再要你命3000 详细释义 List 11 to 20

orthodox

【考法1】 adj. 传统的： following or agreeing with established form, custom, or rules 【例】 He believes in the benefits of both orthodox medicine and alternative medicine. 他既相信传统药物又 相信替代药物的效用。 【近】 ceremonial, conventional, regular, routine 【反】 casual, freewheeling, informal, irregular, unceremonious, unconventional, unorthodox 不常见的

infinite

【考法1】 adj. 无尽的，无限的： having no boundaries or limits 【例】 the idea of an infinite universe 无限宇宙的概念 【近】 endless, boundless, limitless, immeasurable, unfathomable 【反】 finite 有限的；bounded, circumscribed, confined, definite, limited, restricted 有界限的，受限的 【派】 infinity n. 无限

judicious

【考法1】 adj. 明智的，慎重的： having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent 【例】 a judicious choice 明智的抉择 【近】 intelligent, judgmatic, prudent, tactical, wise 【反】 daft, imprudent, inadvisable, inexpedient, indiscrete, impolitic, unwise 愚蠢的，轻率的

manifest

【考法1】 adj. 显然的，明显易懂的： clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious 【例】 He is a manifest poseur. 他显然是个装模作样的人 【近】 apparent, clear, distinct, evident, lucid, obvious, palpable, patent, perspicuous, plain, transparent 【反】 cryptic, enigmatic, indistinct, mysterious, obfuscated, obscure, unclear 晦涩的，难懂的 【考法2】 v. 显现，显露： to make evident or certain by showing or displaying 【例】 His frustration is often manifested by a minor facial tic. 他的沮丧通常会从脸部的细微抽搐中表现出来 【近】 bespeak, betray, demonstrate, display, evince, expose, reveal 【反】 conceal, hide 隐藏 【派】 manifesto n. 宣言，声明

labyrinthine

【考法1】 adj. 迷宫似的，复杂曲折的： of, relating to, resembling, or constituting a labyrinth; extremely complex or tortuous in structure 【例】 The labyrinthine political situation of Middle East left us totally befuddled. 中东地区复杂迷离的政治局势 让我们彻底迷惑了 【近】 baroque, byzantine, complicate, complicated, convoluted, intricate, involved, knotty, sophisticated, tangled 【反】 easy, effortless, plain, simple 容易的，明显的

lethal

【考法1】 adj. 非常有害的，致命的： extremely harmful; devastating 【例】 This dagger is lethal. 这把匕首是致命的武器‖launched a lethal attack 发动了致命的进攻 【近】 baleful, deadly, deathly, fatal, mortal, murderous, pestilent, terminal, vital 【反】 innocuous 无害的； healthy, salubrious, wholesome 有益健康的

mishap

【考法1】 n. 不幸之事： an unfortunate accident 【例】 Mishap followed wherever he went. 不论他走到哪里，厄运总是形影相随 【近】 adversity, calamity, cataclysm, catastrophe, disaster, ill, mischance, misfortune, tragedy 【反】 fortune, luck, serendipity 幸事

mirth

【考法1】 n. 欢乐，欢笑： gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with laughter 【例】 a man of little mirth 不苟言笑之人 【近】 cheer, festivity, gaiety, glee, happiness, hilarity, jocundity, joviality, lightheartedness 【反】 dejection, depression, desolation, despondence, doldrums, melancholy, oppression 沮丧，忧伤 【派】 mirthful adj. 高兴的

patriot

【考法1】 n. 爱国者： one who loves his or her country and supports its authority and interests 【例】 The USA PATRIOT Act has generated a great deal of controversy since its enactment. 自实施之日起，美 国的《爱国者法案》就产生了大量的争议‖a fanatical patriot 狂热的爱国者 【近】 loyalist, nationalist, partisan 【反】 apostate, recreant, renegade, traitor, turncoat 叛徒；insurgent, mutineer, rebel 叛乱者 【派】 patriotism n. 爱国主义

penalty

【考法1】 n. （对罪行的）处罚： a punishment established by law or authority for a crime or offense 【例】 The maximum penalty is 7 years' imprisonment. 最为严厉的惩罚是七年的有期徒刑 【近】 fine, forfeit, punishment, retribution 【反】 honor, reward 奖励 【派】 penalize v. 处以惩罚

perambulate

【考法1】 v. 徒步穿越，走过： to travel over or through especially on foot for exercise or pleasure 【例】 We decided to lazily perambulate the entire length of the esplanade and enjoy the fresh air. 我们决定悠 哉地徒步走过滨海大道，享受清新的空气 【近】 amble, cross, go, navigate, pass, peregrinate, proceed, ramble, transit, travel, traverse ambulate: v. to move form place to place

negotiate

【考法1】 vi. 商量，谈判： to arrange or settle by discussion and mutual agreement 【例】 negotiate the term of truce 共商停战事宜 【近】 arrange, bargain, concert, settle 【反】 break down （谈判等）失败，破产 【考法2】 vi. 谋划： plan out usually with subtle skill or care 【例】 The prisoners negotiated their escape by using Morse code to tap messages to each other through the walls. 犯人们通过敲击墙壁来传达莫尔斯电码，从而密谋了他们的逃跑计划 【近】 contrive, finesse, frame, machinate, maneuver, manipulate, mastermind, wangle 【派】 negotiable adj. 可商量的；negotiation n. 谈判

loll

【考法1】 vi. 懒洋洋地行动： to act or move in a lax, lazy, or indolent manner 【例】 He lolled back in his comfortable chair. 他懒洋洋地倚在他舒适的椅子上 【近】 slouch, lounge 【考法2】 vi. 偷懒，打发时间： to spend time doing nothing 【例】 Some members of the decorating committee were hard at work, and others were just lolling about. 装 修队的一部分人在很努力的工作，另一些则在偷懒 【近】 dally, dawdle, drone, laze

rebuff

【考法1】 vt. 严词拒绝： to reject or criticize sharply 【例】 rebuffed an invitation from her colleagues 回绝了同事们的邀请‖She rebuffed him when he asked her for a date. 她拒绝了他约会的邀请。 【近】 decline, deny, refuse, reject, repudiate, repulse, snub, spurn 【反】 accept 接受；approve 赞同；welcome 欢迎

polarize

【考法1】 vt. 使分开对立，两极分化： to break up into opposing factions or groupings 【例】 The controversy has polarized voters into pro-abortion and anti-abortion groups. 这个问题使得选民分 化成支持堕胎和反对堕胎两个群体。 【近】 bifurcate, diverge, divide 【反】 coalesce, unite 合并，联合 【派】 polarization n. 两极分化；极化

muffle

【考法1】 vt. 使消声： to wrap or pad in order to deaden the sound 【例】 close the window to muffle the outside noises 关上窗户以减少外界的噪音 【近】 attenuate, dampen, deaden, mute, soften, stifle, suppress 【反】 amplify, enhance, magnify 放大，增强 【派】 muffler n. 围巾；消音器

lubricate

【考法1】 vt. 使润滑： to coat (something) with a slippery substance in order to reduce friction 【例】 lubricate the gears 给齿轮打润滑油 【近】 grease, oil, slick, smooth, wax 【派】 lubricant n.润滑剂

obstruct

【考法1】 vt. 妨碍，制造困难： to impede, retard, or interfere with; hinder; to create difficulty for the work or activity of 【例】 He was charged with obstructing justice by lying to investigators. 他被指控向检察官说谎，妨碍司法。 【近】 encumber, fetter, handicap, hinder, impede, inhibit, stymie, interfere with 【反】 facilitate, abet, aid, assist 促进，帮助 【考法2】 vt. 阻挡： to prevent passage through by filling with something 【例】 an unobstructed view 无阻碍的视野 【近】 occlude 堵塞 【反】 clear, free, open up, unblock, unclog, unplug, unstop obscure: adj. dark, shrouded in or hidden by darkness; not readily understand or clearly expressed

intimidate

【考法1】 vt. 威吓： to make timid or fearful, frighten 【例】 refused to be intimidated by the manager 对经理的恐吓不为所动 【近】 browbeat, bully, coerce, cow, frighten, hector, terrify 【反】 blandish, cajole, coax 用花言巧语讨好 【派】 intimidation n. 恐吓

menace

【考法1】 vt. 威胁，使处于危险： to make a show of intention to harm; to place in danger 【例】 Stockpiles of nuclear weapons that continue to menace the inhabitants of this planet. 大量的核武器持续地威胁着这个行星上的居民 【近】 compromise, hazard, imperil, jeopardize, peril, risk, threaten 【反】 rescue, save 救出 【派】 menacing adj. 带有威胁的

incubate

【考法1】 vt. 孵化： to cover and warm eggs as the young inside develop 【例】 The hen incubated her eggs for two weeks. 母鸡孵蛋两周 【近】 brood, hatch, sit 【考法2】 vt. 帮助，培养，促进： to cause or aid the development of 【例】 Hopefully, these youthful visits to the museum will incubate an enduring love of art. 我们希望年轻时参观博物馆能够培养他们对于艺术的持久热爱 【近】 advance, cultivate, encourage, forward, further, nourish, nurse, nurture, promote 【反】 check, discourage, frustrate, hinder, impede, inhibit, obstruct, retard, shackle 妨碍，阻碍 【派】 incubator n. 恒温箱；incubation n. 孵化，孵卵

proofread

【考法1】 vt. 校对： to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark corrections 【例】 She proofread the paper carefully. 她仔细把论文校对了。

milk

【考法1】 vt. 榨取（财富、信息等）： to draw or coerce profit or advantage from illicitly or to an extreme degree 【例】 milk the workers 从工人身上榨取好处‖The interrogators milked the arrested spy, but he was dry. 审 问者想尽办法套被捕间谍的话，但是无功而返 【近】 drain, exploit

promulgate

【考法1】 vt. 正式宣布： to make known openly or publicly 【例】 The law was promulgated in June 1988. 法律在1988 年6 月出台。 【近】 annunciate, declare, enunciate, proclaim, publicize, herald 【反】 keep secret 保密

plumb

【考法1】 vt. 测深度： to measure the depth of (as a body of water) typically with a weighted line 【例】 We will plumb the bay to make sure it was deep enough for the huge vessel. 为了确证水深足够容纳这艘巨轮，我们将会测量海湾的深度。‖questions that plumb the depths of stupidity 测量智商下限的问题 【近】 fathom 【考法2】 adj. 垂直的： exactly vertical 【近】 perpendicular, upright, vertical 【反】 horizontal 水平的 【考法3】 adj. 完全的，绝对的： having no exceptions or restrictions 【派】 Such a movie is plumb trash and further evidence of the deterioration of popular culture. 这样的电影就是彻头彻尾的垃圾，它进一步证明了大众文化的堕落和腐化。 【近】 absolute, categorical, complete, consummate, definite, pure, sheer, thorough, utter, very 【反】 doubtful, dubious, equivocal, questionable, uncertain 不确定的；qualified 有条件的 【考法4】 v. 仔细深入地检查： to examine closely or deeply 【例】 plumbing the book's complexities 审阅这本书的复杂度 【近】 explore, delve, inquire, investigate, probe

leaven

【考法1】 vt. 用轻松、活泼或变更的影响力来充斥： to mingle or permeate with some modifying, alleviating, or vivifying element 【例】 He needs to leaven his speeches with more humor. 他需要在演讲中再加入点幽默元素。 【近】 imbue, infuse, ingrain, inoculate, inspire, permeate, steep, suffuse 【反】 extract 抽取

pirate

【考法1】 vt. 盗版，盗用： to take or make use of under a guise of authority but without actual right 【例】 a pirated version of the software 盗版软件 【近】 arrogate, commandeer, convert, expropriate, preempt, press, seize, usurp 【考法2】 n. 海盗： a robber on the high seas 【例】 little boys dreaming of sailing as pirates 梦想成为海盗的小男孩 【近】 corsair, freebooter, rover

inveigle

【考法1】 vt. 诱骗： to win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful talk 【例】 inveigle consumers into buying the item 诱骗顾客购买商品 【近】 allure, bait, decoy, entice, entrap, seduce, tempt 【反】 demand 强求 【派】 inveigling adj. 诱骗性的记 in + veil 面纱→盖上面纱，蒙住眼，蒙骗

parry

【考法1】 vt. 躲避（问题）： to evade especially by an adroit answer 【例】 He parried the embarrassing question with a clever reply. 他以巧妙的回答躲避了这个令人尴尬的问题 【近】 avoid, dodge, elude, eschew, evade, finesse, scape, shirk, shun 【反】 confront, face, meet 面对；embrace 欣然接受 parrot 鹦鹉 prate: v. chat, chatter quarry n. 猎物目标；采石场

persecute

【考法1】 vt. 迫害，折磨： to cause persistent suffering to 【例】 people who were persecuted simply for practicing their religious faith 因为实践宗教信仰而惨遭迫害的人 【近】 agonize, anguish, curse, excruciate, harrow, plague, rack, torment, torture 【派】 persecution n. 迫害

obsess

【考法1】 vt. 迷住，使困扰： to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of 【例】 The war obsesses her—she talks about nothing else. 她被战争彻底迷住了，张口闭口都谈这个。 【反】 intense disgust 极度厌恶

ostracize

【考法1】 vt. 驱逐： to exclude from a group 【例】 He was ostracized from the scientific community for many years because of his radical political beliefs. 他因激进的政治理想被驱逐出了科学界很多年。 【近】 banish, bounce, chase, dismiss, expel, extrude, oust, boot out, cast out, run off, drum out, kick out, throw out, turf out 【反】 take in, include, embrace, welcome 接纳

ratify

【考法1】 vt. （官方地）认可，批准： to give official acceptance of as satisfactory 【例】 Lincoln's home state of Illinois was the first to ratify the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which provided for the abolition of slavery. 林肯的老家——伊利诺伊是美国第一个通过《宪法第十三修正案》的州，该决案提供了废除奴隶制的法律基础。 【近】 accredit, approbate, authorize, certify, endorse, finalize, formalize, pass, sanction, validate, warrant 【反】 decline, deny, disallow, disapprove, negative, reject, veto 否决 【派】 ratification n. 正式批准

parrot

【考法1】 vt. （机械地）模仿，复制： to repeat or imitate, especially without understanding，鹦鹉 【例】 parrot others blindly 盲目地人云亦云 【近】 copy, ditto, duplicate, echo, quote 【反】 coin, create, devise, invent 创造

placate

【考法1】 vt. （通过让步以）平息抚慰： to lessen the anger or agitation of 【例】 The colonists implemented a new policy to placate local opposition 殖民者采取新政策以缓和当地的反 抗情绪。 【近】 appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, pacify, propitiate, tranquilize 【反】 anger, enrage, foment, gall, incense, inflame, infuriate, peeve, rile 激怒，使气恼 【派】 placation n. 安抚

inculpate

【考法1】 vt.归罪于： incriminate 【近】 charge, criminate, inculpate, indict 【反】 absolve, acquit, exculpate, exonerate, vindicate 免罪

nonplus

【考法1】 vt.迷惑，困惑： use to be at a loss as to what to say, think, or do: perplex 【例】 I was nonplussed by his openly expressed admiration of me. 我被她公开表现的仰慕弄得很窘迫。 【近】 confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, mortify, abash, faze, fluster

gaudy

【考法1】adj. 俗丽的： ostentatiously or tastelessly ornamented, excessively showy 【例】gaudy movie posters 俗丽的电影海报 【近】 blatant, brazen, flashy, garish, glaring, meretricious, tawdry 【反】 austere, homely, plain 朴素的；conservative, understated, unflamboyant, unflashy 不张扬的

