Leadership Test 1, Chapter 2 Leadership, Chapter 3 Leadership, Chapter 4 Leadership, Chapter 5 Leadership, Chapter 6 Leadership, Chapter 7 Leadership
If a leader's actions and decisions contradict the best interests of an organization, effective followers: Question options: a) take a stand. b) follow the leader. c) sacrifice their personal integrity. d) follow passively.
A.
The actions that make leaders go wrong include: Question options: a) breaching agreements. b) promoting follower development. c) having the courage to confront unjust acts. d) taking responsibility.
A.
An alienated follower: Question options: a) is active in an organization. b) is passive, yet an independent thinker. c) does not try to avoid risk or conflict. d) does not utilize critical thinking skills.
B.
Most adults operate at level _____ of personal moral development. Question options: a) one b) two c) three d) four
B.
Which of the following is a behavioral trait of unethical leaders? Question options: a) Establishing and communicating ethics policies b) Withholding help and support c) Rewarding ethical conduct d) Setting examples for others
B.
Which of the following statements describes a leader practicing critical thinking? Question options: a) Brenda focused on the most important issues. b) Jonah sought different opinions. c) Lisa criticized the quality of her employees' work. d) Winston was only pleased when the products his group produced were perfect.
B.
Effective feedback describes: Question options: a) past results and performance. b) the nature of the leader-follower relationship. c) the precise behavior and its consequences. d) the skills required for a specific task.
C.
Identify the appropriate step that should be taken by a leader to work more effectively with different personality types. Question options: a) Shun people who tend to be gloomy and pessimistic. b) Show frustration when dealing with difficult people. c) Keep people focused on high performance. d) Ignore the different facets of one's personality.
C.
The right hemisphere of the brain is associated with: Question options: a) analytical thinking. b) a linear approach to problem solving. c) intuitive thought processes. d) routine processes.
C.
Which of the following is an important characteristic of organizations during Leadership Era 3? a) High-performance culture b) Functional management c) Cross-functional teams d) Pre-bureaucratic organization
C.
Which of the following statements is true of people involved in the leadership relationship? a) They share a passive relationship. b) They seek changes dictated by leaders. c) They intentionally desire significant changes. d) They use coercion to bring about change.
C.
When evaluating others, many people underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors. This tendency is known as _____. Question options: a) stereotyping b) the halo effect c) perceptual defense d) the fundamental attribution error
D.
Leaders can learn to work more effectively with different personality types by striving for understanding. T/F
True
Leaders have many mental models that tend to govern how they interpret experiences and how they act in response to people and situations. Question options: True False
True
Leaders who are constantly trying to please everyone often make poor decisions because they cannot tolerate even a mild degree of conflict. True/False
True
People are constantly valuing things, people, or ideas as good or bad, pleasant or unpleasant, ethical or unethical, and so forth, whether they recognize it or not. T/F
True
A follower can be a resource for the leader by: Question options: a) informing the leader about their own ideas. b) staying aloof from the vision of their organization. c) refusing to acknowledging the leader for his or her contributions. d) maintaining a distance from the leader.
A.
In the context of styles of followership, a dependent, uncritical thinker: Question options: a) does not consider possibilities beyond what he or she is told. b) is aware of the significance of his or her own actions. c) contributes to the cultivation of an organization. d) does not accept a leader's ideas without assessing them.
A.
hich of the following two characteristics do followers desire in both their leader and fellow followers? Question options: a) Honest and competent b) Inspiring and cooperative c) Competent and forward-thinking d) Dependable and honest
A.
A key component of leadership is: Question options: a) accepting the standard way of doing things. b) being emotionally connected to others. c) regarding assumptions as fixed truths. d) employing fear-based motivation.
B.
Assumptions are: Question options: a) regarded by a leader as fixed truths. b) a part of a leader's mental model. c) an expression of the organizational mission. d) a personality trait.
B.
Conscientiousness refers to the degree to which a person is responsible, dependable, persistent, and _____. Question options: a) compassionate b) achievement oriented c) emotionally stable d) adaptable
B.
Peers and subordinates with lax ethical standards: Question options: a) do what is right. b) feel free to act as they choose. c) show a commitment to ethics in their behavior. d) operate at a postconventional level.
B.
To think independently means: Question options: a) paying attention to outdated information. b) staying mentally alert and thinking critically. c) thinking of solutions based on preestablished routines or categories. d) having the need to win at all costs and in all situations.
B.
What sparks the courage for leaders to act? Question options: a) Desire for a reward b) Devotion to a purpose c) Media coverage d) Confidence
B.
Which of the following statements is true of leading with love? Question options: a) It encourages people to maintain secrecy and cautiousness. b) It attracts people who take risks. c) It helps to maintain an emotional distance among people. d) It binds employees and the organization to the past.
B.
Which of the following statements is true of talents? a) Talents include having a complete set of skills and abilities to handle any problem. b) Talents can be turned into strengths by consciously enhancing them. c) Talents are not mere aspects of one's potential. d) Talents arise from natural strengths.
B.
Which of the following will help leaders at MHL Corp keep morale and motivation high when the company faces financial difficulties? Question options: a) Leading with fear as a powerful motivator b) Leading with head and heart c) Creating avoidance behavior in employees d) Focusing on only the emotional aspect of leading
B.
Working effectively with others requires that individuals: Question options: a) regard their assumptions as fixed truths rather than temporary ideas. b) use fear to motivate others effectively. c) draw on subtle aspects of themselves and appeal to those aspects in others. d) do not let their emotions and beliefs affect others.
C.
_____ transcend self-interest to serve the needs of others. Question options: a) Authoritarian managers b) Participative managers c) Servant leaders d) Stewards
C.
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following situational contingencies consists of the educational level of subordinates and the quality of relationships among them? Question options: a) Human relations skills b) Task structures c) Formal authority systems d) Work-group characteristics
D.
Clarity of mind, clarity of objectives, and organizing to achieve objectives are the components of _____. Question options: a) systems thinking b) stereotyping c) emotional intelligence d) personal mastery
D.
Jessie became a better leader when her followers: Question options: a) took all the credit for the accomplishments of the team. b) were submissive and passive. c) complimented her for behavior that they appreciated. d) idealized her leadership skills.
D.
Leadership coaching involves: Question options: a) judging followers' performance. b) directing and controlling behavior. c) telling followers what to do. d) empowering followers to explore.
D.
Which of the following is a quality of managers? a) They create vision and strategy instead of planning and budgeting. b) They use personal influence instead of the power of their position. c) They invest in people instead of investing in goods. d) They have expert minds rather than open minds.
D.
Wilma supervises the mutual funds team of Verdana Pvt. Ltd. She listens to the needs and opinions of her subordinates and does not believe in simply giving orders. She understands and accepts others when they do not share a certain mindset. She readily admits her mistakes and doubts, Which of the following qualities of Wilma is depicted in this scenario? a) Conformist qualities b) Controlling qualities c) Management qualities d) Leadership qualities
D.
