NS 334 Informatics Quizlet

A nurse is educating a patient on privacy of health information. The nurse explains that privacy is part of which federal law? A. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act B. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Act C. American Recovery and Reaffirmation Act D. Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act

A. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Which of the following terms is defined as any physical or mental health information created, received, or stored by a "covered entity" that can be used to identify an individual patient, regardless of the form of the health information. A. Protected health information B. Patient health information C. Provider health information D. None of these are correct.

A. Protected health information

A nursing instructor is teaching nursing students about informatics and evidence-based practice, which are key competencies in which of the following? A. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) B. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) C. National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) D. Translating Research into Practice Initiative (TRIP-II)

A. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

Microblogging occurs on/in: A. a tweet. B. a wiki. C. Skype. D. Instagram.

A. a tweet.

Different web address (domain) suffixes indicate who is responsible for creating a website. A web address sponsored by an educational institution would have which suffix? A. .com B. .edu C. .org D. .gov

B. .edu

A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Which type of knowledge will they use? A. Clinical B. Explicit C. Critical D. Indirect

B. Explicit

A nurse is caring for a complex patient with a multidisciplinary team. The nurse demonstrates autonomy, advanced critical thinking, and interpersonal skills. What challenge might this nurse have in working with the team? A. Inexperience in leadership B. Resistance to change C. Lack of expertise D. Difficulty making nursing judgments

B. Resistance to change

When healthcare agencies provide access to health information on websites they: A. expect people to follow the advice. B. must adhere to responsible information standards. C. are responsible for actions that people take as a result. D. are essentially practicing medicine.

B. must adhere to responsible information standards.

When nursing professionals work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product, they can be described as: A. practice managers. B. innovators. C. knowledge workers. D. seasoned professionals.

C. knowledge workers.

True or False? The user experience (UX) is the user's experience from interacting with an object, product, or service. It has been connected to the term usability and refers to the design of products and services with the user in mind in order to meet the user's needs.

True

True or False? Wearable technology is the next new frontier in human-technology interfacing where the devices we wear can also interject signals into our body.

True

True or False? Interactive screening forms housed on a patient portal have been shown to increase the number of emergency room visits.

True

reusability

information should be useful for a range of purposes

knowledge builder

A person who examines, interprets, and compares clinical data and trends with an eye toward improving clinical practice based on the available evidence.

intuition

A way of acquiring knowledge that cannot be obtained by inference, deduction, observation, reason, analysis, or experience.

Of the below options, which best describes the major goal of the eHealth Initiative: A. empower consumers to understand their health needs. B. manage health information. C. promote the ability to understand the economics of payment for services. D. promote technology as a means of improving healthcare worker satisfaction.

A. empower consumers to understand their health needs.

A patient is allergic to penicillin. A trigger in the electronic health record will alarm after which of the following occurs? A. A physician enters a medication order for penicillin. B. A nurse enters data into the patient's medical history. C. A pharmacist reviews the patient's demographic information. D. A nurse reviews the documentation on the patient's allergies in the electronic health record.

A. A physician enters a medication order for penicillin.

Which term refers to a nurse taking a few calming breaths, clearing his or her mind of clutter, and silently saying the patient's name a time or two before beginning the patient encounter? A. Centering B. Cognitive focus C. Psychological being D. All of these are correct.

A. Centering

A problem has been identified, and data on the performance of a process are collected at the beginning of the process. These data are known as which of the following? A. Process metrics B. System metrics C. Current state metrics D. Employee metrics

A. Process metrics

A critical care nurse is considering how the nursing care guidelines and policies could be modified to better respond to a patient's complex care needs. This is an example of which of the following? A. Reflective practice B. Patient-centered care C. Centering D. Caring between

A. Reflective practice

What is the term for an imitation of a real-life event or circumstance? A. Simulation B. Virtual world C. Game play D. Game mechanics

A. Simulation

International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP)

An agreed upon, designated set of terms that are used to record nursing care globally, including observations and interventions made by the nurse. This framework provides a means to share and compare nursing care across practice settings.

care ethics

An ethical approach to solving moral dilemmas encountered in health care that is based on relationships and a caring attitude toward others.

Augmented Reality (AR)

An interactive experience within a real-world environment that enhances real-world objects using virtually simulated, or computer-generated, perceptual information. It provides stimulation for multiple senses, including olfactory, visual, auditory, haptic, and somatosensory (e.g., pressure, pain, or warmth). It comprises apps; wearable technologies, such as glasses; and software that not only interacts with users, but also enhances their senses with data, information, audio, and images.

The universal denominator in the development of EHRs is

B. Patient safety

An informatics nurse is performing a workflow analysis, which is a necessity for which of the following? A. Financial well-being B. Safe patient care C. Patient satisfaction D. Nursing satisfaction

B. Safe patient care

Expansion of telehealth can impact the impending shortage of nurses in which of the following ways? A. Decreasing access to healthcare services for patients B. Improving patient satisfaction C. Increasing job retention and job satisfaction D. Increasing interdisciplinary collaboration

C. Increasing job retention and job satisfaction

True or False? Reflective journaling is critical for students, but not necessary for working nurses.

False

True or False? The art of nursing is the expert use and adaptation of empirical and scientific knowledge.

False

cognitive science

Interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information-processing perspective.

fidelity

The extent to which a simulation mimics the processes of a real environment; in the context of ethics, the right to what has been promised.

artificial intelligence (AI)

The field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies. This field attempts to capture the complex processes of human thought and intelligence.

confidentiality

The mandate that all personal information be safeguarded by ensuring that access is limited to only those who are authorized to view that information.

augmented intelligence

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to enhance but not replace decision-making with human intelligence.

True or False? A CIS may be used effectively as a staff development tool.

True

True or False? Our current definition of reality is crucial to understanding our new realities and how they are transforming our personal and professional lives.