jarring

【考法1】adj. 刺耳的： harsh or discordant 【例】 the final chord of that song is too jarring for me 那首歌最后的合声部分太刺耳了 【近】 astounding, blindsiding, jolting, startling, stunning 【反】 melodious 音调优美的 【考法2】adj. 震惊的： causing a strong emotional reaction because of unexpectedness 【例】 the jarring news that major financial institutions were on the verge of collapse 有消息称主要的几个金融机构处于倒闭的边缘，真是让人震惊 【近】 amazing, astonishing, astounding, blindsiding, dumbfounding, flabbergasting, jaw-dropping, jolting, shocking, startling, stunning 音:轧，嘎,喳，圆轴或轮子辗压在物体发出的轧轧声

heinous

【考法1】adj. 可憎的，十恶不赦的： hatefully or shockingly evil, abominable 【例】 a heinous crime 十恶不赦的罪行 【反】 commendable 值得赞美的【记】 音：hein 狠 + ou 恶 + s 死；它太恶，狠死它了

glib

【考法1】adj. 流利圆滑的（常含有不真诚或欺诈的成分），油腔滑调的：marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful 【例】a glib politician 油嘴滑舌的政客 【近】 nonchalant, oily 【反】 taciturn 沉默寡言的；awkward笨拙的 【考法2】adj. 缺乏深度的，肤浅的： lacking depth and substance 【例】glib solutions to the knotty problem 对复杂难解问题的肤浅的解决方案 【近】 cursory, shallow, superficial 【反】 abstruse, deep, profound 深奥的，深刻的

glutinous

【考法1】adj. 胶状的，粘的：of the nature of or resembling glue 【例】glutinous liquid 胶状液体 【近】 adherent, adhesive, cloggy, gluey, sticky, tenacious, viscid 【反】 fluid 流体的

headlong

【考法1】adj. 鲁莽的： without deliberation 【例】 terrified forest creatures in a headlong retreat from the rapidly spreading fire 受惊的动物们惊慌失措地从不断蔓延的森林大火中逃离出来 【近】 cursory, overhasty, precipitate, precipitous, rash, pell-mell, helter-skelter 【反】 deliberate, unhurried, unrushed 深思熟虑的

gust

【考法1】n. 情感爆发： a sudden intense expression of strong feeling 【例】 the stressed-out coworker cried out with a gust of emotion 压力巨大的同事开始嚎啕大哭 【近】 burst, ebullition, eruption, explosion, flush, gush

illiteracy

【考法1】n. 文盲： the condition of being unable to read and write 【例】 a nationwide campaign against illiteracy 全国扫盲运动 【近】 ignorance 【反】 learning, literacy 受过教育 【派】 illiterate adj. 不识字的

iconoclast

【考法1】n. 特立独行的人： a person who does not conform to generally accepted standards or customs 【例】 He was an iconoclast who refused to be bound by tradition. 他是个不愿被传统所束缚的叛逆者 【近】 bohemian, deviant, heretic, maverick, non-conformer 【反】 conformer, conformist 循规蹈矩的人 【派】 iconoclastic adj. 特立独行的

hesitance

【考法1】n. 犹豫，不情愿： the quality or state of being hesitant, reluctance 【例】 sales figures for the month were up, as consumers began to overcome their hesitance about purchasing big-ticket items 月销售额有所上涨，因为消费者对于大件商品的购买由观望转向消费 【近】 faltering, indecision, irresolution, vacillation, wavering, wobbling 【反】 alacrity, impetuosity, inclination, willingness 冲动，乐意

hubris

【考法1】n. 狂妄自大： exaggerated pride or self-confidence 【例】 His failure was brought on by his hubris. 就是他的狂妄自大才导致了失败。 【反】 humility 谦逊【记】 hub + rise 中心升起，以自我为中心；husband丈夫，大丈夫的大男子态度 + rise

gladiator

【考法1】n. 角斗士： a person engaged in a fight to the death as public entertainment for ancient Romans 【例】He comes to Rome as a gladiator to seek revenge. 他化成角斗士来到罗马寻求复仇 【近】 fighter, belligerent, combatant 【考法2】n. 参与打斗或辩论的人： a person engaging in a public fight or controversy 【近】 boxer

glut

【考法1】v. 使过量，使充满： to fill beyond capacity, especially with food 【例】glut himself with Sushi 吃寿司吃撑了 【近】 cloy, cram, fill, satiate, surfeit, oversupply, sate 【反】 lack 缺乏 【派】 glutted adj. 饱和的

goggle

【考法1】v. 凝视： to look long and hard in wonder or surprise 【例】goggled at the characters on the stele 凝视碑文的字眼 【近】 blink, gawk, gaze, peer, stare 【反】 glance, glimpse 瞥视

implode

【考法1】v. 剧烈收缩，坍缩，内爆： to collapse inward violently 【例】 The flask imploded during the vacuum distilling. 做低压蒸馏的时候烧瓶发生了内爆 【近】 buckle, founder, tumble, yield 【反】 explode 外爆，爆炸

plagiarize

【考法1】v. 剽窃，抄袭：to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own 【例】 In scientific community, plagiarizing other's paper is a felony. 在学术界，剽窃他人的论文是一项重罪。 【近】 steal 【派】 plagiarism n. 剽窃

improvise

【考法1】v. 即兴而作： to invent, compose, or perform with little or no preparation 【例】 Since the award was a complete surprise, I improvised an acceptance speech. 因为那个奖项完全是个惊喜，所以我即兴发表了一个获奖演说 【近】 ad-lib, extemporize 【反】 plan, premeditate 计划，预先考虑

harangue

【考法1】v. 发表长篇大论： a long pompous speech, especially one delivered before a gathering 【例】She harangued us for hours about the evils of popular culture. 她向我们絮叨了好几小时，批判流行文化的堕落。 【近】 diatribe, harangue, jeremiad, philippic, rant 【反】 speak temperately 有节制地说话

gainsay

【考法1】v. 否认： to declare false 【近】 deny, contradict, contravene, naysay 【反】 acknowledge, admit, avow, concede 承认；affirm 证实 【考法2】vt. 反对： to oppose, especially by contradiction 【例】No one dare to gainsay him. 没人敢反驳他 【近】 disagree, refute, reject, repudiate 【反】 concur 同意

imbibe

【考法1】v. 喝水，摄取水分： to take in (something liquid) through small openings 【例】Plants can imbibe water through their roots. 植物可以通过它们的根摄取水分 【近】 drink, guzzle, hoist, quaff, sip, sponge 【反】 urinate 排尿

jape

【考法1】v. 嘲弄： to say or do something jokingly or mockingly 【例】 The characters in Oscar Wilde's plays jape with a sophistication that is rarely encountered in real life. 奥斯卡·王尔德戏剧作品中的角色用一种十分世故的态度进行嘲讽，而这种态度在真实生活当中是很少见的 【近】 jest, quip, wisecrack, banter, chaff, gag, jive, jolly, josh 【反】 revere 尊敬

gush

【考法1】v. 大量涌出： to flow forth suddenly in great volume 【例】 water gushing from the hydrant 水从消防栓中喷出 【近】 exodus, outpour, outpouring, spout 【反】 dribble, drip, drop, trickle 涓涓细流，滴 【考法2】vi. 感情强烈外溢： to make an exaggerated display of affection or enthusiasm 【例】 an aunt gushing over the baby 对着婴儿母爱泛滥的姑姑 【近】 drool, effuse, enthuse, fuss, rave, slobber

impede

【考法1】v. 妨碍，阻碍： to interfere with or slow the progress of 【例】 Storms at sea impeded our expedition. 海上的风暴阻碍了我们的远征 【近】 clog, embarrass, encumber, fetter, hinder, inhibit, obstruct, retard, shackle, stymie, trammel 【反】 aid, assist, facilitate, help 促进，帮助 【派】impediment n. 障碍，阻碍

hammer

【考法1】v. 屡次重申： to make repeated efforts especially :to reiterate an opinion or attitude. 【例】 the lectures all hammered away at the same points 整场讲座都是在阐述相同论点|| hammered the information into the students' heads把这条信息反复向学生们强调

gripe

【考法1】v. 抱怨： to express dissatisfaction, pain, or resentment usually tiresomely 【例】 All workers were griping about the new regulations. 所有的工人都在抱怨新规章。 【近】 carp, fuss, grouch, grouse, grumble, wail 【反】 crow, delight, rejoice 欢快，喜悦 【考法2】v. 通过连续让人讨厌的举动激怒，惹怒： to disturb the peace of mind of (someone) especially by repeated disagreeable acts 【例】 constant complaints from the customers griped her to the point where she started snapping back 顾客持续的抱怨让她也到了爆点 【近】 aggravate, annoy, bother, chafe, exasperate, nettle, peeve, pique, rile, ruffle, vex

guzzle

【考法1】v. 狂饮： to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or habitually 【例】 guzzle beer 狂饮啤酒 【近】 gulp, quaff, swig, booze, soak, tipple

immure

【考法1】v. 监禁，禁闭： to confine within or as if within walls 【例】 immure oneself for GRE 闭门苦读GRE 【近】 bastille, confine, constrain, incarcerate, intern, jail, imprison 【反】 discharge, release释放；enfranchise, free, liberate 解放

hone

【考法1】v. 磨快： to sharpen or smooth with a whetstone 【例】 honed the knife's blade to razor-like sharpness 把小刀磨得像剃刀一样锋利|| honed his crossword-puzzle skills by reading the dictionary 通过背字典把填词游戏的水平练得炉火纯青 【近】 edge, grind, strop, whet 【反】 blunt, dull 弄钝

gear

【考法1】v. 调整（以配合）： to adjust or adapt so as to make suitable 【例】 geared the speech towards a conservative audience 调整演讲以适应保守的观众 【近】 adapt, adjust, fit, suit, tailor

hoard

【考法1】v. 贮藏，秘藏： to keep hidden or private 【例】 he's been hoarding empty yogurt containers all winter 他整个冬天都在攒空酸奶瓶 【近】 cache, stash, stockpile, store, squirrel, stockpile 【反】 lavish 挥霍

grimace

【考法1】v./n. a sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, disgust or disapproval 【例】 she made a grimace when she tasted the medicine 她尝了一口药，然后做了一个鬼脸 【近】 frown, moue, pout, scowl

hanker

【考法1】v./n. 向往，渴望： to have a strong or persistent desire: yearn 【例】 hankering for adventure 渴望冒险 【近】 appetite, craving, hunger, itch, longing, lust, passion, thirst, yearning 【反】 odium, lack of desire 讨厌

idolatrize

【考法1】v.（通常盲目）崇拜： admires intensely and often blindly 【例】 Some teenagers idolatrized Hitler more than their own parents. 曾经有一些青少年崇拜希特勒超过自己的父母 【近】 adore, adulate, canonize, deify, dote, worship 【反】 abhor, abominate, detest, dislike, hate, loathe 痛恨，憎恶 【派】 idolatry n. 崇拜

interlock

【考法1】vi. to become united or joined closely, as by hooking or dovetailing 【例】 The branches of the trees interlock to form a natural archway. 树枝相互缠绕在一起，形成了天然的拱门 【近】 associate, connect, join, link, unite 【反】 sunder 拆散 【派】 interlocking adj. 连锁的

hike

【考法1】vi. 上涨： to rise up, to move from a lower to a higher place or position 【例】 hike rents 涨租金 【近】boost, elevate, heighten, hoist, upraise 【反】 backset, drop, lower 倒退，下降

grandstand

【考法1】vi. 为了给人留下印象而表演，哗众取宠： to play or act so as to impress onlookers 【例】to grandstand on the stage 在舞台上哗众取宠 【近】 act, perform, pretend

hew

【考法1】vi. 遵守： confirm, adhere, to hold to something firmly as if by adhesion 【例】 hew to tradition 遵守传统 【近】adhere, cling, conform 【考法2】v. 支持： to give steadfast support to 【例】 no longer was able to hew to the party line and so he switched political parties不再赞同该党的纲领，他投奔了另一个党 【近】 cling to, keep to, stand by, stick to 【反】 defect from 脱离，叛变 hue: color

glisten

【考法1】vi. 闪光： to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster 【例】The calm sea glistened in the sunlight. 日光下平静的海面波光粼粼 【近】 flash, scintillate, sparkle, twinkle, winkle 【反】 dim 变得黯淡 【记】 晚上逛街时MM说：哥，listen, 星星在闪烁，MM眼睛也闪烁着幸福之光<br/>【另】 glitter 闪闪发光, 闪烁，闪光<br/>

jettison

【考法1】vt. 丢弃，投弃：to cast overboard or off 【例】 a ship jettisoning wastes 投弃废物的船 【近】 discard, dump, junk, scrap, throwing away 【反】 keep, retain 保留

invigorate

【考法1】vt. 使精神，使强壮，鼓舞激励： to impart vigor, strength, or vitality to 【例】news that invigorates the public 给大众打鸡血的新闻 【近】 animate, energize, fortify, reinforce, strengthen, vitalize 【反】 dampen, deaden, debilitate, emaciate, sap 使衰弱；demoralize 使士气衰落 【派】 invigorated adj. 精力充沛的

hasten

【考法1】vt. 促进： to speed up; accelerate 【例】 The man's death was hastened by alcohol abuse. 酗酒加速了老人的死亡。 【近】 accelerate, bundle, fast-track, rush, speed up 【反】 slow the progress of, check, retard, brake, decelerate, retard, slow down 阻碍，放慢

harness

【考法1】vt. 利用： utilize 【例】 harness the sun's rays as a source of energy 利用阳光作为一种能源 【近】 apply, employ, exercise, exploit, operate, utilize 【反】 fail to utilize 没能够利用

haunt

【考法1】vt. 常去拜访： to visit often; frequent 【例】 haunt the movie theater 常去影院 【近】 affect, habituate, visit, hang at, resort to 【反】 avoid, shun 避开 【考法2】vt. 不断地想起，萦绕心头： to come to mind continually; obsess 【例】 a riddle that haunted me all morning 整个早上萦绕在我心头的谜

importune

【考法1】vt. 恳求，迫切请求： to make a request to (someone) in an earnest or urgent manner 【例】 beggars importuning passers-by 在恳求着过路人的乞丐 【近】 appeal,beseech, besiege, conjure, entreat, impetrate, implore, petition, plead, pray, solicit, supplicate 【反】 demand 要求，强求

grieve

【考法1】vt. 感到悲伤： to feel deep sadness or mental pain 【例】 we all grieved over the lost cat 看到他这副样子真让我痛苦 【近】 agonize, anguish, suffer，bemoan, bewail, deplore 【反】delight, exult in, glory in, joy, rejoice in

harbor

【考法1】vt. 提供住处，隐匿： to provide a place, home, or habitat for 【例】 harbor a fugitive 隐匿逃亡者 【近】 accommodate, bestow, board, camp, chamber, domicile, lodge, quarter, take in, put up 【反】 evict 赶出 【考法2】v. 认为，牢记： to keep in one's mind or heart 【例】 he had long harbored a grudge against his old employer, who had fired him without cause 他对他的前老板一直耿耿于怀，无缘无故炒了他 【近】 bear, cherish, entertain, hold, nurse

harass

【考法1】v．烦扰： to irritate or torment persistently 【例】 The troops harrassed the defeated army throughout its retreat. 战胜的队伍在撤退过程中还不忘突袭一下败北的队伍。 【考法2】v. 耗尽体力： to use up all the physical energy of 【例】 had been visibly harassed by the demands of the presidency 总统被事务缠身，筋疲力尽 【近】 drain, fag, fatigue, outwear, tire, tucker out, wear out, knock out, burn out,

