Sem 1 APUSH Final

"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies." The appeal quoted above was made by

Abigail Adams

The battle that turned the tide of the Civil War in favor of the Union and prevented further southern expansion north was:

Battle of Gettysburg

"My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that." -Source: Abraham Lincoln, to Horace Greeley, New York Times, 1862 The excerpt most strongly suggests that in 1862 which of the following was correct?

Lincoln's primary goal for the Civil War was to reunify the country.

As a result of Bacon's Rebellion:

Planters began to look for less troublesome laborers

Which of the following factors most influenced the adoption of largely mobile lifestyles by early societies in the Great Basin and Great Plains?

The arid Great Basin limited farming opportunities close to major waterways, making permanent settlements undesirable.

Paine's argument "that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still" was most likely in reference to which of the following situations?

The belief among colonists that they had earned a right to greater liberty from Britain

-Source: William L. Sheppard, "The First Cotton-Gin," Which of the following most directly led to the circumstances illustrated by the image?

The emergence of new inventions in agriculture

How were Mississippian tribes similar to other Native American groups in the pre-European contact?

The environment in which they lived influenced their societies and economies.

"By interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, [we] entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice. . . . It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world." -Source: George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 Which of the following developments in the early 1800s best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the passage?

The rise of a foreign policy of non-involvement

The policy suggested in the image was most directly a response to which of the following early nineteenth century historical development?

The successful independence movements by Latin American countries

The term Columbian Exchange refers to:

The transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the Old and New World

Which of the following is a correct statement about women in United States society in the years 1790-1810?

They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens.

-Source: Kelloggs & Comstock, Wikimedia Commons (Links to an external site.), 1849 Which of the following statements best summarizes what is depicted in the image?

a religious revival

(Picture of the federal edifice) The image above most directly reflects the belief held by many in 1788 that

a stronger central government was a positive step

"If the Sons (so degenerate) the Blessing despise, Let the Daughters of Liberty, nobly arise, And tho' we've no Voice, but a negative here. The use of the Taxables, let us forbear, (Then Merchants import till yr. Stores are all full May the Buyers by few and yr. Traffick be dull.) Stand firmly resolved, and bid Grenville to see That rather than Freedom, we'll part with our Tea And well as we love the dear Draught when adry, As American Patriots, --our Taste we deny . . . ." -Source: Hannah Griffitts, The Female Patriots, Address'd to the Daughters of Liberty in America, 1768 The author of the passage would most likely have supported which of the following?

boycotts of British products

Read the passage and answer the question below. "This is the Country, which the French have many Years envied us, and which they have been long meditating to make themselves Masters of: They are at length come to a Resolution to attack us. . . in one of the best of those Colonies, Virginia; and in that part of it which lies on the River Ohio. . . . The French however if they find their Way to the Coast of Virginia, will easily over-run the provinces, because each Province considers itself as independence of the Rest, and the Invaders from Canada all act under one Governor; to unite 13 Provinces which fill an Extent of 1600 Miles is not easy. . . . Canada must be subdued." The Maryland Gazette, 1755 According to the excerpt, what caused the conflict between the French and the British?

competing claims to colonial land

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "Into this land of meek outcasts there came some Spaniards who immediately behaved like ravening wild beasts . . . killing, terrorizing, afflicting, torturing, and destroying the native peoples, doing all this with the strangest and most varied new methods of cruelty, never seen or heard of before, and to such a degree that this Island of Hispaniola once so populous (having a population that I estimated to be more than three million), has now a population of barely two hundred persons." -Source: Bartolomé de Las Casas, Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies, 1542. Which of the following practices did the ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenge?

enslaving indigenous people as laborers in the encomienda system

This painting could best be used as evidence of which of the following historical developments?

how Spanish colonization led to a racial hierarchy in the New World based on an individual's percentage of Spanish blood.

"Thus, with twenty millions of people, and every element of strength and force at command-power, patronage, influence, unanimity, enthusiasm, confidence, credit, money, men, an Army and a Navy the largest and the noblest ever set in the field, or afloat upon the sea; with the support, almost servile, of every State, county, and municipality in the North and West, with a Congress swift to do the bidding of the Executive; . . . you have utterly, signally, disastrously-I will not say ignominiously-failed to subdue ten millions of 'rebels,' whom you had taught the people of the North and West not only to hate, but to despise. . . . You have not conquered the South. You never will. It is not in the nature of things possible. . . . But money you have expended without limit, and blood poured out like water. Defeat, debt, taxation, [tombs,] these are your trophies. . . . The war for the Union is, in your hands, a most bloody and costly failure." -Source: Clement Vallandigham, an Ohio politician, Speeches, Arguments, and Letters, 1864 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

how the United States faced some home front opposition to the Civil War

"Ideally, in a democracy, the civilian leadership determines policy and the military aligns its strategy to conform to it. In terms of the Civil War, this meant the antagonists were Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis. Obviously, Lincoln was by far the more successful. He always kept the political objective firmly in his mind, and he always ensured that his subordinates, military as well as civilian, hewed to the administration's political course. . . . "Jefferson Davis, a man utterly determined to protect his military prerogative, failed to control the political realm. He allowed his generals to decide when to extend the war into Kentucky, though this effectively destroyed the Confederacy's strategic position in the West. He knew what he wanted—independence—but he came up short in coordinating and guiding the various elements of Confederate national power to achievement of this objective." -Source: Donald Stocker, historian, The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War, 2010 Which of the following was the most significant effect of the difference in leadership described in the excerpt?

how the United States proved successful in defeating the Confederacy.

