FINAL EXAM

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: In which area of the graph do you see a sudden rush of sodium ions into the neuron? 1 2 3 4

2

Figure 6-1 The Structure of Compact Bone Use Figure 6-1 to answer the following questions: Which structure is called an osteon? 1 2 3 4 5

2

Which structure contains the motor end plate? 5 3 8 1 2

2

The skull contains ________ bones. 42 12 22 32 27

22

________ hormones stimulate osteoblasts to produce bone matrix. Growth Thyroid Parathyroid Pancreatic Sex

Sex

Ganglionic neurons innervate all of the following except cardiac muscle. skeletal muscle. glands. adipose tissue. smooth muscle.

Skeletal Muscle

The muscle that raises the corners of the mouth as when smiling is the ________ muscle. orbicularis oculi orbicularis oris buccinator masseter zygomaticus major

zygomaticus major

Damage to which structure would lead to paralysis of limbs? 11 2 9 7 1

2

Ependymal cells are most likely found at which structure? 2 3 10 9 7

2

In which of the following would the rate of impulse conduction be the greatest? a myelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter a nonmyelinated fiber of 20-µm diameter a myelinated fiber of 1-µm diameter a nonmyelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter It would be the same in all because of the all-or-none principle.

a myelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter

The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes embryology. histology. physiology. anatomy. exfoliative cytology

exfoliative cytology

Regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the ________ matter. white neural gray ganglion brain

white

The femur can withstand ________ times the body's weight without breaking. 10 to 15 5 to 10 8 30 3

10 to 15

Humans normally have ________ pairs of ribs. 6 2 12 24 10

12

Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure where ATP is produced. 6 1 2 7 3

1

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: Which area of the graph shows when chemically gated sodium channels are open? 5 1 4 2 3

1

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions: Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards? 1 2 3 4 5

1

The three categories of connective tissues are 1)glandular connective tissue, exocrine connective tissue, and endocrine connective tissue. 2)connective tissue proper, cartilage connective tissue, and bone connective tissue. 3)areolar connective tissue, adipose connective tissue, and dense connective tissue. 4)epithelial connective tissue, muscle connective tissue, and neural connective tissue. 5)connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue

5)connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue

Superior view of the bones of the right ankle and foot. Figure 8-4 Bones of the Ankle and Foot Use Figure 8-4 to answer the following questions: Identify the bone labeled "4." 5th distal phalanx 1st middle phalanx 1st distal phalanx 5th proximal phalanx 5th middle phalanx

5th proximal phalanx

Figure 8-3 The Femur Use Figure 8-3 to answer the following questions: Identify the diaphysis of the femur. 1 7 5 2 3

7

The knee joint is stabilized by ________ major ligaments. 11 7 3 5 9

7

The hand has ________ bones in the wrist and ________ bones in the palm. 4; 5 10; 5 8; 4 5; 5 8; 5

8;5

A muscle that assists another by preventing movement at another joint is called a(n) antagonist. synergist. fixator. agonist. prime mover.

?

Figure 8-2 The Humerus Use Figure 8-2 to answer the following questions: Upon which structure does the radius articulate? 1 2 3 4 5

?

The ________ extends the neck. spinalis thoracis splenius capitis trapezius splenius splenius cervicis

?

The region of the sarcomere containing the thick filaments is the Z line. A band. M line. I band. H band.

A band

Joints can be classified structurally as bony. fibrous. cartilaginous. synovial. All of the answers are correct.

ALL

Which of the following neurotransmitters are known to bind to G-protein coupled receptors? epinephrine serotonin dopamine GABA All of these bind to G-protein coupled receptors.

ALL

Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged? The matrix begins to break down. The exposed surface appears rough. Friction in the joint increases. Normal synovial joint function is unable to continue. All of the answers are correct.

ALL

Which of the following statements about the coccyx is true? It is the most caudal vertebral region. It anchors a muscle that constricts the anal opening. It consists of three to five coccygeal vertebrae. Fusion is delayed until the mid-twenties. All of the answers are correct

ALL

Which of the following types of movement are not permitted at a synovial joint? eversion flexion retraction gliding They are all permitted.

