1840s APUSH >>> Combo Set
John Tyler
elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery
During the early 1840s, Texas maintained its independence by
establishing friendly relations with Britain and other European powers.
Henry Clay lost the election of 1844 to James Polk because
his attempt to straddle the Texas annexation issue lost him votes to the antislavery Liberty party in New York.
Stephen F. Austin
known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States.
49th Parallel
line at which the Oregon Territory was drawn in 1846.
Sewing Machine
made in 1846 by Elias Howe; made making clothing faster and cheaper
James K. Polk
president in March 1845. wanted to settle oregon boundary dispute with britain. wanted to aquire California. wanted to incorperate Texas into union.
Wilmot Proviso
proposed in 1846 that congress ban slavery in all southwestern lands that might become states; passed in the House but not by the Senate; slave states saw it as a northern attack on slavery
Winfield Scott
"Old Fuss and Feathers", whose conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War. (B)
Battle of San Jacinto
(1836) Final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas
Britain eventually lost out in the contest for the disputed Oregon territory because
the rapidly growing number of American settlers overwhelmed the small British population.
William Henry Harrison
was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
William Henry Harrison
1840, was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
Hopedale and Brook Farm
1841, Utopian societies
John Tyler
1841, elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
1842 - Established Maine's northern border and the boundaries of the Great Lake states.
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
1842, (JT), followed by Aroostook War, 1842 between the US and the Brits, settled boundary disputes in the North West, fixed most borders between US and Canada, talked about slavery and excredition
Aroostook War
1842, The result of the conflict over The Caroline ship, which consisted of angry Americans and Canadians, mostly lumberjacks, began moving into the disputed Aroostook River region, causing a violent brawl.
James Polk
1844, 11th President of the United States, his expansionism led to the Mexican War and the annexation of California and much of the southwest
Telegraph
1844, apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire (usually in Morse code)
Joseph Smith
1844, religious leader who founded the Mormon Church
Wilmot Proviso
1845, Dispute over whether any Mexican territory that America won during the Mexican War should be free or a slave territory. A representative named David Wilmot introduced an amendment stating that any territory acquired from Mexico would be free. This amendment passed the House twice, but failed to ever pass in Senate. The "Wilmot Proviso", as it became known as, became a symbol of how intense dispute over slavery was in the U.S.
Manifest destiny
1845, This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory.
Texas and Troops
1845, annex
Oregon
1846, annexed
Mormons to Utah
1846, move west
North Star
1847, paper started by Frederick Douglas, named because it is the brightest star always north used to lead escaping slaves to freedom in the North, also supported women's rights
Zachary Taylor
1848, General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States. Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated.
Oneida
1848, The Perfectionist Utopian movement began in New York. People lived in a commune and shared everything, even marriages.
California Gold Rush
1849, (San Francisco 49ers) Gold discovered in California attracted a rush of people all over the country to San Francisco.
Dorthea Dix's Report on Treatment of the Insane
1943, revolutionary novel
Oregon Trail
2,00 mile long pioneer trail that began in Missouri and crossed the great plains into the Oregon country.
