1301 CRIJ Ch 5 & 6 Study Guide

Which was the first American city to create a paid and unified municipal police force?

New York

Which of the following federal laws inaugurated America's War on Drugs?

the Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914

The crime triangle is a view of crime and disorder as an interaction among three variables, which are

victim, offender, and location.

Approximately how many local, state, and federal public law enforcement agencies operate in the United States?

18,000

There are three major differences between federal law enforcement agencies and local and state police agencies. Which of the following is NOT among those differences?

A significant function performed by a special category of federal law enforcement officers is university or campus policing.

Following are three parts of the acronym SARA, which some community policing advocates recommend as a four-step problem-solving process. What are three parts of SARA?

Assessment—determining the solutions' effect CORRECT Scanning—identifying problems CORRECT Arrival—determining the situation's timeliness WRONG Response—developing and implementing solutions CORRECT

Which of the following is currently the most complete DNA database?

CODIS

What does CODIS stand for?

Combined DNA Index System. CODIS is the generic term used to describe the FBI's program of support for criminal justice DNA databases as well as the software used to run these databases.

Which of the following agencies has the largest IAFIS?

FBI

Which of the 50 United States does not have a state policing agency?

Hawaii

August Vollmer advocated three principles to professionalize American policing. Which of the following does NOT belong?

He believed that citizens needed training in methods of self-policing.

Which of the following presidents created the DEA?

Nixon

Which of the following is true about the War on Drugs, at least according to its critics?

The drug war is racist. CORRECT The government has exaggerated the dangers of illegal drug use. CORRECT Abuse or misuse of illegal drugs has contributed to more deaths annually than either alcohol or tobacco. WRONG The drug war is hugely expensive. CORRECT

Which of the following is true about terrorism?

The modern era of terrorism began with the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, according to the FBI. WRONG It has been used by both right-wing and left-wing political organizations, by ethnic and nationalistic groups, by revolutionaries, and by the armies and secret police of established governments. CORRECT The terrorist acts of 9/11 constituted the bloodiest day on American soil since the Civil War. CORRECT It is one of the oldest forms of human conflict. CORRECT

Your textbook describes four characteristics that generally define the role of the police. What are some of those characteristics?

The police perform ongoing educational roles in the community. WRONG The police solve sociological and technological problems for people on a short-term basis. CORRECT The police are community leaders in public safety. CORRECT The police occasionally serve in a hostile or dangerous environment. CORRECTS

Which of the following federal law enforcement agencies employs the largest number of personnel?

U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Who were the first federal law enforcement agents in the United States?

U.S. Marshals

When an entire patrol section is instructed to make numerous traffic stops and field interrogations, the practice is referred to as ________ patrol.

aggressive

What is currently the top priority of the FBI?

being an intelligence and counter-terrorism agency

With community policing,

citizens share responsibility for their community's safety.

Your textbook identifies five roles that investigators may play in a police department. What are some of those roles?

conducting background checks of applicants to the police department. CORRECT conducting field interrogations and other types of aggressive patrol WRONG conducting inquiries of alleged crimes by police personnel CORRECT inquiring about crimes they have been dispatched to or have encountered on their own while on patrol CORRECT

The Statute of Winchester formalized the ________ system of protection.

constable-watch

Earlier in American history, two forms of police protection began to evolve—the ________ in the villages, towns, and cities; and the ________ in the rural areas, unincorporated areas, and counties.

constable-watch system; sheriff

In ________ patrol, officers are given guidance on how to use their patrol time, often based on the results of crime analyses that identify problem areas.

directed

Which of the following circumstances accounted for the largest number of law enforcement officers assaulted in the United States in 2011?

disturbance calls

According to the Homeland Security Act of 2002, which of the following agencies or organizations has "primary responsibility for investigating and prosecuting acts of terrorism"?

federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies

Which of the following is NOT am emphasis area of community policing?

fighting crime

Each year, nearly twice as many people are ________ as are ________.

killed in automobile accidents; murdered

The vast majority of American law enforcement agencies are

local

The only personal experience most people have with the criminal justice process is contact with a

local police officer

One of the interesting findings of foot patrol research was that foot patrol officers were better able to deal with

minor annoyances—rowdy youths, panhandlers, and abandoned cars—that irritate citizens.

Breaking up a fight, holding back a crowd at a sporting event, or intervening in a domestic dispute before it gets violent are examples of which of the following local police duties?

order maintenance or peacekeeping

Which of the following is unquestionably the most time-consuming and resource-intensive task of any police agency?

patrol

According to Peel, the main function of the police was to ________ by ________ of the community.

prevent crime; preventive patrol

Patrols that are "systematically unsystematic" and observant in an attempt to both deter and ferret out crime on their beats are known as random or ________ patrol.

preventive

Early American citizens ________ the formation of the first police departments.

resisted

The idea of ________ remains very popular in the South and the West.

self-protection

Which of the following drug enforcement strategies accounts for the greatest number of drug arrests and seizures?

street-level enforcement

Which of the following is the FBI's definition of terrorism?

the systematic use of terror or unpredictable violence against governments, publics, or individuals to attain a political objective

Why was the U.S. Secret Service created?

to combat counterfeiting