300 Relevant Practice Questions

Unlike solids, which exert a restoring force in response to shear stresses and normal stresses, ideal fluids only exert one in response to the latter, which are also known as this quantity

pressure

According to legend, Luther started the Reformation by nailing this document to doors of churches in Wittenberg. It accused the clergy of corruption and distracting Christians from repentance.

95 theses

One character in this play thanks his friend for sending a custard to his sick mother. The "Varsouviana" is a recurring song in this play, because one woman once heard it at the Moon Lake Casino with Allan Grey. The costume jewelry of one character in this play causes her brother-in-law to cite the Napoleonic code. That brother-in-law later throws a (*) radio out a window in this play featuring a "Blue Piano." A character in this play who loses Belle Reve later says she has "always depended on the kindness of strangers" before being institutionalized. For 10 points, name this play set in New Orleans about Stanley and Stella Kowalski and Blanche DuBois, a work of Tennessee Williams.

A Streetcar Named Desire

In Hamilton, this character's name is frequently followed by the word "sir." Played by Leslie Odom Jr., he sings "love doesn't discriminate between the sinners and the saints" in "Wait For It" and addresses "Dear Theodosia" to his daughter.

Aaron Burr

Things Fall Apart is by this Nigerian author of Civil Peace and No Longer At Ease. He criticizes Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness in An Image of Africa

Achebe

In this state, fumaroles produced "ten thousand smokes" in a national park south of the Cook Inlet. Another national park in this state lies in its Brooks Range.

Alaska

However, after the Yalta Conference, Roosevelt invited de Gaulle to meet him in this city, though de Gaulle dramatically declined. In 1943, de Gaulle met General and future President Eisenhower in this non-European city.

Algiers

These figures wished to take kidnap Artemis and Hera and take them as their wives. However, Artemis transformed into a deer, and jumped between them, causing them to throw their spears and kill each other.

Aloadae

This daughter of Ursula Iguarán and member of the second generation of the Buendía family wears a black bandage that represents virginity in the novel. She feuds with her adoptive sister Rebeca over Pietro Crespi.

Amaranta

Name this battle won by the Union, the bloodiest single-day battle in the Civil War, which occurred at a namesake town in Maryland following George McClellan's discovery of Robert E. Lee's battle plans.

Antietam

In Greek myth, this goddess and her child escaped the threat of Typhon by changing into fish that later became represented by the astrological sign Pisces

Aphrodite

] Identify this ancient scientist whose namesake principle states that the buoyant force exerted upwards on an object under a certain condition is equal to the weight of the displaced matter. He also provided the formula for the area under a parabola

Archimedes

One of the Olympians Diomedes wounded was this Greek god of war, who came onto the battlefield after Diomedes injured his lover, Aphrodite.

Ares

In one scandal, this person framed James Saville for planning to assassinate him. Manuel Melendres filed suit against this elected official in 2007. Donald Trump claimed the timing of one event surrounding this person was intended to provide "far higher" television ratings. This man is primarily known for his work in​ (*) Maricopa County, where shoes were reported to be melting in a "Tent City." This contender for Jeff Flake's Senate seat is perhaps best known for his controversial self-described concentration camps, and in 2017, President Trump pardoned him. For 10 points, name this law enforcement officer and political candidate from Arizona, sometimes called "Sheriff Joe."

Arpaio

It's not Apollo, but the Marathonian Bull was sacrificed by Theseus to this deity after it was released by Heracles following his seventh labor. During the Gigantomachy, this deity crushed a giant with the island Sicily and flayed another, taking his name afterward. This deity inspired Iolaus to (*) ​burn the stumps of the Hydra's heads, and after a woman was raped in this deity's temple, the woman's beautiful hair was turned into snakes. This goddess gave Perseus a cap of invisibility and a mirrored shield to help him slay Medusa, and her olive tree beat Poseidon's salt spring in a patronage contest for a Greek city-state. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of wisdom.

Athena

In this city, a certain object created by Mary Pickersgill was interpreted as an insult to British forces. It's not Charleston, but what are often considered the first deaths of the Civil War occurred in this city during the Pratt Street Riots. Robert Ross died at one battle in this city which featured conflict at Hampstead Hill and North Point. In response to one​ (*) imprisonment in this city, Chief Justice Taney ruled that only Congress may suspend habeas corpus in Ex parte Merryman. Part of a War of 1812 battle in this city at Fort McHenry inspired Francis Scott Key to write the lyrics for "The Star-Spangled Banner." For 10 points, name this largest city in Maryland.

Baltimore

This writer reputedly said, "Let's squeeze the juice from our bones," while directing the compilation of an anthology titled Monkey's Raincoat. This author was inspired by Selection of Tales to include a story about stopping at an inn full of prostitutes in a travelogue. One collection compiled by this writer is titled for a children's game of comparison, The (*) Seashell Game. One of this writer's poems describes "the splash of water" after "an ancient pond" is disturbed by a frog. This author wrote about traveling with his friend Sora in Narrow Road to the Deep North. For 10 points, name this Japanese poet, sometimes called the "master of the haiku.

Basho

The study of Redology is dedicated to a work set primarily in this city. The aftermath of the Northern Expedition saw this city lose its status as capital. The Macartney expedition unsuccessfully sought to create a British embassy in this city, and the Eight-Nation Alliance occupied it in 1900. In 1937, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident south of this city caused the start of the second Sino-Japanese War. In 1860, British and French soldiers burned the Summer Palace in this capital of the Qing Dynasty. For 10 points, name this home of Tiananmen Square, the current Chinese capital.

Beijing

Heorot is a locale in this epic poem featuring Grendel, Grendel's mother, Hrothgar, and the title hero who fights a dragon in this work's climax.

Beowulf

This author who proclaims, "I was angry with my friend," at the beginning of one poem wrote ​Vala​ about characters like Luvah, Tharmas, and Urizen created by the fall of Albion, three of the title ​Four Zoas​. This author of "A Poison Tree" and "The Sick Rose" created a character who can "scarcely cry 'weep!'" in a poem which shares its title with one about a "little​ (*) black thing among the snow," "The Chimney Sweeper." In one poem, this writer asks, "What immortal hand or eye, / Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?" and describes the title animal as "burning bright." For 10 points, name this Romantic poet of "The Tyger," included in his collection Songs of Experience.

Blake

This twentieth century Danish physicist worked with Ernest Rutherford to develop an atomic model featuring electron shell orbitals based on the hydrogen atom

Bohr

Pedro II was a member of this last ruling house of Portugal and Brazil. Other members of this house include Manuel II, who was overthrown from the Portuguese throne in 1910.

Braganza

The Botocudo people, or Aimoré, lived in this country before being nearly eliminated by its colonizers. The earliest known paintings in the Americas are at Painted Rock Cave in this country, where terra preta was used by the Marajoara culture. Swidden agriculture was introduced to this country's​ (*) Yanomami tribe as a result of European contact, which began with Pedro Cabral. This country's cities of Belém and Manaus profited from a rubber boom that dispossessed land held by several forest-dwelling tribes. For 10 points, name this country in which the Portuguese Empire displaced indigenous peoples living in the Amazon rainforest.

Brazil

In this region, Cadman Plaza sits near one end of a long avenue called Flatbush which runs to the only indoor full-size shopping mall in this region. Fifteen golden figures adorn this region's main public library, which is in Grand Army Plaza. One architectural work named for this city was completed by Emily (*) Roebling after her husband got caisson disease. This region within a larger city includes the Wonder Wheel and the Cyclone in its beachside amusement park. Home to Coney Island, for 10 points, name this most populous New York City borough which names a brick bridge, where the streets are full of hipsters.

Brooklyn

This botanist inadvertently contributed to atomic theory with his notes on the dust particles in certain pollen grains. He was also the first to note the distinction between angiosperms and gymnosperms.

Brown

During the PETM, levels of this isotope of carbon in seafloor bacteria dropped dramatically. This isotope has seven neutrons

C13

The 5000-man IX ("Ninth") Army Corps tried to cross Antietam Creek at this location but were repulsed by only 450 Georgian soldiers for several hours, only crossing following significant reinforcements.

Burnside Bridge

Artemis sent this beast to the realm of King Oeneus ("EE-nee-us") when she was forgotten at a harvest sacrifice. It was hunted and killed by Meleager and Atalanta.

Calydonian boar

Glenn Gould was from this country, where his influential piano teacher Alberto Guerrero taught at the Toronto Conservatory of Music.

Canada

In addition to a famous statue of George Washington, this Neoclassical sculptor created two versions of The Three Graces. This man was heavily inspired by Greek mythology for his works, which include one sculpture of a woman being awakened by her immortal lover

Canova

Holders of this position, like Richelieu ("ree-SHELL-you") and Mazarin, sought to protect the French nobility and the Church from taxes, and ended up taxing the poor.

Cardinal

In one work by this author, Magdalena saves two houseguests from her husband, Buck Scales. A protagonist created by this author asks for money to fund her study in Germany from Doctor Archie. This author who described Godfrey St. Peter and the late Tom Outland in ​The Professor's House​ wrote about​ (*) Thea Kronborg in another work. A cat climbs a telegraph pole at the beginning of this author's novel about Alexandra, which forms a cycle with one about Jim Burden and the title Bohemian woman and The Song of the Lark. For 10 points, name this American author who set many works in Nebraska and included My Ántonia and O Pioneers! in her Prairie Trilogy.

Cather

The Holidays with Pay Act was passed under this man. As Chancellor, this man advocated for the "Imperial Preference" policy of his father, Joseph. This man used Walter Runciman and the Earl of Halifax to negotiate with men such as Konstantin von Neurath, and he signed one agreement on September 30, which (*) Slovaks refer to as a diktat. This man resigned after a disastrous invasion of Norway and was attacked in the book The Gathering Storm for his policy of appeasement. For 10 points, name this British prime minister who infamously declared "peace in our time" after surrendering Czechoslovakian territory to Hitler, the predecessor to Winston Churchill

Chamberlain

This document outlined a plan for the modernization of Japan during Meiji's reign, and included the declaration that "[e]vil customs of the past shall be discontinued, and new customs shall be based on the just laws of nature.

Charter Oath

`This man described Skaya in his book My Trip Abroad, and later featured her in A Countess from Hong Kong. One work by this man, in which the main character learns of a Viennese man's blindness cure, repeatedly uses the song "La Violetera," which is about a flower girl. Larsen wreaks havoc for two of this man's characters, Jim and the Lone Prospector, in The (*) Gold Rush. In one work, this man played an assembly line worker in his "Tramp" persona, while in another, he used the fictional country of Tomania to satirize Adolf Hitler. Often wearing a bowler hat with a cane, for 10 points, name this filmmaker behind City Lights, Modern Times, and The Great Dictator, a star of silent film

Chaplin

In one poem by this writer, a golden eagle lifts the speaker away from a glass temple to Venus, and a short work by him features Anelida. This author of The House of Fame also wrote an instruction manual on the use of the astrolabe and helped establish St. Valentine's Day as a romantic holiday in The Parlement of (*) Foules. Nicholas and Alisoun trick John into sleeping in a tub in a section of a work by this author which also features a story in which a knight is tasked with learning what women want. A group of travelers stop at the Tabard Inn in this author's most famous work's General Prologue. For 10 points, name this Medieval English author of The Canterbury Tales

Chaucer

This author wrote a story in which a vision of running deer is seen by Ragin from an asylum. Another story by this author, who wrote a work which includes the death of Tuzenbach, features a performance of ​The Geisha​ and an affair with Anna, a Pomeranian owner, in​ (*) Yalta. One work by this author opens on Irina's name-day, and he also wrote "Ward No. 6" and "The Lady with the Dog." In one of this author's works, Lopakhin buys Madame Ranevskaya's estate and plans to cut down the title grove. For 10 points, name this Russian playwright behind Three Sisters, The Seagull, and The Cherry Orchard.

