1848- "The Hungry 40s"
What occured in France in 1848?
People declare a *republic* -Second republic of France -France abolishes slavery -Declared universal manhood suffrage -All citizens have right to: Work, be represented, and vote -French colonies: People in colonies could vote (there weren't too many colonies in 1848) First elections under universal manhood suffrage -Elected Louis Napoleon Bonaparte *made conservative forces to control what the new republic was doing* (*right*ward turn of politics)
What were people fighting for in 1848 across Europe?
*Nationalism*- New idea that people have the right not to be ruled by formers (Increasing discontent to being a colony) -*Nationality* gives people collective rights -*Democracy* increasingly synonymous with universal male suffrage - States militarizing to protect against threat of revolution -*Socialism*: working people demanding more rights as workers
Why were the 1840s called "The Hungry 40s"
-Cost of food higher -Famine across the continent -Irish potato famine slashed population in half - Mass deaths, people fleeing Ireland
How did the Second Republic change once Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was elected?
First elections under universal manhood suffrage -Elected Louis Napoleon Bonaparte - ppl thought he'd fight against poverty and promote people's interest -He actually *made conservative forces to control what the new republic was doing* (rightward turn of politics) - New republic had national workshops to give everyone jobs- he closed them -Limited by constitution to one term as president, refused to step down (1852), staged coup de ta- *Republic went down*
What occurred in Italy in 1848?
Italian Unificaiton 1848- Rome established a Republic declaring independence from Austria and claimed *sovereign republic* (toppled the Pope)
How did the Rome republic (1848) change Italy? Did it last long?
Led in part by Mezzine -seize church land -people don't just have political, but *social* rights ( -to housing (public), and work) -Republic only lasted 5 months (impressive amount of time considering the forces opposing them)