1. John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry A) increased Southern fears of Northern hostility B) was praised by most Northerners C) had little effect on sectional tensions D) was intended as a statement against the U.S. government E) resulted in the resignation of James Buchanan
A
18. The U.S. government precipitated a crisis with Mexico by A) deploying an army in a disputed border area B) rejecting the application by Texas for annexation C) attacking the Mexican town of Monterrey D) sending federal troops to seize New Mexico E) encouraging Indian attacks on Mexico
A
20. In the 1820s, the Mexican government invited American traders to New Mexico primarily to A) speed up the development of New Mexico B) open a trade route with the United States C) have an outlet for its excess trade goods D) promote harmony between Mexico and the United States E) extend slavery into northern Mexico
A
33. The application for California statehood caused turmoil in Congress because A) it would upset the balance between the slave and free states in the Senate B) it would disturb the balance in the House between those who favored slavery and those who opposed it C) Democrats would allow no more slave states into the Union D) Whigs would allow no more free states into the Union E) Republicans were suspected of using the issue to gain the favor of voters
A
38. The man most responsible for getting the Compromise of 1850 through Congress was A) Stephen A. Douglas B) William H. Seward C) Jefferson Davis D) Henry Clay E) John C. Calhoun
A
40. In the early 1850s, the Northern response to the Fugitive Slave Act included all of the following actions except A) states banned Southern travelers from visiting Northern cities B) mobs freed runaway slaves held by federal authorities C) states passed laws making it difficult to enforce the federal statute D) one state court declared void the federal statute E) citizens expressed ardent dissatisfaction with the law
A
41. Because of the "Young America" movement, the United States considered annexing parts of A) Cuba B) Russia C) Mexico D) Panama E) Brazil
A
43. Renewed sectional conflict in 1854 was triggered by the question of A) building a transcontinental railroad B) acquiring the territory of Cuba C) admitting New Mexico as a free state D) admitting Oregon as a slave state E) adding California as a state
A
45. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 contained all of the following provisions except A) declaring the Wilmot Proviso void B) creating two new federal territories C) repealing the antislavery provision of the Missouri Compromise D) allowing some territorial legislatures to decide the slavery issue for themselves E) creating popular sovereignty as a method of compromise
A
50. The "Crime against Kansas" speech resulted in the A) Sumner-Brooks affair B) Pottawatomie massacre C) sack of Lawrence D) John Brown raid E) Wilmot Proviso
A
54. During the election of 1856, the major candidates included A) James Buchanan B) Stephen Douglas C) James Polk D) Abraham Lincoln E) Franklin Pierce
A
Liberty Party
A former political party in the United States; formed in 1840 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848
3. Almost all of the supporters of Manifest Destiny agreed that A) Americans had a God-given right to expand their superior civilization into new territory B) the "empire of liberty" should extend into Canada and Mexico C) the United States could use force to achieve this expansion D) expansion should serve the economic interests of Americans E) the United States should annex large sections of Mexico
A. Americans had a god-given right to expand their superior civilaztion into new territory
4. The initial migration of American settlers to Texas was encouraged by the A) Mexican government B) Catholic church C) American government D) American Colonization Society E) Liberty party
A. Mexican gov
10. The second wave of permanent American settlers in Oregon were mainly A) missionaries B) gold prospectors C) fur traders D) cattle ranchers E) land speculators
A. Missionaries
7. Just before Texas became a U.S. state in 1845, Texas was A) an independent nation B) part of Mexico C) a free-labor territory D) a U.S. territory E) a jointly occupied area claimed by Mexico and England
A. an independent nation
Joint Resolutions
Act of both houses of Congress by which Texas was annexed.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the Mexican War provided for
American acquisition of about half of Mexico and payment of several million dollars in compensation.
Among the major sources of the tension between Britain and the United States in the 1840s was
American involvement in Canadian rebellions and border disputes.
Zachary Taylor
American military hero who invaded northern Mexico from Texas in 1846-1847. (K)
Conscience Whigs
Anti-slavery Whigs who opposed both the Texas annexation and the Mexican War on moral grounds.