Chekhov

Sequoyah invented a syllabary for this tribe's Iroquoian language, and Elias Boudinot published his Phoenix in it. Speakers of this tribe's language left Georgia and North Carolina during the Trail of Tears

Cherokee

This actor played the lead role in 2009's Mystery Team, about a group of child detectives, as well as playing street criminal Aaron Davis in Spider-Man: Homecoming. This actor also portrayed astrophysicist Rich Purnell in The Martian, and in an upcoming role, this man will play (*) Lando Calrissian in Solo: A Star Wars Story. This man is slated to play Simba in 2019's live-action remake of The Lion King. This musician writes and directs for a show in which he plays the lead role of rap manager Earn Marks; that show is FX's Atlanta. For 10 points, name this rapper of I Am Just a Rapper, Camp, and "Awaken, My Love!" whose real name is Donald Glover

Childish Gambino

Legalism was a philosophical movement in this country. This country's Warring States period included the Hundred Schools of Thought.

China

Rodin had a tumultuous relationship with this woman and model, a sculptor in her own right. She vividly depicted their split in The Mature Age and also sculpted a notable waltzing couple.

Claudel

This president was elected to the second of his non-consecutive terms in 1892 and was the only Democratic president from the end of the Civil War until Woodrow Wilson. The Pullman Strike occurred during his presidency.

Cleveland

This man was the commander-in-chief of the pro-treaty forces in the Irish Civil War and was killed in an ambush in 1922. Bloody Sunday was a retaliation against actions taken by this leader.

Collins

In two transition metals, an electron from the 4s orbital will move to the 3d orbital in order to fill that orbital halfway, stabilizing the atom but violating the Aufbau principle. Name either of those two elements.

Copper

It's not about affirmative action, but Judge William Alsup made a ruling regarding this policy in a case for which the plaintiffs included the Regents of the University of California. An expansion of this policy was halted in ​Texas v. United States​ with a tie vote from the Supreme Court. This policy was inspired by a failed bill introduced in 2001 by​ (*) Dick Durbin and Orrin Hatch. Under this policy, people may pay $495 every two years to apply for protections, and in 2017, Donald Trump announced that this policy would end in March 2018, placing about 800,000 people at risk of deportation. For 10 points, identify this policy affecting immigrants who came to the U.S. illegally as minors.

DACA

The Persistence of Memory is a painting by this Spanish surrealist artist. He fixed a lobster sculpture atop a telephone in his aptly named Lobster Telephone.

Dali

] Name this Broadway musical which opened in 2016 and focuses on a teenager originally played by Ben Platt who pretends he was friends with a suicide victim. Songs from this musical include "Waving Through a Window."

Dear Evan Hansen

One of this man's paintings features a lightning bolt in the upper left corner, causing the titular horse to twist its neck backwards. Another of his paintings includes an Assyrian fortress in the background, as well as a bed with elephant heads on its corners. A hand protrudes through rubble beneath a kneeling woman in his Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi. This artist of The Death of Sardanapalus used hats to denote social classes in a work which features a Phrygian cap-clad Marianne. That painting centers on a bare-chested woman waving a French flag amidst the July Revolution. For 10 points, name this artist of Liberty Leading the People.

Delacroix

This Ancient Greek philosopher, along with Leucippus, helped develop the term "atom" and theorized that matter was composed of indivisible, indestructible, and constantly moving particles.

Democritus

To analyze the limits of human perception, this thinker used the examples of a partially submerged stick and an amputee who feels pain in his non-existent fingers. According to this thinker, ideas may be either factitious, innate, or adventitious. This thinker described animal spirits, now known as emotions, in ​The Passions of the Soul​, and described how reason is necessary to identify a​ (*) melting ball of wax. In addition to naming the pineal gland the "seat of the soul," this thinker helped develop the idea of mind-body dualism. For 10 points, identify this author of Meditations on First Philosophy who wrote in Discourse on the Method, "I think, therefore I am."

Descartes

This figure became the first human to wound two Olympians in a single day, when he was aided by the goddess Athena. Name this hero of the Trojan War.

Diomedes

Sancho Panza is the sidekick of the title character of this novel by the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes, which is sometimes incorrectly cited as the earliest canonical novel ever written.

Don Quixote

This man's attempt to stop a wind farm from being built near a piece of his property was dismissed by five British Supreme Court justices. Scottish Prime Minister Alex Salmond referred to this man as "three times a loser." He announced his bid for the presidency in 2000 on Larry King Live, and in 1988, he made a deal to acquire the Taj Mahal Casino, which generated large debt and filed for bankruptcy. This man infamously called himself "a nice person," and after the San Bernardino shootings, proposed a ban on Muslims entering the U.S.. For 10 points, name this former host of Celebrity Apprentice, the current Republican frontrunner in the 2016 Presidential race.

Donald Trump

This writer's first novel consists of the correspondences of two second cousins, twice removed. That novel is Poor Folk. A work by this man includes the section "Apropos of the Wet Snow" and is often considered to be the first existential novel. This man was inspired by his imprisonment to write The House of the Dead. He tried to create "the positively good and beautiful man" in Prince Myshkin and also created a character who compares himself to Napoleon Bonaparte and murders Alyona [al-YO-na] Ivanovna. That character is Raskolnikov. For 10 points, name this Russian author of The Idiot and Crime and Punishment

Dostoyevsky

This author of The Three Musketeers also wrote The Vicomte of Bragelonne: 10 Years Later and a novel about the revengeseeking Edmond Dantes, The Count of Monte Cristo. He had a son with the same name.

Dumas

Name this 1916 anti-British rebellion organized by the IRB which began on a namesake holiday and was centered at the General Post Office. It was defeated by 16,000 British soldiers after a week.

Easter Rebellion

One revolution erupted in this country after the exile of Saad Zaghlul. The sister of one ruler in this country was married to a Shah of Iran in 1939. A leader of this country was assassinated during a victory parade celebrating Operation Badr. This country's last monarch succeeded his father Fuad I and was overthrown by the (*) Free Officers Movement. The closing of the Straits of Tiran by this nation sparked the Six Days War. In 2011, an estimated one million people in this country protested in Tahrir Square, leading to the downfall of Hosni Mubarak. For 10 points, name this nation home to Gamal Abdel Nasser

Egypt

This man once stated he did not aspire to any political position "from dogcatcher to Grand High Supreme King of the Universe." One group led by this man was once described as "eight millionaires and a plumber," and his national security policy was called the New Look. In one speech, this man described "the total influence — economic, political, even spiritual" of a certain institution, and he also approved of the creation of (*) ​NASA. This two-time opponent of Adlai Stevenson used his farewell address to warn of the military industrial complex. For 10 points, name this U.S. President and Supreme Commander of Allied Forces during World War II, elected in 1952.

Eisenhower

Name this character, whose act includes a pet using wooden tiles to spell the name Phoebus, the Captain of the King's Archers who this character becomes obsessed with.

Esmerelda

Name this new wave of Protestantism in Europe and the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s

First Great Awakening

The Ten Thousand Islands, not to be confused with the Thousand Islands, are located in this state, split between their namesake Wildlife Refuge and a neighboring National Park.

Florida

This work calls one figure a "familiar healer of human sufferings" who "[t]aught us to mix sulfur and saltpeter." Oboes and perfumes are compared in a section of this work which declares, "Nature is a temple," and is called "Correspondences." This work describes a "prince of cloud and sky" and asks one figure to "take (*) pity on my long misery!" One section of this work features a "weak and gauche" bird with "great white wings." This collection which includes "The Albatross" addresses a "hypocrite lecteur" in the poem "To the Reader." For 10 points, name this poetry collection by Charles Baudelaire.

Fluers de Mal

Napoleon's first abdication took place in this French town, the namesake of an earlier edict which revoked the Edict of Nantes. A treaty named after this town signed by Napoleon in 1814 would have divided Portugal in three.

Fontainebleau

Identify this place which a legendary hero defends from Grendel in an epic poem. Hrothgar built this place for him and his armies, and the aforementioned hero returns to this place to give him the hilt of a sword.

Heorot

In one story by this author, Filberto drowns while trying to escape the influence of a stone sculpture. In one of his novels, the title woman with bright green eyes turns into an old woman after Montero takes a job organizing a dead general's journals. In addition to "Chac Mool" and ​Aura​, this author wrote about a man who goes on a journey with his copy of​ (*) Don Quixote and meets Harriet Winslow. That man described by this author is Ambrose Bierce, and this author also wrote about an old man describing the history of the PRI. For 10 points, name this Mexican writer of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.

Fuentes

The intensity of a tornado is typically determined by a measurement of this older scale signified by an "F"

Fujita

Name this friend of Enkidu and king who was taught by his immortal ancestor Utnapishtim. His namesake epic is a classic of Sumerian literature.

Gilgamesh

Diomedes managed to trade his bronze armor for the more valuable gold armor of this grandson of Bellerophon. After Diomedes revealed that his own grandfather had hosted Bellerophon, this man had his wits stolen by Zeus.

Glaucus

In Helsinki, a member of this politician's administration described one policy as "every country decides on its own which road to take." This politician ran for one office as an independent in 1996 and also met with one world leader at the ​Höfði​ ("HOV-thee")House in Reykjavik, though the successes of that summit were limited by the Strategic​ (*) Defense Initiative. According to this politician, "what we need is Star Peace and not Star Wars," and his tenure saw the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan. This politician's policies of governmental transparency and political reform were known as glasnost and perestroika. For 10 points, name this last leader of the Soviet Union.

Gorbuchev

This elusive shark species is thought to have the longest lifespan of any vertebrate and lives in deep waters. The Icelandic culinary dish kaestur hakarl is usually made using members of this species.

Greenland shark

Name this religious figure who is believed to be the reincarnation of Jah. This religious figure was also a twentieth century political leader, but he lost power after a famine in 1973.

Haile Selassie

Don't throw away your shot to answer these questions about a musical centering on a "ten dollar founding father without a father." Name this 2015 Broadway hit revolving around the first treasurer.

Hamilton

One of the most important Legalists after Shen Buhai was this philosopher and namesake of a work describing the ideas of previous Legalist thinkers. This man's work influenced the governing philosophy of Qin Shi Huangdi.

Han Fei

This German composer was patronized by multiple kings of Britain, writing Zadok the Priest for George II's coronation and Water Music for George I's relaxation. He also wrote Music for the Royal Fireworks.

Handel

This deity fell in love with the Athenian princess Herse, and was tricked into paying money to give her a message. This deity had a child with the nymph Dryope, who ran away screaming after first seeing the ugly baby. Battos was turned into a rock by this god, and in order to protect him from Circe's sorcery, this father of (*) ​Pan gave the herb moly to Odysseus. This son of Zeus and Maia, who carried a snake-entwined caduceus, was given a spot on Mount Olympus after he captured Apollo's cattle and used a tortoise's shell to fashion the first lyre. One of this deity's symbols is a pair of winged sandals. For 10 points, name this Greek messenger god.

Hermes

In one work by this author, the protagonist dreams he is grabbing a certain famous composer's ponytail. A sculpture of the Virgin Mary leads a character created by this author to briefly pursue an artistic career after leaving the monastery home to his friend Narcissus. After joining the Waldzell in Castalia, this author's character Joseph Knecht masters the​ (*) Glass Bead Game. The ferryman Vasudeva appears in a work by this author in which the protagonist falls in love with Kamala. One of this author's characters has sex with Pablo but is then stabbed in the Magic Theater by Harry Haller. For 10 points, name this author of Siddhartha and Steppenwolf.