gloss

1. the property of being smooth and shiny (v,n) 2. provide an interlinear translation of a word or phrase (v,n) 【考法1】n. 简短解释： a brief explanation of a difficult or obscure word or expression 【近】 abstract, annotation, brief, epitome, synopsis 【反】 amplification 详解 【考法2】n. （欺骗性的）光鲜外表： a deceptively attractive external appearance 【例】used a computer to give her astrological predictions the gloss of real science 用计算机来给他的占星预测结果套上科学的外衣 【近】 façade, mask, veneer 【考法3】v. 敷衍潦草做事（甚至忽略）： to deal with (a subject or problem) too lightly or not at all 【例】gloss over the problems 不怎么理会这些问题 【近】 disregard, ignore, neglect, overlook 【反】 scrutinize 仔细研究 【考法4】v. 开脱（罪名）： to make (something) seem less bad by offering excuses 【例】I don't want to gloss over her misbehavior, but keep in mind that she's been under a lot of stress lately. 我不想为她的行为辩护，但是别忘了她最近压力很大 【近】 excuse, extenuate 【派】 glossary n. 术语表

gangly

【例】The suspect is a gangly high school boy. 嫌犯是一个瘦高的中学生 【近】 gangling, lanky, rangy, spindling, spindly 【反】 stalwart 壮实的

garrulous

【例】garrulous traveling companions 多话的旅伴 【近】 talkative, chatty, loquacious, verbose, voluble 【反】 laconic, reserved, reticent, taciturn 缄默的 【派】 garrulity n. 啰嗦

reactionary

【考法 1】 adj. 反对变革的，极保守的： characterized by reaction, especially opposition to progress or liberalism; extremely conservative 【例】 reactionary rulers 保守的统治者 【近】 brassbound, conservative, die-hard, hidebound, traditionalistic, ultraconservative 【反】 liberal 允许变革的；progressive 进步的；radical, aggressive 激进的【记】 re反 + act 行动，反对运动

malleable

【考法 1】 adj. 可塑的： capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers 【例】 a malleable metal 有延展性的金属 【近】 moldable, waxy 【考法 2】 adj. 易控制的： capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces or influences 【例】 The cult leader took advantage of the malleable, compliant personalities of his followers. 这个头目利 用了他的信徒们容易被控制和顺从的特征 【近】 ductile, elastic, fluid, modifiable, plastic, pliable, pliant, supple, variable 【反】 adamant, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable, unmanageable, unruly 难管制的

peripheral

【考法 1】 adj. 外围的： related to, located in, or constituting an outer boundary or periphery 【例】 development in the peripheral areas of megacities 大城市边缘地区的发展 【近】 circumferential, marginal 【反】 central 中心的；interior 内部的 【考法 2】 adj. 辅助性的： available to supply something extra when needed 【例】 The IT consultant suggested that we update the drivers for all of the computer's peripheral devices. IT 咨询师建议我们更新电脑所有外围辅助设备的驱动程序 【近】 accessorial, accessory, appurtenant, supplemental, supplementary 【反】 chief, main, principal 主要的

patronize

【考法 1】 vt. 赞助： provide aid or support for 【例】 a company that loyally patronizes the arts 一个一直以来坚持赞助艺术界的公司 【近】 advocate, back, champion, endorse, support, uphold 【反】 baffle, foil, frustrate, sabotage 阻挠，从中破坏 【考法 2】 v. 以高人一等的态度对待：to adopt an air of condescension toward : treat haughtily or coolly 【例】 a director with an unpleasant habit of patronizing even his most gifted actors 一个有着令人讨厌习惯的 导演，他即便是对手下最有才华的演员也傲慢地对待 【近】 condescend 【派】 patron n. 赞助人

offish

【考法1】 adj. Inclined to be distant and reserved; aloof 【例】 consistently surly and offish with the would-be suitors who came calling 对于追求者总是阴沉并且冷淡 【近】 aloof, detached, distant, remote, unbending, unsociable 【反】 sociable, cordial, friendly, social, warm 热情的

merited

【考法1】 adj. being what is called for by accepted standards of right and wrong 【例】 a merited bonus 应得的奖金‖The punishment, although harsh, was entirely merited. 虽然惩罚很 严厉，但的确是应得的 【近】 condign, deserved, due, fair, justified, right, warranted 【反】 undeserved, undue 不应得的；gratuitous, unjustified, unwarranted 没有根据的，无正当理由的

limber

【考法1】 adj. capable of being shaped: flexible 【例】 She shaped the basket out of limber branches. 她用柔软的树枝编了一个筐 【近】 flexible, lissome, lithesome, pliable, pliant, supple 【反】 inflexible, rigid, stiff, stiffened 僵硬的【记】 limb 胳膊的特点

intelligible

【考法1】 adj. capable of being understood 【例】 military codenames intelligible only to those high-rank commanding officers 只有高级指挥官才能理解的军事暗号 【近】 accessible, apprehensible, comprehensible, fathomable, lucid, understandable 【反】 abstruse, recondite, inscrutable, insensible 难以理解的 【派】 intelligibility n. 可理解性

lithe

【考法1】 adj. characterized by easy flexibility and grace 【例】 lithe dancers 灵活优雅的舞者 【近】 agile, featly, feline, gracile, lightsome, nimble 【反】 awkward, clumsy, graceless, ungainly 笨拙的 【考法2】 adj. easily bent or flexed 【例】 lithe branches 柔软的枝条 【近】 flexible, limber, lithe, pliable, pliant, supple 【反】 solid 坚硬的；inflexible, rigid, stiff, stiffened 僵硬的

intransigent

【考法1】 adj. characterized by refusal to compromise or to abandon an extreme position 【例】 an intransigent attitude 不妥协的态度 【近】 adamant, headstrong, intractable, obstinate, pertinacious, stubborn, uncompromising, unyielding 【反】 compliant, pliable 易受影响的；tractable, yielding 容易驾驭的 【派】 intransigence n. 顽固 记】 in不 + transact 办理，交易，谈判→不作交易→不谈判不妥协；transigent 可看作transact的变体

politic

【考法1】 adj. characterized by shrewdness in managing, contriving, or dealing 【例】 a politic secretary 能干的秘书 【近】 diplomatic, judicious, perspicacious, sagacious, tactful, wise 【反】 tactless, unsophisticated 缺乏谋略的，头脑简单的 【考法2】adj. suitable for bringing about a desired result under the circumstances 【例】 It probably would not be politic to tell your boss that his latest idea is the worst thing you've ever heard. 不要现在去告诉你老板说他的想法是你听过的最糟的，这不是一个合时宜的做法。 【近】 advisable, desirable, prudent, tactical 【反】 imprudent, inadvisable, injudicious, unwise 不明智的，不合时宜的

intermittent

【考法1】 adj. coming and going at intervals, not continuous 【例】 intermittent rain in June 六月里断断续续的梅雨 【近】 episodic, erratic, occasional, periodical, recurrent, recurring 【反】 constant, continuous, incessant, unceasing 持续不断的 【考法2】 adj. lacking in steadiness or regularity of occurrence 【例】 The husband's intermittent employment put the family in a difficult position financially. 丈夫不稳定的工 作使得全家陷入了经济上的困境 【近】 aperiodic, casual, catchy, discontinuous, irregular, occasional, spasmodic, sporadic, unsteady 【反】 habitual 习惯的，惯常的；periodic, regular, repeated 定期的，有规律的，重复的inter 中间 + mit send送，传送之间是有间歇的

precarious

【考法1】 adj. dangerously lacking in security or stability 【例】 a precarious livelihood 不稳定的生计 【近】 delicate, fragile, sensitive, touchy, unstable 【反】 firm, stable 稳定的；safe, secure 安全的 【考法2】 adj. dependent on uncertain premises 【例】 His entire argument relies on a precarious assumption. 他的整篇论证都建立在一个可疑的假设之上。 【近】 ambiguous, doubtful, dubious, equivocal, uncertain, unfounded 【反】 indubitable, unambiguous, unequivocal, unquestionable 明确的，毋庸置疑的【记】 pre + care 预先小心→因为危险

lofty

【考法1】 adj. elevated in character and spirit, noble 【例】 lofty ideals 崇高的理想 【近】 chivalrous, elevated, greathearted, high-minded, magnanimous, sublime 【反】 base, debased, ignominious, mean 可耻的 【考法2】 adj. rising to a great height 【例】 lofty mountains 高耸的山峰‖the ever-increasing lofty heights of the world's skyscrapers 不断攀升的 摩天大楼的高度 【近】 altitudinous, tall, towering 【反】 low 低的 【考法3】 adj. having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude 【例】 She acts all lofty and superior just because she went to Stanford University. 她之所以表现得这么自大和不可一世，只因为她考进了斯坦福 【近】 assumptive, bumptious, haughty, lordly, peremptory, pompous, presumptuous, supercilious, superior 【反】 humble, lowly, modest 谦逊的，低调的

prophetic

【考法1】 adj. foretelling events：predictive,预言的，预示的；先知的 【例】 those lower-than-expected sales numbers were a prophetic indicator of the financial trouble the company would soon be in 那些低于预期的销售数字就是公司即将陷入的金融危机的先兆 【近】 predictive

loutish

【考法1】 adj. having the characteristics of a lout; awkward, stupid, and boorish 【例】 a boy with a loutish air 一个举止粗鲁的男孩 【近】 boorish, churlish, clumsy, crude, discourteous, uncouth, uncivilized, uncultured, unrefined 【反】 courteous, civilized, genteel, graceful, polished, refined, urbane 有教养的 【派】 lout n. 举止粗鲁的人

prodigious

【考法1】 adj. impressively great in size, force, or extent; enormous 巨大的 【例】 a prodigious supply of canned food kept in the basement 地下室贮存着大量罐头食品 【近】 colossal, elephantine, enormous, gigantic, titanic, tremendous 【反】 slight 微小的 【派】 prodigy n. 天才，神童 【考法2】 adj. causing wonder or astonishment， 给人印象深刻的 【例】 stage magicians performing prodigious feats for rapt audiences 舞台魔术师在全神贯注的观众们面前表演 【近】 amazing, astonishing, astounding, awesome, fabulous, miraculous, portentous, staggering, stunning, stupendous, sublime, surprising

onerous

【考法1】 adj. involving, imposing, or constituting a burden; having legal obligations that outweigh the advantages 【例】 building the scale model of the frigate was an onerous task 建造军舰的小模型非常花时间 【近】 arduous, burdensome, challenging, exacting, grueling, taxing, toilsome 【反】 requiring little effort, light, nondemanding, unchallenging, undemanding 轻松的，不费劲的

intuitive

【考法1】 adj. knowing or perceiving by intuition 【例】 The twins have an intuitive awareness of each other's feelings. 这对双胞胎天生就能感知彼此的感受 【近】 instinctive 【反】 acquired 后天习得的 【派】 intuition n. 直觉

licentious

【考法1】 adj. lacking legal or moral restraints ; having a strong sexual desire 【例】 a moralist who decried what she regarded as the licentious and corrupt culture of the entertainment industry 【近】 concupiscent, horny, lascivious, lecherous, libidinous, lubricious, salacious, wanton 【反】 frigid, undersex 性冷淡的 【派】 licentiousness n. 放荡 license有了执照与许可便可以放肆，甚至放荡

insentient

【考法1】 adj. lacking perception, consciousness, or animation 【例】 He refused to believe that the universe as we know it evolved from the random interactions of insentient particles of matter. 他拒绝相信我们所知的宇宙是经由无生命的粒子间的相互作用演化而来的 【近】 impassive, insensate, insensible, senseless, unresponsive 【反】 perceiving, sensible, sensitive 有知觉的 【考法2】 adj. not having or showing a deep understanding of something 【例】 an insentient therapist who failed to see what the teenager's real problem was 一个对这名青少年的真正问题所在一知半解的医生 【近】 impercipient, unwise 【反】 discerning, insightful 深邃的，有洞察力的； sagacious, sage, sapient 睿智的

perfervid

【考法1】 adj. marked by overwrought or exaggerated emotion: excessively fervent 【例】 perfervid love letter 热情洋溢的情书 【近】 ardent, demonstrative, emotional, fervid, feverish, impassioned, passionate, torrid, vehement, warm 【反】 cold, cool, detached, dispassionate, emotionless, impassive, unemotional 冷漠的

peremptory

【考法1】 adj. not allowing contradiction or refusal; imperative 【例】 a peremptory order from the general 将军下达的不容反抗的命令 【近】 compulsory, forced, imperative, incumbent, involuntary, obligatory, required 【反】 elective, optional, voluntary 可选择的 【考法2】 adj. 爱发号施令的： fond of ordering people around 【例】 The peremptory secretary began telling the crowd of reporters and photographers exactly where they had to stand. 爱发号施令的秘书开始部部署记者和摄影师们应该站在哪里了【近】 authoritarian, despotic, dictatorial, domineering, imperious, masterful, overbearing, tyrannical, tyrannous 【考法3】 adj. 傲慢的： having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude 【例】 She had such a peremptory approach to running the club that people started to avoid her. 她用一种如此傲慢自大的方式来管理俱乐部，以至于大家纷纷开始躲避她 【近】 assumptive, bumptious, haughty, imperious, lofty, pompous, presumptuous, pretentious, supercilious 【反】 humble, lowly, modest 谦逊的署记者和摄影师们应该站在哪里了

liberal

【考法1】 adj. not bound by traditional ways or beliefs 【例】 parents who take a very liberal attitude toward letting their children stay out late 思想开放，同意让他们的小孩晚归的家长们 【近】 nonconventional, nonorthodox, nontraditional, open-minded, progressive, radical 【反】 conservative, conventional, hidebound, old-fashioned, stodgy, traditional 守旧的，传统的 【考法2】 adj. marked by generosity 【例】 a doctor who has been very liberal in dispensing low-cost care to patients who could not otherwise afford it 一个慷慨的医生，愿意帮助无法支付低额药费的病人 【近】 charitable, munificent, unselfish, unsparing, unstinting 【反】 closefisted, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious, stingy, tightfisted 吝啬的

intemperate

【考法1】 adj. not temperate or moderate 【例】 The tone of the article is very intemperate. 文章的论调很极端 【近】 excessive, extreme, immoderate, inordinate, overindulgent, unrestrained 【反】 equable 温和的；bridled, checked, constrained, controlled, curbed, governed, hampered, hindered, trammeled 受限制的，节制的

inconsequential

【考法1】 adj. not using or following good reasoning 【例】 an inconsequential line of argument 不合逻辑的论述 【近】 fallacious, illogical, invalid, irrational, unreasonable, unsound, weak 【反】 logical, rational, reasonable, sound, valid, well-founded, well-grounded 有理的，论证有力的 【考法2】 adj. of no significance 【例】 That's an inconsequential problem compared to the other issues. 和其他问题相比，这就是个无关痛痒的小事 【近】 fiddling, frivolous, inconsiderable, insignificant, minor, minute, negligible, nugatory, petty, slight, trivial 【反】 consequential, eventful, important, meaningful, momentous, significant, substantial, weighty 重要的

invective

【考法1】 adj. of, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse 【例】 invective comments on female activists 对女权主义者的侮辱性评论 【近】 abusive, opprobrious, scurrile, scurrilous, truculent, vitriolic, vituperative 【反】 adulatory, flattery 阿谀奉承的；complimentary 称赞的 记】 in 不好的 + vector 矢量，动力→不好的力，动作→打人骂人

provisional

【考法1】 adj. provided or serving only for the time being; temporary 【例】 he was appointed provisional executor of the industrialist's vast estate 他被任命为庞大工业帝国的临 时执行官 【近】 impermanent, interim, provisionary, short-term 【反】 long-term, permanent 永久的