True

über-connected world

Using social media tools, such as wikis, blogs, and other social networks, to connect employees and people globally. Companies are finding that über-connected workplaces are not only about applying a new set of tools, but also about adopting a cultural paradigm shift to establish an open environment where employees are supported and encouraged to collaborate, share, transform, and innovate virtually.

logic

a science that deals with the principles and criteria of validity of inference and demonstration: the science of the formal principles of reasoning

veracity

right to truth

accessibility

the information and knowledge needed to deliver care or manage a health service should be easy to access

epistemology

the study of the nature and origin of knowledge, that is, what it means to know

True or False? Information literacy initiates, sustains, and extends lifelong learning through abilities that may use technologies but are ultimately independent of them.

True

True or False? Interoperable EHRs are foundational to the development of HIEs.

True

True or False? Medical simulations use realistic 3D computer models of humans to investigate new medical possibilities and to test assumptions (learning-to-know skills). Simulations of drawing blood and complex medical operations are used to teach learning-to-do skills.

True

True or False? Morals are widely shared social conventions about right and wrong human conduct.

True

True or False? Much can be learned from the related fields of cognitive engineering, human factors, and ergonomics about how to make interfaces more compatible with their human users and the context of care.

True

True or False? Nurses may generate and record data from their own observations or with the assistance of various devices. Free text (informational data, such as drug dosages administered, resources used, and problems diagnosed) is recorded electronically. Free text is then interpreted and organized by some standardizing principle, either manually or by computer. In this way, data (often qualitative data that cannot be traditionally measured in a numeric sense) can be organized and processed. A central issue to the generation and analysis of free text data is the lack of a generally accepted set of terminology to capture nursing data.

True

True or False? Nurses who take care of their own health are more likely to be effective in patient and family care.

True

True or False? Nursing science focuses on the ethical application of knowledge.

True

True or False? Of particular interest in the TIGER initiative is the call to take an active role in the design and integration of informatics tools that are intuitive, affordable, usable, responsive and evidence based. This approach will promote truly new and innovative strategies for informatics education and create significant opportunities for collaboration between industry, academia, and clinical practice.

True

True or False? Once standardized, a term can be measured and coded.

True

True or False? Quantitative data collection tools or instruments include questionnaires, interviews, surveys, quizzes, assessments, email interviews, and web-based surveys.

True

True or False? Situations, experiences, education, and knowledge building promote transitions between types of knowledge workers.

True

True or False? The Foundation of Knowledge Model suggests that the most important aspect of information discovery, retrieval, and delivery is the ability to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate knowledge in ways that help those managing the knowledge reevaluate and rethink the way they understand and use what they know and have learned.

True

True or False? The Policy Committee established by the HITECH Act is responsible for making recommendations to the coordinator about how to implement the requirements of the HITECH Act, such as the technologies to use in the infrastructure.

True

True or False? The federal Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (HITECH Act) is part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). The ARRA was enacted to stimulate various sectors of the United States. The health information technology (HIT) industry was one area where lawmakers saw an opportunity to stimulate the economy and improve the delivery of health care at the same time.

True

True or False? The human interfaces for each of the various technologies are different and can even differ among different brands or versions of the same device.

True

True or False? The informaticist can facilitate interprofessional collaboration to improve patient care by enhancing the capability for sharing data and information in both synchronous and asynchronous formats.

True

explicit knowledge

knowledge that one can convey in letters, words and numbers. it can very exchanged or shared in the form of data, manuals, product specifications, principles, policies, and theories

A nurse using open access for a literature search would be able to obtain which of the following? A. Clinical guidelines produced by the federal government B. Nursing research articles with a small associated cost C. Evidence-based practice quality initiative templates D. Peer-reviewed, free journal articles

D. Peer-reviewed, free journal articles

A nurse reviews a patient's blood pressure measurements over the past 12 hours and recognizes that the blood pressure has been elevated. The clustering of these data represents: A. wisdom. B. a diagnosis. C. a data set. D. information.

D. information.

True or False? As AI becomes more sophisticated, it is likely to replace human decision-making in health care.

False

True or False? HIPAA was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1996 to monitor physicians and hospitals and enhance information exchange without consequences.

False

True or False? Qualitative data focus on numbers and frequencies, with the goal of describing a situation or looking for more robust relationships such as correlations and specific variable contributions to an outcome. This aim stands in contrast to quantitative analysis, which focuses on experiences and meaning.

False

knowledge dissemination

distribution and sharing of knowledge

connectionism

A component of cognitive science that uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to try to explain human intellectual abilities.

____________ is the process by which data collected during the course of a study are processed to identify trends and patterns of relationships. A. Data analysis B. Database management C. Data setting D. Data warehousing

A. Data analysis

A cognitive walkthrough: A. observes the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks. B. detects problems early in the design process. C. is the least expensive method. D. All of these are correct.

A. observes the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks.

A nurse accesses lab results of a patient not under the nurse's care in the electronic health record. The nurse is violating: A. patient confidentiality. B. patient safety. C. the state nurse practice act. D. care coordination.

A. patient confidentiality.

A patient with the comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, and fibromyalgia lives in a home in a rural area. A telenurse remotely monitors the patient's objective data, which would include: A. vital signs and blood glucose results. B. a 24-hour nutritional log. C. complaints of shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and shakiness. D. pain scores.

A. vital signs and blood glucose results.

An informatics nurse is tracking and assessing decision making through a clinical course of care, which ultimately will do what? A. Contribute to research databases B. Improve patient care C. Enhance collaboration between providers D. Reduce medical errors

B. Improve patient care

A ________________ is a tool designed to emulate some aspect of the clinical practice environment, which may be focused on a single task or designed to mimic a complete patient care situation. They encompass a broad range of devices, such as partial task trainers (e.g., an IV insertion arm); screen-based simulations, including simulated EHRs, simulated documentation, and simulated environments replicating a realistic patient care area (virtual simulation); and complex computer-driven human patient simulation manikins (latex-based simulation).