Hesse

This assassination plot against Meiji led to many leftists' arrests, because it was organized by socialistanarchists. It shares its name with a historical crime of disloyalty against the state contrasted with a "petty" counterpart

High Treason Incident

Name this thinker who also wrote a history of the English Civil Wars entitled Behemoth. He also wrote a work which describes life as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."

Hobbes

Name this nonfiction account of its author's experiences in the Spanish Civil War. It includes many musings about different leftist movements and became a symbol of anti-Stalinism opposed by communists for decades.

Homage to Catalonia

Name this 1959 album by Miles Davis which also features the pieces "Freddie Freeloader" and "So What." Other musicians on this album include Cannonball Adderley and Paul Chambers

Kind of Blue

The victors at the Battle of Bitonto were members of his royal house. A cadet branch of this house was founded by Philip, Duke of Parma. A disputed ruler of this house was offered a throne in 1870 but refused, saying the nation's flag should be restored to a white banner last flown in 1790. Legitimists and ​(*) Orleanists dispute which branch of this family is the legitimate pretender. The first major ruling member of this family declared, "Paris is worth a mass," and converted to Catholicism. That ruler was Henry IV. For 10 points, name this current ruling house of Spain and Luxembourg, which ruled France for over three centuries until the execution of Louis XVI.

House of Bourbon

Quasimodo is the main character in The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, which was written by this French author of Les Misérables.

Hugo

These two Iroquoian speaking confederations that name Great Lakes were destroyed by the Iroquois League in the Beaver War. Name both.

Huron and Erie

Rastas use many alternative phrases including this term for the word "we" or "you and me." It is used to indicate the oneness of all beings with each other and with God.

I and I

The Cophen ["KAH-pen"] Campaign began an invasion into this region that occurred after the siege of Sogdian Rock. A now lost description of the geography of this region was written by Megasthenes ["meh-GAS-thuh-nees"], who visited an empire in this region. An army mutinied near the Hyphasis ["hye-FAY-sis"] River in this region after being worn out by years of campaigning. (*) Porus lost the Battle of the Hydaspes ["hye-DAS-pees"] in this region despite employing war elephants. This was the easternmost region invaded by a general after winning the battles of Issus and Gaugamela against the Persian Achaemenid Empire. For 10 points, name this Asian subcontinent where Alexander the Great fought tribes along the Indus River

India

Abu Ghraib, now known as the Baghdad Central Prison, is located in this country, which was once led by Saddam Hussein and which the U.S. military invaded in 2003.

Iraq

The Easter Rising was fought in Dublin for the independence of this country

Ireland

This leader reigned shortly before the Time of Troubles and was succeeded by Feodor I

Ivan the Terrible

This Confederate general rushed to Sharpsburg the day before the battle, following his capture of Harpers Ferry. Earlier, this general had gained renown for his actions at the First Battle of Bull Run.

Jackson

A few years after Handel's death, this member of the Bach family began composing in London and was subsequently known as the "London Bach." A young Mozart stopped in London on tour and was heavily influenced by this composer's style of concerto

Johannes Christian Bach

This composer modified the trio sonata instrumentation in six works for organ. This composer emphasized terraced dynamics of an instrument in the "Echo" movement of his ​French Overture​. One collection by this composer begins with a "C D E F D E C G" theme. For the new ​(*) fortepiano, this man wrote the six-voice fugue Ricercar a 6. This man wrote the Two and Three Part Inventions for harpsichord. This composer wrote the Toccata and Fugue in D Minor for organ and invented the harpsichord concerto with his fifth Brandenburg Concerto. For 10 points, name this composer of the Well-Tempered Clavier.

Johannes Sebastian Bach

This thinker's first work in his main area of study argued against "soul sleep." Despite writing Response to Questions and Objections of a Certain Jew, this thinker said that anyone "obey[ing] the commands by faith working through love" belonged to the New Covenant. Martin Bucer invited this thinker to (*) Strasbourg, and one of his followers was Theodore Beza. This thinker largely agreed with Huldrych Zwingli about the Eucharist and wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion. Adherents of this thinker's namesake sect believe in predestination. For 10 points, name this early Protestant leader from Geneva.

John Calvin

Ulysses and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man are by this Irish author of Dubliners

Joyce

A geographic feature which shares its name with this country is also known as the Great Dala and extends eastward to the Emin Valley. The leader of this country works in the Akorda, and the capital of this country, formerly Aqmola ("AK-mola"), has been located on the Ishim River since 1997. The right side of this country's flag features an eagle soaring beneath a​ (*) sun, and this country exports very little potassium, despite the claims made in a Sacha Baron Cohen movie. This largest landlocked country in the world contains the northern coast of the rapidly sinking Aral Sea, and it also borders the Caspian Sea to its west. For 10 points, name this former Soviet republic with its capital at Astana.

Kazakhstan

One character in this play says that he is "twelve or fourteen moon-shines" behind another character and disparages the "plague of custom." A character in this play returns from exile disguised as Caius, and another is described as "The argument of your praise, balm of your age." After being framed for a murder plot, one character in this play disguises himself as Tom​ (*) O'Bedlam and encounters a man wandering around in a storm after being abandoned by all but Kent and his Fool. In this play, Edmund frames Edgar and the title monarch divides his assets among Regan and Goneril, snubbing Cordelia. For 10 points, identify this Shakespearean tragedy about the title monarch

King Lear

What is the central holy text of Islam?

Koran

The Twin Towers of Asia lie in this city. Those towers, the Petronas Towers, were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 until surpassed by Taipei 101 in 2004, and lie in this city.

Kuala Lumpur

This architect developed a plan for a house which eliminated ceiling support beams in order to facilitate mass construction, known punningly as the Dom-Ino House. With Amédée Ozenfant, this architect co-founded Purism, a movement which strove to eliminate detail and was an offshoot of Cubism. This architect used a central ramp in one of the homes he designed in Poissy ("PWA-sea"), and he built upon plans by Maciej Nowicki ("MA-chey NOVE-its-ki")and Albert Mayer to design a​ (*) planned city featuring an "open hand" motif and partially based on his "Radiant City." This designer of Chandigarh outlined five points in his Toward an Architecture. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect behind the Villa Savoye.

Le Corbusier

Thomas Hobbes is most famous for writing this book of political philosophy which argues for absolute power vested in a single sovereign, a crucial early work in the theory of social contracts.

Leviathan

This scientist developed one of his theories based on an early form of the octet rule, which he referred to as Abegg's rule. He also was the first to use the term "fugacity."

Lewis

The protagonists of this novel give up their breakfast on Christmas Day to give it to a poor family, the Hummels, and another character in this novel falls in love with Professor Baehr. One of this novel's characters struggles to control her anger when her youngest sister burns a book she had written, and nearly allows that sister to drown during an ice-skating accident. In this novel, Demi and Daisy are the twin children of John and Meg, and Jo sells her hair to help finance her mother's trip to Washington, DC to nurse her sick father. Later, Jo's little sister Beth catches scarlet fever and dies. For 10 points, name this 19th century novel about the title four March sisters by Louisa May Alcott.

Little Women

This god transformed into a salmon while trying to run away from the rest of the Aesir, but was caught in a net. He was then bound up under a venomous snake will not be freed until the onset of Ragnarok.

Loki

This author wrote about a man who boxes against Danny Ward and another character who fails to defeat the "man in the red sweater." This author of "The Mexican" described the Whitechapel District and its East End surroundings in The People of the Abyss. Sailors attempt to mutiny against Wolf Larsen in this author's The (*) Sea-Wolf, and a man freezes to death in his "To Build a Fire." One of this author's protagonists bests Spitz in a fight, forms a close bond with Thornton, and witnesses the Klondike Gold Rush. That character created by this author of White Fang is Buck, a dog. For 10 points, identify this naturalist author of White Fang and The Call of the Wild.

London

Name this poet of "Paul Revere's Ride." He also wrote about an Acadian heroine named Evangeline searching for her lover Gabriel.

Longfellow

Name this Hunter College High School alumna, the lesbian poet and activist behind The First Cities and Zami: A New Spelling of My Name. She wrote the essay "The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House."

Lorde

A public works project during the reign of this ruler connected the Étang de Thau to the Garonne and was originally named for Languedoc. A commander for this monarch worked with star-shaped fortifications, and during his rule, the import of Venetian glass was banned. Generals for this ruler included the Prince of Condé and Turenne, who won the Battle of the (*) Dunes. This ruler advocated ending the War of Devolution and his armies fought at Turin and Blenheim. This man who was served by Cardinal Mazarin built a complex including the Hall of Mirrors, which is the Palace of Versailles. For 10 points, name this absolutist "Sun King" of France.

Louis the 16th

Name this Christian thinker who kickstarted the Protestant Reformation and believed that one's fate was determined by faith alone.

Luther

One Hundred Years of Solitude takes place in this city of mirrors, which is eventually destroyed by a hurricane. José Arcadio Buendía founds this city and imagines it to be surrounded by water.

Macondo

Name this novel that ends with Hans Castorp joining the military to fight in World War I.

Magic Mountain

A woman holds a white parasol in front of a seascape in this artist's ​The Great War​. This artist replaced the central woman with a coffin in a "perspective" on a portrait by Jacques-Louis David. Blue flowers hang on a curtain overhead a rocky scene in this artist's work ​The Palace of Memories​. In one work by this artist, five men covertly watch a person who is listening to a​ (*) gramophone. This artist's Golconde depicts a rainy day scene with an unconventional substitute for raindrops: men in tuxedos. The artist of Time Transfixed, for 10 points, name this Belgian surrealist who wrote the words "This is not a pipe" in his work The Treachery of Images.

Magritte

Luther sent his Theses to Albrecht von Brandenburg, who used Tetzel's indulgence sales to repay his debt for rebuilding St. Peter's Basilica and was archbishop of this city. The B42 text was created in this city in the 1450s.

Mainz

In this man's painting The Balcony, fellow artist Antoine Guillemet ("gi-AY-may")stands behind two white-clad women who gaze over a green rail. This artist also painted Olympia and Luncheon on the Grass.

Manet

The Magic Mountain was written by this German author of Death in Venice

Mann

The Batavia Muckdogs and the New Orleans Baby Cakes are minor league affiliates of this team. It's not the Rockies, but this team has never won their division, although they have won the World Series twice as a wildcard. A former player of this team signed a 13-year, $325 million contract with them before being traded to the New York Yankees; that player, formerly known as Mike, is (*)​ Giancarlo Stanton. This team plays in a stadium with a large home run sculpture designed by Red Grooms and two large aquariums directly behind home plate. For 10 points, name this southeastern baseball team, partially owned by Derek Jeter, which plays in Miami.

Marlins

It's not George Abbot, but Edward la Zouche is best remembered for an event relating to this figure. This loser of the Battle of Langside surrendered at the Battle of Carberry Hill, and Francis Throckmorton was a supporter of this figure. The murder of this figure's secretary, David Rizzio, was in part organized by Lord (*) Darnley. The Rising of the North promoted the rule of this figure, who was targeted in the Rough Wooing. This figure's power was also supported by a plot engineered by John Ballard and its namesake, Anthony Babington. This Catholic leader was James I's mother. For 10 points, name this woman from the House of Stuart who was executed for treason by Elizabeth I.

Mary Queen of Scots

Name this Japanese emperor whose "restoration" ended the Tokugawa shogunate. His regnal name roughly translates to "Enlightened Rule."