The more aware a leader is of his or her assumptions, the less the leader understands how assumptions guide behavior and decisions. Question options: True False
False
Attributions are important because they help people decide how to handle a situation. T/F
True
_____ are often the result of leaders who are overcontrolling of others and who punish mistakes. Question options: a) Pragmatic survivors b) Alienated followers c) Passive followers d) Conformists
C.
A challenge followers face when managing up is: Question options: a) lack of trust between the follower and the leader. b) finding information that is valuable to the leader. c) the follower's lack of control over the leader. d) the follower's lack of resources.
D.
Followers want their leaders to be _____. Question options: a) manipulative b) authoritative c) passive d) competent
D.
Leaders want followers who can collaborate because: Question options: a) followers should be active. b) followers should take responsibility for their required tasks. c) some followers do not do their own work. d) leaders are responsible for more than a single follower.
D.
One of the four basic precepts in Greenleaf's servant leadership model is: Question options: a) asking subordinates to follow orders. b) expecting core work teams to build the organization. c) putting self-interest before service. d) listening first to affirm others.
D.
Which of the following is a way in which the importance of courage is obscured by leaders in large organizations? Question options: a) By pushing beyond the comfort zone b) By not conforming c) By asking for what they want and think is right d) By doing whatever brings promotions and pay raises
D.
Which of the following statements is true of uniformity in organizations? a) It is encouraged in the new paradigm of leadership. b) People with similar job skills are placed in separate departments. c) Homogenous groups find it challenging to communicate with one another. d) Uniform thinking can be a disaster in a multinational and diverse world.
D.
A passive follower exhibits critical, independent thinking and displays initiative and a sense of responsibility. Question options: True False
False
A person high on extraversion may come across as quiet, withdrawn, and socially unassertive. True/False
False
To effectively manage up requires understanding what leaders want and need. Question options: True False
True
For leaders, pushing beyond the comfort zone and facing the internal "wall of fear" is an act of: Question options: a) courage. b) vision. c) goal setting. d) ethics.
a.
A(n) _____ is often an effective follower who has experienced setbacks and obstacles, perhaps promises broken by superiors. Question options: a) alienated follower b) conformist c) pragmatic survivor d) active follower
A.
Followers can influence their leaders by being: Question options: a) a resource for the leader. b) critical of an organization. c) submissive and passive. d) dependent, uncritical thinkers.
A.
Leaders value those people who: Question options: a) show initiative. b) think uncritically. c) do not take responsibility when something needs to be done. d) focus exclusively on the shortcomings of an organization.
A.
Which of the following is a personal quality of leaders? a) Emotional distance b) Humility c) Conformity d) Insight into organization
B.
Which of the following is an example of an ethical pressure that challenges the ability of leaders to do the right thing? Question options: a) Showing respect to each individual b) Meeting the demands of vendors or business partners c) Possessing humility d) Encouraging and developing others
B.
Which of the following statements is true of drive? a) Leaders with drive tend to be less ambitious. b) Leaders with drive seek achievement and have energy. c) Drive refers to truthfulness and nondeception. d) Drive is the foundation of trust between leaders and followers.
B.
According to the trait approach to leadership, which of the following is categorized as a social characteristic of leaders? a) Optimism b) Knowledge c) Cooperativeness d) Humility
C.
Leaders can become better leaders when: Question options: a) they take all of the credit for accomplishments. b) followers are submissive and passive. c) sharing credit for accomplishments. d) followers do everything for them.
C.
Which of the following is a basic component of emotional intelligence? Question options: a) Personal mastery b) Clarity of objectives c) Self-management d) Systems thinking
C.
Zac has been promoted to team leader. His team consists of high school students who have never had jobs before. The procedures the workers need to follow are long and complicated. Based on Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory, which of the following leadership styles should he use? Question options: a) Delegating leadership style b) Selling leadership style c) Telling leadership style d) Participating leadership style
C.
The dimension of extroversion includes the characteristic of _____. Question options: a) security b) dependability c) agreeableness d) dominance
D.
A person's values cannot change throughout life as they are fairly well established by early adulthood. T/F
False
An alienated follower is an independent, critical thinker who is active in an organization. Question options: True False
False
A less conscientious person tends to be easily distracted and impulsive. T/F
True
An unspoken notion among many senior-level executives is that fear is a good thing and benefits the organization. Question options: True False
True
Cognitive approaches are preferences that are not necessarily rigid, but most people tend to have only a few preferred habits of thought. T/F
True
It is a leader's job to clearly communicate where a group or organization is going and why. Question options: True False
True
A servant leader: Question options: a) helps others grow and develop and provides opportunities for others. b) expects subordinates to be obedient. c) is responsible for the emotional well-being of subordinates. d) is at the preconventional level of personal moral development.
A.
According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, if a leader uses negative concepts to describe the least preferred coworker, he or she is considered a _____. Question options: a) task-oriented leader b) "high-high" leader c) people-oriented leader d) democratic leader
A.
According to Herrmann's whole brain concept, leaders who rely heavily on quadrant-C thinking: Question options: a) are friendly, trusting, and empathetic. b) like certainty. c) are highly traditional. d) focus on tasks and activities.
A.
According to the Vroom-Jago contingency model of leadership, which of the following activities refers to delegation in decision making? Question options: a) A leader permits the group to make a decision within prescribed limits. b) A leader presents a problem to the group in a meeting. c) A leader makes a decision alone and announces it to the group. d) A leader presents a problem to the group members, gets their suggestions, and then makes the decision.
A.
An effective leader lets his or her vision of a better future pull reality toward it by: Question options: a) reorganizing current activities to work toward the vision. b) lowering the vision. c) opening the gap between the vision and the reality. d) accepting standard ways of doing things.
A.
At InfraTrust Securities Inc., CEO William Klug refused to admit mistakes. Even though InfraTrust teetered on the brink of collapse, he refused to shift from his position. In the end, the company went bankrupt. This example shows that: Question options: a) courage means accepting responsibility. b) leaders initiate change. c) courage means drawing strength from others. d) leaders make a real difference.
A.
If organizational or personal changes create a situation in which a follower wants to withdraw from a particular leader-follower relationship, the follower must have: Question options: a) the courage to leave. b) the will to participate in transformation. c) the ability to follow orders. d) the ability to support the leader even if they disagree.
A.
Leaders want followers to stay up to date, which includes: Question options: a) understanding their customers. b) collaborating. c) driving growth. d) uncritical thinking.
A.
Lily heads the sales team of Petunia Inc., a cosmetics manufacturer. She has the ability to understand the emotions experienced by her team members. She encourages her subordinates to grow by pushing them beyond their comfort zone. She deals with her team members with compassion and kindness. Which of the following characteristics of leaders does Lily possess? Question options: a) Empathy b) Conscientiousness c) Adaptability d) Systems thinking
A.
Moral leadership is about: Question options: a) distinguishing right from wrong. b) taking away from others to enhance oneself. c) rewarding unethical conduct. d) nonconformity.
A.
The benefits followers receive from leadership coaching include: Question options: a) gaining a new perspective. b) doing only what is told. c) avoiding conflict. d) utilizing uncritical thinking skills.
A.
The ethical pressures that challenge leaders include: Question options: a) doing the right thing despite pressure to increase profits. b) finding new products and services to remain competitive. c) involving employees in teamwork despite individual competition. d) selecting employees with the technical skills.
