10.2 Diseases and Disorders; Multiple Sclerosis

multiple sclerosis

a potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system

exacerbation

acute attacks or flare-ups, marked by significant worsening of symptoms

15-60

betweem what ages does MS typically present itself?

rule out other autoimmune diseases and disorders or vitamin B12 or Vitamin D deficiencies

blood test are used to......

a physical exam and details about your symptoms

during the review of your medical history, what other information would your doctor need?

secondary progressive

follows RRMS, most people diagnosed RRMS will eventually transition to this, the disease will progress more steadily with or without relapses

reduce frequency of exacerbations, slow the accumulations of lesions in the brain and spinal cord, may slow the accumulation of disability

how do the drugs approved by the FDA affect exacerbations?

oral medications

in 2010 what improved the treatment of MS?

yes, you are at a higher risk if a parent/sibling has had the disease

is MS hereditary?

progressive relapsing

least common of 4 courses, stradily progressing disease from the beginning with exacerbations

relapsing remitting

most common type, about 90% of cases are initially diagnosed this, defined relapses of worsening neurologic function followed by partial/complete remission periods, no apparent progression of the disease

primary progressive

steadily worsening neurologic function, no distinct relapses or remissions, about 20% of people with MS receive this diagnosis

etiology

the study of the causes of a disease

steroids and plasma exchange

two types of treatment used for exacerbations

lesions

what are doctors looking for in connection with Ms during an MRI?

oral cannabis extract, stem-cell therapy

what are some current experimental treatments?

learn about the disease, get physically/mentally/socially active, eat a well balanced diet and maintain a healthy weight, rest, don't smoke, limit salt and alcohol intake, take care of health conditions

what are some lifestyle choices that can help minimize the impact of MS?

medications to reduce fatigue, muscle relaxants to alleviate painful/uncontrollable muscle stiffness or spasms, physical therapy for the legs, medication and various therapies

what are some symptom specific treatments

relapsing remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive, progressive relapsing

what are the four course of ms?

exacerbations, symptom-specific treatment, disease modulating treatment, experimental/research

what are the four treatment categories for MS?

afe, sex, family history, certain infections, race, climate, certain autoimmune diseases, smoking

what are the major risk factors for MS?

diziness, weakness, numbness or tingling in the arms, legs, trunk of the body, and face, mental and physical fatigue, loss of bladder control and constipation, difficulty concentrating, making decisions, and planning, vision problems (double vision, partial color blindness, eye pain, partial or complete loss of vision in one eye, emotional changes, painful stiffness and onvoluntary muscle spasms, balance and coordination problems, pain

what are the symptoms of MS?

the brain, the optic nerve, and the spinal cord

what body parts constitute the central nervous system?

a combination of environmental factors and genetics

what do researchers believe play a role in development of MS?

reducing symptoms of MS

what does symptom specific treatment focus on?

a diagnosis is made by ruling in or out other potential causes for a patient's symptoms

what information is used to determine whether a person has MS?

the probable cause and outcome of a disease, especially the chance of recovery

what is a prognosis?

substances such as antibodies or proteins present with MS

what is present in the spinal fluid if a patient has MS?

it is currently unknown

what is the cause of MS?

to slow down the progression of the disease

what is the purpose of using disease modulating therapy?

nature of symptoms, effectiveness of previous MS treatments, other health issues, cost, child bearing status

what should be considered in selecting the best disease modulating therapy for MS?

differential diagnosis

what technique is used to disgnose MS?

increase in funds, time and talent into treatment of illnesses affecting the CNS. Advances in MRI technology decreased diagnosis time. First injectable medicine was introduced (1993)

what was a significant advancement with MS during the 1990's?

1868

what year did Charcot write a description of MS?

1873

what year was MS first recognized in England?

1946

what year was the national multiple sclerosis society founded?

people of all ages from all around the world

who can MS affect?

Jean-Martin Charcot

who is considered the father of neurology?

females are twice as likely to develop MS

who show the symptoms of MS more, males or females?

they allow us to learn more about the disease and help us research how to improve a patient's quality of life

why are experimental treatments important?

Dr. Edward Seguin recognized MS in the US. Interruption in the myelin sheath were discovered

What happened in 1878 with MS?