phlegmatic

【考法1】 adj. resembling, consisting of, or producing the humor phlegm (calmness in a difficult or unpleasant situation); having or showing a slow and stolid temperament 【例】 a strangely phlegmatic response to what should have been happy news 对本该是一个让人开心的新闻的冷漠回复 【近】 affectless, apathetic, cold-blooded, emotionless, impassible, numb, stoic, stolid 【反】 demonstrative, emotional, fervent, fervid, impassioned, passionate, vehement 感情丰富的，热情的 phlegm 痰湿

prohibitive

【考法1】 adj. tending to prohibit or restrain 【考法2】 adj. （价格高得）抑制购买的： so high or burdensome as to discourage purchase or use 【例】 prohibitive prices 抑制购买的高价

officious

【考法1】 adj. thrusting oneself where one is not welcome or invited 【例】 an officious little man who was always telling everyone else how to do their jobs 一个多管闲事的人，总 喜欢对他人的事情指手画脚 【近】 interfering, intruding, meddlesome, obtrusive, presuming, prying, snoopy 【反】 unobtrusive 不引人注目的

protuberant

【考法1】 adj. thrusting out from a surrounding or adjacent surface often as a rounded mass 【例】 protuberant eyes 暴鱼眼 【反】 depressed 下陷的 【派】 protuberance 隆起 【反】 concavity 凹陷

prevalent

【考法1】 adj. widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or practiced 【例】 The kinds of accidents are frequently seen in places where snowmobiles are prevalent. 这种类型的事故 在摩托雪橇盛行的地区是很常见的。 【近】 conventional, dominant, common, popular, predominant, preponderant, prevailing, rife 【反】 absent, rare 缺少的，稀少的；unusual 与众不同的 【派】 prevalence n. 流行，遍及

incongruent

【考法1】 adj. 不一致的： not conforming to the circumstances or requirements of a situation 【例】 Two triangles are incongruent. 两个三角形不全等。 【近】 conflicting, discordant, discrepant, dissonant, incompatible, incongruous, inconsonant 【反】 congruent, congruous, consistent 一致的

quixotic

【考法1】 adj. 不切实际的，空想的： having or marked by a tendency to be guided more by ideals than by reality 【例】 She had quixotic dreams about the future. 她对未来有着幻想。 【近】 impractical, ideal, romantic, starry, utopian, visionary 【反】 clear-eyed, clear-sighted 聪明的

incorrigible

【考法1】 adj. 不可救药的，积习难改的： incapable of being corrected or amended 【例】 an incorrigible criminal deserving death penalty 一个应该被判死刑的恶习难改的罪犯 【近】 incurable, irrecoverable, irredeemable, irremediable, irretrievable, unrecoverable, unredeemable 【反】 curable, reclaimable, recoverable, redeemable, remediable, retrievable, savable 可以拯救的 【考法2】 adj. 无法管制的： difficult or impossible to control or manage 【例】 an incorrigible, spoiled child 被宠坏了的难管的孩子 【近】 headstrong, intractable, obstinate, refractory, stubborn, unmanageable, unruly, willful 【反】 compliant, docile, manageable, obedient, submissive, tractable 顺从的 in 不 + corrigible 可改正的，顺从的

inevitable

【考法1】 adj. 不可避免的，必然的： incapable of being avoided or evaded 【例】 The impact of the scandal on the election was inevitable. 丑闻对于选举的冲击是不可避免的 【近】 certain, ineluctable, inescapable, inevasible, sure, unalterable, unavoidable 【反】 evitable, avoidable 可避免的；uncertain, unsure 不确定的 【派】 inevitability n. 必然性

off-key

【考法1】 adj. 不寻常的，不合适的： being out of accord with what is considered normal or appropriate 【例】 a high-flown, off-key speech by a newcomer 来自于新手的颇有野心、不寻常的一次演讲

phenomenal

【考法1】 adj. 不寻常的，非凡的： being out of the ordinary;extraordinary; outstanding 【例】 the phenomenal growth that the suburb has experienced over the last decade 过去几十年间郊区所经历 的令人称奇的快速发展 【近】 especial, exceptional, extraordinary, peculiar, preternatural, rare, singular, uncommon, unusual 【反】 common, normal, ordinary, typical 普通的，典型的

muddy

【考法1】 adj. 不干净的： not clean 【例】 got muddy after playing outside 在外面玩弄得很脏 【近】 besmirched, dingy, draggled, dusty, filthy, foul, nasty, smudged, smutty, soiled, sordid, stained, sullied 【反】 clean, immaculate, spotless, stainless, unsoiled, unstained, unsullied 干净的 【考法2】 adj. 浑浊的，不清晰的： lacking in clarity or brightness 【例】 a muddy recording 嘈杂不清的纪录 【近】 cloudy, foul, murky, obscure, turbid 【反】 clear 清晰的 【考法3】 v. 使难以理解： to make (something) unclear to the understanding 【例】 That point is irrelevant and will just muddy the issue we're trying to resolve. 那个观点和讨论我们的问 题毫不相干，它只会妨碍我们对于问题的理解 【近】 becloud, befog, blur, cloud, fog, obfuscate 【反】 clarify, illuminate 阐明

offbeat

【考法1】 adj. 不平常的： noticeably different from what is generally found or experienced 【例】 this writer has an enjoyably offbeat sense of humor 这个作者笑点很奇特 【近】 extraordinary, peculiar, queer, unaccustomed, uncommon, uncustomary, out-of-the-way 【反】 conventional, bathetic, hackneyed, common, ordinary, plain, usual 传统陈腐的，平常普通的

loath

【考法1】 adj. 不情愿的，讨厌的： unwilling or reluctant; disinclined 【例】 I was loath to accept the fact that he had been killed in a terrorist attack. 我很不情愿地接受了他在一场 恐怖袭击中丧生的事实 【近】 disinclined, indisposed, reluctant, reticent 【反】 eager 渴望的；disposed, inclined 有意向的

infelicitous

【考法1】 adj. 不愉快的，不幸的： not happy; unfortunate 【例】 an infelicitous moment 不幸的时刻 【近】 hapless, ill-fated, luckless, unfortunate, unhappy 【反】 happy 幸运的，令人高兴的 【考法2】 adj. 不适当的，不合时宜的： not appropriate or well-timed 【例】 made a very infelicitous remark 做出极不恰当的评价 【近】 inappropriate, indecorous, inept, malapropos, unfit, unseemly 【反】 apt, appropriate, becoming, proper 合适的 【派】 infelicity n. 不恰当

insubordinate

【考法1】 adj. 不服从权威的： not submissiveto authority 【例】 Insubordinate soldiers are court-martialed. 抗命的士兵被送上了军事法庭 【近】 balky, contumacious, intractable, mutinous, recalcitrant, rebellious, refractory 【反】 amenable, docile, obedient, ruly, submissive, tractable 顺从的

pathological

【考法1】 adj. 不正常的，病态的： being such to a degree that is extreme, excessive, or markedly abnormal 【例】 She has a pathological fear of snakes. 她对蛇有一种病态的恐惧 【近】 abnormal, aberrant, anomalous, morbid 【反】 normal 正常的；natural 自然的 altered or caused by disease; of or relating to pathology

oblivious

【考法1】 adj. 不知道的，不知情的： lacking conscious awareness; not informed about or aware of something 【例】 He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her. 他似乎并不在意他伤害了她. 【近】 incognizant, insensible, unaware, unconscious, uninformed, unwitting 【反】 mindful, vigilant, acquainted, cognizant, conscious, conversant, grounded, informed, knowing, mindful, witting 留意的，机警的

reckless

【考法1】 adj. 不考虑后果的，大胆鲁莽的： careless of consequences; foolishly adventurous or bold 【例】 His reckless driving accounted for the accident. 他鲁莽的开车行为导致了这场事故。 【近】 audacious, bold, brash, brassy, brazen, careless, daredevil, rash, madcap, temerarious 【反】 careful, cautious, circumspect, guarded, heedful, prudent, wary 慎重的，小心的

mannered

【考法1】 adj. 不自然的，做作的： having an artificial or stilted character 【例】 a mannered speech 做作的演讲 【近】 affected, artificial, assumed, factitious, fake, feigned, pretended, pseudo, sham, spurious 【反】 natural 自然的；artless, genuine, unfeigned 真诚的

mute

【考法1】 adj. 不说话的，缄默的： deliberately refraining from speech 【例】 He always remained mute no matter how much we pleaded for an answer 不论我们怎么恳求回答，他 总是保持沉默 【近】 dumb, inarticulate, speechless, uncommunicative, voiceless, wordless 【反】 communicative, expansive, loquacious, talkative 爱说话的，话多的 【考法2】 vt. 使颜色、音调等柔和： to soften the tone, color, shade, or hue of 【例】 mute a color 对颜色进行柔化 【近】 attenuate, soften, subdue 【反】 sharpen 锐化 【考法3】 vt. 减弱声音： to soften or muffle the sound of 【近】 dampen, deaden, muffle, stifle 【反】 amplify, magnify 增强，放大 【派】 muted adj. 消声的，静音的

opaque

【考法1】 adj. 不透光的：impenetrable by light; neither transparent nor translucent 【近】blurry, dim, misty, murky, obscure, shadowy, unclear 【反】diaphanous, transparent 精致透明的 【考法2】 adj. 晦涩的：so obscure as to be unintelligible 【例】opaque prose 晦涩的诗歌 【近】ambiguous, arcane, enigmatic, equivocal, inscrutable, occult 【反】clear, accessible, obvious, plain, unambiguous, unequivocal 清晰易懂的

nominal

【考法1】 adj. 不重要的： so small or unimportant as to warrant little or no attention 【例】 His involvement was nominal. 他的参与不太重要。 【近】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, paltry, trifling, trivial 【反】 big, consequential, considerable, important, material, significant 重要的 【考法2】 adj. 名义上的： existing or being something in name or form only 【例】 nominal head of the party 党派的名义首领 【近】 formal, paper, titular

overbearing

【考法1】 adj. 专横傲慢的： domineering in manner; arrogant 【例】 Her husband's overbearing manner made her miserable. 她的丈夫专横傲慢，让她痛不欲生。 【近】 authoritative, despotic, dictatorial, imperious, masterful, peremptory 【反】 meek, unassuming 谦逊的 【考法2】 adj. 压倒一切的，在力量或重要性上势不可挡的；支配的，显著的： overwhelming in power or significance; predominant, coming before all others in importance 【例】 the overbearing problem in our nation's schools 我国中小学教育的最突出的问题 【近】 capital, cardinal, central, chief, dominant, key, leading, master, number one, overmastering, overriding, paramount, predominant, preeminent, premier, primary, prior, sovereign, supreme

plump

【考法1】 adj. 丰满的： well-rounded and full in form 【例】 In Tang Dynasty, being plump was a sign of ultimate beauty. 在唐代，身材丰满是最美丽的象征。 【近】 chubby, fleshy, fat, gross, obese, rotund, round 【反】 lean, slender, svelte, thin 纤瘦的，苗条的；angular 因消瘦而棱角分明的 【考法2】 vi. 鼎力支持，赞口不绝： to give full support or praise 【例】 We will plump for any candidate who supports stem cell research. 我们会鼎力支持那些拥护干细胞研究的候选人。 【近】 advocate, back, champion, endorse, patronize 【反】 baffle, foil, frustrate, sabotage 阻挠，从中破坏

principal

【考法1】 adj. 主要的，重要的： first, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or degree 【例】 The region's principal city is getting hammered by a series of terrorist attacks. 该地区的中心城市正在被 一系列恐怖袭击攻击。 【近】 capital, cardinal, chief, dominant, grand, main, major, paramount, predominant, preeminent, primary 【反】 secondary, subordinate 次要的

obliging

【考法1】 adj. 乐于助人的： willing to do favors 【例】 an obliging concierge used his pull to get us reservations at the town's hottest restaurant 一个好心的看房人利用他的影响力帮我们在镇上最火爆的餐厅订到了座 【近】 accommodative, friendly, indulgent

methodical

【考法1】 adj. 井然有序的，有条理的： arranged or proceeding in regular, systematic order 【例】 a methodical summary that included lists of points to memorize 一份包含了记忆重点的有条理的总结 【近】 neat, orderly, organized, regular, systematic, systematized 【反】 disorganized, haphazard, irregular, unsystematic 杂乱的，混乱无序的

minute

【考法1】 adj. 仔细的，谨小慎微的： characterized by careful scrutiny and close examination 【例】 a minute description of the setting of the story 故事背景的详细介绍 【近】 circumstantial, elaborate, full, particular, particularized, thorough 【反】 brief, compendious, concise, succinct, summary, terse 摘要性的，简述的 【考法2】 adj. 小的，不重要的： very small or of small importance 【例】 It is not sagacious to invest excessively in minute details. 过分投入于不重要的细枝末节上是不明智的 【近】 frivolous, incidental, inconsiderable, insignificant, little, minor, negligible, nugatory, slight, trifling, trivial 【反】 consequential, critical, crucial, momentous, significant, vital, weighty 关键的，重要的 【派】 minutes n. 会议记录

mimic

【考法1】 adj. 仿真的，仿造的： being such in appearance only and made with or manufactured from usually cheaper materia 【例】 Police were concerned that the mimic gun, although intended only as a toy, might be confused with the real thing in certain situations. 尽管仿真枪只是玩具，但警方担忧在某些情况下它会被误认为是真枪 【近】 artificial, bogus, factitious, fake, false, imitative, mock, sham, simulated, substitute, synthetic 【反】 genuine, natural, real 真实的 【考法2】 v. 做滑稽的模仿（以取笑）： to copy or exaggerate (someone or something) in order to make fun of 【例】 The comedian was famous for mimicking the President's distinctive lisp. 这个演员因能滑稽地模仿总统 特有的口齿不清而闻名 【近】 burlesque, caricature, do, imitate, mock, parody, send up, spoof, travesty 【考法3】 v. 模仿： to use (someone or something) as the model for one's speech, mannerisms, or behavior 【例】 began to learn their language by mimicking the sounds they made 通过模仿发音来学习语言 【近】 ape, copy, copycat, emulate, mimic, simulate 【派】 mimicry n. 模仿

raffish

【考法1】 adj. 低俗的： marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity or crudeness 【例】 the dowager cringed at the thought of raffish tourists tromping all over her Persian rugs 寡妇一想到低俗 的游客践踏她的波斯地毯就痛苦不已 【近】 crass, lowbred, uncouth, uncultivated, uncultured, unpolished, unrefined, vulgar 【反】 civilized, cultivated, cultured, genteel, polished, refined, ultrarefined, well-bred 有教养的【记】 rough 粗，粗鲁 + ish；rubbish 垃圾，象垃圾一样低下没教养的人；rough fish 吃生鱼的人，粗人

perfunctory

【考法1】 adj. 例行公事的，敷衍的： characterized by routine or superficiality and often done merely as a duty 【例】 gave his usual perfunctory nod 例行公事地随便点了个头 【近】 automatic, cursory, mechanical, superficial 【考法2】 adj. 不感兴趣的： lacking in interest or enthusiasm 【例】 She gave the list only a perfunctory glance. 她无所谓地随便瞅了名单一眼 【近】 apathetic, casual, disinterested, incurious, indifferent, insouciant, nonchalant, pococurante, unconcerned 【反】 concerned, interested 感兴趣的

lamentable

【考法1】 adj. 值得惋惜的，悲哀的： inspiring or deserving of lament or regret; deplorable or pitiable; mournful 【例】 The lamentable cries of the women for their lost sons were heard throughout the village. 女人们由于 丧子之痛的哀嚎响彻整个山谷 【近】 deplorable, distressful, grievous, heartbreaking,, lugubrious, plaintive, plangent, sorrowful, woeful 【反】 cheerful, delighted, jocund, jovial 欢乐的，快乐的