A.
The framework for stewardship involves: Question options: a) separating the "managing" and the "doing" of work. b) teams of workers responding to a changing environment. c) the view that workers are basically lazy. d) the idea that few people should get paid simply to manage work.
A.
Tyson and James have an effective follower-leader relationship that is based on _____. Question options: a) mutual respect b) authority c) submission d) conformity
A.
When leaders rely on negative emotions such as fear to fuel productive work, they: Question options: a) may slowly destroy people's spirits. b) remove avoidance behavior. c) encourage risk-taking behavior. d) destroy the opportunity to blind employees to reality.
A.
Which of the following is a characteristic of advisory leaders? a) They possess the ability to influence others through communication, knowledge, and personal persuasion. b) They are responsible for accomplishing specific business results rather than developing broad organizational capabilities. c) They lack an exceptionally high level of integrity and honesty. d) They typically do not have the strong position power of the collaborative role
A.
Which of the following is a characteristic of collaborative leaders? a) They don't have the strong position power of the collaborative role. b) They provide guidance and support to other people and departments in the organization. c) They need high self-confidence and tend to be assertive. d) They are responsible for developing broad organizational capabilities.
A.
Which of the following is a characteristic of effective leaders? Question options: a) They understand the limitations of past experience. b) They see the questioning of their ideas as a threat. c) They encourage beginners to blindly accept paradoxes. d) They advise new employees to openly agree with long-held assumptions.
A.
Which of the following is a characteristic of leaders who think independently? Question options: a) They are willing to stand apart. b) They interpret data according to preestablished rules. c) They determine a course of action based on what others think. d) They tend to believe assumptions as "truth."
A.
Which of the following is a characteristic of new paradigm leaders? a) They are humble. b) They are competitive. c) They are stabilizers. d) They are diversity avoiders.
A.
Which of the following is a source of personal courage? Question options: a) Believing in a higher purpose b) Becoming a participative leader c) Opposing unethical conduct d) Giving in to anger and frustration
A.
Which of the following is a way that leaders can provide feedback that benefits followers? Question options: a) Making feedback timely b) Using elements of organizational objectives c) Focusing on the person, not performance d) Making feedback general
A.
Which of the following is stated by the contingency approach to leadership? Question options: a) A leadership style that works in one situation might not work in another situation. b) The contingencies seek to investigate traits that can improve performance in all situations. c) The contingencies most important to leadership are the leaders. d) There is only one best way of leadership.
A.
Which of the following statements is an outdated stereotype about leaders? a) Leaders are different and above others. b) All leaders are sometimes followers as well. c) Leaders should not commit to something outside their own self-interest. d) Leaders do not need followers.
A.
Which of the following statements is true of courage? Question options: a) It means asking for what you want. b) It prevents other people from doing what they want. c) It does not apply to moral leadership. d) It means the absence of fear.
A.
Which of the following statements is true of end values? Question options: a) They are beliefs about the kinds of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to pursue. b) They are beliefs about the types of behavior that are appropriate for reaching goals. c) They include such things as being helpful to others, being honest, or exhibiting courage. d) They tend to fall into two categories of morality and competence.
A.
Which of the following statements is true of individualized leadership? a) It holds that leadership is a series of dyads or a series of two-person interactions. b) It assumes that a leader adopts a general leadership style that is used with all group members. c) It is based on the notion that leaders should not develop relationships with subordinates. d) It is against the concept of exchange, what each party gives to and receives from the other.
A.
Which of the following statements is true of leaders who work collaboratively? a) They learn to keep the lines of communication open. b) They wield their authority rather than using influence. c) They encourage internal competition and aggressiveness. d) They hoard power rather than share it.
A.
Which of the following styles of followership do government appointees often demonstrate because they have their own agendas and a short period of time in which to implement them? Question options: a) Pragmatic survivor b) Conformist c) Passive follower d) Alienated follower
A.
According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, which of the following indicates a high degree of task structure? Question options: a) Ill-defined tasks b) Routine tasks c) Creative tasks d) Research tasks
B.
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment, people with a perceiving preference: Question options: a) like closure. b) dislike deadlines. c) like certainty. d) enjoy having goals.
B.
Adam, a project manager, is enthusiastic about utilizing every available opportunity at his workplace. He ensures that his team's projects adhere to the company's high standards. He remains calm when things go wrong and provides resourceful solutions. Which of the following qualities of leaders does Adam display? Question options: a) Systems thinking b) Self-management c) Social capital d) Self-awareness
B.
An important contribution of Fiedler's research on the contingency model of leadership is that it: Question options: a) uses weights that are determined in an arbitrary manner in order to determine situation favorability . b) goes beyond the notion of leadership styles to try to show how styles fit a situation. c) recommends medium least preferred coworker leaders as they are more effective in many situations. d) is clear about how the model will work over time.
B.
Anna works as a sales executive. She has difficulty meeting her productivity targets, but she has high readiness levels and her work exceeds quality standards. However, her manager considers her to be a poor performer due to her issue with productivity. In the given scenario, the manager's evaluation of Anna's performance is an example of the _____. Question options: a) fundamental attribution error b) halo effect c) self-serving bias d) perceptual defense
B.
Becky heads the finance team of Herald Inc. Whenever her team's work is commended, she takes all the credit. On the other hand, when her team gets negative feedback from clients, she blames it on inadequate support from the organization. Becky's behavior is an example of _____. Question options: a) the fundamental attribution error b) the self-serving bias c) perceptual defense d) projection
B.
Clarity of direction involves: Question options: a) telling followers what to do, directing and controlling their behavior, and judging their performance. b) distinctly communicating where the group or organization is going and why. c) directing or facilitating a follower with the aim of improving specific skills. d) evaluating and communicating a followers performance.
B.
Daniel, a management professor, wants to explain why a new paradigm leader is a facilitator rather than being a controller. Which of the following is the correct reason? a) The most important element of an organization's revenues is becoming the number of working hours. b) The financial basis of today's economy is becoming information rather than tangible assets. c) The old assumptions of sharing power and getting all employees involved are no longer valid. d) The success of an organization in today's world depends on the wealth of its owners.
B.
Daniel, the relationship manager of a mutual fund company, has the strength to understand his emotions clearly. He makes tough decisions by believing his "gut feelings." He knows how his emotions affect his work; hence, he acts carefully according to them. Which of the following qualities of leaders does Daniel possess? Question options: a) Social awareness b) Self-awareness c) Systems thinking d) Relationship management
B.
Dependent, uncritical thinkers: Question options: a) are aware of the significance of their actions. b) accept a leader's ideas without assessing them. c) contribute to the cultivation of an organization. d) weigh the impact of decisions on the company vision.
B.
Gilbert heads the accounts team of HFC Inc. He received negative feedback from his clients about one of the projects that he managed. He held his subordinates responsible as he felt that they were inefficient and worked carelessly. The judgment made by Gilbert is an example of _____. Question options: a) a self-serving bias b) an internal attribution c) perceptual defense d) the halo effect
B.