YearNumber of immigrants 1820 8,385 1824 7,912 1828 27,382 1832 60,482 1836 76,242 1840 84,066 1844 78,615 1848 226,527 -Source: U.S. Government Printing Office, Statistical review of immigration, 1820-1910 (Links to an external site.), 1911 Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 1820 to 1848 shown in the table?

increase in factories attracted more immigrants from Europe looking for jobs

"There is a violent spirit of opposition. . . against the execution of the Stamp Act, the mob in Boston have carried it very high against Mr. Oliver the Secry (a Town born child) for his acceptance of an office in consequence of that act. They have even proceeded to some violence, and burnt him in Effigy &c. They threaten to pull down & burn the Stamp Office now building, and that they will hold every man as Infamous that shall presume to carry the Stamp Act into Execution; so that it is thought Mr. Oliver will resign." -Archibald Hinshelwood in a letter to Joshua Mauger describing colonial reactions to Andrew Oliver, a royal stamp tax collector, 1765 According the primary source above, what were colonists protesting against during the 1760's?

increased imperial control of colonial governments.

-Source: "Filling cartridges at the United States Arsenal at Watertown, Massachusetts," Harper's Weekly, Library of Congress (Links to an external site.) 1861 The image most directly reflects which of the following developments during the 1860s?

increased opportunity for women of the north to work in factories during the Civil War

"A free negro of the African race, whose ancestors were brought to this country and sold as slaves, is not a "citizen" within the meaning of the Constitution of the United States. "When the Constitution was adopted, they were not regarded in any of the States as members of the community which constituted the State, and were not numbered among its 'people or citizens.' Consequently, the special rights and immunities guaranteed to citizens do not apply to them. And not being 'citizens' within the meaning of the Constitution, they are not entitled to sue in that character in a court of the United States . . ." -Source: Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, the opinion of the Court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 Which of the following was the most immediate result of the ruling excerpted?

increased tension between abolitionists and defenders of slavery

The map most directly depicts which of the following?

land purchased by the federal government

The map most directly depicts the ways in which the British government attempted to do which of the following?

limit the expansion of westward colonial settlement.

"There is a violent spirit of opposition. . . against the execution of the Stamp Act, the mob in Boston have carried it very high against Mr. Oliver the Secry (a Town born child) for his acceptance of an office in consequence of that act. They have even proceeded to some violence, and burnt him in Effigy &c. They threaten to pull down & burn the Stamp Office now building, and that they will hold every man as Infamous that shall presume to carry the Stamp Act into Execution; so that it is thought Mr. Oliver will resign." -Archibald Hinshelwood in a letter to Joshua Mauger describing colonial reactions to Andrew Oliver, a royal stamp tax collector, 1765 The events described in the excerpt are best seen as evidence of opposition to which of the following?

new taxes instituted by colonial governments

After the French and Indian War, British political leaders were determined to

require the North American colonies to pay a greater share of the empire's administrative expenses

(An image of farmers in Western Pennsylvania tarring and feathering a tax collector during the Whiskey Rebellion of 1791.) The actions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in 1790s?

resistance to the increased strength of the federal government

"Who, amongst us, will not renounce. . . those vain ornaments. . . when she shall consider that the valiant defenders of America will be able to draw some advantage from the money which she may have laid out in these; that they will be better defended from the rigours of the seasons. . . . The time is arrived to display the same sentiments which animated us at the beginning of the Revolution, when we renounced the use of teas. . . rather than receive them from our persecutors. . . ." Esther DeBerdt Reed, "Sentiments of an American Woman," 1780 Which of the following is an example of an activity that white women typically engaged in during the Revolutionary War?

sewing and mending clothes for American soldiers

"If the Sons (so degenerate) the Blessing despise, Let the Daughters of Liberty, nobly arise, And tho' we've no Voice, but a negative here. The use of the Taxables, let us forbear, (Then Merchants import till yr. Stores are all full May the Buyers by few and yr. Traffick be dull.) Stand firmly resolved, and bid Grenville to see That rather than Freedom, we'll part with our Tea And well as we love the dear Draught when adry, As American Patriots, --our Taste we deny . . . ." -Source: Hannah Griffitts, The Female Patriots, Address'd to the Daughters of Liberty in America, 1768 Which of the following identifies a way that women served the revolutionary cause?