15. The main issue in James K. Polk's 1844 presidential campaign was his commitment to A) increasing the tariff B) territorial expansion of the United States C) reducing the cost of Western land D) rechartering the Bank of the United States E) resolving sectional differences
B
19. From the 1820s to 1840s, Americans became involved in trade with New Mexico by traveling along the A) Butterfield Overland Trail B) Santa Fe Trail C) Old Spanish Trail D) Mormon Trail E) Independence Trail
B
22. In Congress, most of the criticism of the Mexican War came from the A) Democrats B) Whigs C) Federalists D) Republicans E) States' Rightists
B
23. The able commanding general of the United States' forces in the Mexican War was A) Zachary Taylor B) Winfield Scott C) A. W. Domphan D) Ulysses S. Grant E) Stephen Kearny
B
30. The California Gold Rush resulted in all of the following developments except A) the influx of over 200,000 people into the region B) the kidnapping of thousands of Chinese to serve as workers C) the forcing of thousands of Indians to serve as indentured laborers D) the pressuring of the federal government to create an effective government for the area E) the spreading of publicity throughout the world
B
32. President Zachary Taylor favored the A) exclusion of slavery from all the lands acquired from Mexico B) swift admission of new states from the Mexican Cession, with the issue of slavery decided by the local inhabitants C) gradual admission of new states from the Mexican Cession, after giving Southerners a chance to move into the area D) creation of only slave states in all the lands acquired from Mexico E) exclusion of Nebraska and Kansas from statehood
B
35. The 1850 legislation that aimed at resolving all the sectional issues in one compromise package was introduced by A) John C. Calhoun B) Henry Clay C) Daniel Webster D) Abraham Lincoln E) Zachary Taylor
B
39. In the election of 1852, the Whig party lost the chance for victory when it split over the issue of A) temperance B) slavery C) tariffs D) territorial expansion E) the Mexican War
B
46. The first political party to disintegrate over the issue of slavery was the A) Federalist B) Whig C) Free-Soil D) Democratic E) Republican
B
48. Popular sovereignty failed in Kansas because of A) voter apathy B) illegal voting by Missouri residents C) the failure to clearly identify the key issues D) a lack of regional interest in slavery E) voter fraud by Free Soil elements
B
52. During the late 1850s, the Free Laborites of the North came to believe in all of the following ideas except A) the perfect society was one of small-scale capitalism that allowed everyone a chance at upward mobility B) slavery was such a moral evil that it must be abolished quickly C) Southern society was so backward that it constituted a threat to democracy and individualism D) the South was engaged in a conspiracy to extend slavery throughout the nation E) the existence of slavery endangered the rights of whites to own property
B
59. In the late 1850s, Abraham Lincoln argued that slavery should be A) protected in the slave states and in all territories B) allowed to continue in the slave states, but prohibited in all territories C) gradually abolished everywhere, with a definite timetable and compensation for the owners D) immediately abolished throughout the nation E) regarded as a necessary evil in the West
B
12. The westward journey to the West Coast in the 1840s could be characterized as A) relatively easy and safe B) dangerous and strenuous C) disease free and relatively short D) dangerous because of Indian attack E) unsuccessful at reaching the West
B. Dangerous and strenuous
The main reason for the Texas Revolution was A) Mexico was determined to drive all Americans out of Texas B) Mexico had become a dictatorship C) failure of James Polk to pursue expansion D) the United States' desire to gain control of the territory of Mexico E) the Texans' desire to overthrow the government of Mexico
B. Mexico had become a dicatorship
Despite earlier efforts to settle the issue, the slavery question became a major issue in the 1840s and 1850s because the
B. Nation Was Expanding West
14. Martin Van Buren lost the 1844 Democratic party nomination for president because A) many Democrats decided that he could not beat Henry Clay B) he did not favor the immediate annexation of Texas C) he was mistrusted by northern Democrats D) he believed that the United States should risk war with Great Britain to get Oregon E) many Democrats were not willing to risk war with Mexico to annex Texas
B. he did not favor the immediate annexation of texas
Wilmot Proviso
Bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico
Which of the following was not among the reasons why Britain strongly supported an independent Texas?
Britain was interested in eventually incorporating Texas into the British empire.
