AIS Chapter 3

Which of the following cardinality symbols (placed on the association between two classes/entities) is the equivalent of the multiplicity 0..* in information engineering notation?

A circle and three crow's feet

Which of the following statements concerning this class diagram with multiplicities is not true? Order: 0..* 1..1: customer

A customer can place only one order.

Which of the following best describes the meaning of this diagram? Sale ||. o<- Cash receipt

All sales must have cash receipts.

Which of the following is an example of an obligatory business rule?

Both "Customers must provide a valid credit card number" and "Customers must enter a shipping address" are obligatory business rules.

Criteria for selection of primary keys include which of the following?

Does not change over time Cannot be blank Preferable uses sequential values

Match the description with the form of business rule.

Obligatory <---> states what should occur Prohibited <---> states what should not occur Allowed <---> states what should occur under what conditions

Which of the following are valid business rules?

Payment may be made by credit card Payment cannot be made by check Payment may be made by credit card if the card is American Express

Which of the following are valid obligatory business rules?

Payment must be made in cash Payments must be recorded by the cashier

Business rules can be enforced using which of the following enforcement levels?

Pre-override Strict enforcement Post-override

Business rules are valuable because of which of the following?

Reveal unnecessary constraints Limit options Make modeling easier

Structure models should be able to describe all except:

Sequence of activities

Which of the following would NOT be part of a decision table?

Set of decisions Reason: A decision table produces one decision

ERD is short for entity-relationship diagram. Which of the following is true about ERDs?

Similar to UML class diagrams Originally proposed by Peter Chen Graphic representation of logical data structure

Using the diagram, select the answers that are true about the cardinalities described in information engineering notation.

Songs have one singer Singers sing many songs

Aggregation relationships include which of the following examples?

Stocks in a stock index Players on a team Teams in a league

Which of the following statements is true about the following class diagram? Inventory 1..* 0..* Sale

"A sale can involve zero inventory items" and "A sale can involve many inventory items" are true.

Which of the following are true about the purpose of structure models?

- Tools for planning - Tools for documenting - Tools for implementing databases

Match the UML class diagram multiplicity options with the corresponding ERD cardinality options.

0..1 <---> (0,1) 0..* <---> (0,N) 1..1 <---> (1,1) 1..* <---> (1,N)

Match the described situation with the correct multiplicity.

0..1 or 0..* <---> participation is optional 1..1 or 1..* <---> participation is mandatory 0..* or 1..* <---> maximum is more than one 0..1 or 1..1 <---, maximum is one

Specify the order of the steps in mapping a UML class diagram to a relational database schema by matching the step to the order number.

1 <---> map classes to tables 2 <---> map class attributes to table fields 3 <---> map associations to foreign keys 4 <---> create new tables for many-to-many relationships

Class diagrams are similar to _____.

entity relationship diagrams

True or false: A many-to-many relationship between classes A and B (where the maximum multiplicity on both sides of the association is *) is implemented by posting foreign keys in both A and B.

false

True or false: Composition relationships are a form of generalization relationships.

false

True or false: generalization relationships allow grouping of things with varied characteristics.

false

A __________ key is an attribute or combination of attributes that allows relational tables to be linked together.

foreign

An attribute that allows tables to be linked together is called a(n)

foreign key

A model of logical database structures must be able to describe all of the following except

keys

An ERD is a graphical representation of the __________ data structure of a database.

logical

The first step in mapping a ULM class diagram to a relational database schema is

map classes to tables.

Valid multiplicity options are shown in which of the following?

minimum zero and maximum one (0..1) minimum zero and maximum many (0..asterisk)

Multiplicities describe the __________ and __________ number of times that instances of one class can be associated with instances of another class.

minimum, maximum

Business rules can inhibit process improvements when they are tied to __________ technology.

outdated

An attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies each instance in a class (or row in a table) is a __________ key.

primary

Which of the following symbols is used to represent a class in a UML class diagram?

rectangle

Best practices in preparation of UML diagrams suggests that classes should be linked only when there is a clear business purpose for that __________ .

relationship

Generalization __________ allow groupings of things that share common characteristics.

relationships

When employees have different responsibilities, such as when employees work on a project and one employee supervises the project, those __________ can be modeled with multiple associations between the employee class and the linked class.

roles, relationships, or role

Classes in UML are implemented as tables in a relational database and individual instances of the class are implemented as __________ in the table.

rows

A class is any separately identifiable collection of objects about which the organization wants to collect and _____________ information.

store

True or false: A list of tables associated with a UML class diagram would include attributes, primary keys, and any foreign keys for each table.

true

True or false: Class diagrams are one type of UML diagram.

true

True or false: Constraints on an association can be modeled with a text statement of the constraint near the constrained end of the association.

true

True or false: decision tables can include multiple business rules.

true

What is the minimum cardinality in an ERD if the relationship is optional?

zero

Which of the following things can be represented by classes on a UML class diagram?

