MAN 3025- Final Exam: Chapters 10-13

Hygiene Factors (Herzberg)

- hygiene: factors that by their absence, inhibit performance but any addition in them does not increase efficiency or productivity. Thus they are extrinsic to the job - basic needs for a job

Recommendations (ToKnight Show, Chapter 12)

-Internships -rely on technology

Why are teams important in the college of business?

-working with other people -still working with a team

Why join a group?

1. needs/satisfaction 2. Achieve goal 3. Provide knowledge 4. Security/interpersonal needs 5. Positive social identity/self-concept

Effective Communication (case of the orange) (ToKnight Show, Chapter 12)

8000 to buy a whole orange, the money is needed for the orphanage person A offers 5000 bc of their terminally ill son and he only needs HALF of the orange person B offers 5000 bc of their terminally ill son and she only needs the juice for the orange END RESULT: The 8000 offer, the sponsor bargains 4000 from person A who only needs half of the orange, and bargains 4000 person B who only needs the juice from the orange

Team

A group of people who work together to set goals, make decisions, solve problems, and put ideas into action.

Which of the following is an example of upward communication in organizations?

A leave request sent by a team member to the team manager

Communication

A process through which you send messages to and receive messages from others.

Path-Goal Theory of Leadership

A theory that states that the most important aspect in leadership is the follower's expectation that a task can be accomplished and that it will lead to rewards.

Entrepreneurship

Accepting the risk of starting and running a business.

Motivators (Herzberg)

Achievement, recognition, stimulating work, growth, advancement, positive culture

Body Language (ToKnight Show, Chapter 12)

Be prepared, be mindful, have confidence

Nour learned that the upcoming company reorganization is likely to impact her department, meaning changes of duties for some of them. Nour quickly shared this information with the members of her team, and by the end of the day, word was spreading that many of them were going to be let go. Word got back to Rene, the department manager. While it is true that a reorganization is in the works, there are no plans to eliminate any positions. How can Rene minimize the damage that the grapevine does?

By clearly and openly explaining that no one will lose their jobs

decision making

Choosing among two or more alternatives.

Nour's group gets along well and never experiences any conflict. All group members agree when someone has a new suggestion or idea. If no conflict is ever experienced, what might be the outcome for the group?

Complacency

When groups or an individual agree to a middle-range position between two extremes during conflict resolution efforts, what are they working toward?

Compromise

conforming

Doing something against the individual's own inclinations, but not doing with the intention of matching the behaviour of the majority.

process theory of motivation

Focus on explaining the process by which internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation

Equity Theory of Motivation

Focuses on the desire to be treated with equity and to avoid perceived inequity

Juan sent a memo to his staff regarding the new procedures for ordering new equipment. Later in the week, he checked in with individual staff members to ensure that they received the memo and to find out if they had any questions or concerns. Which organizational skill is Juan demonstrating?

Following-up

Dajhia heard rumors about an upcoming merger that she knew, as a person on the team looking into the potential merger, were incorrect. She decided to write a memo to her employees dispelling the rumors. Which of the following types of communication was Dajhia responding to?

Grapevine

What is the first step in the communication process?

Having a fact, idea, or opinion to share

content theory of motivation

Identifies physical or psychological conditions that act as stimuli for human behaviors. Also referred to as the basic needs model.

Situational factors (social factors)

Influences such as stages of life, family schedules financial resources, knowledge, skills and peer group

Qualities of a leader

Integrity, Courage, Initiative, Energy, Optimism, Perseverance, Balance, Ability to handle stress, Self-awareness

Which of the following is a disadvantage of oral communication?

It is prone to being inaccurate.

Shareen always starts her staff meetings at exactly 8:00 a.m., and all employees are expected to be there on time. If someone is late, they are chastised for holding everyone else up. However, Shareen has been late for the last two meetings, and no one made any comments about it. This is due to _____.

Norm Variation

During the _____ stage of group development, group members begin to recognize and accept their roles, and understand the roles of other members.

Norming

Jinhoon and Aviva have worked together on several projects, and they have enjoyed working together. On occasion, they get together with their spouses and spend time socializing on weekends. Which of the following does this relationship describe?

Positive interpersonal dynamics

Which of the following can make an informal leader a desirable asset in a group?

Referent or expert power

Which of the following stems from poor job descriptions or unclear cues from coworkers?

Role Ambiguity

The types of communication between negotiators, the potential outcomes of the negotiation, and the relative power of the parties are among the factors investigated in which approach to negotiation?

Situational Characteristics

People who support one another and who work well together can accomplish much more than people who do not support one another and who do not work well together. What is this an example of?

Synergy

Which of the following is a situational factor that contributes to norm conformity?

Team size

Leadership

The action of leading a group of people or an organization

One of the primary approaches to negotiation is to study individual characteristics. Which of the following is an example of an individual characteristic?

The degree of Machiavellianism

achievement leadership

The leader expects subordinates to set high level performance goals and objectives

behavior

The way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment.

Mistakes (ToKnight Show, Chapter 12)

Time, sense of time, respect

SunBird Communications Corp. is an organization with offices in a number of cities. The human resources (HR) department interviews the candidates remotely. Each member of the HR department then posts his or her comments on an internal review file. This is an example of a(n) _____.

Virtual Team

participative leadership

a leadership style in which the leader consults employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions

supportive leadership

a leadership style in which the leader is friendly and approachable to employees, shows concern for employees and their welfare, treats them as equals, and creates a friendly climate

directive leadership

a leadership style in which the leader lets employees know precisely what is expected of them, gives them specific guidelines for performing tasks, schedules work, sets standards of performance, and makes sure that people follow standard rules and regulations

Motivation

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Goal Setting Theory

a theory that says that specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance

Groups

all those persons who perform the task of managing an enterprise.