B. simulator

A nurse is explaining how cognitive informatics helps improve information technology in health care. Which statement by the nurse is correct? A. "Cognitive informatics helps build complex computer systems for human use." B. "Cognitive informatics examines how humans interact with computers so better information technology systems can be built." C. "Cognitive informatics looks at how the human brain processes data and information that comes from a computer." D. "Cognitive informatics examines how the human brain is similar to a computer."

B. "Cognitive informatics examines how humans interact with computers so better information technology systems can be built."

An elderly patient who lives alone is homebound and receives telehealth services. The telenurse has discovered that the patient often forgets to turn off appliances after use. Which of the following telehealth tools would the nurse recommend? A. A medication management device B. A sensor and activity-monitoring system C. A personal emergency response system D. A central station

B. A sensor and activity-monitoring system

A telenurse reviews a patient's blood sugar level and phones the patient to instruct them on a change in the dose of insulin. This process is known as which of the following? A. Knowledge gathering B. Knowledge dissemination C. Knowledge processing D. Knowledge generation

B. Knowledge dissemination

_________________ is the ability to manage results of all types electronically, including laboratory and radiology procedure reports, both current and historical. A. Electronic searching B. Results management C. Data warehousing D. Digital manipulation

B. Results management

In order to prepare future healthcare workers for the integration of VR into practice, what must occur in education? A. The current technologies must be explained to the students so they are aware of what is going on in practice. B. There must be a meaningful integration of the current technologies into the educational programming to prepare our future healthcare workforce. C. All healthcare educational programs must expose their students to the current technologies. D. The students must at least be able to define the technologies.

B. There must be a meaningful integration of the current technologies into the educational programming to prepare our future healthcare workforce.

A criminal attack on a network using software designed to guess passwords is known as: A. a zero day attack. B. a brute force attack. C. both a zero day attack and a brute force attack. D. None of these is correct.

B. a brute force attack.

A nurse is sitting at the same level as the patient, listening attentively, and nodding appropriately. These actions demonstrate: A. full presence. B. active listening. C. transcendence. D. physical presence.

B. active listening.

"Blog" is: A. being linguistic, on-game. B. an online journal. C. the German word for talking. D. None of these is correct.

B. an online journal.

The gap between those who have access to online information and those who do not is called the: A. know-do gap. B. digital divide. C. gray gap. D. weblog.

B. digital divide.

Multiple false alarms may lead to alarm fatigue and compromise patient safety by slow response or no response to physiologic alarms. Strategies to improve alarm response include: A. increasing the sensitivity of the physiologic monitors and feeding alarms directly to beepers or phones carried by professionals. B. feeding alarm data into a reporting database for further analysis. C. discouraging healthcare professionals from rounding with physicians because they are often guilty of ignoring alarms. D. All of these are correct.

B. feeding alarm data into a reporting database for further analysis.

A benefit for nurses to using technology for patient education is to: A. standardize the instructions. B. improve the compliance and documentation of education. C. access information from any website on the computer. D. easily distribute brochures to each patient.

B. improve the compliance and documentation of education.

Even though it is realistic to develop alerts, such as sepsis alerts, using the EHR, further research is necessary to comprehend how to design these alerts in order to actually change: A. the structure of the EHR. B. the healthcare provider's behavior. C. patient engagement. D. None of these is correct.

B. the healthcare provider's behavior.

nursing theory

Concepts, propositions, and definitions that represent a methodical viewpoint and provide a framework for organizing and standardizing nursing actions.

Characteristics of information that contribute to information chaos include: A. information overload or underload. B. information scatter. C. erroneous or conflicting information. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

A nurse is explaining cognitive science to a nursing student. Which statement indicates that the nursing student understands? A. "Cognitive science is based on knowledge being derived from experiences or senses." B. "Cognitive science is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge." C. "Cognitive science is computer modeling through artificial neural networks to explain human intellectual abilities." D. "Cognitive science pertains to how information is processed in the mind."

D. "Cognitive science pertains to how information is processed in the mind."

A nurse is interacting with a patient who is a digital native. This patient was probably born after: A. 1972. B. 1976. C. 1979. D. 1982.

D. 1982.

A nurse would read research on safety initiatives and reviews initiatives from which agency? A. Food and Drug Administration B. The Joint Commission C. Medical Product Safety Network D. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

D. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a combination of research findings and nonresearch evidence. What is/are the source(s) of nonresearch evidence? A. Organizational values B. Local data and context C. Patient preferences D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

In addition to organizational commitment of resources to address safety concerns, what is a key feature of a safety culture as identified by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality? A. Acknowledgment of the high-risk nature of an organization's activities and the determination to achieve consistently safe operations B. A blame-free environment where individuals are able to report errors or near misses without fear of reprimand or punishment C. Encouragement of collaboration across ranks and disciplines to seek solutions to patient safety problems D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Nurses gather atomic-level data reflected in: A. blood pressure. B. pulse rate. C. blood glucose. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

The use of teletechnology allows the telenurse to: A. evaluate a patient's status. B. use data to make decisions to better manage patients' health conditions. C. monitor a patient's vital signs. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Which of the following is an example of telemonitoring? A. Monitoring patient parameters during home-based nocturnal dialysis B. Cardiac and multiparameter monitoring of remote intensive care units C. Daily home telemonitoring of vital signs by patients D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Which of the following is/are most important when looking to adopt a simulated EHR? A. Cost and overall fidelity or realism B. Ease of use for the instructor and learner and flexibility of the system to be customized and used as a stand-alone tool or in the setting of a full-scale simulation scenario C. Technical support from the vendor, time to build or develop the patient database, and additional simulation materials included with the package D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

A nurse is learning about a new nursing skill through observations and interactions. This process is known as: A. epistemology. B. reasoning. C. development of wisdom. D. knowledge acquisition.