16. The United States annexed Texas during the presidency of A) Andrew Jackson B) Martin Van Buren C) John Tyler D) James K. Polk E) Franklin Pierce
C
31. In 1849 and 1850, Congress was thrown into turmoil by the statehood application of A) Texas B) Kansas C) California D) New Mexico E) Nebraska
C
37. The Compromise of 1850 A) passed easily with the endorsement of Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster B) finally became law only after President Taylor endorsed it C) became law after Senator Douglas maneuvered it through Congress D) failed to pass because of the opposition of powerful senators E) succeeded at eliminating sectional enmity
C
42. In the Ostend Manifesto, American diplomats called for American A) support of the Hungarian Revolution against Austria B) diplomatic relations and trade with Japan C) annexation of Cuba, by force if necessary D) annexation of the kingdom of Hawaii E) rejecting of the Wilmot Proviso
C
44. Stephen Douglas's intention in introducing the Kansas-Nebraska bill seems to have been to A) strengthen his chances for reelection to the Senate B) permanently settle the conflict over slavery in the territories C) promote the construction of a Midwestern transcontinental railroad D) win national attention as the basis for a future presidential campaign E) express his support for the new Republican party
C
53. From the 1830s onward, the general position of white Southerners on the issue of slavery A) became more flexible as abolitionist arguments gained followers in the South B) turned gradually in the direction of eventual emancipation C) became increasingly sensitive and rigid in defense of the slave labor system D) remained about the same as it had been in earlier decades E) caused riots in many Southern cities
C
57. When the question of Kansas reached Congress in 1857 and 1858, the Democratic president urged that A) the territory hold new elections because of the evident fraud in earlier votes B) Congress accept the free-state legislature of Topeka as the valid one C) Congress admit the state to the Union under the proslavery Lecompton constitution D) military officials arrange a ceasefire between the two sides in the dispute E) the territory should merge with Nebraska as a free-labor state
C
64. During the 1850s, A) politicians continued to ignore the issue of slavery B) Americans were uplifted by the peaceful entry of Kansas to the Union C) compromises regarding slavery gave way to bitter divisiveness D) the Republican party declined in popularity in the North E) presidential performance was strong and decisive
C
Rio Grande
Claimed by United States as southern boundary of Texas. (F)
Aroostook War
Clash over the Maine-Canada boundary where a road was proposed to connect Halifax and Quebec. (H)
David Wilmot
Congressional author of resolution forbidding slavery in territory acquired from Mexico. (L)
Abraham Lincoln
Congressional author of the "spot resolutions" criticizing the Mexican War. (A)
The phrase "spot resolutions" refers to
Congressman Abraham Lincoln's resolution demanding to know the exact spot of American soil where American blood had supposedly been shed.
The upsurge of Manifest Destiny in the 1840's
Created widespread popular support for Polk's expansionist policies on Texas, Oregon, and California. (I)
17. In 1846, the United States signed a treaty dividing the Oregon territory along the 49th parallel with A) Russia B) France C) Spain D) Great Britain E) Canada
D
25. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo included all the following provisions except A) Mexico ceding New Mexico to the United States B) Mexico acknowledging the Rio Grande as the border C) the United States agreeing to pay Mexico $15 million D) the United States retaining transit rights across Mexico E) Mexico ceding California to the United States
D
26. During the 1840s, President James K. Polk antagonized sectional interests by A) raising tariffs B) vetoing internal improvement bills C) proposing the abolition of slavery in the territories D) appearing to treat Texas as more important than Oregon E) instigating war with Mexico
D
34. The provisions of the Compromise of 1850 included A) abolishing fugitive slave laws B) admitting California as a slave state C) prohibiting slavery in New Mexico territory D) abolishing the slave trade in the District of Columbia E) ending slavery in all new territories
D
49. "Bleeding Kansas" gained its reputation for violence because of the A) U.S. Army's vicious tactics while driving the Indians out of the territory B) general lawlessness of cowtowns like Dodge City and Abilene C) actions of various bandit gangs that roamed the territory before the arrival of federal marshals D) sporadic warfare between settlers on opposing sides in the battle over the slavery issue E) fierce Indian raids on new settlements of whites
D
51. In 1856, the U.S. Representative Preston Brooks, infuriated by an insulting speech directed against his uncle, beat with his cane U.S. Senator A) Stephen A. Douglas B) Daniel Webster C) Henry Clay D) Charles Sumner E) Jefferson Davis
D
55. A significant aspect of James Buchanan's win over John C. Fremont in the election of 1856 was A) Buchanan's charismatic and energetic style B) the Republican party's failure to run a presidential campaign C) Millard Fillmore's strong third-party showing D) Fremont's inability to gain votes in the South E) the collapse of the Democratic party in the North
D