partial

【考法1】 adj. 偏袒的，偏爱的： inclined to favor one party more than the other: biased 【例】 He is partial to Maverick. 他偏爱小牛队 【近】 biased, one-sided, partisan, prejudiced 【反】 disinterested, equitable, evenhanded, fair, impartial, neutral, objective, unbiased, unprejudiced 公平的 【考法2】 adj. 部分的，不完整的： lacking some necessary part 【例】 a partial answer to the problem 一部分的解答 【近】 deficient, fragmental, fragmentary, half, halfway 【反】 complete, entire, full, intact, integral, perfect, whole 完整的 【派】 partially adv. 部分地；partiality n. 偏袒，偏爱

inadvertent

【考法1】 adj. 偶然发生的： happening by chance 【例】 an inadvertent encounter with a rattlesnake 偶遇响尾蛇 【近】 casual, fluky, incidental, unintentional, unplanned, unpremeditated, unwitting 【反】 calculated, deliberate, intended, intentional, planned, premeditated 有计划的，有预谋的 【考法2】 adj. 疏忽的，不留意的： marked by unintentional lack of care 【例】 The military has said it was an inadvertent error. 军方表示这是个疏忽大意的错误 【近】 careless, feckless, heedless, irreflective, thoughtless, uncaring 【反】 advertent, careful, heedful, mindful 留意的，小心的

mesmeric

【考法1】 adj. 催眠的，催眠术的： of, relating to, or induced by mesmerism 【近】 hypnotic 【反】 awaking 觉醒的 【考法2】adj. 令人着迷的，难以抗拒的： attracting and holding interest as if by a spell 【例】 the mesmeric recital 迷人的独奏 【近】 attractive, alluring, captivating, charming, drawing, enchanting, riveting 【反】 disgusting, loathesome, repellent, repulsive 令人厌恶的；unappealing, unattractive 没有吸引力的 【派】 mesmerism n. 催眠术，难以抗拒的魅力；mesmerize v. 催眠

panoramic

【考法1】 adj. 全景的： of an unobstructed or complete view of an area in every direction 【例】 a panorama of American history 美国历史总览 【近】 compendious, complete, comprehensive, cyclopedic, embracive, exhaustive, thorough, in-depth 【反】 narrow 狭窄的

indifferent

【考法1】 adj. 公平的： marked by impartiality 【例】 They believed their art teacher could offer an indifferent judgment on their works' merits. 他们相信艺 术老师会对他们作品的价值做出公正的评价 【近】 disinterested, equal, impartial, just, nonpartisan, objective, unbiased, unprejudiced 【反】 biased, one-sided, partial, prejudiced 有偏好的；unjust 不公平的 【考法2】 adj. （质量、档次等）中规中矩的，一般的： of average to below average quality 【例】 an indifferent but drinkable cup of coffee 一杯尚可入口的咖啡 【近】 average, common, fair, intermediate, mediocre, medium, moderate, ordinary, passable, so-so 【反】 exceptional, extraordinary 极好的；inferior, poor 低档次的 【考法3】 adj. 不感兴趣的，冷漠的： marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern for something 【例】 indifferent about the result of CET-4 对四级成绩不感兴趣 【近】 aloof, apathetic, detached, incurious, nonchalant, numb, pococurante, remote, unconcerned, uninterested 【反】 attentive, concerned, interested 关切的，有兴趣的 【派】 indifference n. 漠然

inherent

【考法1】 adj. 内在的，本质的： involved in the constitution or essential character of something 【例】 a disposition inherent in human nature 人性内在的倾向 【近】 constitutional, elemental, essential, inborn, ingrained, innate, intrinsic 【反】 adventitious 外来的，偶然的；extraneous, extrinsic 外在的 【派】 inherently adv. 内在地

nonchalant

【考法1】 adj. 冷漠的： having an air of easy unconcern or indifference 【例】 She was surprisingly nonchalant about winning the award. 她竟然对得奖很淡然。 【近】 apathetic, disinterested, insensible, insouciant, perfunctory, unconcerned 【反】 concerned, interested 忧虑的，有兴趣的

ominous

【考法1】 adj. 凶兆的： of or being an omen, especially an evil one 【例】 an ominous threat of war 战争来临的凶兆 【近】 baleful, foreboding, inauspicious, portentous, sinister, threatening, minatory 【反】 auspicious, unthreatening 吉兆的，不具有威胁的

innovative

【考法1】 adj. 创新性的： characterized by, tending to, or introducing innovations 【例】 an innovative macro-economic strategy 创新性的宏观经济战略 【近】 creative, ingenious, inventive, original 【反】 conservative, hidebound 保守的 【派】 innovation n. 创新

original

【考法1】 adj. 创新的： independent and creative in thought or action :inventive 【例】 The car has a highly original design. 这车的设计很新颖 【近】 ingenious, innovative, inventive 【反】 commonplace, banal, trite, familiar, hackneyed, time-honored, tired, warmed-over 陈腐的 【考法2】 adj. 最初的，最早的： coming before all others in time or order 【例】 the original plan had to be discarded when the situation changed drastically 当环境发生剧烈变化时，最 初的计划就该被放弃 【近】 earliest, foremost, headmost, inaugural, initial, leadoff, maiden, pioneer, premier, virgin 【反】 final, last, latter, terminal, ultimate 最终的

laborious

【考法1】 adj. 勤奋的： hard-working; industrious 【例】 The volunteers have been commendably laborious in their cleanup of the beach. 清理海滩的志愿者们 的勤奋努力值得赞扬‖He was gentle and kindly, living a laborious life in his Paris flat. 他是一个温柔、好心的人， 住在巴黎的公寓里过着勤奋的生活 【近】 active, assiduous, bustling, diligent, engaged, industrious, occupied, sedulous 【反】 idle, inactive, indolent, inert, slothful 懒散的 【考法2】 adj. 费力的： marked by or requiring long, hard work 【例】 the laborious task of cleaning up the oil spill 清除泄露石油的艰苦工作 【近】 arduous, challenging, demanding, difficult, exacting, formidable, grueling, heavy, labored, rigorous, rough, rugged, severe, strenuous, sweaty, toilsome, tough 【反】 easy, effortless, facile, light, mindless, simple, undemanding 轻松的，容易的

precipitate

【考法1】 adj. 匆忙的： acting or done with excessive or careless speed 【例】 the army's precipitate withdrawal from the field of battle 匆忙将军队从战场上撤下 【近】 cursory, flying, headlong, hurried, overhasty, precipitous, rash, rushed 【反】 deliberate 慎重考虑的；leisurely, unhurried, unrushed 从容不迫的，不慌不忙的 【考法2】 vt. 促使，导致： to cause to happen, especially suddenly or prematurely 【例】 to precipitate an international crisis 产生国际危机 【近】 accelerate, escalate, expedite, hasten, impel, speed, trigger 【反】 check, encumber, enfetter, hamper, handicap, hinder, manacle, obstruct, retard, trammel 阻碍 【派】 precipitation n. 急促；沉淀；降水

incarnate

【考法1】 adj. 化身的，人体化的： invested with bodily nature and form 【例】 He referred to her as devil incarnate. 他把她视作恶魔的化身 【近】 embodied, materialized, personified, typified 【考法2】 v. （思想、理论的）具化，体现： to constitute an embodiment or type of 【例】 the general view that Hitler incarnated extreme egotism 通常认为希特勒代表了极端的以自我为中心 【近】 epitomize, incorporate, manifest, materialize, personalize, personify, substantiate, symbolize 【反】 disembody 使（灵魂等）脱离躯体 【派】 incarnation n. 化身

mangy

【考法1】 adj. 卑劣的： mean; contemptible 【例】 a mangy trick 卑鄙的手段 【近】 base, contemptible, debased, despicable, detestable, execrable, mean, sordid, squalid 【反】 lofty, noble, upright, venerable, virtuous 正直的，有道德的

mean

【考法1】 adj. 卑贱的： ignoble; base 【例】 a mean trick to play on a credulous person 耍在一个轻信别人的人身上的卑劣诡计 【近】 base, contemptible, despicable, detestable, dirty, dishonorable, execrable, ignominious, sordid 【反】 lofty, noble, venerable, virtuous 高尚的 【考法2】 adj. 吝啬的： giving or sharing as little as possible 【例】 a mean child who hoarded all her toys 一个把她所有的玩具都藏了起来的小气孩子 【近】 closefisted, mingy, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious, penurious, tightfisted, ungenerous 【反】 generous, liberal, munificent 慷慨的；extravagant, lavish, prodigal, profligate, spendthrift 浪费的 【考法3】 v. 打算，怀有目的： to have in mind as a purpose or goal 【例】 I mean to win this race. 我一定要赢这场比赛 【近】 aim, aspire, calculate, contemplate, design, intend, meditate, plan 【考法4】v. 意味着： to serve or intend to convey, show, or indicate 【例】 The national anthem means various things to various people. 对于不同的人来说，国歌的意义不尽相同 【近】 connote, denote, express, import, signify, spell 【派】 meaningful adj. 有意义的

monochromatic

【考法1】 adj. 单色的： having or consisting of one color or hue 【例】 monochromatic filter 单色滤光片 【近】 colorless, monochrome 【反】 chromatic, colorful, iridescent, motley, rainbow, variegated 五光十色的 【考法2】 adj. 单调无聊的： lacking variety, creativity, or excitement 【例】 a monochromatic article eulogizing a hero 一个无聊的赞颂英雄的文章 【近】 arid, dreary, drudging, dull, jejune, monotonous, pedestrian, ponderous, stale, stodgy, tiresome 【反】 absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 吸引人的 【派】 monochromatism n. 全色盲

prosaic

【考法1】 adj. 单调的，常见的： being of the type that is encountered in the normal course of events 【例】 prosaic advice 老掉牙的建议 【近】 commonplace, everyday, routine, unexceptional, unremarkable, workaday 【反】 abnormal, exceptional, extraordinary, odd, out-of-the-way, strange, exciting, preternatural, ingenious, imaginary 不寻常的，有独创性的

philanthropic

【考法1】 adj. 博爱的，为他人着想的： having or showing a concern for the welfare of others 【例】 the philanthropic aims of the organization 这个机构的博爱、利他的目标 【近】 altruistic, beneficent, benevolent, eleemosynary, good, humanitarian 【反】 misanthropic 反人类的；selfish 自私的 【派】 philanthropist n. 博爱的人

preponderant

【考法1】 adj. 占优势的，更重要的： having superior weight, force, importance, or influence 【例】 a preponderant misconception 一个影响甚广的错误概念 【近】 dominant, paramount, predominant, prevalent, overruling 【反】 secondary, subsidiary 次要的 【派】 preponderance n. 优势地位

offhand

【考法1】 adj. 即兴的，没有准备的： without premeditation or preparation 【例】 couldn't give the figures offhand 【近】 ad-lib, extemporary, impromptu, improvised, unplanned, unpremeditated, unrehearsed 【反】 considered, planned, premeditated, prepared, rehearsed 事先谋划的

moribund

【考法1】 adj. 即将结束的，垂死的： approaching death; about to die 【例】 The nation's banking industry was moribund. 这个国家的银行业危在旦夕 【近】 decadent, deteriorating, dying, expiring, fading 【反】 beginning, nascent 初生的，刚开始的；lively, thriving, vigorous, vital 有活力的 【考法2】 adj. 即将过时的： on the verge of becoming obsolete 【例】 Some social conventions have been rendered moribund in face of modernization. 不少传统习俗在现代 化的影响下变得岌岌可危 【近】 antiquated, archaic, dated, fossilized, moth-eaten, outdated, outworn, rusty 【反】 fresh, new 崭新的；promising 充满希望的【记】 音：末日 + bound 肯定会，开往；末日肯定会来的；be bound to 一定会

primordial

【考法1】 adj. 原始的，最初的： being or happening first in sequence of time 【例】 primordial forms of life 最原始的生命形态 【近】 ancient, early, primal, primeval, primitive 【反】 late, recent 最近的记】 prime + order 按顺序最初的

outgoing

【考法1】 adj. 友好的，外向的： openly friendly and responsive: extroverted 【例】 a salesman whose aggressively outgoing personality could sometimes be overbearing 一个销售员如果 过于热情会让人不能忍 【近】 companionable, extroverted, gregarious, sociable 【反】 antisocial, introverted, nongregarious, reclusive, unsociable, unsocial 不合群的，不善交际的

misanthropic

【考法1】 adj. 反人类的： having or showing a deep distrust of human beings and their motives 【例】 a solitary and misanthropic artist 一个孤立的反人类艺术家 【近】 antisocial, cynical, pessimistic 【反】 philanthropic 博爱的；uncynical 不愤世嫉俗的 【派】 misanthrope n. 反人类份子

outlandish

【考法1】 adj. 古怪的，奇异的：strikingly out of the ordinary: bizarre 【例】 an outlandish costume 奇装异服 【近】 bizarre, cranky, eccentric, erratic, offbeat, peculiar, remarkable 【反】 conventional, familiar, nonexotic, nonglamorous, plain-Jane, unglamorous, unromantic 常规的，平凡的

plastic

【考法1】 adj. 可塑的： susceptible of being modified in form or nature 【例】 the plastic quality of modeling clay 模型泥的可塑性质 【近】 adaptable, ductile, flexible, malleable, pliable, pliant, resilient, supple 【反】 inflexible, rigid, stiff 僵硬的 【考法2】 adj. 虚假的，做作的： lacking in natural or spontaneous quality 【例】 There's usually a plastic cordiality at these corporate events. 通常在公司的活动上都有一种虚假的热 情和友好。 【近】 affected, assumed, bogus, factitious, fake, false, feigned, mock, phony, pretended, pseudo, spurious 【反】 artless, genuine, natural, spontaneous, unaffected, uncontrived, unfeigned 真诚的 【派】 plasticity n. 可塑性

perceptible

【考法1】 adj. 可察觉的： capable of being perceived especially by the senses 【例】 You should be able to note a perceptible temperature change when you add the second reagents. 当 你加入第二种试剂的时候，你应该能够察觉到明显的温度变化 【近】 appreciable, apprehensible, detectable, discernible, distinguishable, palpable, sensible 【反】 impalpable, imperceptible, inappreciable, indistinguishable, insensible, undetectable 不能感知的

permeable

【考法1】 adj. 可渗透的： capable of being permeated or penetrated, especially by liquids or gases 【例】 a permeable fabric that allows your body heat to escape 一种能使身体热量耗散的透气纤维 【近】 passable, penetrable, pervious, porous 【反】 waterproof 防水的；impassable, impenetrable, impervious, impermeable 不能渗透的

mobile

【考法1】 adj. 可移动的： capable of moving or being moved 【例】 a mobile missile launcher 可移动导弹发射装置 【近】 motile, movable, portable, transportable 【反】 immobile, immovable 不可移动的 【考法2】 adj. 可变的： changeable in appearance, mood, or purpose 【例】 a highly mobile face 善变的面孔 【近】 adaptable, fluid, inconstant, mercurial, mutable, protean, unstable, unsteady, variable, versatile 【反】 fixed, steadfast, stable 稳定的，不变的 【派】 mobility n. 可移动性；mobilize v. 动员

rational

【考法1】 adj. 合乎逻辑的： consistent with or based on reason; logical 【例】 He insisted there was a rational explanation for the strange creaking noises and that there were no such things as ghosts. 他坚持认为奇怪的咯吱声一定有一个合理的解释，而不是所谓的鬼在作怪。 【近】analytic, coherent, consequent, logical, reasonable, sensible, sound, valid, well-founded, well-grounded 【反】illogical, incoherent, inconsequent, invalid, irrational, unreasonable, unsound, weak 不合逻辑的 【考法2】 adj. 理性的： based on sound reasoning or information 【例】 Betting all of your savings on the lottery is not a rational move. 把你所有的存款赌在彩票上可不是一个 理智的决定。 【近】 commonsensical, firm, informed, just, justified, levelheaded, sober, solid 【反】 groundless, unfounded, unjustified 无理由的，无根据的 【派】 rationalize v. 使合理化；找借口