D. knowledge acquisition.

The nurse violates a patient's confidentiality and right to privacy by: A. discussing a patient's diagnosis with an authorized family member. B. discussing care-related information with the patient's respiratory therapist. C. providing a bedside report containing patient information to the oncoming nurse. D. looking up a colleague's diagnosis and laboratory results.

D. looking up a colleague's diagnosis and laboratory results.

New technologies in digital communications, electronic health records, and telehealth raise issues related to: A. justice and fidelity. B. comprehensiveness of care. C. the digital divide. D. privacy and confidentiality.

D. privacy and confidentiality.

eudaemonistic principles

Describes a system of ethical evaluation that involves consideration of which actions lead to being an excellent and happy person.

Educational games are goal oriented and may be competitive in nature. They should be fun and perhaps a bit fantastical and light-hearted. A particular game may or may not include exploratorylearning and social interaction. Although simulations are also goal oriented, the competition is generally subdued. True or False? Simulations are generally less realistic and are typically more fun to use.

False

True or False? Videos have been combined as earcons to represent relationships among data elements, such as the relationship of systolic to diastolic blood pressure.

False

virtue ethics

Theory that suggests that individuals use power to bring about human benefit. One must consider the needs of others and the responsibility to meet those needs.

intelligence

Mental ability to think logically, reason, prepare, ideate, assess alternative solutions to problems, problem solve by choosing a proposed solution, think abstractly, comprehend and grasp ideas, understand and use language, and learn.

Human Mental Workload (HMW)

Mental processing or cognitive demands placed on a person when he or she is interacting with technology.

True or False? A clinical use for telehealth technologies is providing disease prevention and promotion of good health. Examples include telephonic or smartphone app case management and patient education provided through asthma and weight management programs conducted in public schools.

True

True or False? A major barrier to widespread adoption of email and text messaging among American healthcare providers is the fact that reimbursement mechanisms for electronic healthcare interventions are inadequate or nonexistent.

True

True or False? A security breach is considered discovered as soon as an employee other than the individual who committed the breach knows or should have known of the breach, such as unauthorized access or even an unsuccessful attempt to access information.

True

True or False? A smart pump infusion system that employs EHR bidirectional interoperability automatically preprograms the infusion pump and records infusion parameters.

True

True or False? All nurses need to be engaged in the development and integration of a nationwide electronic health record.

True

True or False? As a clinical field, telenursing is part of telehealth and has many points of contact with other medical and nonmedical applications, such as telediagnosis, teleconsultation, and telemonitoring.

True

True or False? Automated medication dispensing devices promote patient safety through access security, safety, supply chain, and charge functions.

True

True or False? Caring interventions performed by humanoid nurse robots (HNRs) are nurse-directed.

True

True or False? Developing a process for sustainability and spread is a key component of a QI project.

True

True or False? Examining the workflow surrounding the use of technology enables better use of the technology and more efficient work.

True

True or False? Extended reality (XR) is an umbrella term where the X is the variable and can represent any letter so it covers all of the various forms of computer or digitally altered realities that currently exist and other immersive technologies to be developed. We can experience augmentation through total immersion.

True

True or False? HealthIT.gov emphasizes that EHRs hold the promise of transforming health care by improving all aspects of patient safety and promoting patient-centered care.

True

True or False? In deep transpersonal caring, both the caregiver and the care recipient may experience healing.

True

True or False? Mobile apps are software programs that operate or run on smartphones and other mobile communication devices. They can also be accessories that attach or connect to a smartphone or other mobile communication devices.

True

True or False? Nurses must be involved in "meaningful" data collection and reporting.

True

True or False? Nurses must know key aspects of national laws and organizational policies governing privacy and security of health information.

True

True or False? Patient identification, staff communication, and use of alarms are part of the Hospital National Patient Safety Goals.

True

True or False? Reality as we know it refers to the world or the state of things as they actually exist or the state of being actual or real.

True

True or False? Reporting big health data comes relatively late in the Big Health Data Life Cycle.

True

True or False? Robots are automated and/or smart machines that are programmed to complete the routine tasks typically done by a person. Robots are permeating throughout our healthcare delivery system; some assist with surgery, care for patients in place of nurses and others, and assume recurring tasks for nurses and doctors.

True

True or False? Simulated experiences in nursing education should contain the PEDA elements to provide important opportunities for students to hone critical thinking and clinical skills in a safe and supportive environment.

True

True or False? Some analysis and redesign efforts may occur weeks, months, or even years following the implementation of technology.

True

True or False? Some professionals have difficulty finding a balance between caring enough and caring too much.

True

True or False? The EHR can be used as an active learning tool within the classroom. Rather than requiring students to absorb information from a book, the EHR can become a powerful way for learners to make important connections about caring for patients with a specific disease process or to learn concepts of pathophysiology or pharmacology.

True

True or False? The EHR may be used to identify patients who qualify for research studies.

True

True or False? The artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) is the blending or combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and the infrastructure of the Internet of Things (IoT) to realize efficiencies and enhance human-technology interfacing and interactions.

True

True or False? The disruption in nursing that has come with personalized learning even extends to nursing curriculums.

True

True or False? The goal of health literacy for all is widely embraced in many sectors of health care, was a major goal of Healthy People 2010 and Healthy People 2020, and is continuing in Healthy People 2030.

True

True or False? We can capture data from our patients' wearable devices such as smart watches. The data we collect and analyze from smart devices permit us to forecast or predict health problems and personalize treatment, supporting personalized medicine.

