2.1 Compare and contrast TCP and UDP ports, protocols, and their purposes
TCP & UDP Ports
-can be any number between 0-65,535 -most servers use non-ephemeral port numbers (isn't always the case) -port numbers are for communication, not security -service port numbers need to be well known
Telnet
A network protocol used to virtually access a computer and to provide a two-way, collaborative and text-based communication channel between two machines
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
A protocol that has a formal process when you start the communication and a formal process when you end the communication. Guaranteed delivery of each packet
SLP (Service Location Protocol)
A protocol used by Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) to view the list of available devices.
Ethernet Frame
A term referring to an Ethernet data link header and trailer, plus the data encapsulated between the header and trailer.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
An encrypted version of HTTP.
FTPS (File Transfer Protocol Secure)
An extension of FTP that uses SSL or TLS encrypt FTP traffic.
AFP (Apple Filing Protocol)
Apple's version of Window's SMB.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
Automated configuration of IP Address, subnet mask, and other options.
SMB Also Known As
CIFS (Common Internet File System)
DNS (Domain Name System)
Convert name in browsers into something for the network such as an IP address.
SSH (Secure Shell)
Cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network.
DHCP process (DORA)
Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Gathers statistics from network devices. - v1 uses structured tables in non-encrypted form. - v2 allowed for bulk transfer of data and also in clear text. - v3 provides message authentication, integrity and encryption
NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System)
Older version of windows that use this inside of a UDP or TCP packet to transfer files or share printers between windows
Non-ephemeral ports
Permanent ports / well known. Usually on a server or service. 0 - 1023
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Protocol for how computers and servers communicate; Used to display webpages
SMB (Server Message Block)
Protocol used by Microsoft windows. Used to transfer files or share printers between windows systems.Allows for direct SMB communication over IP protocol
TCP Flow Control
Receiver controls sender, so sender won't overflow receiver's buffer by transmitting too much, too fast
TCP Handshakes
SYN, SYN/ACK, ACK
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)
Share a desktop screen from a remote location. On many Windows versions. Can connect to an entire desktop or just an application.
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
Store and retrieve info in a network directory.
SLP (Service Location Protocol) Port
TCP & UDP 427 (list of available devices)
FTP Port Number
TCP 20, 21
SSH Port Number
TCP 22
Telnet port
TCP 23
RDP port number
TCP 3389
LDAP Port Number
TCP 389
HTTPS port number
TCP 443
SMB Port Number
TCP 445
AFP Port Number
TCP 548 (used for file services)
HTTP Port Number
TCP 80
FTPS Ports
TCP 989 & 990
Ephemeral ports
Temporary ports used in real time by clients. 1024-65,535.
OSI Layer 4
The Transport layer breaks data down into manageable chunks. TCP & UDP operate at the Transport layer.
True or False: Telnet is not encrypted.
True
NetBIOS Port Number
UDP 137, 138 TCP 139
SNMP Port Number
UDP 161, 162
DHCP Port Number
UDP 67, 68
DNS port number
UDP/TCP 53
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Used instead of TCP when guaranteed delivery of each packet is not necessary. UDP uses a best-effort delivery mechanism.
DHCP Also Known As
bootp, or Bootstrap Protocol