spinning homemade cloth to support boycotts

Shays' Rebellion is significant because it

strengthened the movement for a new constitution

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. It is public opinion and knowledge that no end of deception is practiced and a thousand acts of robbery and violence are committed in the course of bartering and carrying off Negroes from their country and bringing them to the Indies and to Spain. . . . Since the Portuguese and Spaniards pay so much for a Negro, they go out to hunt one another without the pretext of a war, as if they were deer; even the very Ethiopians, who are different, being induced to do so by the profit derived. . . . They embark four and five hundred of them in a boat which, sometimes, is not a cargo boat. The very stench is enough to kill most of them, and, indeed, very many die. The wonder is that twenty percent of them are not lost. -Source: Fray Tomas de Mercado, Spanish Dominican Friar, 1587 The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical developments? Correct Answer

the Atlantic slave trade

"The issue before the country is the extinction of slavery. No man of common sense, who has observed the progress of events, and who is not prepared to surrender the institution, with the safety and independence of the South, can doubt that the time for action has come—now or never. The Southern States are now in the crisis of their fate; and, if we read aright the signs of the times, nothing is needed for our deliverance, but that the ball of revolution be set in motion." -Source: The Charleston Mercury, "What Shall the South Carolina Legislature Do?" November 3, 1860 Which of the following most directly contributed to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

the Republican Party nominating Lincoln as a presidential candidate

"Thus, fellow citizens, have I pointed out what I thought necessary to be amended in our Federal Constitution. I beg you to call to mind our glorious Declaration of Independence, read it, and compare it with the Federal Constitution; what a degree of apostacy will you not then discover. Therefore, guard against all encroachments upon your liberties so dearly purchased with the costly expense of blood and treasure." A Georgian, Gazette of the State of Georgia, November 15, 1787 What is the excerpt calling for?

the addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted

The change depicted on the maps most directly contributed to which of the following?

the balance of free and slave states in the United States

"Art. 1: Henceforth all hostilities shall cease; peace is hereby established, and shall be perpetual; and a friendly intercourse shall take place between the said United States and Indian tribes . . . . And in consideration of the peace now established . . . the said Indian tribes do hereby cede and relinquish forever, all their claims to the lands lying eastwardly and southwardly of the general boundary line now described: . . . ." -Source: Treaty of Greenville, 1795 The treaty expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to debates in the United States about which of the following?

the belief in the right of Americans to continue to expand westward

For all men being originally equals, no one by birth could have a right to set up his own family in perpetual preference to all others for ever, and tho' himself might deserve some decent degree of honours of his contemporaries, yet his descendants might be far too unworthy to inherit them." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 The excerpt above contributed most directly to which of the following developments?

the colonists belief in the superiority of a republican form of government.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." -Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments?

the colonists' belief in the superiority of republican government based on the natural rights of the people

"It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself." -Source: The Federalist Papers, No. 51, 1788 The ideas about government expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following?

the concept of checks and balances

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "Their Highnesses can see that I will give them however much gold they need with what little aid they give me now: spices and cotton as much as they call for . . . and slaves as many as they order to be shipped. . . . Therefore, since our Redeemer has given this victory to our illustrious King and Queen and to their famously successful reigns, all Christians should rejoice, hold grand celebrations, and with solemn prayers give thanks to the Holy Trinity for the exaltation of turning so many peoples to our Holy Faith." -Source: Christopher Columbus, Letter to Luis de Santangel, Official Notary for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, 1493 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

the desire of European nations to find new sources of wealth in the Americas.

( pictures of the different family that is mixed with different race) Examine the image and answer the question below.

the development of a race-based caste system

"I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land can never be purged away but with blood. I had, as I now think, vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed, it might be done." -Source: Last written words before Brown's execution, 1859 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

the growing willingness of abolitionists to resort to violence

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it," -Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

the influence of the Enlightenment on American colonists

"The Americans are as well placed as possible; army, fleet, provisions, courage, everything is excellent; but without powder and engineers how can they conquer or how even can they defend themselves? Are we willing to let them perish rather than loan them one or two millions? Are we afraid of losing the money?" -Source: Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, letter to the King of France, 1776 The ideas in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following?

the provision of foreign aid and resources for American troops

"I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved -- I do not expect the house to fall -- but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. "Either the opponents of slavery, will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new -- North as well as South. . . . Let any one who doubts, carefully contemplate that now almost complete legal combination -- piece of machinery so to speak -- compounded of the Nebraska doctrine, and the Dred Scott decision." -Source: Abraham Lincoln, "House Divided" speech, 1858 The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical developments?

the renewed question of slavery's expansion into territories north of the Missouri Compromise line