True

reasoning

Way of thinking, calculating, interpreting, or introspectively rethinking or critically thinking through an issue; reflective thought to analyze or think through one's ideas and alternatives.

casuistry

a case-based ethical reasoning method that analyzed facts of a case in a sound, logical, and ordered manner

knowledge user

an individual or group that benefits from valuable, viable knowledge

ethical dilemma

arises when moral issues raise questions that cannot be answered with a simple, clearly defined rule, fact, or authoritative view

data

raw facts that lack meaning

morals

refer to social conventions about right and wrong human conduct that are so widely shared that they form a stable (although usually incomplete) communal consensus

ubiquity

with changing models of healthcare delivery, information and knowledge should be available anywhere

Nursing terminology must be easy to access, with information and knowledge available anywhere. These qualities can be described by which of the following terms? A. Accessibility and longevity B. Accessibility and standardization C. Accessibility and reusability D. Accessibility and ubiquity

D. Accessibility and ubiquity

Quantitative data collection tools or instruments generate numerical data rather than text-based data. Examples of these types of tools include: A. questionnaires. B. interviews, email interviews, and surveys, including web-based surveys. C. quizzes and assessments. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

nursing science

The ethical application of knowledge acquired through education, research, and practice to provide services and interventions to patients to maintain, enhance, or restore their health; to advocate for health; and to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate nursing knowledge to advance the nursing profession.

True or False? A key benefit of using electronic data collection is the ability to transmit data to another computer directly for compilation and analysis, thereby cutting down on the risk of error.

True

True or False? Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information processing perspective.

True

knowledge worker

a person who works with information and generates information and knowledge as a product

nursing informatics

a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice

knowledge generator

nursing researcher and nursing expert- a person who knows; they are able to answer questions, craft theories, find solutions to nursing problems or concerns, and innovate practice

A nurse is documenting in a new complex electronic health record system and duplicates patient data. This duplication most often occurs due to which of the following?

Clinical technology solutions are implemented poorly.

A nurse is caring for a patient who experiences a complication after surgery. The nurse understands the cause-and-effect relationship because her knowledge is based in: A. instinct. B. intuition. C. empiricism. D. reason.

D. reason.

An educational game—one designed for learning—is a subset of both play and fun, and is sometimes referred to as a(n): A. augmented reality game. B. casual game. C. children's game. D. serious game.

D. serious game.

wisdom

Knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into actions; the use of knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight to exercise sound judgment in practical matters. Sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (i.e., deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (i.e., education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge). Wisdom is the ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience, understanding, and insight while being prudent and sensible. It is focused on our own minds and is the synthesis of our experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge. Wisdom is the appropriate use of knowledge to solve human problems. It is knowing when and how to apply knowledge.

Bioinformatics (BI)

The application of computer science, information science, and cognitive science principles to biological systems, especially in the human genome field of study; an interdisciplinary science that applies computer and information sciences to solve biological problems.

transparent wisdom

applying knowledge in a practical way or translating knowledge into actions without conscious thought

tacit knowledge

individualized and highly personal, or private, knowledge including one's values or emotions

A nurse is teaching a peer about the Open Access Initiative and explains that the Internet serves as which of the following? A. A library of knowledge B. A consistent source of evidence-based practice C. A vehicle of clinical best practices D. A repository of translational research

A. A library of knowledge

A patient is admitted to a healthcare facility and has questions about the facility's privacy practices. To which of the following does the patient have a right? A. A paper copy of the notice of privacy practices of the facility B. An individual safeguard policy for the patient's protected health information C. A copy of staff training records on patient privacy D. An electronic copy of privacy disclosures for the facility

A. A paper copy of the notice of privacy practices of the facility

______________ is a type of study in which patients who have an outcome of interest and patients who do not have the outcome are identified; the researcher then looks back in time (typically using health records) to determine exposures and experiences that could have contributed to the outcome occurring or not occurring. A. Case control research B. Outcome research C. Focus group research D. Cohort research

A. Case control research

A nurse is reading a nursing research article and would like to translate the findings into clinical practice. Which of the following can help the nurse bridge the gap between research and practice? A. Identify a clinical mentor who can help with understanding the research. B. Initiate a nursing research study in the patient care nursing unit. C. Seek the opinion of an experienced peer to see if the research is valid. D. Ask a physician to explain the research findings and utility in nursing practice.

A. Identify a clinical mentor who can help with understanding the research.

A nurse researcher is initiating an evidence-based research project and understands that the initial step in translating research into practice is which of the following? A. Identifying the problem, issue, or topic in nursing practice B. Conducting an analysis of the patient outcomes and results C. Performing a comprehensive literature review of nursing journals D. Adapting practice to include the research

A. Identifying the problem, issue, or topic in nursing practice

A nurse has committed to lifelong learning and understands that it will come from which of the following? A. The knowledge generation and dissemination from other healthcare providers B. The knowledge acquisition and processing of other healthcare providers C. The generation of knowledge and research from medical health providers D. The research generation from nurse researchers and application of evidence

A. The knowledge generation and dissemination from other healthcare providers

A patient's electronic health record in a health system has been breached by an outside source. Which of the following is the priority action by the health system? A. The patient must be notified of the breach. B. The patient's insurance company should be notified immediately. C. The patient's family members must be notified of the breach. D. The patient's primary care provider should be notified first.

A. The patient must be notified of the breach.

The ________ is a student-centered discussion during which the participants and observers reflect on performance during the scenario and make recommendations for future practice. A. debrief B. assessment C. enactment D. prebrief

A. debrief

The American Association for Justice suggests that to improve care delivery and minimize error, the most important tools to employ are: A. electronic records and information systems to provide point-of-care decision support and automation. B. computer systems that track activities at the point-of-care automation. C. medication administration methodologies that provide care decision support and automation at the point of care. D. bar coding for patient care activities to provide access to information and automation at the point of care.

A. electronic records and information systems to provide point-of-care decision support and automation.

Integrating technology into the medication administration cycle mostly helps to reduce errors by: A. performing electronic checks against a database of safe medication administration parameters and providing alerts. B. reducing the workload and increasing the efficiency of clinicians. C. employing human factors engineering principles to streamline workflow processes. D. Allowing nurses and other health care providers a break from paying close attention to detail.

A. performing electronic checks against a database of safe medication administration parameters and providing alerts.

In ethics theory, nonmaleficence means: A. the obligation not to inflict harm intentionally. B. poor productivity or inefficiency. C. embracing cultural diversity. D. None of these is correct.