58. The Lincoln-Douglas debates resulted in all of the following events except A) Douglas won reelection to the U.S. Senate B) Douglas argued that territorial legislatures could still exclude slavery by simply not passing laws to protect it C) Lincoln gained a national reputation as a Republican leader by performing well D) Lincoln maintained that the slaves must eventually be freed and awarded full legal equality E) Lincoln expressed free-labor sentiments about settlement in the West
D
62. During the election of 1860, the Democratic party A) dissolved B) lost most of the elections for senators and representatives C) split into a Northern and a Southern faction D) managed to draw what was left of the Whig party into its ranks E) dominated voting strength in the Northeast
D
65. The educational and oratorical brainchild of Josiah Holbrook was a movement called A) university B) compendium C) colloquium D) lyceum E) gymnasium
D
66. Lyceums were established as A) places of refuge for runaway slaves B) meeting houses for nativist political parties C) traveling religious revivals D) a place for men and women to educate themselves about issues E) a venue for citizens to view the growth of American military technology
D
2. Advocates of Manifest Destiny claimed the motive for territorial expansion was to A) achieve a political balance between North and South B) secure new resources and markets for the United States C) settle the issue of slavery in the West D) extend American liberty to new territories E) ensure that no foreign powers gained territory in North America
D. Extend american liberty to new territories
6. The victorious commanding general at the Battle of San Jacinto was A) Davy Crockett B) Jim Bowie C) Andrew Jackson D) Sam Houston E) William Travis
D. Sam Houston
8. In the 1840s, the Oregon Country's ownership remained in dispute between the United States and A) Mexico B) Russia C) France D) Great Britain E) Canada
D. britian
James K. Polk
Dark-horse presidential winner in 1844 who effectively carried out ambitious expansionist campaign plans. (M)
John C. Fremont
Dashing explorer/adventurer who led the overthrow of Mexican rule in California after war broke out. (G)
21. According to President Polk, war with Mexico began when A) the United States annexed Texas, and Mexico declared war B) Santa Anna brutally captured and killed the defenders of the Alamo C) American troops crossed the Rio Grande and attacked Mexican troops D) Mexican and American troops ran into each other on foraging missions E) Mexican troops crossed the Rio Grande and attacked American troops
E
24. The heaviest fighting of the Mexican War occurred in A) New Mexico B) California C) northern Mexico D) Texas E) central Mexico
E
28. The Wilmot Proviso that prohibited slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico A) was quickly passed by Congress B) never came to a vote in Congress C) received the support of President Polk D) passed the Senate but lost in the House E) passed the House but lost in the Senate
E
29. The proposal for popular sovereignty called for deciding the issue of slavery in the territories through A) Constitutional amendment B) direct national referendum C) a vote in both houses of Congress D) executive order E) a popular vote by the residents of each territory
E
36. When the Compromise of 1850 finally passed, it included all of the following provisions except A) a strong Fugitive Slave Act B) the admission of California as a free state C) the abolition of the slave trade in Washington, D.C. D) the formation of territorial governments in former Mexican territory E) the exclusion of slavery from all parts of the Mexican Cession
E
60. When John Brown raided Harper's Ferry, all of the following events occurred except A) the state of Virginia executed Brown for treason B) Southerners decided that many Northerners were determined to destroy slavery in the Southern states C) some abolitionists glorified Brown as a saint D) lives were lost among Brown's raiders E) the U.S. military refused to stop Brown
E
63. During the election of 1860, all of the following events occurred except A) the Democratic party split into Northern and Southern wings and ran opposing candidates B) the Republican party ran an exciting campaign, but only in the North C) the nation voted largely along sectional lines D) a new party appeared that tried to hold the union together by avoiding the slavery issue E) no one received a majority of the electoral votes, so the U.S. House selected Lincoln as the next president
E
67. During the middle of the nineteenth century, a spirited topic at lyceums was A) tariff wars B) campaign finance reform C) temperance D) military spending E) slavery
E
13. In the election campaign of 1844, Henry Clay A) urged the immediate annexation of Texas B) denounced the proposed annexation of Texas C) suggested selling Texas to Great Britain or France D) called for war with Mexico E) tried to avoid the issue of Texas
E. tried to avoid the issue of Texas
The overwhelming American military victory over Mexico
Enabled the United States to take vast territories in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. (B)
After President Harrison's death, Vice President John Tyler carried on the strong Whig policies of leaders like Clay and Webster.
False
By the 1840s, the bitter memories of two Anglo-American wars had disappeared, putting an end to major British-American conflicts.
False
Polk's primary objective in fighting the Mexican War was to obtain California.