ALL

Which of these muscles produces lateral rotation at the hip? gluteus maximus piriformis obturator externus obturator internus All of the answers are correct.

ALL

While standing in the anatomical position, front refers to anterior. front refers to ventral. back refers to posterior. back refers to dorsal. All of the answers are correct.

ALL

Cross bridge detachment is caused by ________ binding to the myosin head. acetylcholinesterase calcium magnesium ATP acetylcholine

ATP

Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts. physiology cytology anatomy genetics embryology

Anatomy

The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both merocrine and ________ secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells. apocrine holocrine eccrine epicrine endocrine

Apocrine

Vitamin D3 is important for proper ________ development. skin bone muscle neural vision

Bone

During appositional growth, bones grow wider. the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis. compact bone replaces spongy bone. bones grow longer. cartilage replaces bone

Bones grow wider

Skin inflammation that primarily involves the papillary layer is termed papillitis. epidermatitis. superficialis. dermatitis. melanocytis.

Dermatitis

A bent nasal septum that slows or prevents sinus drainage is known clinically as a ________ septum. deviated restrictive deviant obstructive crooked

Deviated

Which of the following is an inherited disease characterized by destruction of ACh-secreting and GABA-secreting neurons in the basal nuclei causing difficulty controlling movements? Parkinson's disease senile dementia schizophrenia Alzheimer's disease Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease

The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage. fibrous osseous ligamentous elastic hyaline

Hyaline Cartilage

Which connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum? fibrocartilage elastic cartilage hyaline cartilage dense regular connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue

Hyaline cartilage

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system. muscular skeletal endocrine integumentary immune

Integumentary System

Which of the following is true about threshold for an action potential? The membrane begins to hyperpolarize. Threshold for a typical neuron is approximately -30 mV. It is more positive than the resting membrane potential. Voltage-gated potassium channels begin to open. Voltage-gated potassium channels begin to close.

It is more positive than the resting membrane potential

Which of the following is true regarding the pineal gland? It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin. It is part of the thalamus. It is part of the hypothalamus and secretes oxytocin. It controls heart rate and blood pressure. It is part of the limbic system.

It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin.

Which of the following is not true of meningitis? Viruses can be the cause. Inflammation of the meninges occurs. It only affects spinal meninges. Bacteria can be the cause. CSF flow can be disrupted.

It only affects spinal meninges.

Which of the following statements about Marfan's syndrome is false? It results in short, stubby fingers. It results from a mutation. It affects connective tissue structures. It affects epiphyseal cartilages. It may also cause cardiovascular problems.

It results in short, stubby fingers.

Defense cells in blood are called white blood cells or immunocytes. thrombocytes. leukocytes. lymphocytes. erythrocytes.

Leukocytes

Which of the following imaging techniques causes particles within atoms to line up in uniform direction allowing the imaging of soft tissue? ultrasound PET scan CT scan MRI digital subtraction angiography

MRI

________ channels open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface. Chemically gated Voltage-gated Mechanically gated Leak Active

Mechanically gated

Endorphins can reduce perception of sensations initiated by nociceptors. mechanoreceptors. thermoreceptors. proprioceptors. chemoreceptors.

Nociceptors

The lacunae of osseous tissue contain blood cells. chondroblasts. bone marrow. capillaries. osteocytes.

Osteocytes

Action potentials from receptors involved in general sensations are interpreted in the reticular activating system. mesencephalon. primary sensory cortex. general interpretive area. premotor cortex.

Primary sensory cortex

A person lying face down is in the ________ position. prone supine ventral prostrate anatomical

Prone Position

The series of membranous channels that surround each myofibril is the sarcoplasmic reticulum. sarcomere. sarcoplasm. endomysium. sarcolemma.

Sacroplasmic Reticulum

Identify the incorrect statement about a single motor unit. Muscle fibers of one motor unit intermingle with the fibers of another motor unit. The more neurons involved, the more powerful the contraction. The smaller the number of muscle fibers, the more precise the movement. Some motor units include as many as 2000 muscle fibers. Fine motor skills depend on the development of small motor units.

The more neurons involved, the more powerful the contraction.