A. the obligation not to inflict harm intentionally.

A nurse takes a continuing education course on a new nursing skill. The application of this new knowledge in a practical way is known as: A. wisdom. B. skill competency. C. skill execution. D. reasoning.

A. wisdom.

A patient asks a telenurse about the efficiency of telenursing. Which of the following is the appropriate response by the nurse? A. "Telenursing is not very efficient because telenurses have more documentation to complete." B. "Telenursing reduces the need to have face-to-face interactions, which improves efficiency of care." C. "Telenursing reduces the amount of care required, which enables better use of nursing time." D. "Telenursing increases non-care-related tasks, so telenursing care must then be efficient."

B. "Telenursing reduces the need to have face-to-face interactions, which improves efficiency of care."

The cornerstones of safety as identified by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's white paper include all of the following except: A. emphasizing patient engagement. B. establishing a learning system. C. appointing an organizational safety officer. D. paying attention to organizational culture.

C. appointing an organizational safety officer.

A nurse is explaining the impact of a nationwide electronic health record on nursing to a nursing student. Which statement by the nurse is correct? A. "The electronic health record will not impact nursing or nursing care delivery in any meaningful way." B. "The electronic health record will likely provide the ability to make more efficient and timely nursing care decisions for patients." C. "The electronic health record will increase errors but will increase the access to patient data." D. "The electronic health record will not impact the quality of care but will make patient care more efficient."

B. "The electronic health record will likely provide the ability to make more efficient and timely nursing care decisions for patients."

A nurse is documenting nursing care in the electronic health record. What is the most important reason for this action? A. Contributing to public health information B. Communicating patient information to help coordinate care C. Advancing information technology D. Following the healthcare facility's policy

B. Communicating patient information to help coordinate care

_____________ laws in the world of technology are notoriously misunderstood. The same laws that cover physical books, artwork, and other creative material apply in the digital world, and violations can lead to prosecution. A. Fair use B. Copyright C. Public domain D. None of these is correct.

B. Copyright

A nurse recognizes that there is an increase in urinary tract infections when urinary catheters are left in place for more than 24 hours. The nurse questions, "Does leaving catheters in place for more than 24 hours increase the risk of infection?" The nurse has initiated which method of research? A. Translational research B. Evidence-based practice C. Research utilization D. Clinical research informatics

B. Evidence-based practice

What is the human-technology interface? A. Hardware designed to facilitate its software B. Hardware and software that support humans interacting with technology C. Software designed to make technology work faster D. Educating users on the use of the system

B. Hardware and software that support humans interacting with technology

CMS meaningful use guidelines were replaced by which of the following laws? A. FDA Electronic Records Act B. Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act C. 21st Century Cures Act. D. Sarbanes Oxley Act

B. Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act

In 2015, the American Nurses Association published the second edition of the: A. Scope of Nursing Informatics. B. Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice. C. Nursing Informatics Practice: Scope and Standards. D. Standards of Nursing Informatics.

B. Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice.

All of the following are advantages of technology-mediated care except: A. effective use of technology that helps to improve clinical workflow. B. assessment technology that provides a complete and objective picture of the patient experience. C. smart pump technology that provides maximum dose safeguards. D. clinical decision support system technology that reminds clinicians of critical interventions that have not yet been implemented.

B. assessment technology that provides a complete and objective picture of the patient experience.

Sometimes, one uses a device, such as a smartphone, to overlay additional information on the real world. For example, one might use the camera in the phone to view the stars at night and see on the phone's screen both the stars and the constellation labels and linking lines between the stars in a constellation. The _______________ exploits this concept in gamelike ways, bringing people together physically and virtually to solve a series of challenges. A. educational game B. augmented reality game C. casual game D. serious game

B. augmented reality game

Devices that recognize thumbprints, retina patterns, or facial patterns are known as: A. biologic devices. B. biometric devices. C. radiofrequency identifiers. D. All of these are correct.

B. biometric devices.

Practice-based ethics as described by Husted and Husted (1995) focuses on: A. understanding right or good action. B. bringing about human benefit. C. normative approaches to ethics. D. examining moral life.

B. bringing about human benefit.

AI frequently functions in an assistive role in healthcare decision-making. This is also known as: A. assisted intelligence. B. cognitive intelligence. C. augmented intelligence. D. computerized intelligence.

C. augmented intelligence.

The FITT model: A. observes the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks. B. encourages the evaluator to examine the fit between each two of the components: user and technology, task and technology, and user and task. C. is the least expensive method. D. All of these are correct.

B. encourages the evaluator to examine the fit between each two of the components: user and technology, task and technology, and user and task.

Task analysis examines: A. the number of tasks involved. B. how the user approaches the task in order to accomplish it. C. what the needed output is. D. who performs the task.

B. how the user approaches the task in order to accomplish it.

The core skill set related to the use of computers, electronic health records, healthcare technologies, and knowledge generation in a discipline is known as: A. essential practice. B. informatics competency. C. informatics wisdom. D. the DIKW paradigm.

B. informatics competency.

Although first proposed in 2004, EHR implementation blossomed after passage of the HITECH Act in 2009 because of: A. the president discussing EHRs in the State of the Union address. B. monetary incentives and potential penalties administered by CMS. C. implementation support provided by IT professionals. D. the president discussing EHRs in the State of the Union address and because of implementation support provided by IT professionals.

B. monetary incentives and potential penalties administered by CMS.

Acceptable use policies in an organization typically restrict downloads of files by employees because: A. employees may waste work time. B. of increased vulnerabilities to viruses. C. downloads interfere with backup and storage of data. D. None of these is correct.

B. of increased vulnerabilities to viruses.

A nurse is teaching a new nurse about knowledge workers. Which statement by the nurse is correct? A. "Experienced nurses are knowledge consumers because they know where to find knowledge." B. "A new nurse is a knowledge broker because he or she uses resources to find information." C. "Advanced practice nurses who are experts in nursing are considered knowledge generators." D. "Nurse researchers are knowledge consumers because they collect data that already exist."

