1000 Unit 3 study guide

T or F: Sterility is not an issue with untreated STIs for men.

False, they can face sterility as well

What STI is becoming more difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance?

Gonorrhea

What STIs, if symptomatic, present with an unusual discharge and painful urination?

Gonorrhea and chlamydia

What does the term sexuality include?

Includes thoughts, feelings and behaviors associated with being male or female, experiencing attraction, being in love, and being in relationships that include sexual intimacy

When are secondary sex characteristics developed?

Increase of male or female hormones

The scrotum not only protects the testes but does something else that is very important. What is it?

Maintains them at an ideal temperature to produce sperm by raising them closer to the body or lowering them

What is PrEP and who is it meant for?

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis It is meant for taking a daily HIV combination pill known as Truvada to prevent infection. It is for individuals who aren't HIV positive and are engaging in high-risk sex with multiple partners or someone who is HIV positive can reduce their risk of sexually transmitted HIV by nearly 90% and of HIV from drug injection by 70%.

What contributes more fluids to the semen, including chemicals that help the sperm fertilize an ovum and neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina to make it more conducive to sperm motility (ability to move) and potency (potential for fertilizing an ovum)?

Prostate gland

If it wasn't for these, ejaculation would pretty much be a non-event. These provide sperm with nutrients and make up most (70%) of the fluid that compose semen

Seminal vesicles

What do the testes manufacture?

Sperm and testosterone

T or F: The terms STI and STD are often used interchangeably but are actually different things.

true

T or F: To diminish the complexity of sexual orientation to "a choice" is a clear misrepresentation of current research.

true

T or F: You can't determine the presence of HIV by looking at a person.

true

What are the external female genitals are collectively known as and include all structures that are outwardly visible: the mons pubis, the labia minora and labia majora, the clitoris, the urethral and vaginal openings, and the vestibule of the vagina and its glands?

vulva

What is the normal range and average age for the onset of the first menstrual period (menarche)?

-10 to 18 years of age -Average falls between ages 12 and 13

Causes of sexual dysfunction can be varied and overlapping and commonly include what factors?

-Biological or medical factors -Substance induced factors -Psychological factors -Factors related to social context

While genital warts are the most common result of the HPV infection, what types of cancer can result from it as well?

-Cervical cancer -Cancer of vulva, penis, anus, vagina, back of throat and tongue

What does the acronym CERTS stand for in the CERTS Model for Healthy Sexuality?

-Consent -Equality -Respect -Trust -Safety

What are the four major categories of sexual dysfunction?

-Desire disorders -Arousal disorders -Orgasmic disorders -Pain disorders

What are the two ways the majority of HIV infections arise from?

-Exchange of body fluids -Contaminated needles

Sexual response is a physiological process that can be roughly divided into four stages. What are they in order?

-Excitement/arousal -Plateau -Orgasm -Resolution

In addition to CERTS, healthy and responsible sexuality should include the following four components.

-Good communication as the found the foundation -Acknowledging that you are a sexual person -Understanding sexual functions and safety -Accepting and embracing your gender identity and your sexual orientation

What three things can understanding the functions of the female and male reproductive systems help you with?

-Help you derive pleasure and satisfaction from your sexual relationships -Be sensitive to your partners wants and needs -Make responsible choices about your own sexual health

What barriers to prevention and treatment put adolescents and young adults at risk?

-Lack of access to affordable healthcare -Lack of confidentiality -Lack of transport -Peer norms and media influences -Risk-taking behaviors -Social and cultural norms that promote and influence sexual activity

What is vasocongestion and in what stage does it happen?

-Occurs during first stage -It is increased blood flow that causes swelling in the genitals

Hormones acting on the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium) do two things in particular (prepare or signal)? Explain.

-Prepare uterus for implantation and development of a fertilized egg -Or signal that no fertilization has taken place by deteriorating and becoming menstrual flow

What is the precursor phase of a herpes infection characterized by? Second phase?