False
The Polk administration aimed to seize California by force and made no effort at peaceful purchase of the territory.
False
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gave the United States a small slice of present-day southern New Mexico and Arizona.
False
The Wilmot Proviso prohibiting slavery in territory acquired from Mexico helped shove the slavery issue out of sight.
False
The immediate cause of the Mexican War was an attempt by Mexico to reconquer Texas.
False
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
February 2 1848. The agreement between President Polk and the new Mexican government for Mexico to cede California and New Mexico to the US and acknowledge the Rio Grand as the boundary of Texas. In return, the US promised to assume any financial claims its new citizens had against Mexico and to pay the Mexicans $15 million.
Free Soil Party
Formed 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory.
The main American military campaign that finally captured Mexico City was commanded by
General Winfield Scott.
"Manifest Destiny" represented the widespread American belief that
God had destined the United States to expand across the whole North American continent.
Lewis Cass
He was nominated as President after Polk and he evolved a doctrine of popular sovereignty. He argued that slavery should be kept out of Congress and left to the people.
The Wilmot Proviso
Heated up the slavery controversy between North and South. (F)
Polk's frustration at Mexico's refusal to sell California
Helped lead to a controversial confrontation with Mexico along the Texas border. (C)
Philadelphia Bible Riots
In the spring and summer of 1844, there were weeks of tension as the Philadelphia school board excused Catholic students from reading the Protestant Bible, but would not let them read the Catholic edition. There was a rampage of house, church, and seminary burnings and a Protestant boy was killed.
British support for the Texas Republic
Increased American determination to annex Texas. (D)
Texas
Independent nation that was the object of British, Mexican, and French scheming in the early 1840s. (J)
Henry Clay
Leader of Senate Whigs and unsuccessful presidential candidate against Polk in 1844. (C)
Daniel Webster
Leader of the Whig Party, negotiated an end to Maine boundary dispute in 1842. (E)
John Tyler
Leader who was elected on the Whig ticket but spent most of his presidency in bitter feuds with his fellow Whigs. (O)
Nicholas Trist
Long-winded American diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. (D)
Tariff of 1846
Lowered Tariff to 25%, produced boom times and heavy imports
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876)
Santa Anna
Mexican military leader who failed to stop humiliating American invasion of his country. (I)
The immediate cause of the Mexican War was
Mexican refusal to sell California and a dispute over the Texas boundary.
Britain
Nation that strongly backed independence for Texas, hoping to turn it into an economic asset and antislavery bastion.
54*40'
Northern boundary of Oregon territory jointly occupied with Britain, advocated by Democratic party and others as the desired line of American expansion.
Oregon
Northwestern territory in dispute between Britain and the United States, subject of "Manifest Destiny" rhetoric in 1844. (N)
Texas was finally admitted to the Union in 1844 as a result of
President Tyler's interpretation of the election of 1844 as a "mandate" to acquire Texas.
Spot Resolution
Resolution offered by Congressman Abraham Lincoln demanding to know the precise location where Mexicans had allegedly shed American blood on the "America" soil.
California
Rich Mexican province that Polk tried to buy and Mexico refused to sell.
Nunces River
River that Mexico claimed as the Texas-Mexico boundary, crossed by Taylor's troops in 1846.
The Alamo
Santa Anna's army succeeded in late 1836. His force of 4000 men laid siege to San Antonio, whose 200 Texan defenders retreated into an abandoned mission, the Alamo. After repeated attacks, the remaining 187 Texans including Davy Crockett were wiped out and a few weeks later Mexican troops massacred some 350 Teas prisoners.
Liberty Party
Small anti-slavery party that took enough votes from Henry Clay to cost him the election of 1844.
Strong American hostility to Britain
Sparked bitter feuds over Canadian rebels, the boundaries of Maine and Oregon, and other issues. (G)
Tyler's refusal to carry out his own Whig party's policies
Split the Whigs and caused the entire cabinet except Webster to resign. (E)
Rapidly growing American settlement in Oregon
Strengthened American claims to the Columbia River country and made Britain more willing to compromise. (J)
Manifest Destiny
The belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
Seneca Falls
The site of the women's rights convention that met in July in 1848. They met in the Wesleyan Chapel, and 300 men and women attended. At the convention, they vote in the Seneca Falls Declaration, which was signed by 32 men.