C. "Advanced practice nurses who are experts in nursing are considered knowledge generators."

A nurse is teaching a nursing student about the art of nursing. Which statement by the nurse is correct? A. "Artful nursing can be practiced only by expert nurses." B. "Artful nursing does not have a direct impact on patient care." C. "Artful nursing can improve mental and physical well-being among patients." D. "Artful nursing seeks to enhance the relationships between nurses."

C. "Artful nursing can improve mental and physical well-being among patients."

Which of the following web domain suffixes is more likely to contain quality health education material? A. .net B. .com C. .org D. .ca

C. .org

A nurse administrator is reviewing data from the Government Accountability Office (GAO) on patient safety and develops a database for medical errors and near misses in the healthcare facility. This database addresses which gap that was recognized by the GAO? A. A gap in the available information on the experience of hospitals that have previously used specific patient safety implementation strategies B. A deficit in the information about the effect of contextual factors on implementation of patient safety practices C. A lack of valid and accurate measurement of how frequently certain adverse events occur D. A lack of organizational leadership and collaboration in support of patient safety

C. A lack of valid and accurate measurement of how frequently certain adverse events occur

A nurse replaces a new patient's wristband after the first was misplaced. This action by the nurse is which of the following? A. Overproduction B. A non-value-added action C. A value-added action D. Waste

C. A value-added action

John, a 78-year-old male patient in a hospital, is referred to a pulmonary specialist for a consult on his breathing problems. The specialist orders a CT scan of the lungs and is alerted by the EHR that a CT scan was performed 1 week ago. This alert is designed to prevent duplicate testing and is part of which essential EHR component? A. Testing management system B. Physician assist system C. Decision support system D. Cost savings function

C. Decision support system

The HITECH Act has had a significant impact on HIPAA's Privacy and Security Rules in which of the following ways? A. Weakened the enforcement of HIPAA B. Removed the annual guidance from the Department of Health and Human Services regarding how to secure health information C. Enhanced notification requirements in the event of a breach in the security of health information D. All of these are correct.

C. Enhanced notification requirements in the event of a breach in the security of health information

From which perspective does cognitive science study the mind, intelligence, and behavior? A. Philosophical B. Discipline science C. Information processing D. Sociological

C. Information processing

Researchers and discipline experts are likely to be which type of knowledge worker? A. Knowledge brokers B. Knowledge consumers C. Knowledge generators D. Knowledge innovators

C. Knowledge generators

Which of the following is/are a professional database? A. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) B. MEDLINE C. MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) D. None of these is correct.

C. MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)

A nurse researcher is reviewing the results of a telehealth study. Which of the following would be considered a clinical outcome of the study? A. Enrollment criteria B. Demographics of the patient sample C. Patient and family satisfaction D. Raw data results

C. Patient and family satisfaction

Which of the following is not part of the 21st Century Cures Act? A. Supporting community mental health efforts B. Improving interoperability and health information exchange by providing seamless access to improved EHRs C. Regulating the development and release of medical apps D. Promoting research into preventing and curing serious illnesses

C. Regulating the development and release of medical apps

________ is the term that denotes the ease with which people can use an interface to achieve a particular goal. A. Workaround B. Situational awareness C. Usability D. None of these is correct.

C. Usability

Case-based ethical reasoning that considers the facts of a case in a sound, logical, and ordered or structured manner is known as: A. principlism. B. case-based ethics. C. casuistry. D. ethical decision-making.

C. casuistry.

A nurse attends continuing education programs and reads nursing research articles regularly, thereby: A. disseminating nursing knowledge. B. demonstrating professional collaboration. C. contributing to the nurse's foundation of knowledge. D. enhancing the nurse's wisdom.

C. contributing to the nurse's foundation of knowledge.

In ethics theory, autonomy means: A. personal responsibility. B. acting alone. C. freedom from controlling interferences. D. All of these are correct.

C. freedom from controlling interferences.

Organizations are able to monitor who is using the organizational network and what files that user has accessed because any use of an electronic network: A. constitutes fair use. B. protects against spam. C. leaves a digital footprint. D. All of these are correct.

C. leaves a digital footprint.

A nurse is using the International Classification for Nursing Practice when documenting patient care. The nurse understands this facilitates the ability to compare and combine: A. national standards and care recommendations. B. research findings from different authors. C. patient care data from different sources. D. treatment options and outcomes.

C. patient care data from different sources.

When persons living with a chronic disease use the Internet for blogging about their health challenges or participating in online discussion forums, this is known as: A. self-diagnosis. B. self-management. C. peer-to-peer support. D. None of these is correct.

C. peer-to-peer support.

When a nurse is largely competent in carrying out care, efficient with interventions, but inattentive to communication and nonverbal cues projected by patients and families, we say the professional is: A. fully present. B. demonstrating transcendent presence. C. physically present. D. All of these are correct.

C. physically present.

An integrated CIS/EHR system supports administrative clinical analytics functions such as: A. staffing and acuity data. B. outcomes measures. C. staffing and acuity data and outcomes measures. D. None of these is correct.

C. staffing and acuity data and outcomes measures.

Reflection on practice to gain insight into why an approach was successful (or not) in a practice situation helps a professional to build: A. organizational knowledge. B. explicit knowledge. C. tacit knowledge. D. collaborative knowledge.

C. tacit knowledge.

Transmitting radiologic images to specialists is: A. telemedicine. B. telenursing. C. teleradiology. D. telepathology.

C. teleradiology.

The most reliable source of research evidence for informing practice is: A. quasi-experimental research. B. the opinion of experts. C. the randomized controlled trial. D. qualitative research.

C. the randomized controlled trial.

Confidential information in a secure network is most typically breached by: A. people "hacking" in from outside the network. B. viruses or cookies that enter from email. C. unauthorized use by authorized users. D. None of these is correct.