Which of the following is not true regarding visceral reflex arcs? The processing steps involve interneurons in the CNS. They can be short or long reflexes. Short visceral reflexes bypass the CNS. They are monosynaptic. They have the same basic components as somatic reflexes

They are monosynaptic

Sensory information from skeletal muscles travels over ________ fibers. type A type B type C type D type E

Type A

The ________ is the membrane that covers the internal organs. visceral serosa cutaneous membrane mucous membrane serous membrane parietal serosa

Visceral serosa

Jaundice is indicated by a(n) ________ skin coloration. bluish orange reddish brown yellowish

Yellowish

The anterior longitudinal ligament is a paired ligament that connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. a fibrous band that connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. a band of fibrous tissue connecting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. a longitudinal fibrous band that is attached to the tips of spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum. a wide fibrous band that connect the anterior surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies.

a wide fibrous band that connect the anterior surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies.

Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. adrenalin. serotonin. GABA. norepinephrine.

acetylcholine.

The muscle that adducts the thumb is the flexor digitorum profundus. flexor pollicis longus. abductor pollicis. adductor pollicis. extensor digitorum.

adductor pollicis.

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated afferent. autonomic. somatic. efferent. motor.

afferent

Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint? pubofemoral ligament ischiofemoral ligament ligamentum teres anterior cruciate ligament iliofemoral ligament

anterior cruciate ligament

The trabeculae of spongy bone are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis. are composed mostly of cartilage. will collapse under stress. are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone. are organized along stress lines.

are organized along stress lines.

The ability to nod "yes" is due to the articulation of which two bones? axis and occipital axis and C3 atlas and C3 atlas and occipital atlas and axis

atlas and occipital

Drugs that block nicotinic receptors would be parasympathomimetic. parasympathetic blocking agents. autonomic blocking agents. sympathetic blocking agents. sympathomimetic.

autonomic blocking agents

At the optic chiasm, the optic nerve enters the cerebellum. axons from the medial halves of each retina cross. axons from the lateral halves of each retina cross. axons from the retinae synapse on those from the other half. the olfactory nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain.

axons from the medial halves of each retina cross.

A certain drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. This drug probably binds to ________ receptors. alpha-2 adrenergic beta-1 adrenergic alpha-1 adrenergic muscarinic cholinergic nicotinic cholinergic

beta-1 adrenergic

The quadriceps group includes all of the following except the rectus femoris. biceps femoris. vastus lateralis. vastus intermedius. vastus medialis.

biceps femoris.

Accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis is/are called scars. scabs. keloids. pus. blisters.

blisters

Which of the following is not an age-related change in the skeleton? closure of the fontanels fusion of the coxal bones bone remodeling reduction in mineral content appearance of major vertebral curves

bone remodeling

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to fat. bone. neural tissue. blood. epithelium.

bone.

The normal movement of the knee joint during walking involves abduction. adduction. flexion. extension. both flexion and extension.

both flexion and extension.

Raising the potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid surrounding a nerve cell will have what effect? depolarize it hyperpolarize it increase the magnitude of the potassium equilibrium potential decrease the magnitude of the potassium equilibrium potential both hyperpolarize it and decrease the magnitude of the potassium equilibrium potential

both hyperpolarize it and decrease the magnitude of the potassium equilibrium potential

Spinal nerves are interneuronal. both sensory and motor. involuntary. purely sensory. purely motor.

both sensory and motor

If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected? judgment sleep patterns breathing coordination control of blood pressure

breathing

In response to action potentials arriving along the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases acetylcholine. calcium ions. sodium ions. hydrogen ions. potassium ions.

calcium ions

All of the following are true of neural reflexes except that they are the simplest form of behavior. involve at least two neurons. help preserve homeostasis. are automatic motor responses. cannot be modified by the brain.

cannot be modified by the brain.