Colonel Stephen Kearny
This American Army general was a main force in the conquest of California; he later succeeded John C. Fremont as California's Military Governor.
Goliad Massacre
This is when 400 Texan volunteers were massacred after surrendering
Slidell mission
This was a last ditch attempt to gain California for America. Polk sent Slidell to offer a maximum of $25 million for it, but it was rejected by the Mexicans. This prompted Polk to provoke war with the Mexicans.
The rapid Senate ratification of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Thwarted a growing movement calling for the United States to annex all of Mexico. (A)
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million
Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Treaty which ended the Mexican War in 1848; Mexico gave up claims to Texas and accepted the Rio Grande River as the boundary between Mexico and U.S.; for $15 million Mexico ceded (handed over) CA and NM
A primary motive driving Americans to annex Texas was fear that the Lone Star Republic would become an ally or protectorate of Britain.
True
Because the two-thirds vote necessary for a treaty of annexation could not be obtained in the Senate, Texas was annexed by a simple majority resolution of both houses of Congress.
True
In the dispute with Britain over Oregon, the United States repeatedly demanded control of the whole territory as far north as "fifty-four forty."
True
In the election of 1844, Clay lost to Polk partly because he tried to straddle the Texas annexation issue and thus lost antislavery support.
True
Polk's victory in 1844 was interpreted as a mandate for Manifest Destiny and led directly to the annexation of Texas and a favorable settlement of the Oregon dispute.
True
The "Aroostook War" over the Maine boundary was settled by a territorial compromise in the Webster-Ashburton Treaty.
True
The outcome of the Mexican War became a source of continuing bad feeling between the United States and much of Latin America.
True
The overwhelming American military victory over Mexico led some Americans to call for the United States to take over all of Mexico.
True
Clay's unsuccessful attempts to straddle the Texas issue
Turned antislavery voters to the Liberty party and helped elect the expansionist Polk. (H)
Winfield Scott
United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866)
Texas Revolution
War between Texas settlers and Mexico from 1835-1836 resulting in the formation of the Republic of Texas
Mexican War
War declared in 1846 after Mexican troops crossed the Rio Grande into Texas. Was ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which gave the U.S. Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million to Mexico
Battle of Buena Vista
Zachery Taylor defeated the Mexicans when fighting for the Rio Grande River
56. In the 1857 case of Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Supreme Court ruled that A) Congress had no authority to exclude slavery from the federal territories B) former slaves could gain freedom if their owners voluntarily took them into free states or territories C) Dred Scott was entitled to freedom on a technicality, but his case was unique D) escaped slaves could apply for freedom as free persons if they evaded capture for ten years or more E) proslavery forces in Kansas had acted unconstitutionally
a
The "Aroostook War" involved
a battle between British and American sailors over impressment.
The final result of the British-American conflict over the Oregon country in 1844-1846 was
a compromise agreement on a border at the forty-ninth parallel.
The major domestic consequence of the Mexican War was
a sharp revival of the issue of slavery.
Bear Flag Republic
aka the California republic; the result of a revolt by Americans on June 14, 1846, in the town of Sonoma against the authorities of the Mexican province of California; the Republic lasted less than a month. The republic eventually became the present-day state of California.
John C. Fremont
an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery.
47. The turmoil over the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the creation of the A) Free Soil party B) Republican party C) Democratic party D) Whig party E) Know-Nothing party
b
The conflict between President Tyler and Whig leaders like Henry Clay took place over issues of
banking and tariff policy.
27. During the late 1840s and early 1850s, the addition of new territory into the United States affected the sectional disagreements over slavery by A) changing them very little B) calming them considerably C) making them much worse D) settling them once and for all E) establishing an atmosphere of consensus
c
9. The first permanent American settlers in Oregon were mainly A) missionaries B) gold prospectors C) fur traders D) cattle ranchers E) members of the army
c. fur traders
11. Most migrants traveled to the West Coast by A) clipper ship B) stage coach C) rail line D) covered wagon E) horseback
d. covered wagon