Meiji

This man wrote a cantata about Druids practicing pagan rituals in The First Walpurgis Night, as well as the opera Camacho's Wedding. A violin solo rather than an orchestral tutti opens this composer's Violin Concerto in E minor. Another of this composer's works includes the songs "The Removal of the Spells" and "Ye spotted snakes," and in honor of the Augsburg Confession, he wrote his Reformation symphony. This composer was inspired by his visit to Fingal's Cave to write the Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, name this composer who included a famous wedding march in his incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Mendelsshon

A dotted quarter note followed by an eighth note is a recurring rhythmic motif for strings in a sinfonia in this work. A trumpet solo in an air for bass marked Pomposo ma non allegro is the only instrumental solo in this work, and the Man of Sorrows is described in its longest aria. In the "Christmas" section of this work, a soprano sings "There were (*) shepherds abiding in the field" after a pastoral movement in 12/8 ("twelve-eight") time titled Pifa. Charles Jennens wrote the libretto for this work, which includes one section repeating the words "King of Kings" and "he shall reign for ever and ever." For 10 points, name this oratorio by George Frideric Handel that contains the "Hallelujah" chorus.

Messiah

Characters in this novel visit the Pioneer Café, and due to distinctive birthmarks, one is nicknamed "Map-face" and has a father who wears a perfectly parted wig. In this novel, Aadam's first word is "abracadabra" and Ghani allows a man to see one part of a woman at a time through a sheet with a hole. One of the workers at a pickling factory in this novel is​ (*) Mary Pereira. The protagonist of this novel, whose biological father is William Methwold, loses his ability to act as a "human radio" after getting sinus surgery and is named Saleem Sinai. For 10 points, name this novel about a group of people born at the moment of Indian independence, a work by Salman Rushdie.

Midnight's Children

The childhood girlfriend of this work's narrator knifes an elderly woman and is sent away to reform school. Another character in this novel is sent on an errand to allow time for the seduction of Vanita. The narrator of this novel has amnesia until an exile in Sundarban, and later, this novel criticizes the prime minister's overreach during the Emergency. Its narrator has a large, dripping nose and telepathic powers, which he uses to contact others like him, like Shiva "of the Knees" and "Parvati-the-Witch." Saleem Sinai and others are the title figures of, for 10 points, what magical realist novel by Salman Rushdie?

Midnight's Children

Robb Mitchell used one of this thinker's concepts to design a teaching technique involving "cyranoids." This thinker investigated the relationship between antisocial behavior and watching television and tested whether letters found by passersby would be mailed to the "Friends of the (*) Nazi Party." Omaha residents' attempts to send mail to a Boston man led to this thinker's "six degrees of separation" theory. This developer of the small-world experiment led an experiment at Yale University in which participants were told to administer increasingly severe shocks to a "learner." For 10 points, identify this psychologist whose namesake experiment tested obedience to authority.

Milgram

This MacArthur "Genius Grant" Fellow and Hunter College High School graduate served as the librettist, composer, and star of Hamilton. He set his musical In the Heights in a largely Dominican-American community.

Miranda

The Siege of Bidar was a success for this empire under a ruler who also embarked on an 8-year siege of Jinji. One ruler of this empire was given shelter by Tahmasp in return for the cession of Kandahar. That emperor of this empire lost the Battle of Chausa following an agreed truce being broken by Sher Shah. An emperor of this empire won a battle in which an arrow to the (*) eye killed his opponent, Hemu. Ibrahim Lodi had been defeated by the founder of this empire at the same location as the aforementioned battle, Panipat. This empire's founder was Babur, and its final emperor was defeated by the British in the Sepoy Mutiny. For 10 points, name this Islamic empire of Akbar.

Mughal

This other scientist suggested calculating electronegativity by finding the arithmetic mean of electron affinity and first ionization energy

Mulliken

One character in this musical dreams of "lots of coal makin' lots of heat," while another sings that "the pavement always stayed beneath [his] feet before" in "On the Street Where You Live." In one scene in this musical, characters repeatedly exclaim, "By George, she's got it!" One character in this musical sings, "I only know when he began to (*) dance with me" in "I Could Have Danced All Night," and in another scene, she declares that "the rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain." At the end of this musical, the lead character regains the Cockney accent she had once had as a flower girl. For 10 points, name this musical based on Pygmalion about the speech training of Eliza Doolittle.

My Fair Lady

In January 2018, this country's &Proud festival was first held in public. In 2016, this country invented the new position of State Counsellor. The National League for Democracy in this country considers prominent politician Htin Kyaw ("TIN TCH-ough"), Thein Sein's ("TH-ain SANE")successor, an ally. This country was in the news in 2017 for incidents in its ​(*) Rakhine province, from which many have fled north. This majority Buddhist country's leading politician, Nobel Peace Prize recipient Aung San Suu Kyi, has been criticized for her minimal response to the genocide of this country's Rohingya people. For 10 points, name this Asian country with capital at Naypyidaw and largest city Yangon.

Myanmar

Name this French general and Emperor, who conquered much of Europe with his Grande Armée before it was largely destroyed in a disastrous invasion of Russia.

Napoleon

This body of water was used to access the Steelyard from Lubeck, a Kontor and member of a noted trading organization on it. The Kingston Emerald was attacked in this sea during the Cod Wars. Both the scuttling of the German High Seas Fleet in the Scapa Flow and the Battle of Dogger Bank were in this sea during WWI. Its Roughs Tower claims to be the Principality of Sealand. The Kiel Canal connects the Baltic Sea to this sea, and the Anglo-Dutch Wars were primarily fought on it. The Hanseatic League often operated in this sea. For 10 points, name this sea between Britain and Norway that is connected to the Atlantic by the English Channel.

North Sea

After the protagonist breaks into a hospital room in this film, a patient puts on her glasses and tells him to "stop." At its beginning, a man is forced to drink bourbon after being kidnapped in an attempt to stage a drunk driving accident after he is mistaken for "George Kaplan." This film's opening credits are projected along the side of a New York City glass skyscraper. During its climax, Leonard pursues its main characters down Mount Rushmore. An iconic scene sees the protagonist nearly hit by a crop-duster plane. Starring James Mason, Cary Grant, and Eva Marie Saint, for 10 points, name this 1959 Alfred Hitchcock spy thriller.

North by Northwest

When an old man offers $350 to two men in this novel, one character says, "'Jesus Christ! I bet we could swing her!'" A retired boxer in this novel often keeps a glove of vaseline on his left hand, and is extremely protective of his wife. In a story that one character enjoys hearing, he "lives off the fatta' the land" and when it rains, he says "the hell with goin' to work." This novel's title is based on a line from a Burns poem. The aforementioned wife "gives the eye" to many of the employees on the ranch, and her neck is accidentally broken by one of this work's protagonists. For 10 points, name this novel by John Steinbeck that centers on George and Lennie.

Of Mice and Men

The Populists held their first convention in 1892, where they wrote this platform. It declared "every dollar taken from industry without an equivalent is robbery" and called for direct election of Senators and graduated income tax

Omaha

One character in this novel ascends to heaven while sewing sheets, and another has an eating competition with the Elephant. Name this novel about the multi-generational Buendía family, penned by Gabriel García Márquez.

One Hundred Years of Solitude

Homage to Catalonia was a work by this British writer who also described a dystopian future featuring Big Brother, as seen through the eyes of Winston Smith, in 1984.

Orwell

Four atoms of this element are double bonded to osmium in a common method of forming syn-glycols at double bonds. mCPBA is a reagent commonly used to add a ring containing this element to olefins. One man credited with discovering this element heated a compound of it and mercury and is named Carl Scheele. The cause of cracking in (*) rubber is a compound of this element. In compounds, primarily with silicon, this element makes up almost half of Earth's crust. The discovery of this element, which was named "acid-former" by Antoine Lavoisier, is sometimes credited to Joseph Priestley. For 10 points, name this first element in the chalcogen series, which has atomic number 8

Oxygen

On Valentine's Day in 2018, a school shooting occurred at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in this small Florida city. Students who attend school in this city organized a March 24 national "March for Our Lives."

Parkland

Uruguay allied with Brazil in the War of the Triple Alliance, which was then led by this second and last Emperor, known as the "Magnanimous," who was overthrown in 1889 and ended slavery.

Pedro the 2nd

In another Canova sculpture, this mythological figure stands triumphantly holding the severed head of a Gorgon. This figure also performs that action in a sculpture by Benvenuto Cellini, and he inspired a literary hero with the last name Jackson.

Perseus

This healer of Agatha resurrected the generous Tabitha, and along with John, cured a cripple at the Beautiful Gate. While attempting to flee Rome, this man asked a passerby "quo vadis ("WA-dis")?," and after being imprisoned by Herod, he was freed by an angel. Because he believed himself to be unworthy of dying like Jesus, this man demanded that he be crucified upside-down. This recipient of the "Rock of my Church" speech had previously denied Jesus three times, and he is commonly depicted holding the keys to the gates of heaven. For 10 points, name this apostle who is considered to the first Pope.

Peter

In one work, a character says this ​author​'s will is held by "adamantine chains." In addition to "My Secret Book," this author wrote a "Letter to Posterity," included in his collection ​Seniles​. This author recounts spontaneously climbing a French mountain with his brother in one work, and he was inspired by Plutarch's Parallel Lives​ to describe figures like Romulus and Heracles, examples of the title​ (*) Illustrious Men. Scipio Africanus plays a major role in this author's Africa, and he wrote 366 poems alternately titled as a "songbook" or a set of "scattered rhymes" dedicated to Laura. For 10 points, name this Italian poet of the Renaissance, the author of Il Canzoniere

Petrarch

In this city, a pseudonymous author named Anthony Benezet wrote demanding the use of African-American nurses. One major event in this city began at the Arch Street Wharf. Bishop Richard Allen founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church in this city. It's not Boston, but one man associated with this city published several works as Mrs. Silence Dogood and invented a namesake (*) stove. Benjamin Rush was a politician and doctor in this city, where he helped combat a 1793 yellow fever epidemic. The Olive Branch Petition was drafted in this city as part of the Second Continental Congress. For 10 points, name this city home to Benjamin Franklin and the Liberty Bell.

Philadelphia

This country's current constitution replaced Proclamation Number Three, and some people from this country joined the BUDC during the Hukbalahap peasant insurgency. A movement in this non-U.S. country is sometimes named for yellow ribbons displayed after one leader of the LABAN party in this country returned from self-exile in 1983 and was assassinated at an​ (*) airport. In this country, after the surrender of the fortress of Corregidor, thousands of troops went on a "death march" through Baatan. In this country, Corazon Aquino led the People Power Revolution to replace Ferdinand Marcos. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian island nation with capital at Manila.

Phillipines

One rule formulated by this scientist relates causes and effects to dissymmetry. This scientist is the first namesake of a law stating that a constant named for this scientist over the difference between a material-dependent temperature and the absolute temperature equals a material's magnetic susceptibility. This person, who names that law with Pierre​ (*) Weiss, demonstrated piezoelectricity. At this scientist's namesake point, materials lose their ferromagnetism. While investigating pitchblende radioactivity, this scientist and his partner isolated polonium and radium. For 10 points, name this French scientist who shared a Nobel prize for his work on radioactivity with his wife, Marie.

Pierre Curie

Napoleon signed the Concordat of 1801 with this Pope, reconciling the French government and the Catholic Church. Napoleon also took his crown from this Pope's hands and coronated himself.

Pius the 7th

This third party nominated James B. Weaver in 1892, who won five western states. This party advocated for the rights of farmers and urban workers.

Populist

This composer of the Classical Symphony went even further back in time for his incidental music for a Shakespeare tragedy, which includes the "Dance of the Knights."

Prokofiev

Name this 1960 Alfred Hitchcock film featuring motel owner Norman Bates, whose history as a serial killer culminates in a dramatic shower scene in which he stabs a secretary to death.