Which of the following is not a tarsal bone? capitate talus cuboid navicular medial cuneiform

capitate

Which of the following is not a tarsal bone? medial cuneiform navicular cuboid capitate talus

capitate

Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate the heart pass through the cardiac plexus. celiac plexus. otic ganglia. hypogastric plexus. sphenopalatine ganglia.

cardiac plexus

The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system. autonomic afferent peripheral central somatic

central

Earwax is produced by ________ glands. apocrine sweat eccrine sweat merocrine sweat sebaceous ceruminous

ceruminous

Muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the ________ region. lumbar cervical coccygeal sacral thoracic

cervical

The common term for the buccal region is the back. waist. cheeks. buttocks. breast.

cheeks

In a ________ muscle, the fascicles are concentrically arranged around an opening. parallel pennate straight circular convergent

circular

The occipital ________ are where the occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra. processes condyles fossae tubercles foramina

condyles

Sympathetic nerves control swallowing. allow us to relax, rest, and recover. provoke feelings of sympathy. stimulate gastric secretion. contains short preganglionic fibers and longer postganglionic fibers.

contains short preganglionic fibers and longer postganglionic fibers.

A motor neuron typically receives input from neurons that originate in various areas of the brain. This type of circuit is a serial processing circuit. parallel processing circuit. reverberating circuit. divergent circuit. convergent circuit.

convergent circuit.

The condition in which distortions of the skull occur due to the premature closure of fontanelles is called anencephaly. craniostenosis. microcephaly. membranitis. epicranial block.

craniostenosis.

The hormone calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts. decrease the rate of calcium absorption. stimulate osteoclast activity. decrease the rate of calcium excretion. decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood.

decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood.

The most common type of joint inflammation is called rheumatism. degenerative joint disease. rheumatoid arthritis. osteoporosis. gouty arthritis.

degenerative joint disease.

Figure 11-2 Major Posterior Skeletal Muscles Use Figure 11-2 to answer the following questions: Identify the muscle labeled "2." rhomboid teres major deltoid trapezius sternocleidomastoid

deltoid

Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys? ultrasound MRI CT scan digital subtraction angiography PET scan

digital subtraction angiography

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "7." fourth ventricle subarachnoid space dura mater lateral ventricle filum terminale

dura mater

A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n) hypothalamus. receptor. effector. stimulus. thermoregulator.

effector

Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food? pronation circumduction flexion abduction elevation

elevation

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the endoneurium. perineurium. epineurium. metaneurium. subneurium.

endoneurium.

The lining of the medullary cavity is called the mediosteum. periosteum. endosteum. paraosteum. epiosteum.

endosteum

What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood? monocyte erythrocyte platelet leukocyte phagocyte

erythrocyte

Which lower leg bone does not carry any body weight? tibia calcaneus navicular talus fibula

fibula

Which neuron delivers sensations to the CNS? third-order fourth-order sensory receptor first-order second-order

first-order

The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the hand. hip. foot. arm. leg.

foot

A ________ is a rounded passageway for passage of blood vessels and/or nerves. sinus foramen fossa meatus cavernosa

foramen

Figure 11-2 Major Posterior Skeletal Muscles Use Figure 11-2 to answer the following questions: Identify the muscle labeled "12." soleus gastrocnemius sartorius peroneus longus tibialis posterior

gastrocnemius

A ________ potential is a depolarization of a sensory dendrite that can lead to an afferent nerve impulse if strong enough. presynaptic generator postsynaptic resting refractory

generator

Figure 8-1 The Scapula Use Figure 8-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "2." rotator cup subscapular fossa acetabulum glenoid cavity scapular cavity

glenoid cavity

The glenoid fossa is rimmed by the fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum. fovea capitis. nucleus pulposus. annulus fibrosus. menisci glenoidum.

glenoid labrum.

Figure 8-3 The Femur Use Figure 8-3 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "2." linea aspera head lesser trochanter greater trochanter lateral epicondyle

greater trochanter

A fascicle is a layer of connective tissue that separates muscle from skin. group of muscle fibers and motor neurons. group of muscle fibers that are all part of the same motor unit. group of muscle fibers that are encased in the perimysium. collection of myofibrils in a muscle fiber.

group of muscle fibers that are encased in the perimysium.