Read the passage below and answer the following question. "The American Revolution launched an idea of popular sovereignty that, together with the cost of the war, helped to provoke the downfall of the French monarchy. The French Revolution, dramatic as was its influence on the Old World, also became a fundamental event in the New World because it was eventually to challenge slavery as well as royal power." Robin Blackburn, historian, "Haiti, Slavery, and the Age of the Democratic Revolution", William and Mary Quarterly, 2006 Which of the following was the most significant impact of the American and French Revolutions described in the excerpt?

the revolutions inspired future independence movements in the Caribbean and latin America

-Source: "The Drunkards Progress. From the First Glass to the Grave. Which of the following sentences best describes the purpose of this etching?

to depict drunkenness as a sin, encouraging people to stop drinking alcohol

Which of the following statements best explains the reason that the British government passed the Proclamation of 1763?

to reduce conflicts between the American colonists and indigenous people

"[In Virginia] the Negroes live in small cottages called quarters . . . under the direction of an overseer, who takes care that they tend such land as the owner allots and orders. . . . Their greatest hardship [is] consisting in that they and their posterity are not at their own liberty or disposal, but the property of their owners. . . . The children belong to the master of the woman that bears them. . . . "[The] abundance of [the] English entertain . . . that they are all fools and beggars that live in any [other] country but theirs. This home fondness has been very prejudicial [harmful] to the common sort of English, and has in a great measure [slowed] the plantations from being stocked with such inhabitants as are skillful, industrious, and laborious. . . . "These [English] servants are but an insignificant number, when compared with the vast shoals [mass] of Negroes who are employed as slaves there to do the hardest and most part of the work." Hugh Jones, The Present State of Virginia, 1724 The labor system described in the first paragraph of the excerpt was most similar to the labor system used for

producing sugar in the Caribbean

"In debate, Democrats and Whigs alike employed the rhetoric of American republicanism, invoking popular 'virtue' against 'corruption,' though Democrats used it to denounce the money power and Whigs to denounce executive usurpation. Democrats more often looked to invoke Lockean natural rights; Whigs, Anglo-American traditions of resistance to monarchical misrule." -Source: Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, 2007 The patterns described in the excerpt most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments?

the growth in sectional differences between the two parties, eventually leading to the Civil War

Analyze the graph and answer the question below. Enslaved laborers transported to the Western Hemisphere, 1450-(four-bar graph of increasing) 1900Enslaved migrants (in millions) The overall trend from 1601 to 1800 depicted in the graph resulted from which of the following?

the growth of plantation agriculture in the Americas

Read the passage and answer the question below. "Whereas some doubts have arisen whether children produced by any Englishman and a negro woman should be slave or free, be it therefore enacted and declared by this present grand assembly, that all children borne in this country shall be held bond, or free only according to the condition of the mother. And if any Christian shall commit fornication with a negro man or woman, he or she so offending shall pay double the fines imposed by the former act." -Source: Virginia slave law passed by the House of Burgesses in December 1662 Which of the following developments in the colonial era best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the slave law above?

the idea that the condition of slavery passed down to the child through the mother

The Mayflower Compact can be best described as a(n)

Promising step toward genuine self government

Refer to the following excerpt from a letter written by Benjamin Rush, who signed the Declaration of Independence: "There is nothing more common than to confound the terms of the American Revolution with those of the late American war. The American war is over: but this is far from being the case with the American Revolution. On the contrary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed. It remains yet to establish and perfect our new forms of government; and to prepare the principles, morals, and manners of our citizens, for these forms of government, after they are established and brought to perfection." What position did Anti-Federalists take on the Bill of Rights?

The Bill of Rights was necessary to keep the federal government from gaining too much power.

Which of the following is the false concept, which held that the Spanish conquerors merely tortured and butchered the Indians, stole their gold, infected them with smallpox and left little but misery behind?

The Black Legend

Read the passage below and answer the question. "Colón [Columbus] and his crew did not voyage alone. They were accompanied by a menagerie of insects, plants, mammals, and microorganisms . . . European expeditions brought cattle, sheep, and horses, along with crops like sugarcane (originally from New Guinea), wheat (from the Middle East), bananas (from Africa), and coffee (also from Africa) . . . " -From Charles C. Mann, historian, 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, 2011. Which of the following processes is Mann describing?

The Columbian Exchange

Read the passage and answer the question below. "I reckon it was hot, 'cause in less than two days, 21 white men, women, and children, and 44 Negroes, was slain. My granddaddy say that in the woods and at Stono, where the war start, there was more than 100 Negroes in line. When the militia come in sight of them at Combahee swamp, the drinking, dancing Negroes scatter in the brush and only 44 stand their ground. Commander Cato speak for the crowd. He say: 'We don't like slavery. We start to join the Spanish in Florida. We surrender but we not whipped yet and we is not converted.' The other 43 say: 'Amen.' They was taken, unarmed, and hanged by the militia." -Source: George Cato, account of the Stono Rebellion in 1739 Which of the following best represents the historical consequences of the account recited in the above excerpt?

