Energy Transformations

The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on its:

Motion

Thermal energy

Sand on the beach feels warm to the touch

The table shows information about four objects resting at the top of a hill. Which object is on the tallest hill? W X Y Z

Z

What are the two main types of energy? potential and electrical radiant and kinetic electrical and thermal kinetic and potential

kinetic and potential

Kinetic Energy

A box moving along a conveyer belt

Eddie and Val observed the picture of an athlete running in a race. Eddie stated the picture shows potential energy being transformed to kinetic energy. Val stated that it shows chemical energy being transformed to mechanical energy. Which best explains who is correct? Only Eddie is correct because the picture does not show a transformation that starts with chemical energy. Only Eddie is correct because the picture does not show a transformation that ends with mechanical energy. Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of potential energy and mechanical energy includes kinetic energy. Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of kinetic energy and mechanical energy includes potential energy.

Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of potential energy and mechanical energy includes kinetic energy.

The human body stores chemical energy from digested food. Some of the chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy when the body moves. Which statement is bestsupported by this information? The body does not convert chemical energy to thermal energy. The body does not convert chemical energy to kinetic energy. Digested food is a source of potential energy. Digested food is a form of radiant energy.

Digested food is a source of potential energy.

Identify the form of energy that matches each example. Energy from electromagnetic waves: Energy caused by changes in the structure of a nucleus: Energy resulting from movement and vibration of molecules: Energy an object has because of its position:

Radiant Energy Nuclear Energy Thermal Energy Potential Energy

What energy transformation is taking place in the photo? radiant energy to thermal energy thermal energy to nuclear energy chemical energy to thermal energy

chemical energy to thermal energy

Johanna is studying what happens to the energy as a ball rolls down a ramp. What is she studying? Check all that apply. gravitational potential energy electrical energy kinetic energy mechanical energy elastic potential energy

gravitational potential energy kinetic energy mechanical energy

Work can_________energy between objects and can cause a change in the form of energy.

transfer

Which factors are used to calculate the kinetic energy of an object? Check all that apply. gravity velocity volume mass height

velocity mass

What is nuclear energy? energy from solar panels energy locked in the nucleus of an atom energy of moving electrons energy that travels in waves

energy locked in the nucleus of an atom

This diagram shows a baseball's motion. Which statement is best supported by the diagram? Kinetic energy becomes potential energy between points R and S. Maximum potential energy is at point P. Maximum potential energy is at point R. Potential energy becomes kinetic energy between points P and Q.

Maximum potential energy is at point R.

The table shows information about four students who are running around a track. Which statement is supported by the information in the chart? Autumn has more kinetic energy than Chiang. Mohammed has less kinetic energy than Autumn. Lexy has more kinetic energy than Mohammed. Chiang has less kinetic energy than Lexy.

Mohammed has less kinetic energy than Autumn.

The diagram shows a swinging pendulum. Which best explains what happens to the motion of the pendulum? The mechanical energy transforms to thermal energy as the pendulum slows and eventually stops moving. The mechanical energy disappears as the pendulum slows and eventually stops moving. The pendulum will continue moving at the same speed until someone stops it because energy cannot be destroyed. The pendulum will slow down but will never stop moving because energy cannot be destroyed.

The mechanical energy transforms to thermal energy as the pendulum slows and eventually stops moving.

Olivia is on a swing at the playground. At which point is her kinetic energy increasing and her potential energy decreasing? W X Y Z

X

The process of generating electricity from dams and nuclear power plants is very different, but some of the energy transformations are the same. Which energy transformations occur in both dams and nuclear power plants? Check all that apply. kinetic energy to mechanical energy nuclear energy to thermal energy mechanical energy to electrical energy thermal energy to electrical energy

kinetic energy to mechanical energy mechanical energy to electrical energy

The sun emits electromagnetic waves at many frequencies, but mostly in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectrums. What kind of energy is this? nuclear radiant thermal chemical

radiant

A roller coaster with a potential energy of 235,200 J sits at the top of a 30 m high hill. What is the mass of the roller coaster? (Formula: PE = mgh) 800 kg 7,840 kg 8,000 kg 78,400 kg

800 kg

A sled is at rest at the top of a 2 m high slope. The sled has a mass of 45 kg. The sled's potential energy is:

882

Simone created a chart to summarize the energy transformations that take place when energy from the wind is used to generate electricity. Which best completes the chart? nuclear energy transformed to electrical energy chemical energy transformed to electrical energy radiant energy transformed to mechanical energy kinetic energy transformed to mechanical energy

kinetic energy transformed to mechanical energy

When Javier touches a hot mug of tea, energy is transferred from the surface of the mug to his hand. What kind of energy is this? nuclear radiant thermal chemical

thermal

Almost all energy on Earth comes from the:

Sun

What is the original source of energy for gasoline? plants Sun petroleum fossil fuels

Sun

If Jerome is swinging on a rope and transferring energy from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy, ________ is being done.

work

Plants are responsible for a very important energy transformation, as shown. Which energy transformation does the picture best illustrate? radiant to chemical nuclear to mechanical chemical to thermal mechanical to chemical

radiant to chemical

A number of energy transformations occur when water that is stored behind a dam is changed into electrical energy. For each step listed, identify the energy transformation. Lake water flows downward through tunnels: Flowing water turns turbines: Turbines generate electricity:

potential to kinetic kinetic to mechanical mechanical to electrical

When a person strikes and lights a match, potential energy in the match is transformed into which types of energy? electrical and thermal thermal and radiant radiant and nuclear nuclear and kinetic

thermal and radiant

An object has a velocity of 8 m/s and a kinetic energy of 480 J. What is the mass of the object? 7.5 kg 15 kg 60 kg 120 kg

15 kg

Gravitational potential energy

A piece of fruit hanging from a tree.

Identify characteristics of energy from the Sun. Check all that apply. Almost all of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. Energy from the Sun is known as mechanical energy. The energy in fossil fuels originally came from the Sun. Plants convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy.

Almost all of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. The energy in fossil fuels originally came from the Sun. Plants convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy.

As a person pushes a box across a floor, the energy from the person's moving arm is transferred to the box, and the box and floor become warm. During this process, energy is:

Conserved

During nuclear fission and fusion, matter that seems to disappear is actually converted into:

Energy

Which is an example of transforming potential energy to kinetic energy? Check all that apply. changing thermal energy to electrical energy changing chemical energy to thermal energy changing nuclear energy to radiant energy changing radiant energy to electrical energy changing mechanical energy to chemical energy

changing chemical energy to thermal energy changing nuclear energy to radiant energy

Radiant Energy

Radio waves transmitted from a tower

What are the two main types of energy? radiant and chemical thermal and radiant potential and chemical kinetic and potential

kinetic and potential

What is the energy of an object because of its potential and kinetic energies? chemical energy electrical energy nuclear energy mechanical energy

mechanical energy

A battery has chemical energy, which can be used to generate thermal and radiant energy in a lightbulb. Which best explains what happens to the amount of energy in this scenario? The total energy in the system increases because chemical energy creates thermal and radiant energy. The total energy in the system decreases because chemical energy disappears as thermal and radiant energy are generated. The total energy in the system remains the same as the decrease in chemical energy equals the increase in thermal and radiant energy. The total energy in the system remains the same as the increase in chemical energy equals the decrease in thermal and radiant energy.

The total energy in the system remains the same as the decrease in chemical energy equals the increase in thermal and radiant energy.

A soccer ball is traveling at a velocity of 50 m/s. The kinetic energy of the ball is 500 J. What is the mass of the soccer ball? 0.1 kg 0.2 kg 0.4 kg 0.5 kg

0.4 kg

The diagram shows a person holding a bow and arrow. Which will most likely increase the kinetic energy in this system? pulling farther back on the string releasing the string holding the arrow higher decreasing the mass of the arrow

releasing the string

Which is occurring when work is being done? Energy is being reverted. Energy is being decreased. Energy is being increased. Energy is being transferred.

Energy is being transferred.

_______energy is the energy an object has because of its motion.

Kinetic

Electrical energy

Lightning produced during a storm.

Which statement best compares potential and kinetic energy? Objects always have more potential energy than kinetic energy. Only kinetic energy increases when the velocity of an object increases. Only potential energy decreases when an object's height increases. Objects always have more kinetic energy than potential energy.

Only kinetic energy increases when the velocity of an object increases.

A car is moving at 12 m/s and has a mass of 600 kg. What is the kinetic energy of the car? 36,300 J 43,200 J 72,600 J 86,400 J

43,200 J

Which statement is an example of the law of conservation of energy? A soccer ball eventually stops because its energy disappears. When a light bulb is turned on, electrical energy is converted to light and heat. An automobile engine burns gasoline to converts its chemical energy to electrical energy.