The study of tissues is called histology. cytology. toxicology. mycology. microbiology.

histology

The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow is the humero-ulnar joint. ulnar joint. radial joint. humeroradial joint. ulnaradial joint

humero-ulnar joint

An extension past the anatomical position is known as hyperextension. extension. flexion. rotation. double-jointed.

hyperextension

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected? spinal accessory trigeminal vagus hypoglossal glossopharyngeal

hypoglossal

A muscle producing almost peak tension during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation is said to be in incomplete tetanus. recruitment. complete tetanus. treppe. wave summation.

incomplete tetanus

Which of the following would be an example of higher-level control of autonomic function? gagging on food that does not appeal to you increased heart rate when you see a person you fear increased salivation when you smell food that appeals to you dilation of the pupils when you enter a dark room a violent coughing attack in response to an irritant

increased heart rate when you see a person you fear

Central adaptation refers to a change in motor receptivity of a neuron. a characteristic of phasic receptors. increases in conscious perception of a sensory stimulus. the decline in activity of peripheral receptors when stimulated. inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway.

inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway.

The ________ passes through the ________. internal jugular vein; jugular foramen optic nerve; foramen ovale internal carotid artery; jugular foramen vestibulocochlear nerve; external acoustic meatus vagus nerve; foramen magnum

internal jugular vein; jugular foramen

The most complicated spinal reflexes are called collateral reflex arcs. intersegmental reflex arcs. spinal plexuses. dermatomes. ipsilateral reflex arcs.

intersegmental reflex arcs.

Which of the following organs is described as retroperitoneal? spleen kidney large intestine urinary bladder stomach

kidney ?

Identify the structure labeled "12." lateral condyle head greater trochanter lateral epicondyle linea aspera

linea aspera

The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone. flat short irregular sesamoid long

long

Wrinkles in individuals are the result of increased production of epidermal layers. loss of elastic fibers in the reticular layer of the dermis. decreased thickness of the dermis. increased keratinization of the epidermis. the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin.

loss of elastic fibers in the reticular layer of the dermis

Motor neurons whose cell bodies are within the spinal cord are called ________ neurons. lower motor upper motor postganglionic somesthetic preganglionic

lower motor

Which tissue is correctly paired with its category of connective tissue? fat—supporting connective tissue bone—connective tissue proper tendon—supporting connective tissue lymph—fluid connective tissue cartilage—fluid connective tissue

lymph—fluid connective tissue

The upper motor neurons of the medial pathway are located within any of the following except the inferior colliculi. superior colliculi. vestibular nuclei. reticular formation. mammillary bodies.

mammillary bodies.

Your friend Greg is hit in the jaw and when looking at him, his face looks misaligned. You immediately take him to the emergency room and are not surprised to learn that he has a broken temporal bone. external auditory meatus. zygomatic bone. mandible. clavicle.

mandible

The clavicles articulate with which portion of the sternum? manubrium xiphoid process sternal angle body jugular notch

manubrium

Graded potentials produce an effect that increases with distance from the point of stimulation. cause repolarization. may be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization. are often all-or-none. produce an effect that spreads actively across the membrane surface.

may be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization.

The most common athletic knee injury produces damage to the ligaments. tendons. medial meniscus. lateral meniscus. patella.

medial meniscus

Which of the following tracts is correctly matched? superior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the medulla oblongata inferior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the cerebrum superior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the spinal cord middle cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the pons inferior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the midbrain

middle cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the pons

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become more crucial to visceral functions. simpler. critical to reflexes. better understood. more complex.

more complex

Recognized neuronal circuit patterns include all of the following except convergent. multipolar. divergent. parallel processing. reverberating.

multipolar

One type of hip fracture is a fracture of the pubic ramus. neck of the femur. distal epiphysis of the femur. coxal bones. patellar surface of the femur

neck of the femur

Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue. areolar neural connective epithelial osseous

neural

The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron. axon. glial cell. receptor. nerve.

neuron

Which of the following is a sympathetic neurotransmitter used for vasodilation? dopamine norepinephrine acetylcholine serotonin nitric oxide

nitric oxide

Masses of gray matter within the central nervous system are columns. nuclei. horns. ganglia. commissures.

nuclei

Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories? connective tissue epithelial tissue osseous tissue neural tissue muscle tissue

osseous tissue

Which of following is/are produced from the monocyte stem cells? osteogenic cells osteoblasts osteoclasts osteocytes osteoprogenitor cells

osteoclasts

If osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts, bones will become stronger. calcified. osteopenic. thicker. denser.

osteopenic.