A series of black codes led to greater oppression among slaves.

"We must be knit together in this work as one man, we must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities for the supply of others' necessities. We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor, and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body." John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity, 1630 The views expressed in the excerpt are best seen as evidence of which of the following in New England society?

A tradition of democratic self-government in the American colonies

Read the passage below and answer the question. You shall know that our Colonie consisteth now of seven hundred men at least, of sundry arts and professions, some more or less, they stand in health, and few sick. . . . The Colony is . . . strong and defensible by nature, a good air, wholesome and clear . . . with fresh and plenty of water springs, much fair and open grounds freed from woods, and wood enough at hand. . . From "The New Life of Virginia," a tract published in 1612 by the Virginia Company advertising the benefits of the colony. What was the original intention of the Virginia Company in founding the colony of Jamestown in 1607?

Acquiring raw materials like lumber to increase profits and investments among joint stock companies.

Federal funding for infrastructure improvements, 1820-1840 1820 1830 1840 Northeast $0.8 million $6.0 million $8.4 million West N/A $1.0 million $4.7 million South $0.3 million $0.5 million $1.2 million -Source: Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970 Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data in the table?

The Northeast received more funds for internal improvements than the South.

Which one of the following was NOT an abolitionist?

Andrew Jackson

The engraving above is most likely depicting which of the following regions?

Caribbean territories

Which of the following best describes the most immediate impact of the Proclamation of 1763 on the British North American colonies?

Colonists disobeyed the Proclamation of 1763, moving westward past the Appalachian Mountains.

Read the passage and answer the question below. "By virtue of the said ransom, let ships go there and bring away as many male and female Negroes as possible, newly imported and between the ages of fifteen to eighteen or twenty years. . . .The burden of work of the Indians will be eased and unlimited amounts of gold will be mined. This is the best land in the world for Negroes, women and old men, and it is very rarely that one of these people die." -Source: Alonso de Zuazo, Spanish colonial judge, 1518 Which of the following contributed most to the increasing use of African slave labor instead of Native American labor in colonial Spain?

Enslaved Africans were immune to most diseases spread by the Spanish, while indigenous people were not.

VALUE OF SELECTED GOODS EXPORTED TO BRITISH NORTH AMERICA FROM ENGLAND £ = British pounds, a form of currency Good. 1699. 1749 Wool textiles. £95,200. £359,700 Linen textiles £11,300 £115,600 Leather. £14,200 £12,100 Iron £25,300 £110,000 Other manufacturers £79,500. £125,400 Cheese and food stuffs. £2,300. £5,400 Which of the following describes a trend in exports from England to British North America between 1699 and 1749 indicated in the table?

Demand in the colonies for manufactured goods from England greatly increased.

In the decade following the publication of the image in #4 question, which of the following groups expressed the most opposition to the exercise of power by the national government?

Democratic-Republicans

The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT

Developing better relations with Native Americans to expand westward trade routes

Shays' Rebellion reflected which of the following tensions in United States society during the 1780s?

Economic frustration of New England farmers who had trouble paying debts in hard currency

Read the passage and answer the question below. "By virtue of the said ransom, let ships go there and bring away as many male and female Negroes as possible, newly imported and between the ages of fifteen to eighteen or twenty years. . . .The burden of work of the Indians will be eased and unlimited amounts of gold will be mined. This is the best land in the world for Negroes, women and old men, and it is very rarely that one of these people die." -Source: Alonso de Zuazo, Spanish colonial judge, 1518 Which of the following contributed most to the increasing use of African slave labor instead of Native American labor in colonial Spain?

Enslaved Africans were immune to most diseases spread by the Spanish, while indigenous people were not

Read the passage below and answer the question. "Colón [Columbus] and his crew did not voyage alone. They were accompanied by a menagerie of insects, plants, mammals, and microorganisms . . . European expeditions brought cattle, sheep, and horses, along with crops like sugarcane (originally from New Guinea), wheat (from the Middle East), bananas (from Africa), and coffee (also from Africa) . . . " -From Charles C. Mann, historian, 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, 2011. Which of the following economic shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?

European economies shifted from a feudal economy to a capitalist economy

Pic of bible -Source: Bible translated into the language of the indigenous Massachusett people, published by John Eliot, 1663 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

European efforts to educate natives on Christian principles

"If the States may tax one instrument, employed by the government in the execution of its powers, they may tax any and every other instrument. They may tax the mail; they may tax the mint; they may tax patent rights; they may tax the papers of the custom-house; they may tax judicial process; they may tax all the means employed by the government, to an excess which would defeat all the ends of government. This was not intended by the American people. They did not design to make their government dependent on the States. . ." -Source: Chief Justice John Marshall, opinion of the Court in McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 Which of the following statements best summarizes the Court's ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland?

Federal laws have supremacy over state laws.

