Unit 2 Section 2

A hypertonic solution is one that contains:

A greater concentration of solute than the cell

The energy required for active transport processes is obtained from:

ATP

Membrane pumps are an example of which type of movement?

Active transport

The "uphill" movement of a substance through a living cell membrane is:

Active transport

A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called:

An allosteric effector

Enzymes that cause essential chemical reactions to occur are called:

Catalysts

Nurse Bricker was instructed to dissolve a pill in a small amount of liquid medication. As she dropped the capsule into the liquid, she was interrupted by the telephone. On her return to the medication cart, she found the medication completely dissolved and apparently scattered evenly throughout the liquid. This phenomenon did not surprise her because she was aware from her knowledge of cell transport that ______________ had created this distribution.

Diffusion

Osmosis is the ________ of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Diffusion

Carboxylases

Enzymes that add or remove carbon dioxide

Carrier-mediated passive transport

Facilitated diffusion

Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically expensive process.

False

Glycolysis is aerobic.

False

Osmosis is a form of filtration that results in the separation of small and large solute particles.

False

The "lock and key" model is used to describe how DNA base pairs align.

False

Which movement always occurs down a hydrostatic pressure gradient?

Filtration

The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as:

Hydrostatic pressure

what is the solution that draws water from a cell

Hypertonic

solution that causes cells to swell

Hypotonic

two fluids that have the same potential osmotic pressure

Isotonic

Which of the following statements is NOT true of glycolysis?

It is also known as the Kerbs cycle

Which of the following activates enzymes by means of an allosteric effect?

Kinases

The Krebs cycle takes place in the

Mitochondria

permeant

Molecule able to diffuse across a particular membrane

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeant solute is referred to as:

Osmosis

Movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is:

Passive transport

The trapping of bacteria by specialized white blood cells is an example of:

Phagocytosis

Which of the following is NOT a passive transport process?

Pinocytosis

Enzymes are:

Proteins

Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway that begins with glucose and ends with

Pyruvic acid

Molecules that are acted upon by enzymes are known as:

Substrates

The third step in cellular respiration is

The electron transport system

Cellular secretion can be achieved by exocytosis.

True

Protein anabolism is a major cellular activity

True

Solutes are particles dissolved in a solvent.

True

The citric acid cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle.

True

The portion of an enzyme molecule that chemically "fits" the substrate molecule(s) is referred to as the active site.

True

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of an active transport process.

True

The three processes that compose cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system.

True

Aquaporins

Type of membrane channel

passive transport

diffusion

active transport

endocytosis

pepsin

enzyme

first stage of cellular respiration

glycolysis

A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than living red blood cells would be:

hypertonic

A red blood cell becomes engorged with water and will eventually lyse, releasing hemoglobin into the solution. The solution is __________ to the red blood cell.

hypotonic

Endocytosis

phagocytosis

Membrane channels

protein "tunnels"

Bobbi ran in the Boston marathon. During the race she lost a lot of fluids through perspiration and became dehydrated. Would you expect her cells to shrink, swell, or remain the same?

shrink

Most enzymes are

specific in their action, alter their function by changing the shape of the molecule, synthesized as inactive proenzymes

An example of a cell that performs phagocytosis is the

white blood cells

pinocytosis

"cell drinking"

In naming enzymes, the root name of the substance whose chemical reaction is catalyzed is followed by the suffix:

-ase