Which of the following is not a pennate muscle? rectus femoris extensor digitorum longus deltoid pectoralis All of the answers are correct.

pectoralis

The clearest distinction between a male and female skeleton is seen in the characteristics of the thoracic cage. skull. sacrum. teeth. pelvis.

pelvis

Identify the structure located within the mediastinum. pericardial cavity stomach small intestine lung spleen

pericardial cavity

This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal. negative positive neutral depressing All of the answers are correct.

positive

Figure 13-1 The Spinal Cord Use Figure 13-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "4." posterior gray horn posterior gray column posterior gray ganglion posterior white column anterior gray horn

posterior gray horn

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "4." white ramus communicans postganglionic fibers of sympathetic nerve preganglionic neuron collateral ganglion preganglionic fibers of sympathetic nerve

postganglionic fibers of sympathetic nerve

ANS Pathway: Identify the structure labeled 4

postganglionic fibers of sympathetic nerves

The primary motor cortex is the surface of the postcentral gyrus. arcuate gyrus. insula. precentral gyrus. corpus callosum.

precentral gyrus.

Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities? Brodmann area prefrontal cortex Wernicke's area Broca's area general interpretive area

prefrontal cortex

All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands except that it contains electrolytes and waste products. produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating." helps cool the body when it evaporates. helps to prevent bacteria from colonizing the skin. is more than 99 percent water.

produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."

Which of the following visceral reflexes is not coordinated by the medulla oblongata? cardioacceleratory reflex pupillary reflex swallowing reflex coughing reflex vasomotor reflex

pupillary reflex

The neurons of the primary motor cortex are ________ cells. dendritic neuroglial astrocyte pyramidal cortical

pyramidal cells

The corticospinal system is often referred to as the spinothalamic tracts. reticular formation. medullary centers. pyramidal system. red nucleus.

pyramidal system.

Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus. effector; receiver; communicator control center; receiver; effector receptor; control center; effector receiver; communicator; effector control center; effector; receptor

receptor; control center; effector

Muscles with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called obliquus. rectus. medialis. transversus. lateralis.

rectus

Which of the following is not an extrinsic eye muscle? superior oblique rectus abdominis medial rectus inferior rectus lateral rectus

rectus abdominis

The muscle that originates from the superior surface of the pubis around the symphysis is the transversus abdominis. external oblique. rectus abdominis. internal oblique. scalene.

rectus abdominis.

Your uncle was just diagnosed with a heart attack. One of his major symptoms is left arm pain. You are not surprised because you are familiar with the phenomenon of ________ pain. somatic referred neurogenic phantom psychosomatic

referred

The true ribs are ribs 8-12. called vertebrochondral ribs. called vertebrosternal ribs. ribs 1-7. ribs 1-7 and are called vertebrosternal ribs.

ribs 1-7 and are called vertebrosternal ribs.

The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant. left upper; left lower right lower; left lower right upper; right lower left upper; right upper

right lower; left lower

After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as rigor mortis. depolarization. oxygen debt. tetany. treppe.

rigor mortis.

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum. sarcolemma. sarcosome. sarcomere. sarcoplasm.

sarcolemma.

Each of the following nerves originates in the lumbar plexus except the ________ nerve. genitofemoral femoral obturator sciatic saphenous

sciatic

The study of the relationships of the body's structures by examining cross-sections of tissues or organs is called ________ anatomy. surface systemic sectional regional gross

sectional anatomy

Which neurotransmitter has widespread effects on a person's attention and emotional state? dopamine norepinephrine serotonin GABA endorphins

serotonin

The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of mucous membranes. serous membranes. the lamina propria. synovial membranes. cutaneous membranes.

serous membranes.

