10.2 Independence movements in Western Hemisphere in the 18th and 19th centuries
colony
Territory settled and ruled by people from another land
mulatto
a person of mixed African and European descent in Spanish colonies
mestizo
a person of mixed native American and European descent in Spanish colonies
counter-revolutionary
a person who reacts to a revolution in which those originally in power try to counteract the changes that took place as a result of the revolution
fraternity
friendship and mutual support
Napoleon
military leader and later emperor of France who brought order and stability towards the end of the Revolution. He attempted to conquer all of Europe, but failed and was eventually exiled to a remote island for the rest of his life
recession
period of reduced economic activity
universal Method Suffrage
right of all adult men to vote
autonomy
self-rule
nationalism
strong feelings of support for one's nation
ideology
system of thought and belief
liberty
the freedom to do what you'd like to do
St. Dominque
the name for Haiti when it was a French colony
sovereignty
the power of a state to rule itself
equality
the state of being equal
abolish
to stop something from happening or end something
Father Miguel Hidalgo
(1753-1811) a Mexican Roman Catholic priest who was a leader of the Mexican War of Independence
Jos'e de San Martin
1778-1850- an Argentine general and leader of South America's independence movement from Spain
Simo'n Bolivar
1783-1830- leader of Latin American Independence movements in South America
French Revolution
1789-1804- a political revolution during which the lower and middle class in France, frustrated over social, economic, and political problems in the country and inspired by Enlightenment ideas overthrew King Louis XVI and tried to institute a more democratic government
Haitian Revolution
1791-1804- a successful slave revolt and revolution that led to Haiti's independence from France
Napoleonic Wars
1803-1815- a series of major wars in Europe during which Napoleon attempted to conquer the continent, after his final defeat Napoleon was exiled to an island in the Atlantic Ocean and European powers redrew the borders in the continent at the Congress of Vienna
Mexican War of Independence
1810-1821- an armed conflict that led to Mexico's independence from Spain
Haiti
a nation in the Caribbean Sea that shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic
peninsulare
a person born in Spain who lived in a Spanish colony
Creole
a person of European descent born in an overseas colony