"Let us, then, with courage and confidence, pursue our own Federal and [Democratic-] Republican principles, our attachment to union and representative government. Kindly separated by nature and a wide ocean from the exterminating havoc of one quarter of the globe; too high-minded to endure the degradations of the others; possessing a chosen country, with room enough for our descendants. -President Thomas Jefferson, first inaugural address, 1801 Which of the following best describes the political situation in which Jefferson gave the address in the excerpt?

Federalists sought compromise with Democratic-Republican politicians.

Read the passage and answer the question below. "This is the Country, which the French have many Years envied us, and which they have been long meditating to make themselves Masters of: They are at length come to a Resolution to attack us. . . in one of the best of those Colonies, Virginia; and in that part of it which lies on the River Ohio. . . . The French however if they find their Way to the Coast of Virginia, will easily over-run the provinces, because each Province considers itself as independence of the Rest, and the Invaders from Canada all act under one Governor; to unite 13 Provinces which fill an Extent of 1600 Miles is not easy . . . Canada must be subdued." The Maryland Gazette, 1755 The excerpt is describing which of the following conflicts in the 1700s?

French and Indian War

Which of the following statements explains why the French allied themselves with Native Americans?

French colonists were looking to establish fur-trading practices with Native Americans

"His Brittanic Majesty acknowledges the said United States . . . to be free, sovereign and independent States; that he treats with them as such; and for himself his heirs and successors, relinquishes all claims to the gouvernment, propriety and territorial rights of the same, and every part thereof. . . ." -Source: Treaty of Paris, 1783 What role did George Washington play in the events referenced by the text?

His military leadership forced the British to surrender

Read the passage below and answer the following question. "Be it enacted and it is hereby enacted by the Representatives of the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. . . That all persons, as well negroes and mulattoes as others who shall be born within this state, from and after the passing of this act, shall not be deemed and considered as servants for life or slaves; and that all servitude for life or slavery of children in consequence of the slavery of their mothers, in the case of all children born within this state from and after the passing of this act as aforesaid, shall be and hereby is utterly taken away, extinguished and forever abolished." Pennsylvania Act, 1780 The law above emerged most directly from the context of which of the following?

Increased awareness of inequalities in society during and after the American Revolution

Read the passage below and answer the question. The founders of Virginia, having discovered in tobacco a substitute for the sugar of the West Indies and the silver of Peru, still felt the lack of native labor force with which to exploit the new crop. At first they turned to their own overpopulated country for labor, but English indentured servants . . . when their terms of servitude expired . . . struck out for themselves and joined the ranks of those demanding rather than supplying labor. But there was a way out. The Spanish and Portuguese had already demonstrated what could be done in the New World when a local labor force became inadequate: they brought in natives of Africa. From Edmund S. Morgan, historian, The Labor Problem at Jamestown, 1607-18, 1971. Morgan describes how, over time, planters came to use enslaved Africans instead of indentured servants as laborers. Why did Virginia planters originally prefer indentured servants to slaves?

Indentured servants were less expensive than slaves, and planters got land for each servant they brought from England

Read the passage and answer the question below. "Around 7,000 years ago, agriculture emerged in Mesoamerica, including the domestication of maize, beans, and squash, causing major changes in the plants that people cultivated. Three sisters agriculture had spread across Mexico by 3,500 years ago, though they originated at different times." -Source: Amanda J. Landon, anthropologist, "The 'How' of the Three Sisters," 2008 How did the cultivation of maize affect settlement patterns in the American Southwest and present-day Mexico?

It caused Native Americans in the area to develop permanent settlements supported by farming and irrigation systems.

Which of the following was true of the Continental Congress in its drafting of the Articles of Confederation?

It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament and the English monarchy.

-Source: Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, Wikimedia Commons (Links to an external site.), 1836 The Romantic tradition of American landscape painting helped reinforce which popular idea from the nineteenth century?

Manifest Destiny

Which Supreme Court case established the authority of judicial review?

Marbury v Madison

Which of the following most directly led to the circumstances illustrated by the image? (5 lady laying on the bed)

Native American lack of immunity to disease

"They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger. . . The millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. . . . The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable--and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come." -Source: Patrick Henry, "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death," 1775 (Links to an external site.) The point of view expressed in the quotation above is most likely that of a member of which of the following groups?

Patriot

". . . But we are assembled to protest against a form of government, existing without the consent of the governed— to declare our right to be free as man is free, to be represented in the government which we are taxed to support, to have such disgraceful laws as give man the power to chastise and imprison his wife. . . . And, strange as it may seem to many, we now demand our right to vote according to the declaration of the government under which we live." -Elizabeth Cady Stanton at the Seneca Falls Convention, "Declaration of Sentiments," 1848 The language and themes of the excerpt were most directly inspired by which of the following foundational documents?