Psycho

This other character dies embracing Esmeralda's corpse and is the adopted son of the Archdeacon Claude Frollo. In one scene, he is elected Pope of Fools

Quasimodo

This city on the Silk Road was the Sogdiana capital, and it had the Greek name of Marakanda. It contains the Registan square and the Gur-e-Amir Mausoleum. Babur notably lost control of this city three times.

Samarqand

Haile Selassie is revered in this religion popular in Jamaica. Many reggae singers are members of this religion.

Rastafarianism

This composer, who entered a competition with his Sonatine, dedicated each of five movements of one work to fellow "Hooligans," such as "Sad Birds" and "A Boat on the Ocean." One work by this composer frequently requotes a melody beginning with a sustained high C followed by "B C D C B A C." Each of six movements of a piano suite by this composer honors a different (*) soldier. He's not Russian, but this composer orchestrated Pictures at an Exhibition. This composer of Miroirs and Pavane for a Dead Princess wrote a piece for Ida Rubinstein which begins with a flute playing over a snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this French composer who wrote Boléro

Ravel

This character finds that entire incident hilarious, because he knows the helmet is nothing but a barber's washbasin. At one point, this donkey-riding squire gets wrapped in a blanket and tossed into the air.

Sancho Panza

One work featuring this character takes place on Speranza and was written by Michel Tournier. In one appearance, this character's story is almost ignored by an English writer who would rather write about a woman's experiences in Bahia. This wearer of a straw hat who might have cut out a friend's tongue befriends Susan Barton in a work by J. M. Coetzee, and in another, he sells​ (*) Xury to a ship captain. This character lands on the "Island of Despair" and converts a cannibal to Christianity, naming him after a day of the week. Most likely, this character is based on Alexander Selkirk. For 10 points, name this title character of a novel by Daniel Defoe.

Robinson Crusoe

A man wearing a yellow tie stands beside three sticks tied together in one work by this artist, and in another, three black-suited men decide to cancel an event due to rain. This artist, whose namesake museum is in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, painted a young boy and a woman praying in a ​(*) ​restaurant in Saying Grace. A word scrawled on a wall provides the backdrop to this artist's depiction of a young girl being escorted down the street by military men, The Problem We All Live With. A man in a blue plaid shirt talks in a town meeting in this artist's Freedom of Speech. For 10 points, name this American artist whose work for The Saturday Evening Post included The Four Freedoms.

Rockwell

Name this French sculptor who created The Burghers of Calais and The Thinker.

Rodin

The "Letter of the Six" was written to one leader of this country before he was replaced by the National Salvation Front. One event in this country began after Hungarian pastor László Tőkés criticized this country's Systematisation Policy. Petru Groza forced this country's King Michael I to abdicate in ​(*) 1947. A revolt in this country's University Square followed a speech interrupted by chants of "Timișoara." The fascist Iron Guard installed Ion Antonescu in this country, which was also ruled by a dictator executed on Christmas. For 10 points, name the Eastern European country once ruled by Nicolae Ceaușescu, with capital at Bucharest

Romania

In a parade staging area in Jacksonville, this politician exclaimed, "Who let the dogs out?" and he wrote a book about a sporting event entitled Turnaround. This man's veto of a provision charging $295 per person to large businesses which did not provide health insurance was defeated by a state legislature in 2006. This man once claimed he had (*) "binders full of women" and that 47% of Americans would never vote for him. This Republican has served as an organizer for the Salt Lake City Olympics, CEO of Bain Capital, and Governor of Massachusetts. For 10 points, name this current candidate for Junior Senator from Utah, the Republican nominee for president in 2012.

Romney

Close relatives of the Vulcans come from this planet, named after a mythical twin of Remus raised by a she-wolf. The people of this planet are known for piloting warbirds

Romulus

Early in his political career, this man signed the Mulford Act, and he received controversy after designating deceased Waffen-SS members as "victims." After a terrorist attack on a Berlin discotheque, this man ordered the bombing of Libya. This signer of the INF Treaty gave the "Morning in America" speech, and proposed an elaborate space-based missile defense system that became ridiculed as "Star Wars." This leader's namesake economic policy became closely associated with supply-side economics. For 10 points, name this Republican U.S. president who ordered Mikhail Gorbachev to "tear down this wall," the predecessor of George H. W. Bush.

Ronald Regan

This Real Madrid forward is ranked by the Guardian as the best in the world and shares his name with an earlier 2000s Brazilian football player

Ronaldo

This novelist who focuses on the Jewish-American experience set many of his works in Newark and created the recurring character Nathan Zuckerman, who appears in American Pastoral. He also wrote Portnoy's Complaint

Roth

The Battle of Bannockburn took place during a war for this country's independence. Besides Robert the Bruce, heroes of this constituent country of the United Kingdom include William Wallace, and its capital is Edinburgh.

Scotland

The holder of this position possesses an object which depicts "in the zenith an eye in a triangle, surrounded by a glory," which is the Great Seal. This was the last position Theodore Frelinghuysen held before retiring. While in this position, one man declared that division of labor was "in danger of breaking down," so his country should "assist in the return of normal economic health to the​ (*) world," an articulation of his namesake "plan." One man with this position jointly won the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize with Le Duc Tho, who refused to accept it; that man was Henry Kissinger. Recently held by Rex Tillerson, for 10 points, name this U.S. cabinet position responsible for foreign affairs

Secretary of State

This Scandinavian composer of the Lemminkäinen Suite ("lem-in-KAI-nen")also assembled a series of six "tableaux" into his nationalistic tone poem, Finlandia.

Sibelius

This trade route was closed after being captured by Tibetans in 678, but was reopened by Empress Wu during the Second Zhou ("JOE") Dynasty in 699. Name this road from Rome to China, it was travelled by Marco Polo

Silk Road

This Edwards sermon emphasized that anyone could be damned. It described a spider held over hell, with God ready to cut its web at any time.

Sinners in the hands of an angry God

Billy Pilgrim, who becomes "unstuck in time," is kidnapped by Tralfamadorians in this Kurt Vonnegut novel.

Slaughterhouse Five

Name this eighteenth century economic bubble in Britain, caused by a namesake joint-stock company's private assumption of the national debt

South Sea

During this event, many individuals slept on bare mattresses in opposition to a fellow participant being locked in a dark closet. Several individuals took up fire extinguishers to use as weapons in this event, while another figure in it was nicknamed "John Wayne" due to his sadistic demeanor. After Christina Maslach questioned this event's morality, it was terminated after only six days. When this experiment began, coin flips assigned participants as either guards or prisoners. For 10 points, name this experiment conducted by Philip Zimbardo in the basement of its namesake California university.

Stanford Experiment

Cecil Beaton's interpretation of this work featured calligraphy in white ink on black backgrounds, and a notable scene in one version of this work features a diagonal line of twenty-five women. Music for this work includes a solo oboe theme which begins on F-sharp and joins the harps to play over string tremolos. Several pairs follow a pattern of three​ (*) steps and a kick in this work's Hungarian dance, and the first act of this work features a notable pas de trois ("pah day TWAH"). The main character of this work, Prince Siegfried, is tricked into marrying Rothbart's daughter Odile. For 10 points, name this ballet composed by Pyotr Tchaikovsky in which Odette becomes the title bird.

Swan Lake

The Battle of Beshbalik was a devastating defeat for this dynasty, as was King Trisong Detsen's destruction of its capital. Both empires of the Gokturks were defeated during this dynasty, and Hou Junji conquered the Tarim Basin for this empire. A rebellion by nobles of this dynasty was crushed by its usurper, ​(*) Empress Wu Zetian. The Battle of Talas River was an Abbasid victory against this empire, ending its domination of Central Asia. An Lushan, a general of this dynasty, rebelled against it and caused its emperor to flee from Chang'an. Succeeding the Sui dynasty, for 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty from 618 to 907, sometimes called a "golden age."

Tang

A major advocate of alternating current was this scientist who invented a namesake coil and names the SI unit for magnetic flux density

Tesla

This epic poem is written in dactylic hexameter. A prophecy states that the protagonist of this epic poem will help build Alba Longa, and after leaving one city, that protagonist sees smoke from a funeral pyre

The Aeneid

One character in this novel remembers a garden with "the smell of turned earth, the plump shapes of bulbs" as a symbol of motherhood and sits on a pillow embroidered with "FAITH." One character in this novel leaves the "Red Center" by attacking Aunt Elizabeth. Knotly Wade appears in the epilogue of this novel, explaining tapes with Professor (*) Pieixoto ("pee-ex-OH-to"). The protagonist of this novel learns the code word "Mayday" from Moira and is forced to work for the husband of Serena Joy, the Commander, in the Republic of Gilead. For 10 points, name this novel about Offred, a dystopian novel by Margaret Atwood

The Handmaid's Tale

This work discusses Hannibal's "inhuman cruelty" toward his army, as well as the "criminal virtue" of Agathocles of Syracuse. A chapter of this work describes Moses as a conqueror due to his status as an armed prophet. This work begins by discussing the distinction between "mixed" states and purely new states. It denounces mercenaries as purely money-driven, and portrays fortune as a woman who must be beaten. This work states that an effective ruler must emulate both the lion and the fox, and praises Cesare Borgia as one of those rulers. Dedicated to a member of the Medici family, for 10 points, name this political treatise by Niccolo Machiavelli.

The Prince

One of Sibelius' final works before his infamous "Silence of Järvenpää ("yar-WEN-pie")" was his incidental music to this Shakespeare play. He used a harp and percussion motif to represent the main character, who is served by Caliban

The Tempest

In this novel, Crazy Leo appears at every funeral in a certain city, and Mr. Schmuh discovers a jazz band. One character in this novel earns the nickname Jesus after vandalizing a chocolate factory and makes a key decision due to the idea that he might have to be a grocer. Roswitha dies in this novel in which patrons cry at the (*) Onion Cellar. After finding a bloody ring finger, the protagonist of this novel is accused of killing Sister Dorothea. That protagonist of this first work of the Danzig Trilogy can shatter glass with his voice and stops growing at age three. For 10 points, name this novel about Oskar Matzerath, a work by Günter Grass.

The Tin Drum

This place was punished after Chrysippus was raped here by his tutor from this place. During one conflict at this location, Tydeus ate the brains of his opponent and was hence denied immortality. Semele died here when her mate revealed his full form at her insistence. One play set here sees Jocasta hang herself and her son, now (*) husband, blind himself; that play is Sophocles' Oedipus Rex, first of his trilogy named after this place. This place was founded after dragon teeth were sown in the ground. A play by Aeschylus set in this place sees Eteocles and Polynices kill each other; that play is titled "Seven Against" this city-state. For 10 points, name this Greek city-state founded by Cadmus.

Thebes

This deity tried to hail a ride from a ferryman, actually his father in disguise, but was insulted and ended up having to walk around the river. This deity obtained a deep cauldron for the sea god Aegir ("EYE-geer") by throwing a goblet at its owner's head, and when his blood brother cut off his wife's hair, he had it replaced with a gold headpiece; his wife was the goddess (*) Sif. When this god's name was uttered, Loki's flyting with the gods ended, since this god was summoned when his name was spoken. This god failed to wrestle an old lady, a deity of old age in disguise, and was forced to dress as Freyja in order to recover his weapon Mjolnir. For 10 points, name this hammer-wielding Norse god of thunder.

Thor

In this opera, a clarinet solo opens a B minor spinto tenor aria whose melody is repeated in the final scene. This opera's third act begins with a shepherd boy singing "I give you sighs" in the Romanesco dialect. One character in this opera extols the acting abilities of her lover who she believes faked his death by firing squad. In this opera,​ (*) Angelotti hides in a chapel while a painter compares his portrait of Mary Magdalene to his lover in "Recondita armonia." In this opera, one character sings "Vissi d'arte" before stabbing Baron Scarpia with a kitchen knife. For 10 points, name this opera by Giacomo Puccini set in Rome in which the title singer leaps to her death off the Castel Sant' Angelo.

