1202 Biology Exam #1

Bonus 5. Name an animal that is extinct.

Dodo Bird

According to Darwin, nature selects the least fit organism to survive.

False

The oceanic shift theory suggests that the position of the continents and oceans are not fixed but move over time.

False

Fire can grow, use energy and interact with the environment. Is it alive? Why or why not?

Fire is not alive. Although fire can grow, use energy, and interact with the environment, fire can not reproduce. Fire can not maintain homeostasis either.

Bonus 6. Where did Darwin study the different species of tortoises and finches, that detailed his observations and thoughts included in his book?

Galapagos Island

Bonus 4. Give an example of a vestigial structure.

Goosebumps

Bonus 8. What is one thing you learned from the "How Earth was Born" video?

Mars could have been like Earth, but Mars lost its protective shield, which caused Mars to not have "life" on it.

Bonus 2. List evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts can make their own proteins, they look like prokaryotes in their walls, and they have their own DNA.

Bonus 7. What is the name of the book on evolution that Darwin wrote, that detailed his observations and thoughts on how species evolve?

On the Origin of Species

Looking at the following table, what is the lowest taxon (classification group) at which all the organisms are related? Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Family: Theridiidae Family: Theridiidae Family: Sicariidae Genus: Latrodectus Genus: Latrodectus Genus: Loxosceles Species: geometricus Species: mactans Species: reclusa

Order: Araneae

Bonus 3. Name a geological period, epoch, or era.

Precambrian

Bonus 1. How can humans impact the biodiversity of life in the biosphere?

The destruction of South American rain forests is killing species and decreasing the availability of lumber.

Within a population of fish that inhabits a yellow coral reef, some fish are yellow as a result of a gene for body color. A predator feeds on fish living in the reef. The predator is more likely to see the orange fish than the yellow fish. What do you predict might happen to the population of fish?

The orange fish population will decrease and the yellow fish population will increase because of natural selection.

All organisms, whether unicellular or multicellular, need to maintain homeostasis.

True

Mass extinctions have occurred at least 5 times in Earth's history.

True

The basic difference between a prokaryotic cell and an eukaryotic cell is that prokaryotic cells do not possess a nucleus.

True

Which of the following is NOT a kingdom in Domain Eukarya? a. Bacteria b. Animalia c. Fungi d. Plantae

a. Bacteria

Which definition best describes a population? a. Members of a species in a given area b. The region of Earth that does not contain living organisms c. The interaction between various groups of organisms in a given area and the nonliving environment d. Related scientific names

a. Members of a species in a given area

Organisms which were most important to the development of Darwin's theory of natural selection were: a. Tortoises and finches b. Snails and fish c. Monkeys and armadillos d. Rabbits and hares e. Plants and algae

a. Tortoises and finches

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a living organism? a. Organization b. Care for offspring c. Acquisition of materials and energy d. Responding to stimuli in the environment

b. Care for offspring

The increase in the complexity of chemicals that led to the first cells is called: a. Natural selection b. Chemical evolution c. Metabolism d. Natural chemistry

b. Chemical evolution

An university biology department wishes to hire a scientist to work on the relationships among the wolves, moose, trees, and physical features on an island, including mountains and streams. You have to write the job description. What should you title the position? a. Boss b. Ecosystem ecologist c. Island zoologist d. Population geneticist e. Molecular biologist

b. Ecosystem ecologist

The ___________ theory suggests that the aerobic and photosynthetic bacteria associated with eukaryotic cells and gave rise to mitochondria and chloroplasts. a. Cell b. Endosymbiotic c. Prokaryotic Ingestion d. Endosympathetic

b. Endosymbiotic

The event of a species' total disappearance from Earth is known as: a. Elimination b. Extinction c. Erasure d. Execution

b. Extinction

The genetic material for all living organisms is: a. A nucleus b. Cytoplasm c. Deoxyribonucleic acid d. Proteins e. Ribonucleic acid

c. Deoxyribonucleic acid

A gradual change from an ancestral type was referred to by Darwin as: a. Convergent divergence b. Catastrophism c. Descent with modification d. The principle of superposition

c. Descent with modification

An acorn is the "seed" of an oak tree. The process by which the acorn becomes a tree would be described as: a. Homeostasis b. Emergent properties c. Growth and development d. Reproduction e. None of the above

c. Growth and development

Analogous structures have a similar function, but may be constructed differently. Select an example of analogous structures: a. An appendix and gall bladder b. Hoof of a deer and a rhino's horn c. Wing of a butterfly and wing of a bird d. Leg of a cat and leg of a goat

c. Wing of a butterfly and wing of a bird

Northern regions of Eurasia (Siberia, Russia, Norway, etc.) and artic regions of North America (Canada, Alaska) share similar climates and landscapes. Which statement would be most correct?: a. Both are part of a large land mass and are connected by ice bridges b. You would find palm trees in northern North America and conifers in northern Eurasia c. You would see similar animals, like wolves, hares, and caribou, in both regions d. You would find animals and plants from all over the world there, just in fewer numbers e. You see the northern lights in summer in North America; and in winter in northern Eurasia

c. You would see similar animals, like wolves, hares, and caribou, in both regions