Assets, people

In this diagram, which of the following statements (the number of times instances of one class can be associated with instances of another class) are likely true?

Autos may be serviced by many dealers A person may own many autos An auto is licensed in one state

Classes A and B are linked. The multiplicities on the association next to A are 1..1 and next to B are 0..*. In this case, post the foreign key in class __________ .

B

Which of the following are examples of associations between classes in UML.

Customers "participate" in sales Instructors "teach" classes Employees "work for" supervisors

Which of the following best describes the meaning of this UML class diagram? New Car Inventory 1..1 0..1 Sale

Each new car can be sold once.

Which of the following are true about business rules?

Establish multiplicities Influence model structure Written in text Set criteria for branching

True or false: The organization that maintains the standard for Business Rules is the object management system.

False

True or false: The specification for UML (unified modeling language) is maintained by the Object Management Guild.

False. Object Management GROUP not guild.

Which of the following is not a basic step in modeling process decision requirements?

Identify process steps.

The __________ ___________ __________ (OMG) published a standard to formalize the statement of business rules, titled "Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules."

Object Management Group

Which of the following statements is true about a list of tables based on a UML class diagram and associated attributes?

The table name should be the same as the class name Every table should have a primary key identified The list should contain at least as many tables as classes on the UML diagram

Classes A and B are linked. The multiplicities on the association next to A are 1..* and next to B are 0..1. In this case, post the foreign key in class __________.

a

A depiction of the relationship between two classes is a(n) _____.

association

An __________ depicts the relationship between two classes in UML.

association

The relationship between two classes is depicted by a(n):

association

Data elements which describe the instances in a class are called

attributes

A primary key field cannot

be null

A class diagram serves as the _____ from which the database is implemented.

blueprint

A class diagram serves as the __________ from which the database is built.

blueprint, plan, or model

A _____ rule establishes multiplicities in class models and set criteria for branching in activity models.

business

A constraint can be modeled in each of the following ways:

by placement with notes

A __________ is an object which is implemented as a table in a relational database.

class

A separately identifiable collection of things about which the organization wants to collect and store information is a _____.

class

Attributes are data elements that describe instances in a __________.

class

Best practices in preparation of UML diagrams include the use of common terminology in the organization for __________ names.

class

Match the UML class diagram element to the corresponding entity-relationship diagram element.

class <---> entity association <---> relationship multiplicities <---> cardinalities

Match the symbol with the thing that the symbol represents in UML.

classes <--->rectangles associations<--->lines

The Object Management Group is a consortium of __________ industry members.

computer

A business rule is a statement of a _____ on a business process.

constraint

A business rule is a succinct statement of a __________ on a business process.

constraint

Structure models describe the __________ and __________ structure of a business process or processes.

data, information

An entity is represented by the __________ symbol in an ERD.

rectangle

The symbol used to represent a class is the _____.

rectangle

When employees have different responsibilities, those ______ can be modeled with multiple associations between the employee class and the linked class.

roles

Individual instances of objects are represented as _____ in a table.

rows

Which of the following is not a general category of operational decision?

Accumulation

__________ relationships describe classes that are often considered together.

Aggregation

Refer to this diagram to answer questions 11 through 20. Stock Exchanges

Both "Stocks are traded in a minimum of zero exchanges" and "Stocks are traded in a maximum of many exchanges" are correct. Both "Each exchange trades at least one stock" and "Each exchange trades a maximum of many stocks" are correct. The association between Stocks and Stock Exchanges is implemented as a linking table. Both "Each transaction involves at least one stock" and "Each transaction involves only one stock" are correct. Each stock is bought/sold a maximum of many times. The primary key of Stocks is a foreign key in Buy/Sell Transactions. Both "Each Broker is involved in many Buy/Sell Transactions" and "Each Broker is involved in a minimum of zero Buy/Sell Transactions" are correct. Each Buy/Sell Transaction involves one Broker. The primary key of Brokers is a foreign key in Buy/Sell Transactions. None of these are true.

How is a many-to-many relationship implemented in a relational database?

By creating a new table with primary keys of both tables.

Which of the following is true about primary keys?

Cannot be blank (null) Uniquely identifies instances of a class Should be controlled by the assigning organization

Which of the following is a composition relationship?

Chapters in a book

Contrast the UML class diagrams with the entity-relationship diagrams shown in Appendix A. Which of the following pairs are not equivalent?

Class and Relationship