Tosca

Name this place in the Small Magellanic Cloud home to a zoo with a geodesic dome. Montana Wildhack gives birth in this place

Tralfamadore

This thinker proved the central limit theorem using the Gaussian error function, and he included a state register in one mathematical model. Lambda calculus demonstrates a "completeness" named for this thinker. This thinker notably used the Banburismus process, which relied on comparing corresponding (*) letters in different sentences. That system was used by this thinker in collaboration with Joan Clarke to create bombes for decryption. A head that reads and writes bits on an infinitely long strip of tape are this scientist's namesake machines. For 10 points, name this British computer scientist who helped crack the Enigma code.

Turing

This tribe joined the Five Nations in 1722 following their namesake war against the British in North Carolina. This group's addition resulted in the modern-day Iroquois League having six nations.

Tuscarora

Name this country once known as Cisplatine Province, which has its capital at Montevideo

Uruguay

In this novel, one character's family wants him to marry a half-Jewish orphan named Miss Swartz. One character in this novel wraps green yarn around a man's arms while making a purse, and this novel includes the question, "Which of us is happy in this world?" The main character in this novel, which is framed by a puppet show, probably kills Jos for life insurance at its end. In this novel,​ (*) Dobbin survives war but George Osborne dies just before the Battle of Waterloo after impregnating Amelia Sedley, a former student of Miss Pinkerton's Academy and a friend of the anti-heroine, Becky Sharp. For 10 points, name this best-known novel by William Makepeace Thackeray.

Vanity Fair

This Roman poet of the Eclogues and the Georgics also wrote the Aeneid.

Virgil

Lord Dunmore was the last British governor of this colony, where he commanded troops at the Battle of Kemp's Landing in Princess Anne County. George Mason was a delegate from this state at the Constitutional Convention.

Virginia

This Hindu god's first avatar was Matsya, a fish. This "preserver" in the Trimurti had nine other avatars, including Krishna and Rama.

Vishnu

According to a Tweet from one figure, this politician said of Hillary Clinton, "One must be able to lose with dignity." After meeting with this politician, Halbe Zijlstra ("HAL-ba ZEEL-stra") was replaced in March 2018 as Dutch Foreign Affairs Minister. This politician's supporters shouted, "Krym nash," after one of his actions in 2014. In 2005, this politician (*) stole Robert Kraft's Super Bowl ring. A landmass shaped like Florida was targeted in a recent presentation by this politician about his country's military, which claimed American defenses would be "useless" against his new nuclear weapons. For 10 points, name this alleged meddler in U.S. elections, the current President of the Russian Federation

Vladmir Putin

The Chuvash people live primarily on an upland named after this river. The middle section of this river, which rises in the Valdai Hills, is determined by its confluences with the Oka and Kama rivers. Another name for this river is İdel ("ID-il"), and at the confluence of this river with the Kazanka River lies the capital of (*) Tatarstan, Kazan. A city now named after this river received the title Hero City in 1945, and, on the Mamayev Kurgan, contains the statue "The Motherland Calls." This river passes through Astrakhan before flowing into the Caspian Sea. For 10 points, name this Russian river, the longest river in Europe

Volga River

Who wrote slaughterhouse five?

Vonnegut

Spock's father hails from this planet, which shares its name with the Roman god of fire

Vulcan

The word "womanist" was coined by this author, who once said "Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender." Her most famous novel features its protagonist falling in love with the jazz singer Shug Avery.

Walker

The disgrace of many senior officials in the British government after the South Sea Bubble led by default to the rise of this politician whose government was dubbed the "Robinocracy."

Walpole

Name this major figure in the development of modern consumerism, who used tactics like "buy one, get one free" promotions and travelling salesmen to sell his pottery.

Wedgwood

One part of this work describes the female body as "the bath of birth" and lists "the skin, the sunburnt shade, freckles, hair." The speaker of this work details a "vast similitude" that interlocks "all lives and deaths, all of the past, present, future" while "On the Beach At Night Alone." One section of this work describes "a shy and hidden bird... warbling a song" and describes a "lustrous and​ (*) drooping star," while another opens, "Flood-tide below me!" This collection also contains a poem that states, "I am large, I contain multitudes" and has 52 sections. For 10 points, name this poetry collection that includes "Song of Myself", written by Walt Whitman.

Whitman

This play, which is split into the acts "Fun and Games," "Walpurgisnacht," and "The Exorcism," features a marriage between a George and a Martha, who prove to be awful party hosts for a young professor and his wife.

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf

One of this author's works transposes some historical events, such as the divorce of Pompeia. This author of The Ides of March​ wrote one work that sees the monk Brother Juniper trying to learn why God's plan for five people had them die when the title structure​ (*) collapses. One of this author's plays ends with one character saying goodbye to her mama's sunflowers and to "sleeping" and "waking up," and another play follows a family that survives an ice age, the Antrobus family. This writer of The Skin of Our Teeth wrote one play featuring Emily Webb and set in Grover's Corners. For 10 points, name this playwright of Our Town.

Wilder

One noble with this name took rule after the death of his father Roger II and fought against his chancellor Maio of Bari. Two nobles of this name ruled as kings of Sicily, and another man of this name died while hunting in the New Forest. One man with this name received French support to win the Battle of (*) Val-es-Dunes. That ruler launched the Harrying of the North and married Matilda of Flanders, and he also compiled the Domesday Book and completed his conquest in 1066. For 10 points, give this name of a ruler who won the Battle of Hastings, known as the Conqueror.

William

A damaged one of these structures decreases the production of steroid sulfatase and a defect in this structure decreases the production of the protein FMRP. The SHOX ("shocks") region of this structure leads to the short stature and webbed neck caused by an absence of one of these structures. In lyonization, this structure can be deactivated to form a​ (*) Barr body. Having an extra one of this structure can lead to Klinefelter syndrome and the genes that cause hemophilia and colorblindness are on this chromosome, which causes their higher incidence in males. For 10 points, name this human sex chromosome contrasted with Y

X chromosome

This other Silk Road city, now the capital of Shaanxi province, served as the starting point for the Silk Road. The Terracotta Army was later discovered here.

Xian

De Gaulle's relationship with Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin was frosty, in part because they never invited him to conferences like this 1945 one about peace after the war, hosted in the USSR.

Yalta

Hans was visiting this cousin of his, who uses terms "up here" and "down there" to describe life at the sanatorium and outside of it, respectively. In one of Hans' dreams, this character rides a bobsled down the mountain.

Ziemssen

Josiah Wedgwood was an advocate for this cause, which his work Am I Not a Man And a Brother? supported. Advocates for this cause succeeded in the United States with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

abolition

When an object possesses a constant value for this quantity, it can be described with Rindler coordinates, and it will undergo hyperbolic motion. When repeatedly reflected, particles will undergo an increase in a type of this quantity named after Fermi. The equivalence principle likens a uniform gravitational field to this quantity, and increases in it will cause increases in g-forces. For an object undergoing circular motion, this value is equal to velocity squared over the radius of the path, and this value is the derivative of velocity with respect to time. For 10 points, force equals mass multiplied by what value?

acceleration

Name these compounds, which, according to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, act as proton donors. Litmus paper turns red in response to contact with these compounds

acids

Name this most common type of electrical current in international power grids, often contrasted with direct current.

alternating current

In a lengthy section in this work, one figure asks another to identify an "improver." Near the beginning of this work, it asserts that poets do not understand their own poetry while attempting to resolve a divine paradox as reported by Chaerephon ("KAI-re-fon"). This work argues that because no one can know what happens after (*) death, there is no reason to fear it. In this work, while talking to Meletus, the central figure compares himself to a gadfly and asserts that his wisdom stems from recognition of his ignorance as he responds to accusations of atheism and corrupting the youth. For 10 points, identify this Socratic dialogue by Plato which details Socrates's defense at his trial

apology of Socrates

These objects are the result of the function "explode" in php. The distance in memory between entries in these objects is known as its "stride." A lack of bound checking of these objects can cause overwriting of memory addresses. These objects can be dynamically resized to allow​ (*) retrieval time to remain the same. Maps and dictionaries are considered associative forms of these objects, and one-dimensional versions of these objects can be considered linear. In most languages, these objects' indices start at zero. For 10 points, name these objects whose two-dimensional forms are known as matrices.

array

Name this profession which that story is "about." One person with this profession uses a basin to shield his hat from the rain, but another character becomes convinced it is the helmet of Mambrino.

barber

The geometry of these entities can be approximated by Flamm's paraboloid. One quantity related to these entities is equal to two times mass times "big G" divided by another constant squared. Under certain circumstances, these entities exhibit the Lense-Thirring effect, according to the Kerr metric. The (*) Penrose process transfers momentum from these entities to objects passing through their ergosphere. These entities can be characterized by three externally observable properties, and they are surrounded by an event horizon inside which the escape velocity is greater than the speed of light. For 10 points, name these massive objects from which light cannot escape.

black holes

While a prisoner of war at the title building in Slaughterhouse-Five, Billy Pilgrim survives this event, caused by the Allies during World War II, by hiding in a cellar.

bombing of Dresden

Name this data type, in which there are only two possible values, usually referred to as "true" and false." For that reason, this data type, named for an English mathematician, is built into many programming languages.

boolean

This element can violate the octet rule, such as in its trifluoride in which it only has six valence electrons. It is frequently used as a fiberglass additive

boron

Rodin was accused of using a live model to create a sculpture titled in part for this material. That sculpture was also made of this material, as were many of his other works, such as The Man with the Broken Nose.

bronze

When Gilgamesh rejected the advances of the goddess Ishtar, she sent this animal "of Heaven" to punish him. Enkidu is sentenced to die after he kills this animal.

bull

Lorde wrote a book discussing her struggles with the breast variety of this disease; she died of its liver variety in 1992, perhaps due to exposure to toxins in the factory work she describes in Zami.

cancer

The PETM was also marked by an increase in the population of members of this phylum, which likely resulted from secondary endosymbiosis with red algae. They include zooxanthellae

dinoflagellata

One Russian player of this instrument premiered Prokofiev's nearly unplayable ​Sinfonia Concertante​. Heitor Villa-Lobos scored the fifth of his ​Bachianas Brasileiras​ for soprano and eight of these instruments. Hanuš Wihan ("HA-nush WE-han") wrote a cadenza for a B minor concerto for this instrument, which was played during the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia by​ (*) Mstislav Rostropovich, and one player of this instrument founded the Silk Road Ensemble. Jacqueline du Pré famously played this instrument in a recording of a concerto by Edward Elgar. For 10 points, name this string instrument played by Yo-Yo Ma which is pitched between the double bass and viola.

cello

One contemporary symphony intended to emulate some elements of this period of music includes a movement titled for a gavotte, a popular French dance in the 1700s. Composers during this era include Muzio Clementi and Joseph Haydn.

classical

Many official publications following this event came from the Aldine Press, headed by Paulus Manutius. Johannes Brenz attempted to participate in this event at which one group derided another's "vain confidence." A surprise victory by Maurice paused this event which was followed up by ​Benedictus Deus​. At this event, participants agreed to decrease the number of leap years and created a list of banned​ (*) books. This last church council before the First Vatican was convoked by Pope Paul III in 1545. In addition to affirming the Vulgate, this church council condemned Protestant heresies. For 10 points, name this Catholic Church council which kickstarted the Counter-Reformation.

council of Trent

Transition metals exhibit their characteristic properties because these four-lobed entities are only partially filled

d-orbitals

Identify this meter named in part for a poetic foot consisting of a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was criticized for using this meter to write Evangeline.