C. unauthorized use by authorized users.

The use of social media has increased dramatically in recent years among: A. mainly the elderly. B. different groups in different regions of the country. C. virtually all groups. D. only the young.

C. virtually all groups.

A staff nurse consistently exhibits disregard for established policies and procedures in an organization where there is just culture. Which statement by the nurse manager is correct about a just culture? A. "A just culture involves error reporting, not individual behaviors." B. "Workflow, including procedures and policies, can be changed for individual nurses." C. "Personal accountability is not part of just culture." D. "Reckless behaviors like ignoring policies and procedures will not be tolerated."

D. "Reckless behaviors like ignoring policies and procedures will not be tolerated."

An organization's confidentiality policy should clearly define: A. which data are confidential. B. procedures for releasing confidential information. C. procedures to follow if confidential information is accidentally released without authorization. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Clinical decision support systems help users to: A. consider the consequences of alternative actions. B. provide stores of information. C. make decisions in unfamiliar circumstances. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Skills related to nursing information literacy include: A. differentiating between scholarly and popular journals. B. locating and retrieving information from credible sources. C. recognizing a need for information. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

The HITECH Act had which of the following goals? A. Improve healthcare quality B. Reduce healthcare costs C. Improve and protect public health D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

The impactful Institute of Medicine report To Err Is Human listed the top 10 most persistent medication and safety errors/issues. Which of the following errors was/were included and has/have continued two decades after the report was issued. A. Look-alike labeling B. Unsafe practices associated with IV push medications C. Wrong route D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Which of the following activities is/are used to build a foundation of knowledge in professional practice? A. Reading research and theory articles B. Attending continuing education programs C. Consulting with expert colleagues and using clinical practice guidelines D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

An informatics nurse is developing an integration plan of a new electronic health record and anticipates a workflow redesign. Which of the following will the informatics nurse develop first? A. Clinical transformation B. Workflow analysis C. Workflow evaluation D. Change management plan

D. Change management plan

A healthcare organization has committed to a culture of safety. Which of the following is a strategy to encourage adoption of a culture of safety? A. Individual accountability for development of safety plans B. Leadership safety directives C. Systemwide safety teams of administrators D. Collaboration between leadership and staff on patient safety initiatives

D. Collaboration between leadership and staff on patient safety initiatives

A nurse is working with an interdisciplinary team in a healthcare organization and identifies which of the following as essential for practice improvement? A. Proper utilization of resources B. Data collection and analysis C. Coordination of ancillary services D. Ethical sensitivity

D. Ethical sensitivity

In home telehealth care, which of the following would not be considered a home location? A. Assisted living facility B. Hospice facility C. Nursing home D. Hotel room

D. Hotel room

Which website has a tutorial for learning how to evaluate health information? A. HON. B. NSF. C. WebMD. D. MedlinePlus.

D. MedlinePlus.

A nurse is performing nursing interventions effectively but is inattentive and does not respond to the patient's questions or concerns. The nurse is which of the following? A. Fully present B. Transcendent C. Partially present D. Physically present

D. Physically present

An advanced practice nurse is providing telehealth care for patients who are incarcerated. The nurse understands which of the following? A. Telehealth is used for this patient population because public safety outweighs quality of patient care. B. Patients have increased options of appointment times when telehealth is delivered in this manner. C. Patients prefer telehealth when they are incarcerated because they do not have to leave the facility. D. Telehealth provides cost-effective care and supports public safety.

D. Telehealth provides cost-effective care and supports public safety.

A nurse is providing nursing care that is patient-centered, which will enhance which of the following? A. The nurse's use of technologies and innovations B. The healthcare organization's application of nursing theory C. The healthcare organization's use of patient data D. The nurse's understanding of the implications of his or her actions

D. The nurse's understanding of the implications of his or her actions

The purpose of a firewall is to: A. protect hardware from damage by excessive heat. B. examine only incoming network traffic for malicious code. C. provide an easy way for network users to access the Internet. D. examine both incoming and outgoing messages and network traffic.

D. examine both incoming and outgoing messages and network traffic.

The benefits of EHR use recognized in early studies include all of the following except: A. increased delivery of guidelines-based care. B. reduction in medication errors. C. enhanced capacity to perform surveillance and monitor for disease conditions. D. improved workflow.

D. improved workflow.

A hardware security tool that helps protect an organization against security breaches by issuing masks to protect the identity of a corporation's employees who are accessing the World Wide Web is a(n): A. firewall. B. masking program. C. antivirus program. D. proxy server.

D. proxy server

The manipulation of a relationship, such as pretending to be an employee of the IT office and requesting an employee's password, is known as: A. a brute force attack. B. hacking. C. a zero day intrusion. D. social engineering.

D. social engineering.

True or False? The time between research dissemination and clinical translation is typically 1 to 2 months.

False

knowledge

The awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision; abounds with others' thoughts and information. Information that is synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized. Understanding that comes through a process of interaction or experience with the world around us. Information that has judgment applied to it or meaning extracted from it. Processed information that helps to clarify or explain some portion of our environment or world that we can use as a basis for action or upon which we can act. Internal process of thinking or cognition. External process of testing, senses, observation, and interacting.

True or False? Big data is a field that deals with ways to examine, analyze, and systematically extract data and information from data sets that are too large or complex to be processed using conventional data-processing application software. The ability to research these data using advanced data analytics to find better answers is changing the healthcare landscape and how we care for our patients.

True

True or False? Existing accounting rules are enhanced under the HITECH Act, giving patients the right to access their EHR and receive an accounting of all disclosures. Before the HITECH Act, HIPAA regulations provided an exception to the accounting requirements.

True

True or False? In order for people to interact with other devices and computers, these machines must have smart ways to interact with each other. Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) provides the communication network for these devices to be interconnected.

True

True or False? In the future, nurses are likely to have access to evidence and knowledge derived from large aggregates of clinical data, including nursing interventions and resultant outcomes.

True