individuals and departments in a company. c. Unlike MBM, the MBO method focuses on the means to achieve the goal rather than on the goal itself. d. Unlike MBM, the MBO method makes success or failure to achieve goals part of the appraisal system.

In the context of Maslow's theory, which of the following individuals has satisfied her safety needs at her workplace? a. Sally, a lawyer at Matroper Corp., who has been given the opportunity to become a partner at the firm b. Dora, who has received a warm welcome from her team members after returning from a three-month sabbatical c. Renee, an assistant manager at Osmosis Spa, who has been promoted to the managerial position due to her dedication to work d. Sara, who has been hired for a permanent position in a startup firm after being unemployed for over six months

In the context of diversity initiatives and programs, an organization can expand recruitment efforts by: a. eliminating ethnorelativism from the workplace. b. using marketing strategies that focus on ethnocentrism. c. creating a monoculture and speaking about it at events. d. offering internship programs to give people opportunities.

In the context of managing communication, which of the following statements is a difference between routine and nonroutine messages? a. Unlike nonroutine messages, routine messages need channels that are high in richness for efficient communication. b. Unlike routine messages, nonroutine messages convey data or statistics that managers already agree on and understand. c. Nonroutine messages are simple, whereas routine messages have great potential to be misunderstood. d. Nonroutine messages are ambiguous, whereas routine messages are straightforward

In the context of managing communication, which of the following statements is true of good listeners? a. They judge delivery rather than the content of a speech. b. They concentrate on formulating what they are going to say next. c. They seek facts rather than understanding the central theme of a speech. d. They capitalize on the fact that thought is faster than speech.

In the context of the BCG matrix, which is named for the Boston Consulting Group that developed it, which of the following dimensions are associated with the cash cow? a. High market share and high growth rate b. Low market share and high growth rate c. Low market share and low growth rate d. High market share and low growth rate

In the context of the different types of corporate culture, the achievement culture is different from the other types in that it mainly: a. supports a methodical, rational, and orderly way of conducting business. b. places high value on meeting the needs of employees. c. provides employees with the liberty to make decisions and act freely to meet needs. d. values competitiveness and willingness to work long to achieve results.

In the context of the types of corporate culture, which of the following scenarios illustrates the adaptability culture? a. The managers at Jelly Legs Entertainment focus on creating a caring, family-like atmosphere in their organization. b. The culture at Canton Inc. values competitiveness, personal initiative, and willingness to work long hours to achieve results. c. Hoover Mechanics has a culture that supports a methodical and orderly way of doing things. d. Employees at Bilton Associates have the liberty to make decisions and act freely to meet new needs.

In the context of the various sectors included in the task environment of an organization, _____ provide the raw materials that the organization uses to produce its output. a. employee associations b. customers c. competitors d. suppliers

Jiaying is an HR manager at a research firm in China, and her company has opened a branch in the United States. Jiaying has been assigned to assist the HR department in the new branch as they become familiar with the company's policies. Jiaying wants to spend some time getting acquainted with the people in the new branch while she's working with them, but they mainly want information that pertains to the company. Which of the following types of social context is observed in the new branch? a. A Machiavellian culture b. A feminine culture c. A collectivist culture d. A low-context culture

Managers who make the judgment bias of perpetuating the status quo will: a. give disproportionate weight to the first information they receive. b. look for information that supports their existing point of view while making a decision. c. make choices that justify their past decisions even if the decision is no longer valid. d. base decisions on what has worked in the past without exploring new options.

Maya, the store manager for a fast food restaurant, is committed to ensuring that her staff members work in a nurturing environment that promotes growth, acknowledgement, and reward. She respects her employees' ideas and wants them to be content. As a result, she has built relationships based on mutual trust with her subordinates. In the given scenario, Maya is an effective leader with high: a. coercive power. b. initiating structure. c. job-centered behavior. d. consideration.

Reed is a division head at a multinational corporation (MNC) that specializes in ergonomical chairs and fitness training equipment. Recently, the top management at the MNC has decided to contribute to better employee health and the fitness of at least 10 million people around the world. To realize this goal, Reed breaks down the top management's goals into smaller units and defines specific goals for his division. In this case, Reed is defining a _____. a. strategic goal b. leadership goal c. standing goal d. tactical goal

Reema is a manager at a fast food restaurant. She uses rational methods to solve day-to-day issues and makes quick decisions that supports the needs of the restaurant. Reema encourages her team members to adhere to existing rules and policies when they make their own decisions and come up with simple solutions to problems. In the context of personal decision styles, Reema is a manager who follows a(n) ______. a. behavioral style b. analytical style c. conceptual style d. directive style

Ron was placed in charge of two teams: Team A and Team B. Team A's members reported that they were very satisfied with their team, but they were unproductive. Team B focused only on task accomplishment and was effective for a short amount of time, but its members were not very satisfied. As an effective team leader, Ron should: a. insist that the members of Team B host more non-task interactions. b. ask the members of Team A to work the same way that Team B works. c. ask Team A and Team B to figure out solutions to their respective problems. d. form a team that consists of members from both Team A and Team B.