When a light bulb is turned on, electrical energy is converted to light and heat.

The image shows a dam. Which descriptions best fit the labels? X: kinetic energy Y: potential energy X: potential energy Y: kinetic energy X: mechanical energy Y: electrical energy X: electrical energy Y: mechanical energy

X: potential energy Y: kinetic energy

Which set of terms best defines what affects kinetic energy and potential energy, respectively? position, gravity gravity, position velocity, height height, velocity

velocity, height

Energy can be transformed from one form to another. The diagram shows one such process. Which energy transformation is represented in the diagram? nuclear to thermal and radiant nuclear to electrical and chemical chemical to nuclear and radiant chemical to electrical and nuclear

nuclear to thermal and radiant

The kinetic energy of a ball with a mass of 0.5 kg and a velocity of 10 m/s is

25J

What is one energy transformation that is taking place in the photo? radiant energy to thermal energy thermal energy to nuclear energy chemical energy to thermal energy radiant energy to chemical energy

radiant energy to chemical energy

When Anna eats an apple, the sugars in that apple are broken down into the substance called glucose. Glucose is then burned in her body for energy. One of the body parts that needs this energy is the heart, which beats due to electrical impulses. A byproduct of this glucose breakdown is the heat that warms her body and is later released. Which identifies the energy transformations that take place in Anna's body as this process takes place? Mechanical energy is converted to kinetic energy, which is then converted to potential energy. Chemical energy is converted to thermal energy and electrical energy. Electrical energy is converted to chemical energy and thermal energy. Mechanical energy is converted to potential energy which is then converted to kinetic energy.

Chemical energy is converted to thermal energy and electrical energy.

If the kinetic and potential energy in a system are equal, then the potential energy increases. What happens as a result? Total energy increases. Stored energy decreases. Energy of motion decreases. Total energy decreases.

Energy of motion decreases.

Shondra takes notes in class. I. Electromagnetic Waves II. The ability to work - Has many forms - Mechanical III. Potential energy - Chemical - Elastic - Gravitational Kinetic energy - Energy of movement - Electrical IV. Nuclear - Radiant - Thermal One line of Shondra's notes is irrelevant to the rest of her notes. Which line is about a different topic than the rest of Shondra's notes? I II III IV

I

Ella has a mass of 56 kg, and Tyrone has a mass of 68 kg. Ella is standing at the top of a skateboard ramp that is 1.5 meters tall. Which conclusion is best supported by the given information? If Tyrone stands at the top of the same ramp, his potential energy will be less than Ella's. If Tyrone stands at the top of a 1 m high ramp, his potential energy will be greater than Ella's. If Tyrone stands at the top of the same ramp, his potential energy will be the same as Ella's. If Tyrone stands at the top of a 2 m high ramp, his potential energy will be greater than Ella's.

If Tyrone stands at the top of a 2 m high ramp, his potential energy will be greater than Ella's.

Abin is doing work by lifting a bowling ball. Which statement could be made about the energy in this situation? It is being transferred from the ball to his arm muscles. It is being transferred from his arm muscles to the ball. It would be recorded in units of hertz and power. It would be cause a change in energy from potential to chemical.

It is being transferred from his arm muscles to the ball.

Alana summarized what happens when a ball sitting on top of a grassy hill rolls down the hill. The motionless ball has potential energy. Once the ball starts to roll down the hill, new kinetic energy is made. As the ball rolls across the grass, it slows down. The kinetic energy of the ball is converted to other forms of energy. Which best describes Alana's error? The motionless ball does not have energy because it is still. Kinetic energy is not made; it is a result of energy transformation. The ball cannot slow down unless someone touches it. The energy is not converted; it disappears.

Kinetic energy is not made; it is a result of energy transformation.

Savion listed the steps involved when nuclear power plants generate electricity. 1. Nuclear reaction occurs. 2. Nuclear energy is converted to radiant and thermal energy. 3. Heat is used to generate steam. 4. Light and heat are released. 5. Steam turns turbines. 6. Mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy. Which best explains how to correct Savion's error? In step 2, change "radiant and thermal " to "chemical and mechanical." Reorder the steps so that step 4 appears before step 3. Reorder the steps so that step 6 appears before step 5. In step 6, change "mechanical" to "thermal."

Reorder the steps so that step 4 appears before step 3.

Which statement best describes the work and energy in these examples? Example 1: Running a car requires gas. Example 2: Humans require food to live. The gas and food are examples of energy. The gas and food are examples of work. The gas and humans are examples of work. The food and car are examples of energy.