opportune

【考法1】 adj. 合适的，适当的： suitable or convenient for a particular occurrence 【例】 an opportune moment 方便的时机 【近】 seasonable, well-timed 【反】 inconvenient, untimely, inappropriate, unseasonable 不合适的

meet

【考法1】 adj. 合适的： precisely adapted to a particular situation, need, or circumstance: very proper 【例】 In this case, splitting the winnings of the contested lottery ticket seems like a meetsolution. 在这种情况 下，平分有争议的彩票奖金或许是个合适的解决方案 【近】 applicable, appropriate, apt, becoming, befitting, felicitous, fitting, proper, right, suitable 【反】 improper, inapplicable, inapposite, inappropriate, inapt, infelicitous, malapropos 不合适的

propitious

【考法1】 adj. 吉祥的： favorably disposed: pointing toward a happy outcome 【例】 propitious sign 吉祥的征兆 【近】 auspicious, encouraging, fair, heartening, optimistic, promising, upbeat 【反】 dim, discouraging, disheartening, futureless, hopeless, inauspicious, unfavorable, unpromising, unpropitious 不吉利的记】 pro支持，倾向 + pity 同情，怜悯，有同情心的人是善良的，也会吉祥如意一帆风顺的

miserly

【考法1】 adj. 吝啬的： marked by grasping meanness and penuriousness 【例】 a miserly couple devoid of social conscience and responsibility 一对没有社会良心和责任感的吝啬夫妻 【近】 closefisted, mean, niggard, parsimonious, penurious, stingy, tightfisted 【反】 lavish, prodigal, spendthrift, squandering 浪费的；generous, liberal, munificent, openhanded 慷慨的 【派】 miser n. 守财奴

obscure

【考法1】 adj. 含义模糊的： not clearly understood or expressed; having an often intentionally veiled or uncertain meaning 【例】 a fantasy writer who likes to put lots of obscure references in her tales of wizards and warlocks 一个喜 欢在巫师故事中添加很多含义模糊的引用的魔幻小说作家 【近】 ambiguous, arcane, enigmatic, equivocal, fuliginous, inscrutable, opaque 【反】 explicit, manifest, clear, certain, accessible, nonambiguous, obvious, plain, unambiguous, unequivocal 明晰的，没有歧义的 【考法 2】 adj. 平凡的，不知名的： not prominent or famous 【例】 an obscure poet 无名的诗人 【近】 noteless, uncelebrated, unfamous, unknown, unrecognized, unsung 【反】 legendary, celebrated, famed, famous, noted, notorious, prominent, renowned, well-known 有名的 【派】 obscurity 无名之辈 【反】 celebrity 名人 【考法3】 v. 使模糊： to make dark, dim, or indistinct 【例】 when it isn't obscured by smog, the view of the city from the observatory can be spectacular 如果在 晴朗的天气，从天文台看出去的城市全景非常赞 【近】 blear, blur, darken, dim, overshadow, shroud 【反】 elucidate, brighten, illuminate, light up, lighten 阐明

metaphysical

【考法1】 adj. 哲学上的，理论上的： dealing with or expressing a quality or idea 【例】 a work that deals with such metaphysical questions as the very nature of knowledge 一部探讨诸如"知 识的本性是什么"的理论问题的著作 【近】 conceptual, ideal, ideational, notional, theoretical 【反】 concrete 具体的，实实在在的 【考法2】 adj. 非尘世的： of, relating to, or being part of a reality beyond the observable physical universe 【例】 a metaphysical world beyond the one in which we live 在我们居住的世界之上的"超然世界" 【近】 ethereal, heavenly, otherworldly, paranormal, preternatural, transcendental, unearthly, unworldly 【反】 mundane 世俗的；natural 自然界的

protean

【考法1】 adj. 善变的，多才多艺的： displaying great diversity or variety; versatile 【例】 He loved to show off his protean talent. 他喜欢炫耀自己多样的才华. 【近】 adaptable, universal, all-around 【反】 static 固定的 【记】 pro + ocean 海洋,原指希腊神话中的普罗特斯, 任意变化自己外形的海神

jubilant

【考法1】 adj. 喜悦的： exultingly joyful 【例】 The nominee delivered a jubilant speech before the cheering crowd. 在欢呼的人群面前，被提名人发表了 充满喜悦的演说 【近】 exulting, glorying, rejoicing, triumphant 【反】 lachrymose, saturnine 悲哀的；dour, dreary, morose, serious 阴郁的

rambunctious

【考法1】 adj. 喧闹的，骚乱的： being rough or noisy in a high-spirited way 【例】 That beach is often taken over by packs of rambunctious young people, so don't go there expecting peace and quiet. 那个海滩经常被一帮吵闹的年轻人占领，所以不要指望过去能享受到平静和安宁。 【近】 boisterous, clamorous, raucous, riotous, rowdy, tumultuous, turbulent 【反】 orderly 有秩序的；calm, noiseless, peaceful, placid, quiet, serene, silent, soundless, tranquil 安静的记】 ram 公羊 + 音：绑颗绳，给公羊绑颗绳它会粗暴狂乱；ramble + anxious 急切盼望出去散步

obstinate

【考法1】 adj. 固执的： perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion 【例】 obstinate resistance to change 坚决抵制改变 【近】 adamant, headstrong, intransigent, stubborn, uncompromising, unyielding, willful 【反】 acquiescent, agreeable, amenable, compliant, complying, flexible, pliable, pliant, relenting, yielding 顺从服从的 【考法2】 adj. 难于减轻或治愈的： not easily subdued, remedied, or removed 【例】 obstinate fever 高烧不退 || an obstinate headache 难以治愈的头痛

obdurate

【考法1】 adj. 固执的： resistant to persuasion or softening influences 【例】 She is known for her obdurate determination. 她以坚定不移著称。 【近】 adamant, hard-nosed, headstrong, inflexible, intransigent, pertinacious, stubborn, unbending, uncompromising, unrelenting, unyielding, willful 【反】 acquiescent, agreeable, amenable, compliant, complying, flexible, pliable, pliant, relenting, yielding 温顺 的 【考法2】 adj. 冷酷无情的： having or showing a lack of sympathy or tender feelings 【例】 the obdurate refusal of the crotchety old man to let the neighborhood kids retrieve their ball from his backyard 那个怪老头冷酷无情地拒绝了孩子们进他后院找球的请求 【近】 affectless, callous, compassionless, hard-hearted, heartless, indurate, inhuman, insensate, ironhearted, merciless, remorseless, ruthless, unsparing 【反】 charitable, compassionate, humane, kindhearted, kindly, merciful, softhearted, sympathetic, tender, warmhearted 同情的，有爱的

mulish

【考法1】 adj. 固执的： unreasonably and inflexibly obstinate 【例】 a mulish determination to act on his own 铁了心要单打独斗 【近】 adamant, headstrong, immovable, intractable, obstinate, pertinacious, perverse, refractory, stubborn 【反】 flexible, pliable, pliant, yielding 易改变立场的，易受影响的 【派】 mulishly adv. 固执地【记】 mule 音：母骡，毛驴 + ish，毛驴似，毛驴似的

intrinsic

【考法1】 adj. 固有的，内在的： of or relating to the essential nature of a thing 【例】 the intrinsic worth of a gem 宝石的内在价值 【近】 congenial, constitutional, immanent, inborn, inherent, innate, native, natural 【反】 adventitious, extraneous, extrinsic 外在的

indigenous

【考法1】 adj. 土产的，本地的： originating and living or occurring naturally in an area or environment 【例】 the culture of the indigenous people of that country 那个国家原著民的文化 【近】 aboriginal, endemic, native 【反】 exotic, extraneous, foreign 外来的；nonnative 非本地的 【考法2】 adj. 与生俱来的，先天的： being a part of the innermost nature of a person or thing 【例】 The drive to create is indigenous to humanity. 人类创造的动力是与生俱来的 【近】 constitutional, essential, immanent, inborn, inbred, ingrained, innate, integral, intrinsic, natural 反】 adventitious, extrinsic 外在的；acquired, studied 后天习得的

magnificent

【考法1】 adj. 壮丽的： strikingly beautiful or impressive 【例】 a magnificent cathedral 宏伟壮观的大教堂 【近】 august, epic, glorious, grand, imperial, imposing, massive, monumental, noble, regal, splendid 【反】 humble, unimpressive 平凡的 【派】 magnificence n. 壮丽，壮观

raspy

【考法1】 adj. 声音刺耳的： harsh and dry in sound 【例】 The dying man was speaking in a raspy and barely discernible voice. 将死的人在用一种沙哑刺耳且难以听清的语调说话。 【近】 cacophonous, coarse, croaky, harsh, grating, gravelly, gruff, husky, rasping, rusty, scratchy, throaty 【反】 mellifluous, sweet 声音甜美的；gentle, soft, tender 声音轻柔的 【考法2】 adj. 容易生气的： easily irritated or annoyed 【例】 Overwork tends to make him raspy. 过度的工作让他变得烦躁易怒。 【近】 choleric, fiery, grouchy, irascible, peevish, pettish, petulant, prickly, ratty, testy 【反】 agreeable, amiable, good-natured, good-tempered, well-disposed 脾气性格好的

redundant

【考法1】 adj. 多余的，冗余的： exceeding what is necessary or normal 【例】 This area is already chockablock with shopping malls; another one would be redundant. 这个地区已 经是商场扎堆了，再建一个完全是多此一举。 【近】 excess, extra, supererogatory, superfluous, supernumerary, surplus 【反】 deficient, inadequate, insufficient, meager, niggardly, scant, scarce, short, sparse 缺乏，稀疏 【派】 redundancy n. 过剩，过多

porous

【考法1】 adj. 多孔可渗透的： admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices 【例】 Lava rock has a porous structure which makes the material lightweight and highly moisture-retentive. 火山岩的多孔结构使得它密度很小，同时有很高的吸湿性。 【近】 passable, penetrable, permeable, pervious 【反】 impassable, impenetrable, impermeable, impervious 无法穿透的 【派】 porosity n. 多孔性

paranoid

【考法1】 adj. 多疑的，对他人极端恐惧和怀疑的： exhibiting or characterized by extreme and irrational fear or distrust of others 【例】 a paranoid suspicion that the phone might be bugged 疑神疑鬼地担心电话被窃听了 【近】 distrustful, nervous, suspicious, unbelieving, worried 【反】 credulous 轻信的 【派】 paranoia n. 偏执狂

knotty

【考法1】 adj. 多结的，复杂的，困难的：marked by or full of knots especially: so full of difficulties and complications as to be likely to defy solution 【例】 The candidates cautiously gave their views on an array of knotty issues. 候选人就一系列的困难问题谨 慎地给出了自己的看法 【近】 baroque, byzantine, complicated, convoluted, intricate, involved, labyrinthine, sophisticated, tangled 【反】 easy, effortless, plain, simple 容易的，明显的

nocturnal

【考法1】 adj. 夜间的： of, relating to, or occurring in the night 【例】 a nocturnal raid 夜间突袭 【近】 nightly, nighttime 【反】 daily, diurnal 白昼的 【考法2】 adj. 夜间活动的： active at night 【例】 a nocturnal predator 夜间活动的捕食者 【派】 nocturne n. 夜曲

medley

【考法1】 adj. 大杂烩，混合物： an unorganized collection or mixture of various things 【例】 a medley of snack foods available on the buffet table 自助餐桌上供应着各式各样的小吃 【近】 agglomerate, collage, hodgepodge, jumble, montage, motley, muddle, salad, shuffle, variety, welter parley: conference, motley: adj. 富于变化的

paunchy

【考法1】 adj. 大腹便便，大肚子的： having a potbelly 【例】 a paunchy middle-aged man 一个大腹便便的中年男子 【近】 corpulent, fat, potbellied 【反】 slender, slim, svelte, thin 瘦的，苗条的 音：胖吃

pandemic

【考法1】 adj. 大范围流行的： widespread; general 【例】 pandemic malaria 大规模的疟疾 【反】 limited 有限的

providential

【考法1】 adj. 天意的，幸运的： happening as if through divine intervention 【例】 a providential escape 幸运的逃脱 【近】 lucky, fluky, fortuitous 【反】 unfortunate, mishap, hapless, ill-fated, ill-starred, luckless, star-crossed 不幸的 记】 provident 为将来考虑，原指神的意旨，神掌控一切，考虑未来，能带来好运的

ingenuous

【考法1】 adj. 天真淳朴的： lacking in cunning, guile, or worldliness 【例】 Photographs captured the ingenuous smiles of young children at play. 摄影家捕捉到了演出中孩子们 天真无邪的笑脸 【近】 artless, innocent, guileless, naïve, simple, unaffected, unpretending, unsophisticated 【反】 artful, cunning, sly 狡猾的；assuming, hypocritical 虚伪做作的；sophisticated, worldly 世故的，老练的 【考法2】 adj. 坦白的： openly straightforward or frank 【例】 her ingenuous thirst for knowledge 她对知识毫不掩饰的渴望 【近】 candid, frank, open, plain, unconcealed 【反】 ambiguous, equivocal, evasive 含糊其辞的

naïve

【考法1】 adj. 天真纯朴的： lacking worldly experience and understanding, simple and guileless 【例】 a child with a naïve charm 天真无邪的孩子 【近】 artless, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, natural, simple, unaffected, unsophisticated 【反】 sophisticated, worldly 世故的；affected, artful, assuming, dishonest, dissembling, guileful 虚伪、做作的 【派】 naivety n. 天真

lavish

【考法1】 adj. 奢侈大量的： characterized by or produced with extravagance and profusion 【例】 lavish buffet 奢侈的自助餐 【近】 copious, exuberant, gushing, lush, luxuriant, opulent, profuse, riotous 【反】 moderate, modest, reasonable, temperate 适度的，合理的 【考法2】v. 挥霍，浪费： to give readily and in large quantities; to use up carelessly 【例】 a great actor who lavished his talent in lousy movies 将才华浪费在低劣电影上的影星 【近】 blow, dissipate, fritter, misspend, squander, waste 【反】 conserve 节约

palatial

【考法1】 adj. 宫殿般奢华的： of the nature of a palace, as in spaciousness or ornateness 【例】a palatial penthouse apartment 一套豪华的顶层公寓 【近】deluxe, lavish, luxuriant, opulent, sumptuous 【反】 ascetic, austere, humble, no-frills, spartan

lenient

【考法1】 adj. 宽大仁慈的： inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent 【例】 the lenient sentences 仁慈的审判 【近】 clement, gentle, merciful, mild, sparing, tender, tolerant 【反】 harsh, merciless, severe, strict 残酷的，严厉的 【派】 lenience n. 仁慈

measly

【考法1】 adj. 少得可怜的，微不足道的： so small or unimportant as to warrant little or no attention 【例】 gave the parking attendant a measly tip 给了停车保安少得可怜的小费 【近】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, minute, paltry, peanut, petty, slight, trifling, trivial 【反】 big, consequential, considerable, significant 大量的，重要的 grisly adj. inspiring repugnance; gruesome

mordant

【考法1】 adj. 尖酸刻薄的： biting and caustic in thought, manner, or style 【例】 feel embarrassed about the mordant satire of the critics 对评论家刻薄的讽刺感到尴尬 【近】 acerbic, acid, acrid, barbed, caustic, corrosive, pungent, sardonic, satiric, scalding, scathing, tart 【反】 congenial, genial 和蔼的 modern

mundane

【考法1】 adj. 尘世的，世俗化的： of, relating to, or typical of this world 【例】 As for opera, I prefer mundane to religious themes. 与宗教主题相比，我更喜欢世俗主题的歌剧 【近】 carnal, earthly, materialistic, secular, sensual, worldly 【反】 spiritual 精神上的；ethereal 虚无缥缈的，非尘世的 【考法2】 adj. 平凡的： relating to, characteristic of, or concerned with commonplaces 【例】 mundane concerns of day-to-day life 关于日常生活的一般顾虑 【近】 common, ordinary, prosaic 【反】 extraordinary 非凡的 mordant: adj. biting and caustic in thought, manner, or style.