The Declaration of Independence

Examine the table and answer the question below. ColonyEuropean inhabitants by the year 1660New Netherland5,000New France3,000Chesapeake Bay25,000New England33,000 From Alan Taylor, American Colonies (New York: Penguin Books, 2001). Which of the following statements explains a major difference in settlement patterns between French and English colonies in the 1600s?

The French and Dutch sent less settlers because they were not focused on creating permanent settlements

"This emigration would be voluntary, for it would be as cruel and unjust to compel the aborigines to abandon the graves of their fathers and seek a home in a distant land. But they should be distinctly informed that if they remain within the limits of the States they must be subject to their laws. . ." -Source: Andrew Jackson, Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1829 The ideas expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following?

The Indian Removal Act

"In terms of international power politics, the Monroe Doctrine represented the moment when the United States felt strong enough to assert a 'sphere of influence' that other powers must respect. In terms of national psychology, the Monroe Doctrine marked the moment when Americans no longer faced eastward across the Atlantic and turned to face westward across the continent. The changed orientation was reflected in domestic political alignments." -Source: Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, 2007 Which of the following historical events best illustrates the general argument in the excerpt about how Americans "turned to face westward across the continent"?

The Mexican-American War

"[T]his momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it, at once as the [death] knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived, and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper." -Thomas Jefferson, in a letter to John Randolph, 1820 The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical events?

The Missouri Compromise

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "Their Highnesses can see that I will give them however much gold they need with what little aid they give me now: spices and cotton as much as they call for . . . and slaves as many as they order to be shipped. . . . Therefore, since our Redeemer has given this victory to our illustrious King and Queen and to their famously successful reigns, all Christians should rejoice, hold grand celebrations, and with solemn prayers give thanks to the Holy Trinity for the exaltation of turning so many peoples to our Holy Faith." -Source: Christopher Columbus, Letter to Luis de Santangel, Official Notary for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, 1493 What argument in the excerpt above was made to support Spanish exploration?

The Spanish empire had an obligation to spread Christianity around the world.

Use the table below to answer the question. BRITISH NATIONAL DEBT, 1739-1775 (£ Sterling)YearNational Debt 1739 46,954,623 1748 78,293,313 1755 74,571,849 1762 146,682,844 1775 135,943,051 -Source: Sir John Sinclair, historian, The History of the Public Revenue of the British Empire, 1966 Which of the following pieces of legislation passed after 1762 as a reaction to the changes illustrated in the chart?

The Townshend Acts

Read the passage and answer the question below. ". . . from thenceforward, no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands. . . in any other. . . ships or . . . vessels whatsoever, but in such ships or vessels as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England . . . or are built of and belonging to any the lands and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners at least are English." -Navigation Acts, September 1660 Which of the following developments in the 17th and 18th centuries best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the passage?

The development of a mercantilist system enabled Britain to receive raw materials from the colonies

The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . to consult together, upon the duty of making more united, systematic, and extended efforts for the prevention of this evil. Its cause was at once seen to be, the use of intoxicating liquor; and its appropriate remedy, abstinence. It was also known, that the use of such liquor, as a beverage, is not only needless, but injurious to the health, the virtue, and the happiness of men. It was believed, that the facts which had been . . . collected would prove this . . . ; and that if the knowledge of them were universally disseminated it would, with the divine blessing, do much toward changing the habits of the nation. . . . [The American Temperance Society's] object is . . . the exertion of kind moral influence . . . to effect such a change of sentiment and practice, that drunkenness and all its evils will cease." Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 The sentiments described in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments?

The emergence of reform movements during the Second Great Awakening

Read the passage and answer the question below. "When I heard that Mr. Whitefield was coming to preach in Middletown, I was in my field at work. I dropped my tool and ran home to my wife and told her to hurry. My wife and I rode my horse as fast as I thought the horse could bear . . . When we got to the meeting house there were three or four thousand people assembled . . . When I saw Mr. Whitfield he looked almost angelic . . . And hearing how God was with him everywhere put me into a trembling fear. I saw that my righteousness would not save me . . ." -Nathan Cole, a farmer from Middletown, Connecticut recounting his experience hearing George Whitefield preach in 1741. A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

The emergence of the First Great Awakening

Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the views expressed in the excerpt from Question number 1?

The fear of excessive centralized authority

"I . . . longed to see and hear him, and wished he would come this way. And I soon heard he was [to] come to New York and [New Jersey] and great multitudes [began] flocking after him under great concern for their souls which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him. . . . "Then one morning all of a sudden, about 8 or 9 o'clock there came a messenger and said Mr. Whitefield . . . is to preach at Middletown this morning. . . . I was in my field at work. I dropped my tool that I had in my hand and ran home and . . . bade my wife get ready quick to go and hear Mr. Whitefield preach at Middletown, and [ran] to my pasture for my horse with all my might, fearing that I should be too late to hear him. ". . . . When we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4,000 . . . people assembled together. . . . "When I saw Mr. Whitefield . . . he looked almost angelical . . . and my hearing how God was with him everywhere as he came along it solemnized my mind, and put me into a trembling fear before he began to preach . . . and my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me. . . ." Nathan Cole, farmer, describing going to hear Reverend George Whitefield preach in Middletown, Connecticut, 1740 The events described in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments?