The gas and food are examples of energy.

What happens in terms of energy when a moving car hits a parked car, causing the parked car to move? The moving car transfers kinetic energy to the parked car. Kinetic energy in the moving car disappears. Kinetic energy in the parked car is created. The parked car transfers kinetic energy to the moving car.

The moving car transfers kinetic energy to the parked car.

The diagram shows a ball resting at the top of a hill. Which statement best describes the energy in this system? The potential energy in the system is greatest at X. The kinetic energy in the system is greatest at X. Total energy in the system decreases as the ball moves from X to Y. Total energy in the system increases as the ball moves from X to Y.

The potential energy in the system is greatest at X.

This diagram shows a skier moving down a hill. Which statement best describes the skier? The skier has potential and kinetic energy. The skier has only potential energy. The skier has only kinetic energy. The skier does not have potential or kinetic energy.

The skier has potential and kinetic energy.

Taro stated that when someone hits a golf ball with a club, the amount of energy the ball has changes, the amount of energy that the club has changes, and the total energy of the system that includes the ball and the club increases. Which best explains Taro's error? The amount of energy that the ball has does not change. The amount of energy that the club has does not change. The total energy of the system remains the same. The total energy of the system decreases.

The total energy of the system remains the same.

Four people make observations recorded in the table. Which best describes what all of the observations have in common? They involve nuclear energy. They involve radiant energy. The involve changes in waves. They involve changes in energy.

They involve changes in energy.

Gabriel is performing an experiment in which he is measuring the energy and work being done by a ball rolling down a hill. Which statement best describes Gabriel's measurements? They will remain constant. They will both be recorded in joules. They will both be recorded in hertz. They will involve compressions.

They will both be recorded in joules.

Which statement best defines the relationship between work and energy? Work can transfer energy between objects and increase radiant energy. Work can transfer energy between objects and cause a change in the form of energy. Work can transfer energy between objects and decrease nuclear energy. Work can transfer energy between objects and cause a change in the amount of total energy.

Work can transfer energy between objects and cause a change in the form of energy.

Which activity directly converts energy from the Sun into chemical energy? a snake lying on a sunny rock to keep warm a rabbit using energy from food it has eaten to run a bean plant making its own food to grow a person burning firewood to cook food

a bean plant making its own food to grow

Seema knows the mass of a basketball. What other information is needed to find the ball's potential energy? the volume and height the ball reaches the volume and shape of the ball acceleration due to gravity and the height the ball reaches acceleration due to gravity and the shape of the ball

acceleration due to gravity and the height the ball reaches

Visit this website and read about pendulums. Then complete the sentences based on the diagram of the pendulum. Be sure to keep this website open because there will be several questions related to it. The pendulum has the most potential energy: The pendulum has the least kinetic energy: The pendulum has the most kinetic energy: The pendulum has the least potential energy

at the top of the swing at the top of the swing at the bottom of the swing at the bottom of the swing

What are two types of mechanical energy? electrical and kinetic nuclear and chemical radiant and thermal elastic and gravitational

elastic and gravitational

What kind of energy involves the flow of positive charges? thermal radiant electrical nuclear

electrical

Go to the roller coaster simulation and click on the "launch" button. Pay attention to the pie chart as the roller coaster moves and fill in the blank. Be sure to keep this website open because there will be several questions related to it. The kinetic energy ________as the roller coaster goes downhill. Click the "step" button on the simulation to observe the energy at different points on the roller coaster ride. Kinetic energy is greatest at_______? Potential energy is greatest at ______? Kinetic energy is decreasing while potential energy is increasing between points________? Which chart comes closest to the relationship between kinetic energy and potential energy at point 6?

increases Point 2 Point 1 3 and 4 the middle one

Atoms contain subatomic particles called protons and neutrons. When these protons and neutrons split, a lot of energy is released. What kind of energy is this? nuclear radiant thermal chemical

nuclear

Solar-powered cars use energy from the Sun to work. A panel on the car absorbs light energy from the Sun, which then generates an electric current. This electric current, in turn, allows the car to move. Which shows the correct order of energy transformations that take place in a solar-powered car? electrical, chemical, kinetic electrical, kinetic, radiant radiant, chemical, electrical radiant, electrical, mechanical

radiant, electrical, mechanical

When a spring is compressed, the energy changes from kinetic to potential. Which bestdescribes what is causing this change? work power gravitational energy chemical energy

work