dactylic hexameter

Name this founder of the French Fifth Republic and leader of the Free French during World War II.

de Gaulle

These two goods provide one name for the "paradox of value," in which the one with a seemingly greater utility has a lower value because it is widespread. The concept of marginal utility resolves that paradox about these goods.

diamonds and water

The principle of complementarity was demonstrated by a version of this experiment, the Afshar experiment. The output is determined by the path of one particle in a variant of this experiment known as the quantum eraser. One phenomenon involved in this experiment results if the difference in path length is an integer multiple of another quantity. That phenomenon is​ (*) constructive interference. This experiment contradicted the corpuscular theory of light by proving its wave-particle duality. For 10 points, name this experiment where light was shined through two namesake apparatuses, first performed in 1801 by Thomas Young.

double slit

Wilhelm Stekel used analysis of these things to argue that everyone has an inner artist. According to Carl Jung ("YOOng"), the formation of a "day residue" is crucial to the development of these things. One theory about these things describes them as the products of condensation, displacement, and/or representation. That theory describes these things, including one​ (*) about Otto giving the title woman a propyl preparation which is called Irma's Injection, as a form of wish fulfillment and was developed in a book about the interpretation of them. For 10 points, name these things analyzed by Sigmund Freud which people experience while asleep.

dreams

The term "tritos" refers to a period between these general events and equals 135 synodic months. Some of these events are described by the equation L equals r times R-zero over R-s minus R-zero. A theory regarding one type of these events' effects states that turbulence in the atmosphere causes snake bands, also known as (*) shadow bands. Baily's beads form during some types of these events, and one of these events in 1868 led Pierre Hansen to discover helium. One type of this event is called an occultation, and the one that occurred in the United States in 2017 was the total solar type. For 10 points, name these events in which view of an astronomical object is blocked

eclipse

The octet rule says that many elements will bond such that they have this number of valence electrons. This is also the atomic number of oxygen.

eight

Thomas Edison, an advocate of direct current, tried to convince the general public of alternating current's danger by performing this specific action. One individual affected by this action was Dash.

electrocuting dogs

Polar bonds are caused due to differences in this quantity symbolized chi. This quantity is usually measured on the Pauling scale, on which fluorine is a 3.98.

electronegativity

Surface analysis of one technique involving these particles features KLL and LMM peaks. That technique depends on an effect discovered by Lisa Meitner and Pierre Auger. In one process, high-velocity beams of these particles are shot from a welding machine to fuse metals. The iridium tetroxide cation has the highest known value, +9, in one measurement quantifying the​ (*) loss of these particles. Analyte molecules expel these particles in a method of mass spectrometry in which they are ionized. These particles are stationary in the plum pudding model and move in orbitals in the Bohr model. For 10 points, name these elementary particles which have a negative charge

electrons

In another painting, Dali drew two of these animals with extremely elongated legs. Another Dali painting features them as the reflections of swans.

elephants

The idea in 1984 that a person may be required by a government to think an equation equals this number is a motif of brainwashing. Winston is unsure if everyone believing that equation equals this number makes it true.

five

In his work On Floating Bodies, Archimedes discusses the equilibrium of these substances. This general type of substance has Newtonian and non-Newtonian types and encompasses, among other things, gases and liquids.

fluids

A wave will experience resonance when the frequency of the wave is an integer multiple of this quantity. This quantity is also referred to as the first harmonic.

fundamental frequency

Parallels have been drawn between the PETM and the modern day due to this phenomenon widely accepted to be in part the result of human activity releasing carbon dioxide

global warming

One of these things began in Lumpkin County, Georgia, and ultimately was the cause of Indian removal. Rabbit Creek was renamed after George Cormack and Skookum Jim began one of these events. Another of these events was initiated on the rancho of New Helvetia ("hel-VEE-shuh"). Participants in one of these events returned on the Excelsior and the Portland. These events prompted the Foreign Miners' Tax on the Chinese and used a technique called panning. An 1849 discovery at Sutter's Mill in California prompted one of the largest of these events, which was followed by an explosion in California's population. For 10 points, name these migrations, often West, to gather a certain precious metal.

gold rush

A mutation in a gene which codes for proteins that help this structure maintain its integrity causes achondrogenesis type IA. That gene affecting this structure is TRIP11. The protein GGA1 regulates the movement of proteins from this structure, and acid hydrolases are marked with mannose 6-phosphate receptors in this structure.​ (*) COPII ("cop two") vesicles transport proteins to this body, while COPI ("cop one") vesicles transport proteins from this body. Like the ER, this organelle is made up of flattened disks called cisternae and this organelle has a cis and trans face. For 10 points, name this organelle that packages and modifies proteins before secretion, named after an Italian scientist

golgi complex

In 1964, this body of water was separated from the artificial reservoir Willard Bay. The Weber River, which is home to mountain whitefish, empties into this body of water. An effect named for this body of water causes the "Greatest Snow on Earth," and Pink Floyd was a (*) flamingo often seen near this body of water. Robert Smithson created Spiral Jetty on the shores of this body of water. The so-called "golden spike" was originally located just north of this body of water, and this body of water is all that remains of Lake Bonneville. For 10 points, name this lake in the Western United States, the namesake of a city in Utah. ANSWER: Great Salt Lake [prompt on Great Salt until "lake" and accept af

great salt lake

This perhaps most famous shark species is named for the color of its underbelly and has sharp triangular teeth. This species is responsible for more recorded attacks on humans than any other shark species.

great white shark

Saltpeter is combined with charcoal and sulfur to form this substance also known as black powder, which is explosive. This substance was invented in China and used in firearms.

gunpowder

This instrument was used in Elliott Carter's double concerto for it and piano. Wanda Landowska played many pieces on some of these instruments manufactured by Pleyel.

harpsichord

One allosteric ligand to this molecule is nitric oxide, which binds onto thiol groups to form S-nitrosothiol. Abnormal production of this molecule, which is affecting by an autosomal recessive mutation called Lepore syndrome, characterizes a group of inherited disorders called thalassemias. The​ (*) Haldane and Bohr effects describe the carbon dioxide affinity of this molecule. In adult humans, the most common form of this molecule consists of two alpha and two beta subunits, and this protein's cofactors consist of four porphyrin rings binding a metal ion. For 10 points, name this iron-containing oxygen transport protein found within red blood cells.

hemoglobin

This object-oriented programming language has a built-in Boolean data type and has a coffee cup logo. It was developed by Sun Microsystems and should not be confused with a similarly named language ending in "Script."

java

One of these non-human animals appears below four expressionless Biblical figures in Paul Gauguin's The Green Christ. In another work, one of these animals stands behind a column adorned with bronze dragons in the fountain of life. One poem describes one of these animals "[m]aking all the vales rejoice" and asks it, (*) "Dost thou know who made thee[?]" That poem titled for one of these animals is found in Songs of Innocence. One Jan van Eyck artwork sometimes titled for the "Adoration" of one of these animals is more commonly known as the Ghent Altarpiece. For 10 points, identify these animals which may be "sacrificial" and will be eventually become adult sheep.

lamb

Identify this Asian school of political philosophy which ignored morality in favor of security and order. Like Daoism, this school emphasizes Wu wei, or non-action, an idea it applies in relation to the head of a government.

legalism

The leftmost standing figure in this work wears what is likely a Cholet handkerchief at his hip, as well as a white cockade across his chest. One man in this painting has only a left shoe; another has only a right sock. A young man peers over a pile of stones in this painting while holding a (*) sword above a man in a white shirt lying on the ground. Headgear featured in this painting includes a Phrygian cap and a bicorne. The central figure of this painting, often associated with Marianne, is a topless woman who holds a rifle and a tricolor flag. For 10 points, name this painting depicting the July Revolution by Eugene Delacroix.

liberty leading the people

A substance's tendency to dissolve in a nonpolar solvent, such as a fatty acid, is given this term. Substances with this ability do not form hydrogen bonds.

lipophilic

The disease abbreviated "NASH" affects this organ, the anatomy of which was first classified by Claude Couinaud. This organ secretes the majority of the body's angiotensinogen. The Cori cycle involves lactic acid moving to this organ. It's not skin, but many (*) infants experience a condition associated with this organ which results in yellowed skin. This organ can store glucose in the form of glycogen, which it can then release into the bloodstream via the hepatic vein. Excessive consumption of alcohol may lead to cirrhosis of this organ. For 10 points, name this organ that produces alkaline bile in order to digest lipids.

liver

Components of this entity classified as beta-spinel and gamma-spinel are wadsleyite and ringwoodite, and it can be studied by examining the compositions of xenoliths. The bottom portion of this entity's ultra-low velocity D double-prime layer is marked by a seismic velocity discontinuity named after Gutenberg. Largely comprised of olivine, this structure's upper boundary is the Mohorovicic (Mo-ho-ro-vee-chick) Discontinuity, and its convection currents drive the movements of tectonic plates. For 10 points, name this region of the earth between the crust and the outer core.

mantle

Name this process in which a cell is separated into two genetically identical daughter cells. The stages of this process include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

mitosis

The osphradium is a sensory organ in members of this phylum, and conchiolin is secreted by epithelial cells in members of this phylum to form the periostratum. They're not arthropods, but members of this phylum use hemocyanins to transport oxygen. A structure in members of this phylum consists of the (*) odontophore and cuticula and is used for feeding. That structure is the radula. Members of this phylum can use their mantle cavity for breathing and movement, and they have a muscular foot. Cephalopods and bivalves are classes in this phylum. For 10 points, name this phylum including snails, mussels, and octopuses.

mollusks

Some of these entities decussate at the bases of pyramidal cells. These cells can form tracts and are divided into commissural, association, and projection fibers. All mechanoreceptors are this type of cell. Some groups of these cells are called ganglia. Reflex arcs are made from two or more of these cells. Grey matter and white matter, which differ in myelin content, are tissues made of these cells. For 10 points, name these cells that comprise the brain and spinal cord and transmit electrical impulses through synapses.

neurons

The "robe" and "sword" were two types of this French social group. They were exempt from most taxes and comprised the Second Estate

nobility

One of these things was called an ónoma in Ancient Greece, and X-bar theory replaced one which said "S" is equivalent to "VP" plus one of these things. Determiners are combined with these things, which usually serve as specifiers in inflectional phrases. In many European languages, the word for these things is a cognate of "substantive." Some languages distinguish the​ (*) alienable and inalienable types of these things. Nominalization results in certain words becoming these things. In a typical English sentence structure, the predicate directs a type of this part of speech called the subject. For 10 points, name these parts of speech, usually described as people, places, or things.

nouns

Beowulf is thought to be the oldest surviving epic poem in this specific language. Other works in this language include The Battle of Maldon and the Nine Herbs Charm.

old English

Traditional songs sung on this holiday include "A Dir Hu" and "Chad Gadya." In a song associated with this holiday, people repeat, "[I]t would have been enough." People who celebrate this holiday place ten drops of wine on their plates with a finger or small spoon. Before this holiday, adherents cleanse their homes of (*) chametz. During this holiday, the youngest child traditionally asks, "Why is this night different from all other nights?" This holiday's English name is derived from the action that the Angel of Death did due to smears of lamb's blood. For 10 points, name this Jewish holiday that celebrates the passage of the Jews out of Egypt.

passover

The motion of these things can be approximated by simple harmonic motion via the small-angle approximation. One of these things consists of a mass hanging from a string and allowed to swing freely.