High-quality leader-member exchange relationships: a) lead to poor job satisfaction in the long run. b) have been found to lead to very positive outcomes for the organization. c) pertain to lesser responsibility and authority in the case of followers. d) support the sharply differentiated in-group and out-group relationships.
B.
In the context of the trait approach to leadership, the diversity of traits that effective leaders possess indicates that: a) leadership includes grasping diverse points of view and leaving everybody satisfied. b) leadership ability is not a genetic endowment. c) leadership ability cannot be acquired without a complete set of skills. d) leadership includes being prideful and arrogant.
B.
Management focuses on getting the most results out of people so that: a) followers can be motivated through purpose rather than rewards or punishments. b) goods and services are provided to customers in a timely manner. c) the relationship with followers can be based on personal influence and trust. d) a shared culture and set of core values that can lead to the desired future state is developed.
B.
Melanie has been promoted as the operations head of Apex Inc. She aims to lead the organization in an effective manner. Which of the following should be implemented by Melanie to achieve her aim? a) Focus on getting the most results out of people so that production goals are achieved. b) Ensure that employees are part of a community and feel that they are contributing to something worthwhile. c) Maintain a relationship based on position and formal authority and not on personal influence and trust. Incorrect Response d) Maintain a degree of stability, predictability, and order through a culture of efficiency.
B.
Scott Thompson resigned as the CEO of Yahoo after only four months on the job because reports revealed he had inaccurately claimed on his resume that he had a degree in computer science. This is an example of: Question options: a) arrogance. b) unethical behavior. c) servant leadership. d) stewardship.
B.
The fundamental assumption of substitutes-for-leadership researchers is that: Question options: a) when a task is highly satisfying and enjoyable, the leader should show acceptance and compassion as it is not provided by the task. b) effective leadership is the ability to recognize and provide the support not already provided by task, group, and organization. c) substitutes for leadership cannot be designed into organizations in ways to complement existing leadership. d) when a task is highly structured and routine, the leader should provide clarification of task objectives and responsibilities as it is not provided by the task.
B.
The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with _____. Question options: a) creative thinking b) analytical thinking c) intuitive processes d) values-based thought processes
B.
The management at Eastrock School of Business and Management has given janitors the responsibility of managing supplies while keeping within the budget. Thus, the janitors feel that they are part of the team that keeps the organization running smoothly. In the given scenario, the management's style of leadership is: Question options: a) preconventional management. b) servant leadership. c) authoritarian leadership. d) participative management.
B.
The tendency of people to not voice their true thoughts because they want to please others is known as: Question options: a) the situational theory. b) the Abilene Paradox. c) personal moral development. d) Theory Y.
B.
The third phase of research in the development of the individualized leadership theory: a) evaluated characteristics of the leader-member exchange relationship by exploring communication frequency and value agreement. b) focused on whether leaders could develop positive relationships with a large number of followers. c) argues for the importance of the dyad formed by a leader with each member of the group. d) included the awareness of a relationship between a leader and each individual rather than between a leader and a group of followers.
B.
Which of the following characteristics describes effective feedback? Question options: a) General in nature b) Looks toward the future c) Describes the mistakes of the past d) Focuses on fault-finding
B.
Which of the following forms of leadership emphasizes tight top-down control, employee standardization and specialization, and management by impersonal measurement and analysis? Question options: a) Stewardship b) Authoritarian management c) Servant leadership d) Participative management
B.
Which of the following is a difference between Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership and the path-goal theory of leadership? Question options: a) The Fiedler theory discusses leader style, followers and situation, and the rewards to meet followers' needs, whereas the path-goal theory discusses leadership style and group task performance. b) The Fiedler theory made the assumption that new leaders could take over as situations change, whereas in the path-goal theory, leaders change their behaviors to match the situation. c) The Fiedler theory enables leaders to diagnose both leadership style and organizational situation, whereas the path-goal theory focuses on the characteristics of followers as the most important element of the situation. d) The Fiedler theory states that a leader can adopt the four leader styles of directing, coaching, supporting, and entrusting, whereas the path-goal theory measures leadership style with the least preferred coworker scale.
B.
Which of the following is an assumption of Theory X? Question options: a) The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest and the average human being does not inherently dislike work. b) The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all. c) Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the intellectual potentialities of the average human being are only partially utilized. d) The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population.
B.
Which of the following is an example of initiating structure behavior of leaders? a) Showing appreciation b) Directing tasks c) Seeking input from subordinates d) Listening carefully to problems
B.
Which of the following is an example of stereotyping? Question options: a) Fiona assumes that a subordinate is a proficient employee as he or she has good people skills. b) Fiona assumes that an elderly employee will not be able to adapt to modern technology. c) Fiona believes that her subordinates can work on weekends as she generally works on weekends. d) Fiona judges that her subordinate performed poorly due to lack of concentration and incompetence.
B.
Which of the following is true of people who work in fear-based organizations? Question options: a) They lead with head and heart. b) They often leave the organization. c) They take risks and challenge the status quo. d) They respect and trust their managers.
B.
Which of the following statements is a criticism of Fiedler's contingency theory? Question options: a) The use of the least preferred coworker score as a measure of relationship- or task-oriented behavior is complicated. b) The empirical support for the model is weak because it is based on correlational results that fail to achieve statistical significance in the majority of cases. c) It does not go beyond the notion of leadership styles to try to show how styles fit a situation. d) It fails to consider high least preferred coworker score leaders, who some studies indicate are more effective than medium least preferred coworker score leaders in all situations.
B.
Which of the following statements is true of honesty? a) It refers to high motivation that creates a high effort level by a leader. b) It implies an openness that followers welcome. c) It helps leaders interpret situations in more conservative ways. d) It includes a complete set of skills and characteristics to handle any problem.
B.
Which of the following statements is true of individualized leadership? a) It adopts a general leadership style that is used with all group members. b) It looks at the specific relationship between a leader and each individual follower. c) It holds that leaders have particular traits that distinguish them from non-leaders. d) It conceptualizes leadership as a single great individual who can put everything together and influence others to follow along.
B.
Which of the following statements is true of the art and science of leadership? a) Leadership is a science because many leadership skills and qualities cannot be learned from a textbook. b) Most people can learn to be good leaders no matter their innate characteristics. c) Many people have never tried to be a leader because it requires executive coaching. d) Leadership is an art because a growing body of knowledge and objective facts describes the leadership process.
B.
A follower can provide strength to the leader by: Question options: a) sacrificing their personal integrity to maintain harmony. b) accepting the leader's ideas without assessing or evaluating them. c) contributing to areas that complement the leader's position. d) submissively following orders.
C.
A leader at the postconventional level of personal moral development focuses on: Question options: a) getting a high return on investment. b) short-term goals. c) serving others and a higher cause. d) excessively promoting self-interest.
C.
According to Herrmann's whole brain concept, people who rely heavily on quadrant-B thinking: Question options: a) are curious and enjoy experimentation and playfulness. b) are typically emotional and expressive, outgoing, and supportive of others. c) like to establish plans and procedures and get things done on time. d) focus on tasks and activities and like to deal with concrete facts.
C.