Since each myofibril is attached at either end of the muscle fiber, when sarcomeres shorten, the muscle fiber strengthens. pulls from the middle. shortens. lengthens. weakens.

shortens

Which of the following joints is an example of a ball-and-socket joint? shoulder elbow knee ankle wrist

shoulder

Figure 8-1 The Scapula Use Figure 8-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "7." acromion scapular process spine of scapula coracoid process scapular notch

spine of scapula

Cells that are flat and thin are classified as cuboidal. columnar. transitional. squamous. blasts.

squamous

The layer of epidermis where keratohyalin crosslinks keratin fibers is the stratum basale. stratum granulosum. stratum spinosum. stratum corneum. stratum lucidum.

stratum granulosum

Which of the following controls abduction at the shoulder? teres minor subscapularis teres major supraspinatus infraspinatus

supraspinatus

In general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when parasympathetic stimulation is increased. sympathetic stimulation is increased. parasympathetic stimulation is decreased. somatomotor stimulation is increased. sympathetic stimulation is decreased

sympathetic stimulation is increased

A mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a tactile (Merkel) disc. tactile (Meissner) corpuscle. Bulbous corpuscle. root hair plexus. free nerve ending.

tactile (Meissner) corpuscle

A tactile receptor composed of highly coiled dendrites that are surrounded by modified Schwann cells and a fibrous capsule is a root hair plexus. tactile (Merkel) disc. Bulbous corpuscle. lamellar corpuscle. tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.

tactile (Meissner) corpuscle

The medial pathway that controls involuntary movements of head, neck, and arm position in response to sudden visual and auditory stimuli is the ________ tract. reticulospinal rubrospinal vestibulospinal lateral corticospinal tectospinal

tectospinal

The zygomatic arch is formed by the articulation of processes from which two bones? temporal and zygomatic zygomatic and sphenoid frontal and temporal zygomatic and maxilla sphenoid and temporal

temporal and zygomatic

The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ________ reflex. stretch flexor reciprocal crossed extensor tendon

tendon

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the midbrain. medulla oblongata. pons. thalamus. cerebellum.

thalamus

In most cases, the general interpretive center and the speech center are located in neither of the cerebral hemispheres. both of the cerebral hemispheres. the right cerebral hemisphere. the cerebellum. the left cerebral hemisphere.

the left cerebral hemisphere.

Stretch marks occur when surgical incisions are made perpendicular to the skin's lines of cleavage. athletes overextend a muscle. individual epidermal layers separate. the skin is stretched in normal movements. the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded.

the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded.

The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called ________ levers. first-class second-class third-class fourth-class fifth-class

third-class

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a ________ burn. first-degree third-degree epidermal partial-thickness second-degree

third-degree burn

Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons. third-order receptor second-order fourth-order first-order

third-order

The medial malleolus is located on the tibia. ischium. femur. patella. fibula.

tibia

A common cause of dandruff is inflammation around sebaceous glands. inactive apocrine glands. too many sebaceous glands. lack of sebaceous glands. inactive eccrine glands.

too many sebaceous glands

The ribs articulate with the ________ of the vertebrae. spinous processes auric arches laminae pedicles transverse processes

transverse processes

At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by ATP molecules. actin molecules. myosin molecules. calcium ions. troponin molecules.

troponin molecules.

The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is true only for the sympathetic nervous system. true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. true only for the somatic nervous system. not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems. true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

true for both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

The rapid rise and fall in force produced by a muscle fiber after a single action potential is a(n) motor end plate potential. twitch. tetanus. muscle action potential. unfused tetanus.

twitch

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the vermis. arbor vitae. folia. pyramid. flocculonodular lobe.

vermis

Figure 13-2 Spinal Nerves Use Figure 13-2 to answer the following questions: What is the function of the structure labeled "12"? somatic motor control sensory receptor for pain visceral sensory input somatic sensory input visceral motor control

visceral motor control

Figure 14-2 Cranial Nerves Use Figure 14-2 to answer the following questions: What is the function of the nerve labeled "5"? visceral sensation and motor control vision taste movement of the tongue facial expression

visceral sensation and motor control

Damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex would directly affect hearing. voluntary motor activity. perception of pain. balance. sight.

voluntary motor activity

If a second stimulus arrives before the relaxation phase has ended, a second, more powerful contraction occurs. This addition of one twitch to another is called complete tetanus. recruitment. incomplete tetanus. treppe. wave summation.

wave summation