With the appearance of photosynthetic cyanobacteria during the Precambrian era which events occurred? a. An oxidizing atmosphere developed on Earth b. The formation of the ozone shield occurred c. The amount of UV light reaching the Earth was reduced and chemical evolution slowed d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Single celled prokaryotes a. Are classified in the domains Archaea and Bacteria b. Are found in almost all habitats c. Lack a membrane bound nucleus d. All the above are correct

d. All the above are correct

The presence of transitional fossils like Archaeopteryx in the fossil record offer evidence linking: a. Birds and bats b. Amphibians and birds c. Mammals and reptiles d. Birds and reptiles

d. Birds and reptiles

The taxonomist who devised the use of binomial nomenclature as a way to universally identify organisms was: a. Derrick Mann b. Gregor Mendel c. Charles Darwin d. Carolus Linnaeus

d. Carolus Linnaeus

The table indicates the number of amino acids that differ in sequence of the hemoglobin from selected when compared to human hemoglobin. On the basis of this information, which organism would be classified as most closely related to humans? a. Frog b. Lamprey c. Macaque d. Dog e. All of them are equally related to humans

d. Dog

What type of anatomical structures are depicted below, suggesting a common ancestor are: a. Heterologous b. Analogous c. Ambivalent d. Homologous

d. Homologous

Homeostasis is a. Adapting to radiation b. Staying at home c. Balancing internal and external conditions d. Maintaining internal conditions within a narrow operating range

d. Maintaining internal conditions within a narrow operating range

Organisms producing more offspring than can survive are called: a. Responders b. Parents c. Competitors d. Overproducers

d. Overproducers

The term "reducing atmosphere" for the early Earth means that the atmosphere contained little or no free a. Radicals b. Lunches c. Nitrogen d. Oxygen e. Lava

d. Oxygen

____________________________ fossils bear a resemblance to two groups that in the present day are classified separately and often represent an intermediate evolutionary form. a. Anatomical b. Stratalogical c. Homeostatic d. Transitional

d. Transitional

Differences between members of the same species are called a. Genes b. Mutations c. Selectors d. Variations

d. Variations

Evidence for evolution includes: a. Fossils b. Anatomical evidence c. Biographical evidence d. Biochemical evidence e. All of the above provide evidence for evolution

e. All of the above provide evidence for evolution

Which of the following is not related to natural selection? a. Differential reproductive success b. Competition for resources c. Heritable variations d. Fitness e. Breeding to increase the frequency of desired traits

e. Breeding to increase the frequency of desired traits

Which of the following is NOT one of the 8 taxonomic categories used to classify living organisms? a. Kingdom b. Order c. Species d. Family e. Clan

e. Clan

Due to human activities, more carbon dioxide is being released into the atmosphere than is being removed. Which of the following is an effect of the rise in CO2 levels? a. It is expelled into deep space to counteract heat rays that cause the temperatures to rise b. Much of the extraneous CO2 is dissolved into the oceans causing acidification c. It is causing trees to grow larger which become storm hazards d. It is causing humans to mutate and adapt to being able to breathe CO2

b. Much of the extraneous CO2 is dissolved into the oceans causing acidification

Identify the correctly written scientific name for the house mouse. The species musculus is one of several in the genus Mus. a. musculus Mus b. Mus musculus (italicized) c. Mus musculus d. Musculus mus (italicized)

b. Mus musculus (italicized)

The science of discovering fossils and studying the fossil record is called: a. Biogeography b. Paleontology c. Stratology d. Archaebiology

b. Paleontology

Tropical rain forests have many species that are found in great abundance. A study in the Brazilian rain forest found 487 tree species growing on a single hectare (2.5 acres). In the U.S. and Canada together, there are only 700 species of trees on millions of acres. In one part in a Peruvian rainforest, scientists have identified over 1300 species of butterflies, while in all of Europe there are approximately 320 butterfly species. These findings suggest that a. We need to decrease the number of rain forests to use the resources b. Rainforests are biologically more diverse than other ecosystems c. Rainforests are biologically less diverse than other ecosystems on Earth d. The number of tree species and butterfly species are about the same throughout the ecosystems of the world

b. Rainforests are biologically more diverse than other ecosystems

Which of the following is NOT a division of the Earth's history in the geological timescale? a. Epoch b. Season c. Era d. Period

b. Season

Which of the following is NOT considered biochemical evidence of evolution? a. All living organisms use the DNA triplet code b. All organisms use 20 amino acids in proteins c. All cells undergo mitosis d. All living organisms use the same basic biochemical molecules

c. All cells undergo mitosis

Emergent properties of living systems are defined as properties that: a. Are apparent only when organisms are studied at a molecular level b. Are evident only during one part of the life cycle of an organism c. Are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases d. Define the cells surroundings

c. Are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

All of the following statements concerning the continental drift theory are true EXCEPT: a. The coastlines of several continents are mirror images. b. Similar geological structures are found in areas where the continents touched. c. Continental drift has ceased d. The unique distribution patterns of several fossils is explained by continental drift

c. Continental drift has ceased

The purpose of selective breeding (or artificial selection) is a. To make sure weak animals survive b. To make sure weak animals become extinct c. Create animals or plants with desirable traits d. To offset man's interference in ecosystems

c. Create animals or plants with desirable traits