According to the Vroom-Jago contingency model of leadership, if subordinates have a high level of expertise in relation to a problem, _____. Question options: a) the leader should not allow the group to make the decision alone b) the leader has to be actively involved in decision making c) more responsibility for the decision can be delegated to them d) subordinates will have low commitment to the decision
C.
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ involves planning, making schedules, setting performance goals and behavior standards, and stressing adherence to rules and regulations. Question options: a) achievement-oriented leadership b) participative leadership c) directive leadership d) supportive leadership
C.
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, the personal characteristics of followers, which is a situational contingency, includes factors such as: Question options: a) the degree of task structure. b) the work group. c) motivation. d) formality.
C.
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following leadership styles stresses high-quality performance and improvement over current performance? Question options: a) Participative leadership b) Directive leadership c) Achievement-oriented leadership d) Supportive leadership
C.
According to the situational theory of leadership, a _____ can be effective when followers have the necessary education, skills, and experience but might be insecure in their abilities and need some encouragement from the leader. Question options: a) telling leadership style b) selling leadership style c) participating leadership style d) delegating leadership style
C.
According to the situational theory of leadership, a leader with a _____ provides detailed objectives and explicit instructions about how tasks should be accomplished. Question options: a) participating style b) selling style c) telling style d) delegating style
C.
Active follower behavior refers to: Question options: a) being reactive. b) requiring constant supervision. c) initiating problem solving. d) taking neither initiative nor personal responsibility.
C.
At the _____ of personal moral development, a leader can balance self-interest with a concern for others and for the common good. Question options: a) conventional level b) preconventional level c) postconventional level d) paraconventional level
C.
Effective followers: Question options: a) are passive and uncritical by nature. b) presume that a leader will provide them with security, permission to act, or personal growth. c) initiate opportunities through which they can achieve personal fulfillment. d) try to avoid risk or conflict.
C.
Helen, the operations head of an organization, received a complaint stating that one of the managers was regularly harassing his subordinates. Instead of taking action, she neglected the issue as she had high regard for the manager. She was sure that the allegations against the manager were not true. In the given scenario, the assumption made by Helen is an example of _____. Question options: a) projection b) the halo effect c) perceptual defense d) stereotyping
C.
How do effective followers build authentic relationships with their leaders? Question options: a) Show submission to the leader. b) Collaborate with other followers. c) Actively seek feedback. d) Expect the leader to be knowledgeable about everything.
C.
In the context of followership styles, _____ leave the thinking to their leaders. Question options: a) pragmatic survivors b) alienated followers c) passive followers d) conformists
C.
Jody manages the sales team for a sports equipment manufacturer. Sales have been slipping downward at an alarming rate. She called a department meeting and set sales goals that the team will need to meet. She doesn't care how they meet their goals; she just wants them to do it. Based on the path-goal theory, which leadership style is she using? Question options: a) Directive leadership b) Supportive leadership c) Achievement-oriented leadership d) Participative leadership
C.
Jonni is a certified accountant who works from home without any personal contact from the organization that employs her. Which of the following characteristics of followers substitutes for people-oriented leadership in Jonni's situation? Question options: a) Highly structured task b) Group cohesiveness c) Professionalism d) Automatic feedback
C.
Leadership courage means: Question options: a) overemphasizing pleasing shareholders. b) excessively promoting self-interest. c) reducing boundaries. d) staying with what is familiar.
C.
Norman heads the animation team of Progress Inc. When one of his subordinates failed to execute a task properly, he said that his subordinate was not provided with enough resources to take care of the quality assurance after production. This judgment made by Norman is an instance of _____. Question options: a) the fundamental attribution error b) the self-serving bias c) an external attribution d) perceptual defense
C.
People in organizations rise to the top because they: a) refrain from creating hopes that things will turn out well. b) have the ability to identify problems. c) can instill in others a sense of hope for the future. d) are always cautious when interpreting situations.
C.
Servant leadership is a form of leadership in which: Question options: a) leaders are deeply accountable to others. b) leaders do not provide opportunities for material gains. c) self-interest is replaced by providing for the needs of others. d) power, purpose, and privilege reside with those at the top of the organization.
C.
The _____ dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment concerns an individual's attitudes toward ambiguity and how quickly a person makes a decision. Question options: a) sensing versus intuition b) thinking versus feeling c) judging versus perceiving d) introversion versus extroversion
C.
The expert mind becomes a danger in organizations because it: Question options: a) puts aside preconceptions and suspends beliefs and opinions. b) forgets many of its conditioned ideas. c) rejects new ideas based on past experience and knowledge. d) often becomes open to the perspectives of other people.
C.
Viewing the leader realistically includes: Question options: a) asking questions about the leader's experiences. b) using mindful initiatives. c) giving up idealized expectations. d) plying the leader for company stories.
C.
Which of the following behaviors is a meta-category that can be applied to leadership in a variety of situations and time periods? Question options: a) Situational behavior b) Reward behavior c) Relationship behavior d) Contingency behavior
C.
Which of the following components is the most important part of systems thinking? Question options: a) The individual parts of a system b) The complexity of a system c) The relationship among the parts that form the system d) The entire system rather than the parts
C.
Which of the following is a consequence of the fear inspired by some leaders? Question options: a) Avoidance behavior among employees is eliminated. b) Damaging behaviors are avoided. c) Employees do not provide feedback. d) Employees have positive feelings about their work.
C.
Which of the following is a traditional management role? Question options: a) Helping followers understand and learn b) Removing obstacles to growth c) Telling followers what to do d) Empowering followers to explore
C.
Which of the following is an assumption of Theory Y? Question options: a) Most people prefer to be directed, wish to avoid responsibility, have relatively little ambition, and want security above all. b) An average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible. c) A person will exercise self-direction and self-control in the service of objectives to which he or she is committed. d) Most people must be threatened with punishment to get them to put adequate effort toward the achievement of goals.
C.
Which of the following is an element of personal mastery? Question options: a) The behavior of accepting what one gets in the future rather than what one wants in the future b) The practice of bridging the disparity between current reality and the vision of a better future c) The discipline of continually focusing on what one wants as the desired future d) The discipline of accepting assumptions and standard ways of doing things
C.
Which of the following is an example of consideration behavior of leaders? a) Directing tasks and planning b) Providing explicit schedules for work activities c) Seeking input from subordinates regarding important decisions d) Getting people to work hard and ruling with an iron hand
C.
Which of the following statements accounts for tremendous variation among people? Question options: a) Everyone cannot have both instrumental and end values. b) Everyone has similar important goals to reach in life. c) Individuals differ in how they order their values into priorities. d) Individuals have end values that fall into different categories of morality and competence.
C.
Which of the following statements is true of Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership? Question options: a) Task-oriented leaders do not excel in a favorable situation because a great deal of structure and task direction is needed. b) Task structure needs to be defined if a situation is highly favorable to a leader. c) Relationship-oriented leaders are more effective in situations of moderate favorability. d) Relationship-oriented leaders excel in unfavorable situations because everyone gets along and the tasks are clear.
C.
Which of the following statements is true of leaders who subscribe to the assumptions of Theory Y? Question options: a) They believe that the average human being prefers to be directed and wishes to avoid responsibility. b) They do not believe that people will seek out greater responsibility and will exercise imagination and creativity. c) They believe that the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible. d) They do not believe people have to be coerced and controlled in order to perform effectively.
