16.4-17.3

A typical adult hematocrit is around 65. 25. 85. 45. 75.

45

Too little secretion of cortisol causes Addison's disease. Cushing's disease. goiter. diabetes insipidus. diabetes mellitus.

Addison's disease.

Tanya received some unsettling news at a recent checkup with her doctor. It had been a while since she had a physical examination, and some recent changes in her body prompted her to check in with her doctor. It seemed like she felt thirsty all the time, and her vision didn't seem as clear as it was earlier in life. The problems were relatively minor, but as a 50-year old woman who was admittedly a little out of shape, Tanya felt it was worth seeing the doctor. Tanya's doctor asked her to come in early in the morning and without eating anything for breakfast. She said that was important for some blood tests they'd do. The doctor did a full examination, including blood tests, and told Tanya she was showing signs of diabetes mellitus. The doctor said this is unfortunately a very common disease in the United States, and though Tanya might not be experiencing major symptoms now, they needed to take steps to treat the problem. She said Tanya has lots of sugar in her blood, but her cells are starved for sugar. This is bad, she said, because we don't want our cells to be starved of the sugar they need to harness energy. The doctor said she would work with Tanya to modify her diet and start her on a reasonable exercise program. She said there also might be some medications to consider if diet and exercise don't do enough to correct the problem. Why are Tanya's cells starved for sugar (glucose) if there is so much glucose in the blood? -Tanya ate too much glucose and the high levels have poisoned her cells -Tanya's pancreas is not making insulin -Tanya's cells don't recognize the messages telling them to let the glucose inside -Tanya's cells are insensitive to the glucagon produced by her pancreas

Tanya's cells don't recognize the messages telling them to let the glucose inside

Which of the following statements is false? -The heart propels blood and helps maintain blood pressure. -Veins return blood to the capillaries -Capillaries permit diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids. -Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Veins return blood to the capillaries

Platelets are tiny cells with a polynucleus. cytoplasmic fragments of large cells. large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus. red cells that lack a nucleus. blue cells that have a nucleus.

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone renin. thymosin. albumin. erythropoietin. angiotensin.

erythropoietin

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells? cortisol atrial natriuretic peptide aldosterone erythropoietin thymosin

erythropoietin

A hematocrit provides information on sedimentation rate. clotting factors. formed elements abundance. plasma composition. blood type.

formed elements abundance.

Cushing disease is a result of which of the following? hyposecretion of corticosteroids hypersecretion of glucocorticoids hypersecretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids

hypersecretion of glucocorticoids

Megakaryocytes are precursors for which formed elements of blood? monocytes Megakaryocytes are precursors for which formed elements of blood? monocytes platelets basophils erythrocytes basophils erythrocytes

platelets

Natriuretic peptides: increase blood volume and pressure. stimulate renin release and ADH secretion. involve stretch receptors in the kidneys. promote the loss of sodium and water at the kidneys.

promote the loss of sodium and water at the kidneys.

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of nitrogen wastes. proteins. electrolytes. water. glucose.

proteins

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is yellow bone marrow. the thymus. the spleen. the liver. red bone marrow

red bone marrow

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). resistance prolonged alarm extension exhaustion

resistance

The normal pH of blood is extremely acidic. neutral. extremely alkaline. slightly acidic. slightly alkaline.

slightly alkaline.

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except viscosity about the same as water. the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles. the ability to neutralize acids. a built-in system for clotting. deep red color.

viscosity about the same as water.

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of angiotensin. atrial natriuretic peptide. cortisol. adrenaline. erythropoietin.

angiotensin.

Tanya received some unsettling news at a recent checkup with her doctor. It had been a while since she had a physical examination, and some recent changes in her body prompted her to check in with her doctor. It seemed like she felt thirsty all the time, and her vision didn't seem as clear as it was earlier in life. The problems were relatively minor, but as a 50-year old woman who was admittedly a little out of shape, Tanya felt it was worth seeing the doctor. Tanya's doctor asked her to come in early in the morning and without eating anything for breakfast. She said that was important for some blood tests they'd do. The doctor did a full examination, including blood tests, and told Tanya she was showing signs of diabetes mellitus. The doctor said this is unfortunately a very common disease in the United States, and though Tanya might not be experiencing major symptoms now, they needed to take steps to treat the problem. She said Tanya has lots of sugar in her blood, but her cells are starved for sugar. This is bad, she said, because we don't want our cells to be starved of the sugar they need to harness energy. The doctor said she would work with Tanya to modify her diet and start her on a reasonable exercise program. She said there also might be some medications to consider if diet and exercise don't do enough to correct the problem. What other symptom is Tanya likely experiencing as a result of diabetes that accounts for her high level of thirst? Increased blockages in the arteries of the heart Increased sweat production Increased defecation and diarrhea Increased urination

Increased urination

Tanya received some unsettling news at a recent checkup with her doctor. It had been a while since she had a physical examination, and some recent changes in her body prompted her to check in with her doctor. It seemed like she felt thirsty all the time, and her vision didn't seem as clear as it was earlier in life. The problems were relatively minor, but as a 50-year old woman who was admittedly a little out of shape, Tanya felt it was worth seeing the doctor. Tanya's doctor asked her to come in early in the morning and without eating anything for breakfast. She said that was important for some blood tests they'd do. The doctor did a full examination, including blood tests, and told Tanya she was showing signs of diabetes mellitus. The doctor said this is unfortunately a very common disease in the United States, and though Tanya might not be experiencing major symptoms now, they needed to take steps to treat the problem. She said Tanya has lots of sugar in her blood, but her cells are starved for sugar. This is bad, she said, because we don't want our cells to be starved of the sugar they need to harness energy. The doctor said she would work with Tanya to modify her diet and start her on a reasonable exercise program. She said there also might be some medications to consider if diet and exercise don't do enough to correct the problem. Which of the following is the best evidence that Tanya has Type 2 (not Type 1) diabetes mellitus? -She is 50-years old and out of shape -She feels thirsty all the time -She has lots of sugar in her blood, but her cells are starved for sugar -She is experiencing vision problems

She is 50-years old and out of shape

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma? fibrinogen steroid-binding protein gamma globulin hormone-binding protein

albumin

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by decreased resistance to disease and infection. increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. increased ability to produce glucose from glycogen. All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct.

decreased resistance to disease and infection

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted. during periods of fasting. at high altitudes. during anemia. as a consequence of hemorrhage.

during periods of fasting.