pendulums

In one opera, a soprano saxophone and bass clarinet underscore a section that describes one of these objects, which follows the "Prematurely Air-Conditioned Supermarket." In one work about these objects, a D-flat major triad followed by a B major triad is repeated four times with rapid crescendo and diminuendo. An eighth-note triplet begins a col legno ostinato in​ (*) 5/4 time in one work about these objects, which ends with an offstage fade-out chorus. It's not a star, but one of these objects appears with Richard Strauss' "Sunrise" in a Stanley Kubrick film, and others are described as "mystic" and "bringers of war" in a seven-movement work. For 10 points, name these celestial objects celebrated in a Gustav Holst suite.

planets

If an electrode is inserted into one of these substances, its potential is constrained by a Debye sheath. The Z and theta forms of the Bennett pinch can be used to constrain these substances. ​They're not superconductors, but ​the conductivity of these substances can be considered infinite. In some​ (*) fusion reactors, these substances are constrained into loops using particle beams or magnetic fields. Other forms of constraining these substances include the tokamak. These substances only naturally occur on earth during lightning strikes. For 10 points, name this fourth state of matter with a higher energy than a gas.

plasma

Name this type of covalent bond that occurs when electrons are more attracted to one atom than to another.

polar

Sodium nitrate reacts with a salt of this metal in a double-replacement reaction to form regular saltpeter, which is this metal's nitrate.

potassium

Name this allegorical Sandro Botticelli painting set in a dark forest, in which Zephyrus kidnaps Chloris as she transforms into the goddess of spring. In this painting, the three Graces wear white robes and dance in a circle

primavera

This phenomenon occurs when a system is exposed to a wave of a certain frequency, causing it to oscillate at a greater amplitude. On string instruments, this phenomenon causes strings that share overtones to vibrate simultaneously.

resonance

This type of tax is charged by a government on the final exchange of a finished good and may be calculated at a cash register.

sales tax

Identify these events which have also affected Sandy Hook and Virginia Tech and often result in the deaths of students and teachers

school shootings

Name this type of motion in which the displacement and restoring force are directly proportional and have opposite directions

simple harmonic

Lord Dunmore issued Dunmore's Proclamation, which ensured freedom to these people if they fought for the crown in the Revolutionary War

slaves

In the​ Mahabharata​,​ ​Indra agrees not to kill one of these animals with anything dry or wet, or at day or night, but finds a loophole by killing him with sea foam at twilight. Visha has one of these animals named Vasuki on his neck, and a Minoan goddess was often depicted holding two of these animals in her hands. In ​(*) Australian mythology, this kind of animal lives in waterholes that never dry up and represent rainbows. In Norse myth, one of these animals was slain by Thor and had encircled the world. One of these animals created from spit and dirt by Isis bit Ra. For 10 points, name these animals, one of which tricked Eve into eating the Forbidden Fruit.

snake

Name this salt with formula NaNO3 ("N A N O 3"). It is also known as Chile saltpeter

sodium nitrate

The acronym CLORPT can be used to remember the factors affecting the development of these materials, as per a state equation formulated by Hans Jenny. Edaphic endemics are organisms only found near one type of these materials. Components of these materials which are transported to different parts of them, sometimes forming cutans, are known as​ (*) illuvium. These materials formed by pedogenesis have layers called horizons and, when scattered by the wind, is called loess. A major component of these materials is humus and consists of decayed organic matter. For 10 points, name this material which can be sand, silt, or clay, and is colloquially called dirt.

soil

Adult cells which divide through mitosis are these cells that are not involved in the production of gametes. Their name does NOT refer to the number of chromosomes they contain.

somatic cells

An unconventional work in this form is "Nothing was ever what it claimed to be" by Karen Volkman, and another work in this form proclaims that the speaker has "never felt a calm so deep!" That one does not contain a volta, because it is the Italian type. Another poem in this form, a "Holy" one," is by John Donne and opens, "Death, be not proud." Many of these poems, including one which states, "My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun," were written for the "Dark Lady." Containing three quatrains and a couplet, for 10 points, identify these closed form poems in iambic pentameter, many of which were written by Shakespeare.

sonnet

The Frisch-Smith experiment confirmed some elements of this theory by observing the lifetime of muons, and the Hafele-Keating experiment helped confirm this theory. In a coordinate transformation related to this theory, a quantity symbolized gamma equals the reciprocal of the square root of one minus v squared over (*) c squared. That quantity is the Lorentz factor. This theory holds the invariance of mass across reference frames, and it predicts time dilation and length contraction near the speed of light. For 10 points, name this theory postulated in 1905 by Albert Einstein that E=mc 2 , which preceded a related "general" theory.

special relativity

Hobbes used this two word phrase, meaning "greatest evil," to refer to the fear of death, but rejected the existence of its opposite, the greatest good.

summum malum

Tornadoes often develop from these particularly large and rare rotating thunderstorms, which contain a persistent updraft

supercells

The Qur'an is split into 114 of these chapters, which are then further divided into verses. Famous examples of these chapters include "The Cow" and "The Cave."

sura

The gabelle and corvée ("cor-VAY") were types of these economic measures, and the intendant systems in both Bourbon dynasties collected them. Name these government levies on goods.

taxes

One argument for atheism was developed by Bertrand Russell and argues that just because one cannot disprove the idea that one of these objects orbits the Sun does not mean he should expect anyone to believe so without proof.

teapot

This quantity is determined to be non-zero by an accelerating reference frame through a vacuum in the Unruh effect. This quantity for electrons following a certain probability distribution is multiplied by the number density and the Boltzmann constant to find the plasma pressure. This quantity can be measured on the (*) Rankine scale, and changes in it for air cause mirages. This quantity for an enclosed gas is directly proportional to pressure, according to Gay-Lussac's law, and it is multiplied by the number of moles and a constant symbolized R on one side of the ideal gas law. For 10 points, name this quantity that can be measured on the Kelvin scale.

temperature

The artist of this painting painted another version of it with its key objects split into fragments, titled "The Disintegration" of this painting. Name this painting, which some theorized to represent the Theory of Special Relativity.

the persistence of memory

Cash gives this number of reasons for building his mother's coffin on a bevel in As I Lay Dying, and the most famous work by Jay Asher has this number in the title. The clocks strike this number at the beginning of 1984. The speaker of one poem with this number in its title states, "I do not know which to prefer, / The (*) beauty of inflections / Or the beauty of innuendoes." That poem with this number of sections opens with "Among twenty snowy mountains, / The only moving thing / Was the eye" of the title animal. For 10 points, name the number Wallace Stevens thinks there are of "Ways of Looking at a Blackbird," also a common motif in horror novels.

thirteen

Optimal surfactant doses can be determined using one type of this technique relying on the instability of colloids near the point at which zeta potential is insignificant. This technique is used in the Winkler test to study water samples, and its "redox" type uses​ (*) potassium permanganate. One variant of this process innovated by Karl Fischer is used to detect small quantities of water. In this process, starch and methyl orange are examples of indicators used to determine the equivalence point of a chemical reaction. For 10 points, name this technique performed with a burette which is used to find a solution's concentration.

titration

The complexometric form of this process depends on the formation of coordinate covalent bonds to metal cations. The Winkler test uses this process to detect dissolved oxygen, while another type of this process is performed on colloids and emulsions, and seeks to find those substances' zeta potentials. A crucial step in this process involves analyzing a sigmoid graph and finding its inflection point. This process utilizes a burette, which adds a reactant to an analyte until the equivalence point is reached. For 10 points, name this procedure used to find the concentration of a solution.

titration

The ratio of this quantity to the maximum shear stress on a beam is equal to the polar version of an another quantity. In a magnetic dipole, this quantity is equal to the cross product of the dipole with the magnetic field, and in a loop of wire this quantity equals the product of current, magnetic field, and the area of the loop. In a (*) lever in equilibrium, this quantity has a net value of zero. This quantity is equal to moment of inertia times angular acceleration and is also the time derivative of angular momentum. In a pulley, this quantity is equal to the tension of the rope times the radius of the disk. For 10 points, name this quantity that is the rotational analog of force.

torque

These mostly-paramagnetic elements exhibit at least two oxidation states, and compounds containing them are often bright-colored due to the movement of their electrons across different energy states. They include groups 3-12 on the Periodic Table

transition metals

A specific number of fatty acids combine with a certain polyol compound to form these molecules. These esters are a subset of lipids which, depending on whether their fatty acids are saturated, may be considered oils or fats.

triglyceride

Two people with this relationship helped the Argonauts defeat King Amycus and invade the city of Iolcus; those two people were called the Dioscuri. Two people with this relationship turned their half brothers into the Howler Monkey Gods, and defeated a bird demon named Vucub-Caquix, or "Seven-Macaw." A set of these individuals that escaped the underworld by playing a ballgame was known as the "Hero" example of these entities. One set of these people were suckled by a she-wolf and later founded a city on the Palatine Hill. For 10 points, name this relation shared by the Greek deities Apollo and Artemis.

twins

Maybe you're suffering from the peptic type of this problem, which can be caused by H. pylori bacteria. These membrane discontinuities often occur in the stomach and can be caused by stress.

ulcers

Name this economic concept which describes the amount of satisfaction gained by a customer from a good, as expressed by personal preferences.

utility

Another Canadian recording musician, Lara St. John, set up her own studio for her recordings on this instrument. She struck controversy with a mostly nude photo on her album cover for Bach's Partitas for this instrument.

violin

Name these objects that can be modeled by the sine or cosine functions. They're defined by quantities such as amplitude and period.

waves

In one work, Boomer comments on the awkwardness of one of these animals. A man makes a distinction between "Lockean" and "Kantean" examples of these animals, which the cook Fleece prepares for Stubb in one work. In one novel, "gams" are meetings between groups hunting these animals like the ​Samuel Enderby​. One character uses a bone from this animal as a​ (*) prosthetic leg, and hunters of them include a Parsee named Fedallah. A white one of these animals has taken off the leg of the captain of the Pequod, Ahab, leading to a voyage narrated by Ishmael. For 10 points, identify these large aquatic mammals, one of whom titles the Herman Melville novel Moby-Dick.

whale

This shark species is the largest living fish species, and its members use filter pads and gill slits for filter feeding. This species is the only member of the genus Rhincodon.

whale shark

The Hephthalites, a group nicknamed for this color, defeated the Sassanids and invaded India before being defeated by the Gupta Dynasty. A revolt from 1796 to 1804 is usually named for this color and was led by the same sect behind the Red Turban Rebellion. ​(*) Tuberculosis historically was associated with this color. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown as the last shah of Iran in a revolution named for this color. The longer branch of the Nile is named for this color, which is also the color of the Cliffs of Dover. For 10 points, name this color that describes the U.S. presidential residence.

white

It's not snow, but this phenomenon is involved in the formation of gastrugi. Based on the time of day at which it is present, this phenomenon can be classified as "land" or "sea," and the station model represents this phenomenon in part with flags. This phenomenon forms systems named for (*) Hadley and Ferrel, known as cells. Sudden examples of this phenomenon, which are measured by the Beaufort scale, include the squamish and willawaw. One prevailing form of this phenomenon which is often called either "wet" or "dry" and travels across South Asia is a monsoon. For 10 points, give this phenomenon that names a meteorological "chill," which can be classified as a breeze or gale.

wind

In the first half of The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh and Enkidu try to kill Humbaba, the guardian of the Cedar Forest. They are aided by the god Shamash, who sends 13 of these things to bind Humbaba.

winds

The fourth surah in the Qur'an concerns this group of people. That surah titled for this group of people focuses on the unity of humanity, as well as the punishments for hypocrites.

women

This four-word slogan used to promote Java points to the goal of Sun Microsystems to eliminate recompilation. Due to the premise described by this slogan, abbreviated WORA, most devices have Java virtual machines.

write once, run anywhere

A "Scotch" type of this device can also be used to produce simple harmonic motion. More generally, this device is used in an agricultural context to help two animals, such as oxen, move a mass together.

yoke