Characterized by a burning sensation and redness at site of infection Second phase is when blisters filled with a clear fluid containing the virus forms

Almost any area of the body can be conditioned to respond erotically to touch. What are these areas known as?

Erogenous Zones

T or F: Sexuality is simple and basic.

False

T or F: The average menstrual cycle lasts 30 days and consists of four phases.

False, 28 days and consists of 3 phases

If you have symptoms such as a high fever and vomiting and have been using a diaphragm, cervical cap, or contraceptive sponge, remove it immediately and contact a health care provider. Why?

False, dysmenorrhea

T or F: Women typically experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a collection of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that many women experience up to 3 days before the beginning of their menstrual period.

False, it is 7 to 14 days

What are the two main functions of the ovaries?

-Producing hormones -Serve as reservoir of immature eggs

What is sexual identity a combination of?

-Sex assigned at birth-The gender the person identifies as-Who the person is attracted to both physically and emotionally

What are the most common symptoms of PMS?

-Tender breasts -Bloating -Food cravings -Fatigue -Irritability -Depression

According to popular video blogger and sex educator Laci Green, there are three times when consent can never be truly given. What are they?

-When the person is underage -When the person is drunk -When the person is under pressure from someone

What are the three functions of the vagina?

1. Passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids 2. Receives spermatozoa during sexual intercourse 3. Forms inferior portion of birth canal

How long is the typical incubation period for HPV?

6 to 8 weeks after contact

Without treatment, how long does it typically take for the HIV virus to cause the slow, degenerative changes in the immune system that are characteristic of AIDS?

8 to 10 years

What can untreated chlamydia and gonorrhea cause in women that can lead to possibly infertility? Men and possible sterility?

Can injure the cervix or fallopian tubes Men can suffer from epididymitis

What does gender refer to?

Characteristics and actions typically associated with men or women (masculine or feminine) as defined by our culture in which one lives

Explain the difference between cisgender and transgender?

Transgender-When the sex assigned at birth does not match a persons identity, based on cultural expectation of gender Cisgender- When the persons gender identity matches the sex assigned at birth

T or F: It is more difficult to please a partner sexually and to describe to a partner how to please you if you don't understand basic sexual anatomy.

True

T or F: The Cowper's glands secrete a preejaculate fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acid that may remain in the urethra after urination.

True

What term is used to describe less common sexual activities, such as group sex, swinging, fetishism, and BDSM?

Variant Sexual Behavior

These make up the tubular transportation system whose sole function is to store and move sperm.

Vas Deferens

The first stage of syphilis is often characterized by the development of a chancre (pronounced "shank-er"), a bacteria-oozing sore located at the infection site. After initial infection, when does it usually appear?

after a month

What age group is most at risk for STIs overall?

age 15-24

What kind of people do not always follow traditional gender roles but instead choose behaviors on the basis of a given situation?

androgyny

What day does ovulation (release of a mature egg) typically happen during the menstrual cycle?

around day 14

If having oral sex, what barrier devices are strongly recommended if either partner's STI status is positive or unknown?

condom

Where do sperm ripen and reach full maturity?

epididymis

What is the primary female sex hormone?

estrogen and progesterone

These capture eggs as they are released from the ovaries during ovulation and are the site where sperm and egg meet and fertilization normally takes place.

fallopian tubes

T or F: A herpes site cannot shed the virus when no overt sore is present.

false

T or F: Celibacy and abstinence mean the same thing.

false

T or F: HIV/AIDS is no longer a devastating problem throughout the world.

false

T or F: Men and women experience the same stages in the sexual response cycle and for the same length of time.

false

T or F: In addition to a person's biological status as a male or female, an important component of sexual identity is sex.

false, its gender

T or F: Two XX's produce a male and an XY produces a female.

false, the other way around

What is our ability to reproduce is known as?