C.
Which of the following statements is true of leading with head and heart? Question options: a) The whole leader uses both head and heart when creating structure and handling operational issues. b) Emotions should not be used in the decision making process in times of uncertainty and rapid change. c) It keeps morale and motivation high. d) Wise leaders use only their intellect to make decisions.
C.
Which of the following statements is true of mental models? Question options: a) A leader's assumptions naturally are not part of his or her mental model. b) A leader is usually not aware of his mental models. c) Personal values, attitudes, biases, and prejudices can all affect one's mental model. d) A leader creates an effective mental model by viewing the elements of a system as separate components.
C.
Which of the following statements is true of the whole brain concept? Question options: a) It proves that the concept of left-brained versus right-brained thinking is entirely accurate physiologically. b) It does not consider a person's preference for right-brained versus left-brained thinking. c) It considers a person's preference for conceptual versus experiential thinking. d) It does not support the idea that everyone uses both left-brained and right-brained thinking.
C.
Which of the following will help leaders to develop open-mindedness? Question options: a) They have to maintain strong preconceptions and suspend beliefs and opinions. b) They have to stick to mental models that worked in the past. c) They have to forget many of their conditioned ideas. d) They have to allow their subordinates to do the thinking for them.
C.
Linc's software development team has run into a problem. The tools that they are using are old and missing some functions that would speed up the development process. Linc can think of only one solution—buying new tools. Because the new development tools are so expensive, Linc called a meeting and asked everyone to suggest solutions that the company can afford. Linc will do what the group decides is the best solution. According to the Vroom-Jago contingency model of leadership, which leadership style is Linc using? Question options: a) Consult group b) Delegate c) Decide d) Facilitate
C.?
A passive follower: Question options: a) displays critical, independent thinking. b) possesses the courage to initiate change. c) does not exhibit active participation. d) typically carries out any and all orders.
D.
According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, position power is low when the leader has: Question options: a) the power to plan and direct the work of subordinates. b) the power to reward or punish the work of subordinates. c) the authority to create tasks. d) little authority over subordinates and cannot evaluate their work.
D.
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, which of the following statements is true of task-oriented leaders? Question options: a) They are more effective in a situations where they have little authority over subordinates and cannot evaluate their work or reward them. b) They are more effective in situations of moderate favorability. c) They are more effective in favorable situations because the task is not clear to everybody. d) They are more effective when a situation is highly unfavorable because a great deal of structure and task direction is needed.
D.
According to Herrmann's whole brain concept, when leaders have a predominantly A-quadrant thinking style, they tend to: Question options: a) empathize easily and be friendly. b) be imaginative and entrepreneurial. c) avoid risks and strive for stability. d) be directive and authoritative.
D.
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment, which of the following statements is true of the feeling types? Question options: a) They tend to be very objective in decision making. b) They tend to enjoy ambiguity and dislike deadlines. c) They tend to rely more on their values. d) They tend to rely more on logic.
D.
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, when a subordinate is unchallenged by a task, a(n) _____ is used to set higher goals. Question options: a) supportive leadership behavior b) empowering leadership behavior c) directive leadership behavior d) achievement-oriented leadership behavior
D.
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following leadership styles involves consulting with subordinates about decisions? Question options: a) Directive leadership b) Supportive leadership c) Achievement-oriented leadership d) Participative leadership
D.
According to the situational theory of leadership, a leader with a _____ provides both task instruction and personal support, explains decisions, and gives followers a chance to ask questions and gain clarity about work tasks. Question options: a) participating leadership style b) telling leadership style c) delegating leadership style d) selling leadership style
D.
An effective leader: Question options: a) goes along with the traditional way of doing things. b) sticks to a mental model that sees everything from one's own personal perspective. c) does not apologize to his or her subordinates. d) does not follow his or her assumptions because they led to success in the past.
D.
An important aspect of leadership is: a) dictating changes required in an organization. b) maintaining a passive relationship with followers. c) maintaining the status quo and not creating change. term-6 d) influencing others to come together around a common vision.
D.
Colleen is a medical researcher at Octogen Pharmaceuticals. She called attention to the illegal marketing of a drug produced by the company, despite threats from her superiors. Colleen's behavior can be best described as: Question options: a) unethical behavior. b) authoritarian leadership. c) stewardship. d) whistleblowing.
D.
Erica, a team manager, was known for heading projects with diligence and conscientiousness. However, she was insensitive and excessively ambitious. She did not take feedback in a constructive manner. This prevented her from advancing in her career because she had problems motivating and communicating with her team members. In the context of the given scenario, which of the following phenomena does Erica experience? a) Communication apprehension b) Fear-based motivation c) Paradigm change d) Derailment
D.
Fred, the president of Choice Inc., is providing general guidelines to managers in his organization on how to develop effective personal qualities. Which of the following should be a part of the guidelines? a) Invest in people rather than in goods. b) Create change and a culture of agility and integrity. Incorrect Response c) Focus on providing answers and solving problems. d) Have the courage to admit mistakes and doubts.
D.
George, the financial manager of a firm, executes his tasks with commitment. He takes his responsibilities seriously. Which of the following characteristics of leaders does George possess? Question options: a) Adaptability b) Empathy c) Relationship management d) Conscientiousness
D.
Good leadership is about: Question options: a) interpreting data based on preestablished routines. b) blindly accepting rules and labels created by others. c) following the rules set by others. d) standing up for what one believes is the best for the organization.
D.
In the context of the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following statements is true of supportive leadership? Question options: a) It involves setting clear and challenging goals for subordinates. b) It involves consulting with subordinates about decisions. c) It involves telling subordinates exactly what they are supposed to do. d) It involves showing concern for subordinates' well-being and personal needs.
D.
Laurel, the manager of a software company, assumes that the male employees in her organization are more creative and innovative than the female employees in her organization. In the given scenario, Laurel's assumption is known as _____. Question options: a) projection b) attribution c) perceptual defense d) stereotyping
D.
Leaders can create organizational systems that support ethical behavior by: Question options: a) showing tolerance for ethics violations. b) establishing vague ethics policies. c) establishing general ethics policies. d) creating open-door policies.
D.
Leaders working to improve one element of personal mastery can become significantly more effective because: Question options: a) all leaders score higher than most people on tests of cognitive ability. b) all elements of mind prevent shifting of mental models. c) all leaders have similar scores in emotional intelligence tests. d) all five elements of mind are interdependent.
D.
Linda heads the proofreading team of Ink Heart Pvt. Ltd., a publishing firm. She wants to align her followers toward the main objectives of the organization. Which of the following strategies should Linda apply? a) Organize a structure to accomplish the plan. b) Staff an organizational structure with employees. Incorrect Response c) Direct employees and monitor implementation of plans. d) Communicate the vision and develop a shared culture.
D.
Managing up involves: Question options: a) giving advice on handling specific organizational situations and dealing with organizational politics. b) directing and controlling behavior and judging individual performance. c) telling a person exactly what needs to be done. d) consciously developing a mutually respectful relationship with one's direct superiors.