An advantage of teams in an organization is that they enable the organization to shed its _____.

bureaucracy

Why is game theory often unworkable in real negotiations?

c. Negotiators do not always act rationally

nonverbal communication

communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech

Which of the following is a conflict resolution technique that requires a reasonable degree of maturity and uses a direct approach of addressing the conflict and working together to resolve it?

confrontation

Which approach to negotiation tries to predict how negotiators will depart from rationality and focuses on providing advice to negotiators actively involved in negotiations?

decision analytic

Vikranta is reading a policy letter about absences. In terms of the communication process, this is an example of _____.

decoding

The EPA is considering two different sticker designs for auto fuel economy. One design included a letter grade A+ to D, but a few members argued that the letter grade fell short because it is imbued with memories people have of school. Some others argued that it was simple and easy to understand. The result was that neither of the parties tried to understand what the other was saying. This scenario best exemplifies the organizational barrier of _____.

different perceptions

The process of establishing a role structure begins with the _____ role.

expected

verbal communication

expressing ideas to others by using spoken words

Elena is getting to know the other members of her project team. A group structure is beginning to emerge as the members establish some basic ground rules and figure out acceptable behaviors and roles. This group is in the _____ stage of development.

forming

The nursing staff in the operating room at the local hospital are an example of a(n) _____.

functional group

Rabeya works with L'Meese and Tariq, but she does not know them well. L'Meese and Tariq are active in a lunchtime book club and invited Rabeya to join them. Rabeya joined because she enjoys reading. Why did Rabeya decide to join this group?

group activities

Norm Conformity

group or team pressure an initial (ambiguous) stimulus prompting group behavior individual traits that reflect their propensity to conform the influence of situational factors related to the group if you don't conform to what is expected you are going to have to leave

In general, as teams become more cohesive, their members tend to _____.

interact more frequently, conform more to norms, and become more satisfied with the team.

Competition for scarce resources, especially funding, can often lead to which type of conflict within an organization?

intergroup

The receiving manager at Kennil rejected the last two shipments of raw materials from Pexway, claiming that the material was inferior. Pexway insists that the shipments met the standards as outlined in the agreement between the two companies. Kennil wants Pexway to reimburse them for time lost, and Pexway is demanding compensation for the material, which they cannot resell. This is an example of _____ conflict.

interorganizational conflict

Emily thinks Alex is a narcissist who only wants to talk about himself, and therefore tries to avoid him. They have _____.

interpersonal conflict

Emily thinks Alex is a narcissist who only wants to talk about himself, and therefore tries to avoid him. They have _____

interpersonalconflict

gaze

involves movements and direction of the eyes in visual interaction

Types of Power

legitimate, reward, coercive, referent, expert

Lisette has just moved to a new city. In order to meet new people, she joined a local book club. She did this for _____.

needs satisfaction

norm variation

norms and their application vary within a group or team (internal)

Which type of conflict results from a discrepancy between the role requirements and the individual's personal values, attitudes, and needs?

person-role

individual traits

personality traits that define a person's unique individual qualities

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

referent power

power that comes from subordinates' and coworkers' respect, admiration, and loyalty

reward power

power that comes from the ability to provide rewards or favors

coersive power

power that comes from the ability to punish

expert power

power that is based on the special knowledge, skills, and expertise that a leader possesses

Sushil is the director of Human Resources, and is meeting with several division level managers to plan staffing for the new product launch. Which type of team is Sushil a part of?

problemsolving

Initial stimulus

produces a response that reinforces the stimulus

Norms

rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members

In group role structure, the _____ role comprises the messages and cues that group members use to communicate their expectations to another member.

sent

Acknowledging the existence of conflict but downplaying its importance is known as _____.

smoothing

The top management of a beverage manufacturing company has put together a team to handle the marketing of its new health drink. However, the team members are unable to agree on the best way to equitably divide the group tasks. In addition, two group members are trying to take over the leadership role, and this has led to more conflict. This group is at the _____ stage of group development.

storming

Which of the following stages of group development is often characterized by a general lack of unity and uneven interaction patterns?

storming

A technology firm creates a group whose only purpose is to develop a pre-launch marketing strategy for a new product. The group will disband one month after the product is launched. This is an example of a(n) ________ group.

task

Trini always keeps the interim deadlines in mind as well as her team's final project due date. She makes sure that the team meets those interim dates, whether it is by encouraging more work hours, finding additional resources, or some other solution. Trini is filling a _____ role.

task specialist

Gore Associates Inc., is considering giving workers who perform tasks more responsibility for their performance. This includes giving those workers greater authority and the freedom to make more decisions. Gore Associates is considering reorganizing into _____.

teams

norm assimilation

the ability of a workplace to quickly bring a new employee up to speed with regard to the organizational culture

achievement theory of motivation

the desire to direct your behavior toward excelling, succeeding, or outperforming others at some task

norm of reciprocity

the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future

Forming

the first stage of team development, in which team members meet each other, form initial impressions, and begin to establish team norms

Performing Stage of Group Development

the fourth stage in group development, during which the group is fully functional

norm generalization

the norms of one group cannot always be generalized to another group (external)

legitimate power

the power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization

The Nature of Leadership

the process of providing general direction and influencing individuals or groups to achieve goals

storming stage

the second stage in group development, characterized by intragroup conflict

Kinesics

the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication

Proxemics (Interpersonal Space)

the study of our perception and structuring of interpersonal and environmental space toe-to-toe

Expectancy Theory

the theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards

norming stage

the third stage in group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness

A group is defined as two or more people who ______.

who interact regularly to accomplish a common purpose or goal

Types of Teams

work teams, management teams, parallel teams, project teams, action teams