Sadia recently submitted her resume to a small marketing firm. A few days later, she was invited for an interview. At her interview, the company representative asks her about how she plans to manage office and household work. Moreover, he is curt with her and does not give her enough time to respond to his questions. Sadia suspects that she is being discriminated against because she is Muslim and a woman. If her suspicion is true, which of the following laws will protect Sadia if she decides to press charges against the company representative? a. The Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 b. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 c. Section 21 of the Human Rights Act of 1988 d. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Scientists have discovered that the influenza virus often modifies its genetic material and protein structure. In order to tackle the seasonal changes in the influenza virus, vaccine manufacturers have decided to produce a new influenza vaccine every six months. This is an example of a(n): a. project goal. b. single-use goal. c. strategic goal. d. operational goal.

Starbucks expanded into the European market where their fans packed stores in Germany and the United Kingdom, but sales and profits in its French stores were disappointing. Some of the reasons for this were a sluggish economy, high rent, and high labor costs in France. Furthermore, instead of grabbing a coffee to go, the French prefer to linger over a coffee with friends. Which of the following was a reason for Starbucks's inability to thrive in France? a. Starbucks did not consider its competitors when opening stores throughout France. b. Starbucks did not have a strong supply chain that is essential for the delivery of its goods. c. Starbucks did not look at the technological dimension that would affect French society. d. Starbucks did not factor in the international dimension of the external environment.

Vladimir is a manager at an automotive plant in the United States. His company has set up new plants in three other countries in which the labor force is much more cost effective than that of the United States. His company has also struck a deal with an automotive spare part supplier in Brazil to buy its products at a discounted rate. Which of the following is Vladimir's company demonstrating? a. International reorganization b. Centralization c. Exporting d. Global outsourcing

Which of the following components of cultural intelligence refers to a person's ability to shift his or her speech patterns, expressions, and body language to be in tune with people from a different culture? a. The socioethnic component b. The emotional component c. The cognitive component d. The physical component

Which of the following describes a differentiation strategy? a. Placing employees closer to customers b. Moving from decentralization to centralization c. Aiming for internal efficiency d. Developing products unique to the market

Which of the following is a reason that some managers in technology companies cite for the dearth of minority employees holding higher level positions? a. Minorities tend to avoid applying to technology companies. b. Technology companies have an ethnorelative attitude toward applicants. c. Technology companies have a pluralistic culture. d. The pool of skilled, nonwhite, nonmale candidates is small.

Which of the following is at the top of an organization's goal hierarchy? a. Strategic goals b. Targets for success c. The vision for the future d. The mission statement

Which of the following is true of entrepreneurship in the United States? a. Small firms and entrepreneurships in the United States account for less than half of all U.S. sales. b. Powerful technology is not readily available to start-ups, and it is very expensive to start a company. c. Over the past few decades, most new jobs have come from existing huge organizations. d. Entrepreneurship and small business are a primary source of disruptive innovation.

Which of the following is true of the Leadership Grid? a. It determines whether a leader exerts hard power or soft power. b. It determines the situational variables that substitute for or neutralize a leader's characteristics. c. It measures a leader's initiating structure. d. It measures a leader's concern for people and concern for production.

Which of the following motivation methods should an organization consider if it wants to go bossless? a. It should hide information concerning motivational factors. b. It should use functional or command teams. c. It should rely on extrinsic rewards. d. It should reward teams instead of individuals.

Which of the following statements is true of empowered employees? a. They do not rely on motivational compensation programs. b. They do not need financial and operational information about the company. c. They require continuous supervision of managers. d. They are rewarded based on company performance.

Which of the following statements is true of managers of creative organizations? a. They use a top-down approach and encourage the flow of ideas from top executives to lower levels. b. They involve employees in a specific type of projects so that people get used to the rhythm of routine jobs. c. They embrace success and discourage risk, experimentation, and failure. d. They drive out the fear of making mistakes that can inhibit creative thinking.

Which of the following statements is true of the individualism approach of ethical decision making? a. It is highly popular in the group-oriented society of today. b. In theory, it does not ultimately serve the greater good. c. It contends that people have the right to speak freely. d. It is easily misinterpreted to support immediate self-gain.

Which of the following theories focuses on individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others? a. Expectancy theory b. Goal-setting theory c. Reinforcement theory d. Equity theory

_____ is the biggest factor in determining whether people feel motivated and engaged at work. a. Company performance b. Attrition rate c. The number of working hours d. The behavior of managers

ason is the new manager of a local retail store. He is in charge of all the activities that take place at the store. During the first two weeks after joining, Jason carefully monitors each employee's tasks and the time spent on performing each of those tasks. He then organizes the tasks and activities into work groups, standardizes the procedures involved, and allocates a time limit for each work group and procedure. Jason informs his employees that their wage incentives will directly reflect their adherence to the new standards. In this case, Jason's actions are consistent with the ideologies of _____. a. chaos theory b. democratic management c. Theory X d. scientific management

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