21.1-21.9

structure of respiratory epithelium

1. A respiratory mucosa, with mucous cells, lines the nasal cavity and the superior portion of the pharynx 2. A stratified squamous epithelium lines the inferior portions of the pharynx, protecting the epithelium from abrasion and chemical attack 3. A typical respiratory mucosa lines the superior portion of the lower respiratory tract 4. In the narrower bronchioles, the epithelium becomes cuboidal -No gas exchange so you can have thicker cells 5. The gas exchange surfaces consist of a delicate simple squamous epithelium. Here the distance between the air and the blood in adjacent capillaries is generally less than

internal respiration

Absorption of O2 from blood and release of CO2 from tissue cells is known as alveolar ventilation. external respiration. pulmonary ventilation. internal respiration. gas diffusion.

upper respiratory tract.

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the lungs. lower respiratory tract. upper respiratory tract. alveoli. bronchioles.

external nares

Air normally enters through the paired ________ ____ or nostrils, which open into the nasal cavity

terminal bronchioles

Air traveling from the tertiary bronchi must pass through the ________ to reach the pulmonary lobule. trachea terminal bronchioles alveoli primary bronchi secondary bronchi

All

Damage to the type II pneumocytes of the lungs would result in a loss of surfactant. a decreased rate of gas exchange. increased tendency to alveolar collapse. increased surface tension in the alveoli. All of the answers are correct.

Right primary

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle. right primary right secondary left secondary left primary None of the answers are more likely.

All

During swallowing, the epiglottis folds back over the glottis. solids and liquids are prevented from entering the respiratory tract. the larynx is elevated. All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct.

a single pulmonary lobule.

Each terminal bronchiole supplies air directly to about 6500 bronchioles. over 150 million alveoli. a single pulmonary lobule. several alveolar sacs. a single alveolar duct.

atelectasis.

If the fluid bond between the parietal and visceral pleura is broken and the lung collapses, the resulting condition is termed anaplasia. metaplasia. atelectasis. emphysema. apnea.

secondary bronchi.

In the lower respiratory tract, cartilage plates first appear at the tertiary bronchi. secondary bronchi. bronchioles. primary bronchi. terminal bronchioles.

oropharynx

Starting at the ________, the epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium. larynx trachea nasopharynx nasal cavity oropharynx

movement of the arytenoid cartilages and contraction of voluntary muscles.

Tension on the vocal cords is regulated by the contraction of laryngeal muscles. extrinsic ligaments. movement of the arytenoid cartilages. movement of the arytenoid cartilages and contraction of voluntary muscles. None of the answers is correct.

upper respiratory

The _____ ________ tract filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air-- protecting the more delicate surfaces of the lower respiratory system-- and reabsorbs heat and water from outgoing air -Nose -Nasal cavity -Paranasal sinuses -Pharynx

lower respiratory

The ______ __________ tract conducts air to and from the gas exchange surfaces -Larynx -Trachea -Bronchus -Bronchioles -Smallest bronchioles

pharynx

The ________ is a chamber shared by the digestive and respiratory systems

respiratory mucosa

The _________ _______ lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract

nasopharynx

The __________ is the superior portion of the pharynx located between the soft palate and the internal nares

respiratory portion

The ___________ _______ includes the smallest, most delicate bronchioles and the air-filled sacs called alveoli

conducting portion

The ____________ _______ begins at the nasal cavity and extends through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles

nasopharyngeal meatus

The _______________ ______ is the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube that leads to the middle ear

nasopharynx.

The auditory tubes open into the larynx. nasal cavity. oropharynx. nasopharynx. laryngopharynx.

mucus escalator.

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the lamina propria. mucus escalator. respiratory mucosa. conducting portion of the respiratory tract. respiratory defense system.

pharynx.

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the larynx. vestibule. glottis. trachea. pharynx.

create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.

The conchae

the opening to the larynx.

The glottis is the opening to the pharynx. part of the hard palate. the soft tissue that hangs off the end of the soft palate. a flap of elastic cartilage. the opening to the larynx.

epiglottis.

The laryngeal cartilage composed of elastic cartilage that prevents entry of solids or liquids into the larynx when swallowing is the corniculate cartilage. thyroid cartilage. epiglottis. cricoid cartilage. arytenoid cartilage.

paranasal sinuses

The muscus produced in the _________ ______ aided by tears draining through the nasolacrimal ducts, keep the surfaces of the nasal cavity moist and clean -Frontal sinus -Ethmoid air cells -Maxillary sinus

All

The respiratory defense system is important because it keeps out debris. helps warm the air. helps filter the air. keeps out pathogens. All of the answers are correct.

lower respiratory tract.

The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli all make up the alveoli of the respiratory tract. respiratory mucosa. lower respiratory tract. upper respiratory tract. internal respiratory tract.

alveoli

Where does gas exchange between air and blood occur?

pulmonary artery

Which structure is located most superior at the hilum of the left lung? pulmonary artery pulmonary veins primary bronchus oblique fissure

pulmonary ventilation

________ _______ is the airflow to and from the lungs

sputum

________ is the combination of mucus and pus. It contains dead leukocytes (neutrophils)