fertility

A person's perception of their being male/masculine or female/feminine, including the choice of gender pronouns (e.g., he or she) is known as?

gender idenity

Socially constructed behavioral norms that we use to express masculinity or femininity in ways that conform to society's expectations is known as?

gender roles

What is a valuable and important means for adolescents, as well as adults, to explore their sexual feelings and responsiveness?

masturbation

Finding healthy ways to express your sexuality is an important part of developing this?

sexual maturity

A person's enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to others is known as?

sexual orientation

Accepting your-self as a sexual person with individual desires and preferences is the first step in achieving this.

sexual satisfaction

What is our sense of masculine and feminine traits largely a result of that takes place during our childhood?

socialization

What can trigger a herpes outbreak?

stress, weak immune system, contact with the herpes virus, diet and sleep are inadequate, immune system is overworked, excessive exposure to sunlight, etc

What is the primary male sex hormone?

testosterone

T or F: A person may go for months or years after HIV infection before any significant symptoms appear, and incubation time varies greatly from person to person.

true

T or F: All normal eggs carry an X sex chromosome; normal sperm may carry either an X or a Y chromosome.

true

T or F: All the eggs a woman will ever have are present in her ovaries at birth.

true

T or F: Although more than 20 million cases of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are reported each year, many others are never diagnosed or reported, often because the people who are infected are asymptomatic.

true

T or F: As with any other human behavior, the idea of "normal" sexual behavior varies from person to person and from society to society, usually along a spectrum of perceived acceptability or appropriateness.

true

T or F: Boundaries established by gender role stereotypes can make it difficult to express one's true gender identity.

true

T or F: By using the CERTS model, rather than societal standards for "normal," all behaviors can be evaluated as either healthy or unhealthy for an individual.

true

T or F: Condom use is especially important with anal intercourse, as the delicate tissues of the anus are more likely to tear than are vaginal tissues, significantly increasing the risk of transmission of HIV and other STIs.

true

T or F: For many women, orgasm is more likely to be achieved through manual stimulation than through intercourse.

true

T or F: Good sex should not depend on chemical substances.

true

T or F: HIV and other STIs can be transmitted via unprotected oral-genital sex, just as they can through intercourse.

true

T or F: Hate crimes, discrimination, and hostility toward sexual minorities are evidence of ongoing sexual prejudice.

true

T or F: Herpes can be cured with an antibiotic.

true

T or F: If detected early, chlamydia is easily treatable with antibiotics.

true

T or F: If you pick at a herpes blister or otherwise touch the site, you can autoinoculate other body parts.

true

T or F: Like other communicable infections, STIs have both pathogen-specific incubation periods and periods of communicability—times during which transmission is most likely.

true

T or F: On rare occasions, chromosomes are added, lost, or rearranged in this process, and the sex of the offspring is not clear.

true

T or F: People who are uncomfortable discussing sexual issues are less likely to use or ask their partners to use condoms to protect against STIs and pregnancy.

true

T or F: Preejaculatory fluid may contain sperm.

true

T or F: Sexual disorders can have both physical and psychological roots and can occur as a result of stress, fatigue, depression, or anxiety. They frequently have a physiological origin, such as overall poor health, chronic disease, or the use of alcohol or drugs.

true

T or F: The HPV vaccine can help prevent individuals from becoming infected with HPV and subsequently development cancer that HPV causes.

true

T or F: The clitoris' only known function is provide sexual pleasure.

true

T or F: The fact that you may fantasize about a particular sexual experience does not mean that you want to, or have to, act out that experience.

true

T or F: The only way to prevent HIV infection is through the choices you make in sexual behaviors and drug use and by taking responsibility for your own health and the health of your loved ones.

true

T or F: The range of human sexual expression is virtually infinite.

true

Although both men and women feel the effects of STIs, long-term health consequences are most serious for what sex, with 24,000 infertility cases each year?

young women