D.
Patricia is a member of the board of directors of Brightlake Medical College. She fires a teacher with lax ethical standards who treats his colleagues unfairly. In the given scenario, she is committed to: Question options: a) creating closed-door policies. b) avoiding shareholder questions. c) firing principals who do not produce short-term results. d) sound ethics and transparency.
D.
People at the conventional level of personal moral development: Question options: a) act in their own interest. b) follow internalized universal principles of justice and right. c) follow authority with blind obedience. d) fulfill duties and obligations of the social system.
D.
People with an internal locus of control: Question options: a) believe that luck is the key to success. b) feel that they have little control over events. c) place primary responsibility on outside forces. d) believe they are "masters of their own fate."
D.
Victoria, an advertising manager, works effectively when dealing with routine and well-defined tasks, but she is not very good with tasks that require creativity. Hence, she assumes that her subordinates also have difficulty being creative. In the given scenario, Victoria's assumption is an example of _____. Question options: a) the halo effect b) a self-serving bias c) perceptual defense d) projection
D.
Which of the following is an example of task-oriented leader behavior? a) Giving time and encouragement b) Showing acceptance and compassion c) Acknowledging accomplishments d) Checking the progress and quality of work
D.
Which of the following statements is true of Leadership Era 4? a) This is the era of Great Man leadership and the emphasis on personal traits of leaders. b) This era may be conceptualized as pre-industrial and pre-bureaucratic. c) This era sees the rise of the "rational manager" who directs and controls others using an impersonal approach. d) This era requires the full scope of leadership that goes beyond rational management or team leadership.
D.
Which of the following statements is true of entrepreneurship? a) Entrepreneurship advocates dependence as the key to effective leadership. b) Leaders with entrepreneurial traits are dependent on others for making decisions. c) Entrepreneurship involves maintaining the status quo for established organizations. d) Leaders with entrepreneurial traits exist within established organizations.
D.
Which of the following statements is true of leaders engaged in personal mastery? Question options: a) They do not challenge assumptions and standard ways of doing things. b) They open the gap between current reality and the vision of a better future. c) They retain traditional mental models that have been successful in the past. d) They break through denial of reality in themselves and others.
D.
Which of the following statements is true of self-awareness? Question options: a) Self-awareness means the ability to behave in a uniform manner in response to situational cues. b) Self-awareness involves the ability to emotionally evaluate one's own worth. c) Self-awareness means the set of unseen characteristics and processes that underlie a person. d) Self-awareness involves appreciating how one's patterns affect other people.
D.
Which of the following statements is true of systems thinking? Question options: a) It includes the ability to see the separate elements of a system. b) It creates a gap between current reality and the vision of a better future. c) It sees diverse perspectives as a threat. d) It is a mental discipline for seeing patterns and interrelationships.
D.
Which of the following statements is true of working with different personality types? Question options: a) Leaders should show their frustration to keep different personality types focused. b) People take on behavior patterns based on their personalities. c) People do not like to be accepted and appreciated for who they are. d) Personality differences can make the life of a leader interesting.
D.
Which of the following things should leaders know in order to use Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership? Question options: a) They should conclude that they are task-oriented leaders if they are moderately well liked, have some power, and supervise jobs that contain some ambiguity. b) They should identify themselves as relationship-oriented leaders if they define the task structure and can establish authority over subordinates. c) They should assume that they are more effective as task-oriented leaders if they perform better in situations of intermediate favorability. d) They should diagnose the situation and determine whether leader-member relations, task structure, and position power are favorable or unfavorable.
D.
_____ refers to a tendency to see the positive side of things and expect that things will turn out well. a) Integrity b) Honesty c) Drive d) Optimism
D.
A manager with a global mindset sees everything from his or her own limited personal or cultural perspective. Question options: True False
False
A mental model is an external picture that does not affect a person's thoughts and actions. Question options: True False
False
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, when an incorrect reward is given to a subordinate, directive leadership behavior is used to change this. Question options: True False
False
Effective followers have to know what they stand for and be willing to express their own ideas to their leaders even though this might mean risking their jobs. Question options: True False
False
Effective leaders see feedback as something to dread or fear and not as a route to improvement and development. Question options: True False
False
It is important for leaders to regard their assumptions as fixed truths rather than temporary ideas. Question options: True False
False
Leaders should wait for an annual review to let employees know how they're doing or how they can improve. Question options: True False
False
Leaders who score low in emotional intelligence are typically more effective. Question options: True False
False
Leadership coaching involves telling followers what to do, directing and controlling their behavior, and judging their performance. Question options: True False
False
Leadership is the sole basis for the success of an organization. Question options: True False
False
One of the tactics for followers to manage up is to be a resource for the leader. Question options: True False
False
The halo effect occurs when perceivers see their own personal traits in other people. T/F
False
The situational theory of leadership focuses on the characteristics of leaders as the most important element of the situation. Question options: True False
False
The use of substitutes to fill leadership "gaps" is often disadvantageous to organizations. Question options: True False
False
Theory Y reflects the assumption that people are basically lazy and not motivated to work and that they have a natural tendency to avoid responsibility. T/F
False
With systems thinking, a leader looks at the dots in isolation rather than seeing the big picture and connecting the dots. Question options: True False
False
In the context of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, if a leader describes the least preferred coworker using positive concepts, he or she is considered relationship-oriented. Question options: True False
True
The Pike Syndrome illustrates the power of the conditioning that limits people's thinking and behavior. Question options: True False
True
The Vroom-Jago contingency model of leadership starts with the idea that a leader faces a problem that requires a solution. Question options: True False
True
The contingencies most important to leadership are the situation and followers. Question options: True False
True
The contingency approaches explain the relationship between leadership styles and effectiveness in specific situations. Question options: True False
True
The emotional state of a leader influences the entire team, department, or organization. Question options: True False
True
Someone who scores high on agreeableness: Question options: a) is good-natured and cooperative. b) tends to become anxious or tense. c) likes to be in control and have influence over others. d) is cold and insensitive.
a.
Which of the following forms of leadership was first described by Robert Greenleaf? Question options: a) Servant leadership b) Authoritarian leadership c) Participative leadership d) Stewardship
A.
Executive coaches: a) help leaders develop emotional distance from their followers. b) encourage leaders to confront their flaws that inhibit effective leadership. c) intentionally value stability over change. d) help people through the transition to an old paradigm of effective leadership.
B.
Which of the following sources of power for managing up is based on the follower's personal power? Question options: a) Visible position b) Expertise c) Network of relationships d) Flow of information
B.
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, path clarification means that the leader works with subordinates to help them identify and learn the behaviors that will lead to successful task accomplishment and organizational rewards. Question options: True False
True
According to the least preferred coworker (LPC) scale of Fiedler's model of leadership styles, if the leader describes the least preferred coworker using positive concepts, the leader: Question options: a) is relationship-oriented. b) is task-oriented c) places greater value on tasks. d) is an extrovert.
A.
According to the situational theory of leadership, a leader with a _____ provides little direction or support because complete responsibility for decisions and their implementation is turned over to followers. Question options: a) delegating leadership style b) selling leadership style c) telling leadership style d) participating leadership style
A.
