Sociology Final Study Guide

When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of:

A Double Standard

In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______.

A degradation ceremony

Reliability is defined by the text as:

A measure of a study's consistency that consider how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

Which of the following best defines a social movement?

A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal.

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:

A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely.

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective.

Conflict Theory

Why has e-waste become an issue, especially in the 21st century?

E-waste not only contains harmful chemicals, but electronics become obsolete every six months or so, which means, every six months people are throwing away perfectly good electronics in order to get the newest one. This has led to an enormous increase in the amount of trash people produce.

In the United States, which race would be considered the dominant group?

White

The term sexuality is defined by the text as:

A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex.

A sociologist studying how religious beliefs become so deeply rooted in people that they can hate people of other religions probably is:

Conflict theorist

Juan believes that battles such as the French Revolution are necessary for a country to preserve liberty, to maintain or gain land, and will ultimately lead to a more even distribution of wealth among a population. From which sociological perspective do Juan's thoughts come from?

Conflict theory

An instrumental leader:

Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)?

The victims of IPV do not report the abuse

Child labor and sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution and even before that. Many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even though, living in the 21st century, we like to think we are above such practices. What is one practical way we can try and stop multinational companies from using such labor?

We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them

Polygyny is:

When a man is married to more than one wife at once

Anil has noticed that infertility has been affecting many of his intergenerational friends and family. Based on this observation, Anil is writing his senior thesis on the effects that certain cities, water quality, and hormones might have on his friends. Anil will most likely approach his findings and paper using which theory?

Zero population growth

When social movements link their goals to the goals of other social movements and merge into a single group, this is referred to as:

Frame alignment process

Shane believes that the commodification of health has created a large number of problems within the United States. From which sociological perspective does this come from?

Conflict theory

Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity?

Conflict theory

What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society?

Constructivism

What type of nations are the greatest sources of greenhouse gases?

Core Nations

Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a Ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime?

Corporate crime

Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of:

Cultural capital

The United States Government is a form of

A bureaucracy

Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity?

A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama

88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________.

Absolute poverty

An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is:

Factories using child labor

Kendra believes the U.S. government to be corrupt, and thinks that there should be no governing force to control people's lives. Kendra believes:

Anarchy

Pollution, like many other issues in the world, has become a global issue. What was the name of the agreement that several countries signed as a way to pledge the lessening of carbon emissions?

Kyoto Protocol

When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of

Liberation Theology

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____.

Macro-level; micro-level

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?

Making eye contact while speaking

Tarah is attending a sold-out Counting Crows concert at Madison Square Garden, with thousands of other Counting Crows fans. Tarah is part of a:

Mass

What is one difference between a more and a folkway?

Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not.

Women's employment outside the agricultural sector remains under 20 percent in:

Northern and Western

Roberto has just moved to a new city. He does not know anyone but he wants to find a mosque where he can practice Islam. Which theory will Roberto use, either consciously or subconsciously, to make a decision?

Rational choice theory

Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects?

Sacred; profane

Drake lives in Great Britain, where the British government owns and operates the country's health care system. This is an example of:

Socialized medicine

In which country is sex education required in public schools?

Sweden

In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society?

Symbolic Interactionism

Which sociological perspective sees technology and media as a tool individuals use to express how much wealth they have?

Symbolic Interactionist

You are interested, like Durkheim, in how ordinary objects become sacred. Which theoretical approach will help you most in analyzing the data you collect?

Symbolic interactionism

Until 1973 homosexuality was considered a psychological disorder American Psychological Association. Which sociological perspective would be most concerned with why this was considered an illness, and what effect that diagnosis had on society?

Symbolic interactionist

Susan has the newest iPhone, iPad, iPod, and Mac. When a new Apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n):

Technophile

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:

The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois

According to Neil Smelser, several conditions must be in place for _________________ to occur?

Collective behavior

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.

Structural Functionalists

Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the _____________.

Underground economy