peripatetic

【考法1】 adj. 巡游的，四处游历的： walking about or from place to place 【派】 peripatetic preachers 四处游历的传教士 【近】 ambulant, errant, nomadic, perambulatory, peregrine, vagabond, wandering 【反】 sedentary, settled 定居的 记】 源自peri + path 四处路上走；peri- 四周 + pate 头，智力→四周走并且有智力的人，原指亚里士多德学派，逍遥派，边来回走动边指导问题讨论

inimical

【考法1】 adj. 带有敌意的： reflecting or indicating hostility 【例】 a cold, inimical voice 冰冷而不友好的声音 【近】 antagonistic, hostile, opposing, unfriendly 【反】 amiable, amicable, friendly, hospitable 友好的；amenable 服从的 【考法2】 adj. 危及某人利益的，不利的： opposed to one's interests 【例】 Laws were designed to enhance national security but some regard as inimical to cherished freedoms. 法律旨在维护国家安全，但有人认为它危及了人们最为珍贵的权力——自由 【近】 counter, disadvantageous, negative, prejudicial, unfavorable 【反】 advantageous, favorable, positive, supportive, well-disposed 有利的，利好的

minatory

【考法1】 adj. 带来威胁的，有凶兆的： being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come 【例】 The novel's protagonist is haunted by a minatory black specter. 小说的主人公被不详的黑色幽灵所骚扰 【近】 baleful, direful, doomy, foreboding, ill-boding, inauspicious, menacing, portentous, sinister, threatening 【反】 unthreatening 不威胁的；reassuring 令人安心的 menace 威胁；minority 少数人是最有威胁的，财富与权力，甚至真理也掌握在少数人手中；mine + territory 我的地盘，谁也不准进来→威胁；monitor 监控并威胁

nondescript

【考法1】 adj. 平凡的，不吸引人的： lacking distinctive or interesting qualities 【例】 Their performance was disappointingly nondescript. 他们的演出令人失望，味同嚼蜡。 【近】 beige, characterless, featureless, indistinctive, vanilla 【反】 conspicuous, remarkable, striking 明显的，惊人的

quotidian

【考法1】 adj. 平凡的： everyday; commonplace 【例】 plagued by a quotidian coughing 每天被咳嗽困扰 【近】 commonplace, everyday, frequent, ordinary, routine, ubiquitous 【反】 remarkable, striking, extraordinary, unusual, rare, infrequent, seldom 不平常的

mediocre

【考法1】 adj. 平庸的，质量中等偏下的： moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary 【例】 Without a desire for success, life is at best mediocre. 没有对成功的强烈渴望，人生最多也就是碌碌无为 【近】 average, common, commonplace, fair, indifferent, medium, ordinary 【反】 outstanding, excellent, exceptional, extraordinary, impressive, superior 优秀的 【派】 mediocrity n. 平庸者；平庸

quiescent

【考法1】 adj. 平静的，静止的： being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive 【例】 a group of quiescent loungers 一群平静懒散的流浪汉 【近】 dull, inert, lethargic, sluggish, torpid 【反】 rambunctious, tumultuous, active, restlessly active 骚乱的

puerile

【考法1】 adj. 幼稚的，不成熟的： immature; lacking in adult experience or maturity 【例】 puerile remarks 幼稚的评论 【近】 adolescent, green, immature, puerile, unfledged, unformed, unripened 【反】 adult, experienced, grown-up, mature, ripe, sagacious 睿智的，成熟的

obligatory

【考法1】 adj. 强制性的： of the nature of an obligation; compulsory 【例】 obligatory military service 强制性的服军役 【近】 compulsory, imperative, involuntary, peremptory, required 【反】 discretionary, selective, elective, optional, voluntary 自由选择的，志愿的 【考法2】 adj. （见得多以至于）无聊的：used or heard so often as to be dull 【例】 the obligatory cliff-hanger endings for season finales of TV shows 电视剧总是以恶俗的惊心动魄的结局作为完季 【近】 banal, cliché, commonplace, hack, hackneyed, moth-eaten, musty, shopworn, stereotyped, threadbare, timeworn, trite, well-worn 【反】 fresh, new, novel, original, unclichéd, unhackneyed 新奇的

mandatory

【考法1】 adj. 强制的： forcing one's compliance or participation 【例】 GRE test is mandatory for all students, regardless of their nationality, who wish to apply for graduate schools in the United States. GRE 是每个申请美国研究生院的学生（无论国籍）所必须参加的考试 【近】 compulsory, forced, imperative, incumbent, involuntary, necessary, obligatory, peremptory, required 【反】 elective, optional, voluntary 可自由选择的，选修的

piddling

【考法1】 adj. 微不足道的： so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's consideration 【例】 raised a piddling objection to the plan 对计划提出了一个微不足道的反对 【近】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, measly, minute, paltry, peanut, slight, trifling, trivial 【反】 consequential, considerable, important, material, momentous, significant 重大的，重要的音：屁兜 + ling小东西，屁兜里一般只放一些琐屑的小东西，如纸片 padding n. unnecessary words used to make a speech or a piece of writing longer

puny

【考法1】 adj. 微小的，弱小的： of inferior size, strength, or significance; weak 【例】 I wouldn't mess with him—he makes bodybuilders look puny in comparison. 我不敢招惹他——其他健 身的人和他比起来都像小孩。 【近】 diminutive, dwarfish, slight, subnormal 【反】 enormous, considerable, grand, husky, king-size, outsize, overscale, substantial, whacking, whopping 巨大的

indispensable

【考法1】 adj. 必不可少的，不可或缺的： impossible to do without 【例】 She was becoming indispensible to him. 对他而言她逐渐变得不可替代 【近】 critical, crucial, imperative, necessary, necessitous, needed, required, requisite, vital 【反】 dispensable 可替代的；redundant, superfluous, surplus 多余的

morose

【考法1】 adj. 忧郁的： having a sullen and gloomy disposition 【例】 morose job seekers who are inured to rejection 习惯了被拒的郁郁寡欢的求职者 【近】 bleak, chill, dark, depressed, dire, dour, gloomy, lugubrious, saturnine, solemn, sulky, sullen, surly 【反】 bright, cheerful, festive, jovial, jocund, sanguine, lighthearted, rejoiced 高兴的，欢快的

leery

【考法1】 adj. 怀疑的，不信任的： suspicious or distrustful; wary 【例】 be leery of strangers 对陌生人的怀疑 【近】 dubious, distrustful, skeptical, suspicious, wary 【反】 credulous 轻信的

macabre

【考法1】 adj. 恐怖的： suggesting the horror of death and decay; gruesome 【例】 Impressively, Plants vs. Zombies presented a supposedly macabre themeinsuch anenjoyableway. 令 人难忘的是，《植物大战僵尸》将一个本应该十分恐怖的主题用一种如此欢乐的方式呈现出来 【近】 appalling, atrocious, dreadful, ghastly, gruesome, hideous, horrific, nightmarish, terrific 【反】 agreeable, delightful, enjoyable, pleasant 令人愉悦的 音：妈可怕,妈可怖，我的妈呀，好可怕，可怖；remarkable 非常的

malicious

【考法1】 adj. 恶意的： given to, marked by, or arising from malice; deliberately harmful 【例】 spread malicious gossips 散播恶意的流言蜚语 【近】 bad, cruel, despiteful, evil, malevolent, malign, mean, nasty, spiteful, vicious, virulent, wicked 【反】 benevolent, benign, benignant, charitable, kind, kindly 善良的，仁慈的【记】 mal 坏；malice

malign

【考法1】 adj. 恶意的： having or showing a desire to cause someone pain or suffering for the sheer enjoyment of it 【例】 Both parties to the divorce showed a malign desire to make each other's future life utterly miserable. 离 婚双方都表露出了恶毒的愿望，希望对方未来的生活陷入彻底的悲剧之中 【近】 bad, cruel, despiteful, evil, malevolent, malicious, mean, nasty, spiteful, vicious, virulent, wicked 【反】 benevolent, benign, benignant, charitable, kind, kindly 善良的，仁慈的 【考法2】 vt. 诽谤： to utter injuriously misleading or false reports about: speak evil of 【例】 the belief that it is possible to win an election without maligning anyone 一种信念，那就是要赢得一场选 举就不得不诽谤他人 【近】 asperse, blacken, calumniate, defame, libel, smear, traduce, vilify 【反】 acclaim, applaud, eulogize, extol, laud, praise 赞美；defend, vindicate 辩护

malodorous

【考法1】 adj. 恶臭的： having an unpleasant smell 【例】 American musteline will eject amalodorous fluid when startled. 美洲鼬科动物受惊吓时会喷出有恶臭味 的液体 【近】 fetid, foul, frowsy, funky, fusty, musty, noisome, rank, reeky, smelly, stinking, stinky 【反】 ambrosial, aromatic, fragrant, perfumed, redolent, savory, scented, sweet 芳香的，有香味的 【派】 malodorn. 恶臭

penitent

【考法1】 adj. 悔过的： feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses 【例】 a penitentbusinessman who had come to ask for forgiveness 一个来寻求宽恕的决定悔过自新的商人 【近】 apologetic, compunctious, regretful, remorseful, repentant, rueful, sorry 【反】 impenitent, remorseless, unapologetic, unrepentant 不知悔改的

mournful

【考法1】 adj. 悲伤的： feeling or expressing sorrow or grief 【例】 The mournful survivors of the disaster were faced with the grim task of burying the dead. 悲伤的幸存 者面临着掩埋灾难中死者尸体的可怕任务‖Mrs. Murphy fainted at the mournful news of her son's death. Murphy 太太听到她儿子的死讯后晕了过去 【近】 aching, agonized, anguished, doleful, dolorous, grievous, lamentable, lugubrious, melancholy, sad, woeful 【反】 cheerful, delighted, jocund, jovial, jubilant 快活的 【派】 mournfulness n. 悲伤

pessimistic

【考法1】 adj. 悲观的： tending to stress the negative or unfavorable or to take the gloomiest possible view 【例】 With that pessimistic attitude, it's no wonder you're depressed. 你的人生观如此悲观，难怪你会感到压抑 【近】 bearish, defeatist, despairing, downbeat, hopeless 【反】 optimistic 乐观的 【派】 pessimism n. 悲观主义

invidious

【考法1】 adj. 惹人反感的： tending to cause discontent, animosity, or envy 【例】 the invidious task of arbitration 令人反感的仲裁任务 【近】 abhorrent, detestable, obnoxious, odious, repugnant, repellent 【反】 agreeable, gratifying, pleasant 令人高兴的 【考法2】 adj. 羡慕嫉妒恨的： having or showing mean resentment of another's possessions or advantages 【例】 Inevitably, his remarkable success attracted the invidious attention of the other sales representatives. 不可避免地，他巨大的成功引来了其他销售代表羡慕嫉妒恨的眼光 【近】 covetous, envious, jaundiced, jealous, resentful, green-eyed另】 envious 嫉妒的, 羡慕的

jovial

【考法1】 adj. 愉快的： markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by jollity and conviviality 【例】 a jovial host 快活的主人 【近】 blithesome, festive, gay, gleeful, jocular, jocund, jolly, mirthful 【反】 lachrymose, saturnine 悲哀的；dour, dreary, morose, serious 阴郁的

obtuse

【考法1】 adj. 愚钝的： not having or showing an ability to absorb ideas readily 【例】 Are you being deliberately obtuse? 你是故意装笨吗? 【近】 dumb, fatuous, mindless, oafish, opaque, senseless, unintelligent, vacuous 【反】 insightful, apt, brainy, bright, brilliant, clever, fast, intelligent, keen, nimble, quick, quick-witted, sharp, sharp-witted, smart 有洞察力的，智慧

palatable

【考法1】 adj. 感到愉悦满足的： giving pleasure or contentment to the mind or senses 【例】 I always associate the palatable aroma of roasting turkey with Thanksgiving. 我总是把香喷喷的烤火鸡 的味道和感恩节联系起来 【近】 agreeable, blessed, congenial, delectable, delightful, delightsome, dreamy, dulcet, enjoyable, felicitous, grateful, gratifying, heavenly, jolly, luscious, pleasurable, satisfying, savory 【反】 disagreeable, pleasureless, unpalatable, unpleasant, unwelcome 不愉悦的

melodramatic

【考法1】 adj. 感情夸张的，伤感的： exaggeratedly emotional or sentimental; histrionic 【例】 Our office drama queen yet again made the melodramatic declaration that she was contemplating suicide. 我们办公室的"影后"又一次在危言耸听了：这回她说她准备自杀 【近】 dramatic, hammy, histrionic, mannered, pretentious, stagy 【反】 nondramatic, nontheatrical 平淡无奇的，非戏剧性的

munificent

【考法1】 adj. 慷慨的： very liberal in giving 【例】 The university received a munificent foundation grant. 大学收到了一笔慷慨的基金资助 【近】 bountiful, charitable, generous, liberal, openhanded, unsparing 【反】 closefisted, mean, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious, penurious, stingy, tightfisted 小气的 【派】 munificence n. 慷慨

indolent

【考法1】 adj. 懒惰的： averse to activity, effort, or movement 【例】 The sweltering afternoon made us indolent. 炎热的午后使我们懒散不愿行动 【近】 lazy, idle, shiftless, slothful, sluggish 【反】 diligent, industrious 勤奋的 【派】 indolence n. 懒惰 indoor 整天呆在家里不出去工作 in 不 + do 做 + lent 音:懒，不做事犯懒redolent adj. 芳香的

pusillanimous

【考法1】 adj. 懦弱的，胆小得令人鄙视的： lacking courage and resolution : marked by contemptible timidity 【例】 pusillanimous politicians who vote according to whichever way the political wind is blowing 胆小懦弱的 政客，舆论风向倒向谁就投票给谁 【近】 craven, dastardly, gutless, poltroon, recreant, spineless 【反】 brave, courageous, daring, dauntless, doughty, gallant, gutsy, intrepid, lionhearted, stalwart, stout, stouthearted, valiant, valorous 勇敢的puss 猫, 小姑娘 + ill有病 + animal动物，有病的小猫咪很胆小

prosperous

【考法1】 adj. 成功的，繁盛的： marked by vigorous growth and well-being especially economically 【例】 The company had a prosperous year. 公司今年业绩斐然。 【近】 booming, flourishing, halcyon, lush, palmy, roaring, thriving 【反】 depressed, impecunious 萧条的，贫穷的

querulous

【考法1】 adj. 抱怨的，爱发牢骚的： habitually complaining 【例】 a querulous voice 抱怨的声音 【近】 crabby, cranky, grouchy, grumpy 【反】 forbearing, long-suffering, patient, stoic, tolerant, uncomplaining 容忍的