Charismatic leadership is a part of the _____ of leadership. a) influence theories b) behavioral theories c) trait theories d) contingency theories
A.
Leaders who are drawn to new opportunities, are action oriented, and are more concerned with innovation, creativity, and creating new processes than with maintaining the status quo are known as: a) entrepreneurial leaders. b) autocratic leaders. c) advisory leaders. d) traditional leaders.
A.
The belief that leaders were born with certain natural abilities of power and influence characterizes the _____ of leadership. a) Great Man theories b) influence theories c) behavior theories d) contingency theories
A.
Which of the following is a characteristic of entrepreneurial leaders? a) They are concerned with innovation and creativity. b) They are unable to focus on long-term results. c) They are unwilling to learn new skills. d) They tend to be dependent on their followers.
A.
Identify the correct statement regarding leadership. a) Leadership involves administrative paperwork. b) Leadership involves noncoercive influence. c) Leadership involves unidirectional influence. d) Leadership involves maintaining the status quo.
B.
In Leadership Era 2, _____ of leadership worked because leaders could analyze their situation and develop careful plans. a) influence theories b) behavior theories c) trait theories d) relational theories
B.
In the context of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, which of the following does leader-member relations refer to? Question options: a) It refers to the extent to which tasks given by the leaders are defined and involve specific procedures. b) It refers to the group atmosphere and members' attitudes toward and acceptance of the leader. c) It refers to the extent to which the leader has formal authority over subordinates. d) It refers to the ability to plan and direct the work of subordinates, evaluate it, and reward or punish them.
B.
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, in situations of moderate favorability, a relationship-oriented leader: Question options: a) supervises jobs that are clearly defined. b) defines task structure and establishes authority over subordinates. c) may be moderately well liked and have some power. d) may maintain poor leader-member relations.
C.
Attempts to achieve collaboration, empowerment, and diversity can succeed only if: a) leaders follow the principles and practices of the industrial era. b) managers want to treat people the way they treat machines or the bottom line. c) leaders intentionally practice and apply new paradigm principles. d) leaders hire people who think and work alike.
C.
In the context of using substitutes for leadership, which of the following factors tends to substitute for leader task orientation? Question options: a) Love-based motivation b) Socialization c) Formalized rules d) Creative and ill-defined tasks
C.
In the leader-member exchange research study on individualized leadership, leaders were trained to offer the opportunity for a high-quality relationship to all group members. According to this concept, which of the following is true of followers? a) The followers were treated in a positive or a negative way depending on their individual performances. b) The boon of establishing sharply differentiated in-group and out-group relationships was established. c) The followers who responded to the offer dramatically improved their performance. d) The in-group subordinates got better and the out-group subordinates got worse at their work respectively.
C.
It becomes easier for people to see their own opportunities for leadership when they: a) start seeing leaders as individuals who are above others. b) understand that the concept of leadership cannot continue to develop. c) stop equating leadership with greatness and public visibility. d) comprehend that leadership involves maintaining the status quo.
C.
Leader support and _____ are the two underlying dimensions of employee-centered leadership behavior. a) goal emphasis b) efficiency achievement c) interaction facilitation d) work facilitation
C.
Level 5 leaders have: a) the ability to meet all challenges without assistance. b) a strong drive for personal success. c) no need for the limelight. d) no responsibility for their company's success.
C.
Many people have never tried to be a leader because: a) they do not have leadership skills. b) they lack the personality traits necessary for leadership. c) they have no understanding of what leaders actually do. d) leadership requires executive coaching.
C.
Stage two in the development of the individualized leadership theory explored the _____ in more detail. a) vertical dyad linkage model b) partnership building c) leader-member exchange d) entrepreneurship model
C.
Steve leads the administrative department of Mayo Pvt. Ltd. He encourages people to perform to their maximum potential by providing support and regular feedback. He ensures that the opinions of his team members are considered before a decision is made. He does not believe in rigidity and inviolate procedures. In the context of the given scenario, Steve holds that: a) wealthy employees should be given more power. b) people at the bottom of the organizational hierarchy should have no power. c) human capital is more important than financial capital. d) tangible assets form the financial basis of today's economy.
C.
Which of the following characteristics was explored by the studies evaluating the characteristics of the leader-member exchange relationship? a) Income b) Educational qualification c) Value agreement d) Recruitment process
C.
Which of the following is a characteristic of new paradigm leaders? a) They are controllers. b) They are heroes. c) They are facilitators. d) They are diversity avoiders.
C.
Which of the following is a difference between leader behavior toward out-group members and in-group members? a) Leaders assign interesting assignments to out-group subordinates, whereas leaders assign primarily routine jobs to in-group subordinates and monitor their work closely. b) Leaders usually impose their views on out-group subordinates, whereas leaders sometimes defer to in-group subordinates' opinions. c) Leaders give specific directives for how to accomplish tasks and attain goals to in-group subordinates whereas leaders trust out-group subordinates to use their own approaches in solving problems. d) Leaders listen to suggestions and ideas given by in-group subordinates, whereas little interest is shown in comments and suggestions given by out-group subordinates.
C.
According to the Leadership Grid, _____ occurs when primary emphasis is given to people rather than to work outputs. a) team management b) authority-compliance management c) middle-of-the-road management d) country club management
D.
Managers and leaders are different because: a) managers promote nonconformity while leaders promote conformity. b) managers maximize opportunities while leaders minimize risk for sure results. c) managers invest in people while leaders invest in goods. d) managers maintain stability while leaders promote change.
D.
Which of the following is an example of people-oriented leader behavior? a) Planning use of resources b) Setting performance expectations c) Evaluating performance d) Displaying trust
D.
Which of the following is an important aspect that should be kept in mind by active leaders? a) Uniform thinking should be encouraged among employees. b) Decision making should be avoided if adequate information is not available. c) Setbacks have to be managed with a pessimistic mindset. d) Competing points of view have to be managed, with some people left unsatisfied.
D.
Which of the following is an underlying dimension of job-centered leadership behavior? a) Leader support b) Interaction facilitation c) Conflict minimization d) Goal emphasis
D.
Which of the following statements is true of entrepreneurial leaders? a) They stay away from risks and are unwilling to stretch themselves. b) They refrain from taking up new opportunities. c) They want everything to stay the same. d) They are dissatisfied with the present.
D.
Which of the following statements is true of self-confidence? a) It includes being arrogant and prideful. b) It causes one to become jaded and pessimistic. c) It involves managing competing points of view. d) It includes knowing and trusting in oneself.
D.
Which of the following statements is true of the Vroom-Jago contingency model of leadership? Question options: a) It made the assumption that new leaders could take over as situations change. b) It states that the leader's responsibility is to increase subordinates' motivation to attain personal and organizational goals. c) It discusses the extent to which the leader's style is relationship- or task-oriented. d) It tells the leader precisely the correct amount of participation by subordinates to use in making a particular decision.
D.
According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, a task-oriented leader performs better in situations of moderate favorability because human relations skills are important in achieving high group performance. Question options: True False
False
According to the situational theory of leadership, the telling style reflects a low concern for both tasks and relationships. Question options: True False
False
