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What was the commercial and military league set up off the north coast of Germany?

Hanseatic League

All of the following monarchs were successful in continuing the centralization of their "new monarchies" except

Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire

The painter of the Rome's Sistine Chapel ceiling was

Michelangelo.

The Byzantine Empire was finally destroyed in 1453 by the

Ottoman Turks.

In the late fifteenth century, Italy became a battleground for the competing interests of

Spain and France.

Neoplatonism was based on two primary ideas:

a hierarchy of substances and a theory of spiritual love.

Federigo da Montefeltro of Urbino was

an example of a skilled, intelligent, independent Italian warrior prince.

The Third Estate of the fifteenth century was

overwhelmingly made up of peasants.

Liberal education in the Renaissance included all of the following except

the mastery of engineering and mechanics.

Marriages in Renaissance Italy

were an economic necessity of life involving complicated family negotiations.

Under Ferdinand and Isabella, Spain

saw Muslim power vanish from the peninsula

A subject of particular interest to fifteenth-century humanists was

the Greek language.

John Wyclif condemned the Church for all of the following except that

the pope should be given greater power to eliminate heresy and unbelief.

Humanism's main effect on the writing of history was

the secularization of historiography and the explanation of change over time.

The reintroduction of slavery in the fourteenth century occurred largely as a result of

the shortage of labor created by the Black Death.

The aristocracy of the sixteenth century was

to dominate society as it had done in the Middle Ages.

The "new monarchs" of the late fifteenth century in Europe

were focused upon the acquisition and expansion of power.

The results of the Hundred Years' War

were focused upon the acquisition and expansion of power.

The Tudor dynasty ruled in

England.

Who played a leading role in perfecting movable type for printing?

Johannes Gutenberg

What was the name of the Renaissance painter who was noted for his painting, "The School of Athens"?

Raphael

Which of the following is not true of Northern Renaissance artists?

They valued the secular human form as the primary subject of painting.

Western Europe in the Renaissance saw

a decline in serfdom.

According to Jacob Burckhardt, the Renaissance in Italy represented

a distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of the modern world.

The Renaissance popes did all of the following except

attempt to return to the papacy to more humble times.

Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man stated that humans

could be whatever they chose or willed.

Italian artists in the fifteenth century began to

experiment in areas of perspective.

Two key areas of Renaissance technological innovation were

mining and metalworking, including manufacture of firearms.

The major practitioner of the new architecture of the Renaissance as exemplified by the dome of the Cathedral of Florence and the city's Church of San Lorenzo was

Brunelleschi.

Which of the following groups of Italian artists dominated the High Renaissance?

Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo

The Medici controlled the finances of the Italian city-state of

Florence.

Perhaps the most famous of Italian ruling woman was

Isabella d'Este.

The most backward and reactionary state in Italy during the Renaissance was the

Kingdom of Naples.

Which of the following statements best describes marriage in Renaissance Italy?

Marriages were usually arranged, to strengthen familial alliances.

The Ottoman Turkish sultan who captured Constantinople in 1453 was

Mehmet II.

The Peace of Lodi in 1454 exemplifies what key Italian Renaissance political concept?

a balance of power between competing territorial states

Machiavelli's ideas as expressed in The Prince achieve a model for

a modern secular concept of power politics.

The Italian Renaissance was primarily

a recovery or rebirth of antiquity and Greco-Roman culture.

Economic developments in the Renaissance included

a revival in trade.

The achievements of the Italian Renaissance were the products of

an elite movement, involving small numbers of wealthy patrons, artists, and intellectuals.

The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre

contained as its primary goal the creation of well-rounded, virtuous and ethical citizens.

The Corpus Hermeticum

contained writings on the occult as well as theological and philosophical speculations.

By the fifteenth century, Italy was

dominated by five major regional independent powers.

The development of printing in the fifteenth century

ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread rapidly in European society.

The word "Renaissance" means

rebirth.

Slavery in Renaissance Italy

saw slaves from Africa and the eastern Mediterranean used mostly as courtly domestic servants and as skilled workers.

Castiglione's The Courtier was a

very popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats.

Italian Renaissance humanism in the early fifteenth century, above all else

was based on the study of the Greco-Roman classics.

The Renaissance papacy

was often seen as corrupt and debauched, as evidenced by Alexander VI.

Banquets during the Renaissance

were used to express wealth and power of an aristocratic family.