The spread of the First Great Awakening from Britain to North America

What was important about the development of vessels such as the one depicted above?

They allowed the Spanish and Portuguese to sail across the Atlantic and not just along the coastlines of Africa.

Read the passage and answer the question below. ". . . from thence forward, no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands. . . in any other. . . ships or . . . vessels whatsoever, but in such ships or vessels as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England . . . or are built of and belonging to any the lands and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners at least are English." -Navigation Acts, September 1660 Which of the following accurately describes the purpose of the excerpt above?

To further the economic theory of mercantilism by sending raw materials to Britain

All of the following exemplify acts of rebellion between European nations and groups viewed as inferior EXCEPT:

Triangle Trade

"All male white inhabitants, of the age of twenty-one years, and possessed in his own right of ten pounds value, and liable to pay tax in this State, or being of any mechanic trade, and shall have been resident six months in this State, shall have a right to vote at all elections for representatives, or any other officers, herein agreed to be chosen by the people at large; and every person having a right to vote at any election shall vote by ballot personally. . . ." -Source: Georgia State Constitution, 1777 According to the excerpt, which of the following was a qualification for voting?

Voters had to own property.

"Religious identity . . . allowed women to assert themselves, both in private and in public ways. It enabled them to rely on an authority beyond the world of men. . . . In contrast to the self-abnegation required of women in their domestic vocation, religious commitment required attention to one's own thoughts, actions, and prospects. . . . No other avenue of self-expression besides religion at once offered women social approbation, the encouragement of male leaders (ministers), and, most important, the community of their peers." -Source: Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood: "Woman's Sphere" in New England, 1780-1835, 1977 Which of the following cultural and social shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?

a rise of reform movements, like the temperance movement and the abolitionist movement

Which of the following developments most directly relates to the overall trend from 1800 to 1840 depicted on the graph?

agricultural methods became more efficient during the Market Revolution

The opinion expressed in the excerpt from Question number one would most likely have been held by

an Anti-Federalist

Read the passage below and answer the question. "Wherefore . . . you have purposed with the favor of divine clemency to bring under your sway the said mainlands and islands with their residents and inhabitants and to bring them to the Catholic faith. Hence . . . [we] give, grant, and assign to you and your heirs and successors, kings of Castile and Leon . . . all islands and mainlands found and to be found, discovered and to be discovered towards the west and south, by drawing and establishing a line from the Arctic pole, namely the north, to the Antarctic pole, namely the south . . . " -Source: Pope Alexander VI's Demarcation Bull, May 4, 1493 In addition to the reason discussed in the passage above, which of the following was a reason for Spanish colonization in the Americas?

increasing the wealth of Spain by extracting natural resources from the Americas.

"But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families. . . . Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America. This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe. Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still." Thomas Paine's Common Sense Paine's rhetoric in the excerpt would have most likely been interpreted at the time as promoting the

independence of the American colonies

The Federalist papers were written in order to

attain ratification of the Constitution

The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to

avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians

"If your majesty has no more skillful man to employ, I am ready to take the matter in charge and will be responsible for the treaty without compromising anyone persuaded that my zeal will better supplement my lack of dexterity than the dexterity of another could replace my zeal. The Americans are as well placed as possible; army, fleet, provisions, courage, everything is excellent; but without powder and engineers how can they conquer or how even can they defend themselves? Are we willing to let them perish rather than loan them one or two millions? Are we afraid of losing the money?" -Source: Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, letter to the King of France, 1776 The excerpt was most likely intended to do which of the following?

convince the French monarchy to help the Patriots in the American Revolution

The Proclamation Line of 1763 was designed to

limit western expansion of colonial settlement

North American Native tribes

were greatly varied in lifestyle and economic systems.

Read the passage below and answer the following question. ". . .From the numerous avocations to which a professional life exposes gentlemen in America from their families, a principal share of the instruction of children naturally devolves upon the women. It becomes us therefore to prepare them, by a suitable education, for the discharge of this most important duty of mothers. . . . The equal share that every citizen has in liberty and the possible share he may have in the government of our country make it necessary that our ladies should be qualified to a certain degree, by a peculiar and suitable education, to concur in instructing their sons in the principles of liberty and government." Benjamin Rush, Thoughts upon Female Education, 1787 The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following?

women should be responsible for teaching Republican values to their families particularly their sons

"The question before us is the right of suffrage— who shall or who shall not have the right to vote. " -Nathan Sanford, excerpt from the Report of the Debates and Proceedings of the Convention of the State of New York (Links to an external site.), 1821 Which of the following movements expressed ideas most similar to the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

women's rights movement