ITPM Chapter 9
Psychologist David Merril describes _____ as reactive and task-oriented.
"analyticals"
_____ a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology and proposed the hierarchy of needs theory.
Abraham Maslow
People with a high need for _____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile.
Achievement
Key outputs of _____ process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates.
Acquiring the project team
_____ involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project.
Acquiring the project team
_____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance.
Developing the project team
_____ is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y.
Douglas McGregor
T/F: A RAM is used only to assign detailed work activities.
False
T/F: A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.
False
T/F: According to Covey, project managers must use a win/lose approach in making decisions.
False
T/F: According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.
False
T/F: Assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are automatically available to project managers as part of their position.
False
T/F: Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.
False
T/F: In the Social Styles Profile team building activity, drivers are reactive and people-oriented.
False
T/F: Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior.
False
T/F: Managers who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives.
False
T/F: Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy of needs is not necessarily a prerequisite for the levels above.
False
T/F: Microsoft Project 2010 does not lend itself to project human resource management.
False
T/F: Project managers must try to avoid conflict at all costs as all conflict within groups is bad.
False
T/F: Project managers should always reward people who work overtime.
False
T/F: The forcing mode is one in which the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement.
False
_____ is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings.
Frederick Herzberg
_____ is the potential ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do.
Power
_____ is a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity and is important for communication.
Rapport
According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor?
Recognition
A(n) _____ or draft contract often provides the basis for defining and finalizing work requirements.
Request for proposal (RFP)
In the MBTI, the _____ dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information.
Sensation/Intuition
The _____ is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland's categories.
TAT
The _____ presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story.
TAT
Managers who follow _____ assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility.
Theory X
Managers who believe in McGregor's _____ assume that individuals do not inherently dislike work, but consider it as natural as play or rest.
Theory Y
_____ emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers.
Theory Z
T/F: A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team.
True
T/F: In the Tuckman model, storming occurs when team members have different opinions for how the team should operate.
True
T/F: Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that people's behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.
True
T/F: People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.
True
T/F: Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.
True
T/F: Thamhain and Wilemon found that when project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed.
True
T/F: The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts).
True
_____ should receive frequent performance feedback, and although money is not an important motivator to them, it is an effective form of feedback.
achievers
In the Tuckman model, _____ involves the break-up of the team after it successfully reaches its goals and completes the work.
adjourning
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people with a high need for _____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others.
affiliation
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders.
authority
_____ involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do.
coercive power
According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the _____ method use a give-and take-approach to resolving conflicts.
compromise
According to Maslow, only after meeting _____ needs can individuals act upon growth needs.
deficiency
The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as _____ needs.
deficiency
_____ fill in for project managers in their absence and assist them as needed.
deputy project managers
The main outputs of the _____ process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors updates.
developing the project team
_____ is listening with the intent to understand.
empathic listening
Recognizing an employee as the "Star Performer of the Month" would be satisfying the _____ need of the Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
esteem
The acquiring of the project team is a subprocess associated with the _____ process of project human resource management.
executing
_____ causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.
extrinsic motivation
The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is _____.
finalizing the project requirements
The highest level of needs in Maslow's structure is referred to as a _____ need.
growth
The capacity to understand the motivations, intentions and desires of others is
interpersonal intelligence
_____ power is getting people to do things based on a position of authority.
legitimate
Resource _____ aims to minimize period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances.
leveling
_____ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance.
managing the project team
_____ refers to matching certain behaviors of the other person.
mirroring
Herzberg called factors that cause job satisfaction _____.
motivators
A(n) _____ is a specific type of organizational chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for which work items.
organizational breakdown structure (OBS)
_____ means more resources than are available are assigned to perform work at a given time.
overallocation
In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process.
performing
At the bottom of Maslow's structure are _____ needs.
physiological
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people who need personal _____ want to direct others and can be seen as bossy.
power
Covey, like Maslow, believes that people have the ability to be _____ and choose their responses to different situations.
proactive
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the ability to improve a worker's position.
promotion
_____ issues that affect how people work and how well they work include motivation, influence and power, and effectiveness.
psychosocial
_____ is based on an individual's personal charisma.
referent power
A(n) _____ is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time.
resource histogram
_____ is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks.
resource leveling
_____ refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods.
resource loading
The _____ allocates work to responsible and performing organizations, teams, or individuals, depending on the desired level of detail.
responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)
_____ involves using incentives to induce people to do things.
reward power
_____ is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
self-actualization
Taking time to renew oneself physically, spiritually, mentally and socially is
sharpening the saw
In the DISC profile, the letter "S" represents _____.
steadiness
In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate.
storming
_____ is the concept that the whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts.
synergy
The main goal of _______ is to help people work together more effectively to improve project performance.
team development
According to Lencioni, which of the following qualities is present in organizations that succeed?
teamwork
When an organization needs a new direction, the ________ leadership style is appropriate.
visionary
According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the _____ mode retreat from an actual or potential disagreement.
withdrawl