10a. Stress; Stress Effects and Health; Coping With Stress

One is MOST susceptible to illness during the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

exhaustion

Each Monday evening, Beth plays the guitar in jam sessions with friends. Beth enjoys the challenge of these musical improvisation sessions. During these jams, Beth may experience a state called:

flow

Those who believe that they control their own destiny have a(n) _____ locus of control.

internal

One study of the predictors of a longer life followed more than 5200 adults for 28 years. Because the participants were tracked for a long period of time, this study exemplifies a _____ research design.

longitudinal

People with a(n) _____ outlook expect positive outcomes.

optimistic

A stress reaction is a:

physical or emotional response.

Among a sample of Holocaust survivors, self-disclosure concerning their experiences was _____ associated with their physical health later on.

positively

Becky has a lot going on in her life right now. She is employed full-time in a demanding job, and is a part-time doctoral student. She has three children, one of whom still lives at home. She recently learned that her husband has been having an affair and wants a divorce. She seems to be coping well. According to Selye, Becky is in the second phase of the general adaptation syndrome, also known as the _____ phase.

resistance

The ability to control impulses and delay gratification is called:

self-control.

Optimism has been associated with:

smaller increases in blood pressure during stress.

Carissa is in the middle of finals week and finds that her anxiety and stress levels are making it difficult to concentrate on her studying. She should:

spend time petting her dog

A challenging or threatening event that causes stress is called a(n) _____.

stressor

A local religious organization has taken an interest in reaching out to community members with AIDS. They were prompted to do this when they learned that religiously active AIDS patients _____ than do their nonreligious counterparts.

survive longer

Religiously active AIDS patients _____ than do their nonreligious counterparts.

survive longer

Maya owes the credit card company $20,000, her adjustable-rate mortgage has just gone up, and she has been out of work for 3 months. Her husband of 15 years came home today to tell her he was having an affair and wants a divorce. With that news, she collapsed and had to be taken to the emergency room. In Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Maya is in Phase:

3, in a state of exhaustion.

People who attend religious services regularly live about _____ years longer than do nonattenders.

8

Selma participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being less happy than average. During a follow up study 20 years later, researchers found all of the following EXCEPT:

Selma was less likely to have met all of her life goals than her happy peers.

Reeghan was diagnosed with high cholesterol which led to a heart attack at the age of 52. According to research, which of the following factors increases her likelihood of having further heart problems?

depression

John has been an active member of his church for the past 35 years. His good health may be attributed to:

access to a support network.

The ____ phenomenon refers to the tendency to make judgments relative to a baseline established by our experience.

adaptation-level

Jim has been taking medication and going to psychotherapy to treat his depressive symptoms. Which of the following would you also recommend to enhance his treatment?

aerobic exercise

All of the following characteristics are predictors of happiness EXCEPT:

age

Type _____ personalities are characterized by high levels of anger; Type _____ personalities are characterized by high levels of distress.

A; D

With respect to coping, which statement is TRUE?

Emotion-focused coping may be more effective than problem-focused coping when the situation is uncontrollable.

10b

Managing Stress Effects; Happiness

Sandy participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being happier than average. During a follow up study 20 years later, researchers found all of the following EXCEPT:

Sandy was more likely to have met all of her life goals than less happy peers.

Jane and Sue leave a building and see a dog running toward them. Jane assumes that the dog wants to play. Sue assumes the dog is going to attack. Which of the following is MOST likely?

Sue's stress reaction will be more negative than Jane's.

Which of the following statements is true about stress?

Surgical wounds heal more slowly in stressed people.

_____ attack cancer cells, viruses, and other foreign substances.

T lymphocytes

_____ is linked with a higher incidence of heart disease, whereas _____ is linked with a lower incidence of heart disease.

The Type A personality type; the Type B personality type

Alan reluctantly decided to take a long-awaited trip to New Zealand. The thing that is most disturbing to him is that he must leave his pet monkey behind. There is a "pet hotel" in the city that has agreed to take him. Should Alan worry about him?

Yes. Monkeys under stress due to social disruptions have weakened immune systems.

Donald takes 15 minute lunch breaks, goes to the bathroom only when he can no longer hold it anymore, has to have his cell phone with him at all times, checks his text messages the moment he wakes up, and puts in 14-hour days at the office. Donald is a Type _____ personality.

a

Sandy is a human resources director for a chain of fast food restaurants. When interviewing perspective employees, Sandy is known to finish their sentences and to be very short with them if they do not quickly finish a sentence. According to Friedman et al, Sandy is a Type _____ personality.

a

A challenging or threatening event is called:

a stressor

Compared to their parents, young Americans today have:

an external locus of control.

Shane's doctor suggests that he begin an aerobic exercise program in addition to the psychotherapy for his depression. As a result, Shane will experience all of the following EXCEPT that he will:

become more depressed from the stress of the exercise program.

Julia is awoken in the middle of the night to the sound of breaking glass. Her increased heart rate and respiration can BEST be explained as:

a fight-or-flight response.

After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, many people from around the country went to New York City to lend aid. This response to stress is an example of:

a tend-and-befriend response.

Regular aerobic exercise has been found to correlate with all of the following EXCEPT:

constrict blood vessels.

Looking for the "silver lining" in a challenging situation is an example of _____ coping.

emotion-focused