prodigal

【考法1】 adj. 挥霍的： recklessly spendthrift 【例】 prodigal outlays for her clothes 买衣服时挥金如土 【近】 extravagant, profligate, squandering, unthrifty, wasteful 【反】 frugal, parsimonious, conserving, economical, economizing, penny-pinching, scrimping, skimping, thrifty 节省的，吝啬的 【派】 prodigality 浪费挥霍 【反】 penury, husbandry 贫困，节约 【考法2】 n. 败家子： someone who spends money freely or foolishly 【例】 The million-dollar lottery winner was such a prodigal that his windfall was exhausted after only a few years. 靠彩票中了百万的赢家是个败家子，几年之内就把这笔意外之财全部花完了。 【近】 fritterer, high roller, profligate, spender, spendthrift, squanderer, waster, wastrel 【反】 economizer, penny-pincher 吝啬的人

jocular

【考法1】 adj. 搞笑的，欢乐的： characterized by joking, playful 【例】 a jocular man who could make the most serious people laugh 这个搞笑的人可以使得最严肃的人都开 怀大笑 【近】 blithesome, festive, gleeful, jocund, jovial, mirthful 【反】 lachrymose, saturnine 悲哀的；dour, dreary, morose, serious 阴郁的 joke

ramshackle

【考法1】 adj. 摇摇欲坠的： appearing ready to collapse; rickety 【例】 a ramshackle cabin in the woods 树林中摇摇欲坠的小木屋 【近】 rickety, shaky, tottering 【反】 concrete, firm, solid, sturdy 坚固的；stable 稳定的

palpable

【考法1】 adj. 摸得到的： capable of being touched or felt 【例】 a small but palpable lump in my neck 我脖子上有一块小但是能摸得到的肿块 【近】 touchable 【反】 impalpable, intangible 【考法2】 adj. 明显的，易觉察的： easily perceived; obvious 【例】 a palpable difference 易觉察的差别 【近】 apprehensible, detectable, discernible, distinguishable, sensible 【反】 imperceptible, inappreciable, indistinguishable, insensible, undetectable 隐晦的，细微的

mendacious

【考法1】 adj. 撒谎的，虚假的： telling or containing lies 【例】 mendacious tales about his adventures 关于他冒险的虚假传说 【近】 dishonest, deceitful, fallacious, lying, spurious, untruthful 【反】 authentic, honest, truthful, veracious 真实的，诚实的

presumptuous

【考法1】 adj. 放肆的，冒昧的： overstepping due bounds (as of propriety or courtesy) 【例】 Under such a circumstance his demand for attention was utterly presumptuous. 在那种情况下他要求被关注是极其冒昧的 【近】 audacious, bold, brash, impertinent, impudent, insolent, pompous, presuming 【反】 courteous, decorous, genteel, gracious, urbane 举止得体的，有礼貌的 【考法2】 adj. 傲慢的： having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude 【例】 The presumptuous doctor didn't even bother to explain to me the treatment that I would be receiving. 傲慢的医生连给我说明我会接受何种治疗的耐性都没有。 【近】 assumptive, bumptious, cavalier, haughty, imperious, lofty, overweening, peremptory, supercilious 【反】 humble, modest 谦卑的

rakish

【考法1】 adj. 放荡的，行为不检点的： having or showing lowered moral character or standards; dissolute 【例】 He wore his hat at a rakish angle. 他帽子戴得吊儿郎当的。 【近】 debased, debauched, demoralized, depraved, dissolute, libertine, perverse, perverted, reprobate 【反】 good, moral, pure, righteous, virtuous 有美好品德的；uncorrupted 不放荡的 【派】 rake n. 行为不检点的人，放荡的人

natty

【考法1】 adj. 整洁的，时髦的： trimly neat and tidy 【例】 a natty young woman 整洁漂亮的年轻女子 【近】 dapper, smart, spruce 【反】 frowsy, sloppy, slovenly 邋遢的

oblique

【考法1】 adj. 斜的： inclined or twisted to one side 【例】 gave the eavesdropper an oblique glance 给了偷听者一个白眼 【近】 askew, cant, inclined, leaning, listing, slanted, sloping, tilted 【反】 direct, even, level, straight 笔直的

novel

【考法1】 adj. 新奇的： strikingly new, unusual, or different 【例】 a novel scheme to collect money 一种新颖的筹钱手段 【近】 original, unaccustomed, unfamiliar, unheard-of, unknown, unprecedented 【反】 banal, timeworn, familiar, hackneyed, time-honored, tired, warmed-over 陈腐的

nascent

【考法1】 adj. 新生的： coming or having recently come into existence 【例】 The rise of the nascent middle class catalyzed a new economic boom. 新生中产阶级的崛起催生了一 场新的经济繁荣 【近】 beginning, emerging, inceptive, inchoate, incipient, initial, introductory 【反】 full-blown, full-fledged, mature, ripe 成熟的；moribund 将死的 【派】 nascence n. 新生的状态

inchoate

【考法1】 adj. 新生的： in an initial or early stage 【例】 inchoate feelings of affection for a man 刚刚产生的好感 【近】 aborning, beginning, inceptive, incipient, initial, nascent 【反】 adult, full-blown, full-fledged, mature, ripe 成熟的，成型的；moribund 将死的 【考法2】 adj. 未完全成型的： imperfectly formed or developed 【例】 a vague, inchoate notion 模糊而不成形的想法 【近】 amorphous, formless, shapeless, undeveloped, unformed, unshaped

paltry

【考法1】 adj. 无价值的；微不足道的： lacking in importance or worth 【例】 used a paltry, underhanded scheme to get him fired 用一个微小卑鄙的手段炒了他鱿鱼 【近】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, niggling, piddling, piffling, trivial 【反】 significant, important, big, consequential, considerable, material 意义重大的 【考法2】 adj. 让人厌恶，让人鄙视的： arousing or deserving of one's loathing and disgust 【例】 a paltry, underhanded scheme to get someone fired 一个卑鄙的炒掉某人的计谋 【近】 cheap, cruddy, deplorable, despicable, grubby, lame, lousy, mean, scummy, scurvy, sneaking, wretched 【反】 admirable, commendable, creditable, laudable, meritorious, praiseworthy 令人尊敬的

nugatory

【考法1】 adj. 无关紧要的： of little or no consequence; inconsequential 【例】 the book is entertaining, but its contributions to Shakespearean scholarship are nugatory 这本书娱乐 性不错，但是对于莎士比亚研究的贡献微不足道 【近】 incidental, inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, negligible, trifling, trivial 【反】 consequential, eventful, important, major, meaningful, momentous, significant, substantial, unfrivolous, weighty 重要的【记】 形意类似 negative 否定，消极的<br/>【另】 niggle 为琐事费心, 拘泥小节

incontrovertible

【考法1】 adj. 无可争议的： not open to question 【例】 incontrovertible facts 无可非议的事实 【近】 certain, inarguable, incontestable, indisputable, indubitable, positive, sure, undeniable, unquestionable 【反】 arguable, controversial, debatable, disputable, problematic, questionable, refutable 有争议的 【派】 incontrovertibility n. 无可争议

innocuous

【考法1】 adj. 无害的： producing no injury 【例】 The government enacted a more strict regulation on innocuous preservatives. 政府对无害防腐剂制定了更为严格的规定 【近】 anodyne, benign, harmless, inoffensive, nontoxic, safe 【反】 damaging, detrimental, harmful, injurious, noxious, pernicious 有害的 【考法2】 adj. 乏味的，不会引起敌意的： not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings or hostility 【例】 He made an innocuous remark to avoid conflict. 为了避免冲突，他做了一个中庸的评价 【近】 bland, inoffensive, insipid, neutral, sapless 【反】 provoking 刺激性的 in 无 + noc- 坏的，毒的；innoxious 无害，无毒的<br/>【另】 nocent 有害的, noxious 有害的，有毒的，innoxious 无害，无毒的, obnoxious 不愉快的, 讨厌的<br/>

interminable

【考法1】 adj. 无尽头的： having or seeming to have no end 【例】 A large audience fell asleep during the interminable sermon. 许多观众都在冗长的布道演说上睡着了 【近】 continual, ceaseless, endless, everlasting, perpetual 【反】 completed 完成的

insouciant

【考法1】 adj. 无忧虑的，不在乎的： free from concern, worry, or anxiety 【例】 an insouciant shrug 无所谓地耸耸肩 【近】 carefree, casual, indifferent, nonchalant, unconcerned 【反】 anxious, careworn 焦虑的；concerned, worried 关注的，担心的 【派】 insouciance n. 不在乎 in + soul

omniscient

【考法1】 adj. 无所不知的： possessed of universal or complete knowledge 【例】 an omniscient deity 无所不知的神 【反】 vacuous 无知的

inexorable

【考法1】 adj. 无法劝阻的，不为所动的： not to be persuaded, moved, or stopped 【例】 the seemingly inexorable rise in unemployment 看起来无法阻止其高攀的失业率 【近】 inflexible, adamant, obdurate, relentless, rigid, unyielding 【反】 flexible 易受影响的；yielding 屈服的 【派】 inexorably adv. 势不可挡地

intangible

【考法1】 adj. 无法感知的，无形的： incapable of being perceived by the senses 【例】 intangible value of a good reputation 良好声誉的无形价值 【近】 impalpable, imperceptible, imponderable, inappreciable, indiscernible, insensible, invisible 【反】 corporeal 肉体的，有形的；palpable, tactile, tangible, touchable 可感知的

inanimate

【考法1】 adj. 无生命的： not having the qualities associated with active, living organisms 【例】 He thinks that inanimate objects have a life of their own. 他认为无生命的事物其实也是有生命的 【近】 dead, lifeless, insensible, insentient, senseless, unfeeling 【反】 animate, living 有生命的

pallid

【考法1】 adj. 无生气的，缺乏活力的： lacking in radiance or vitality; dull 【例】 The movie is a pallid version of the classic novel. 这部经典小说改编的电影很苍白无力。 【反】 piquant 兴奋的 【考法2】 adj. 苍白无血色的： having an abnormally pale or wan complexion 【例】 a pallid girl who looked as though she'd never seen the sun 一个面色苍白的姑娘，仿佛从来没有晒过太阳 【近】 ashen, ashy, blanched, pasty, wan 【反】 rubicund, blooming, florid, flush, full-blooded, glowing, ruddy, sanguine 红润的

intrepid

【考法1】 adj. 无畏的： characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and endurance 【例】 an intrepid explorer 无畏的探险家 【近】 audacious, brave, bold, courageous, dauntless, fearless, gallant, valiant, valorous 【反】 apprehensive 恐惧的；cowardly, craven, gutless, pusillanimous, timorous 怯懦的，胆小的 【派】 intrepidity n. 无所畏惧

insensible

【考法1】 adj. 无知觉的： having lost consciousness, especially temporarily 【例】 The security guard was knocked insensible by a sudden blow. 保安被突如其来的一击敲晕了 【近】 anesthetic, insensate, senseless, unfeeling, unconscious 【反】 conscious 神志清醒的 【考法2】 adj. 漠不关心的： not emotionally responsive 【例】 insensible to workers' requests 对工人的要求无动于衷 【近】 apathetic, bloodless, callous, dull, impassive, indifferent, nonchalant, phlegmatic 【反】 concerned 关切的 【考法3】 adj. 粗俗的，没品味的： lacking in refinement or good taste 【例】 She married an insensible brute upon whom the niceties of life were completely lost.她嫁给了一个毫无品味的凡夫俗子，从此她的生活再无任何情趣 【近】 crass, crude, incult, lowbred, tasteless, uncouth, uncultivated, uncultured, unpolished, unrefined, vulgar 【反】 civilized, cultivated, cultured, genteel, polished, refined, smooth, tasteful 有品位的

jejune

【考法1】 adj. 无趣乏味的： not interesting; dull 【例】 jejune lectures 无聊的讲座 【近】 arid, drab, dreary, leaden, monotonous, ponderous, tedious, weary 【反】 absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting, thought provoking 促人深思的，吸引人的 【考法2】 adj. 幼稚的： having or showing the annoying qualities (as silliness) associated with children 【例】 an essay filled with jejune, simplistic opinions about international politics 充满着有关国际政治的幼稚、简 单看法的文章 【近】 adolescent, immature, infantile, juvenile, kiddish, puerile 【反】 adult, grown-up, mature 成熟的

myriad

【考法1】 adj. 无限的，大量的： constituting a very large, indefinite number 【例】 the myriad stars of a summer night 夏日夜空中的无尽繁星 【近】 innumerable, numerous, uncountable, untold 【反】 few, scarce, scanty 少的，缺乏的；countable, enumerable 可数清my read 我读过的书(单词)有许多

incandescent

【考法1】 adj. 明亮灿烂的： strikingly bright, radiant, or clear 【例】 incandescent light bulbs 明亮的灯泡 【近】 beaming, brilliant, dazzling, effulgent, glowing, lucent, luminous, lustrous, radiant, refulgent, shining 【反】 dim, dull, lackluster 黯淡的 【考法2】 adj. 热情饱满的： characterized by glowing zeal 【例】 It makes me incandescent with fury. 它让我愤怒不已 【近】 ardent, demonstrative, emotional, fervid, impassioned, passionate, torrid, vehement 【反】 cold, cool, dispassionate, emotionless, impassive, unemotional 无感情的，漠然的

overt

【考法1】 adj. 明显的，公开的： open and observable; not hidden, concealed, or secret 【例】 overt hostility 公然的敌意 【反】 shadowy 模糊的

levelheaded

【考法1】 adj. 明智的： characteristically self-composed and sensible 【例】 a levelheaded assessment of the problem 对于问题的一个明智的评估 【近】 informed, justified, logical, rational, reasonable, sensible, sober, valid, well-founded 【反】 foolish 愚蠢的；groundless, invalid, unfounded, unjustified, unsound 没有根据的，理由不充分的

prudent

【考法1】 adj. 明智的： marked by wisdom or judiciousness; wise 【例】 prudent advice 明智的建议 【近】 advisable, desirable, judicious, politic, tactical, intelligent 【反】 fool 傻的 【考法2】 adj. 小心谨慎的，审慎的： marked by circumspection

labile

【考法1】 adj. 易变的，不稳定的： continually undergoing chemical, physical, or biological change; unstable 【例】 labile mineral 不稳定的矿物质‖an emotionally labile person 一个多愁善感的人 【近】 capricious, fluctuating, fluid, inconstant, mercurial, temperamental, unsettled, unsteady, variable, volatile 【反】 constant, immutable, invariable, stable, stationary, steady 稳定的

pliable

【考法1】 adj. 易弯曲的，柔软的： supple enough to bend freely or repeatedly without breaking 【例】 pliable optical fiber 柔软的光纤 【近】 adaptable, ductile, flexible, limber, plastic, supple 【反】 inflexible, rigid, stiff 不易弯曲的；unbending 难弯曲的 【考法2】 adj. 易受影响的，温顺的： easily influenced, persuaded, or swayed 【例】 He took advantage of the pliable mind of youth. 他利用了年轻人容易受他人教唆的特点。 【近】 compliant, docile, obedient, pliant, tractable, subdued 【反】 contumacious, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous, recalcitrant, refractory, unruly 难控制的

pliant

【考法1】 adj. 易弯曲的： easily bent or flexed 【例】 a pliant young tree 易弯曲的小树 【近】 adaptable, ductile, flexible, limber, plastic, supple 【反】 inflexible, rigid, stiff 不易弯曲的；unbending 难弯曲的 【考法2】 adj. 顺从的： yielding readily to influence or domination 【例】 She's proud and stubborn, you know, under that pliant exterior. 你知道在温顺的外表下，她骄傲而固执。 【近】 compliant, docile, obedient, pliant, tractable, subdued 【反】 contumacious, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous, recalcitrant, refractory, unruly 难控制的

patent

【考法1】 adj. 显而易见的，明显的： readily visible or intelligible: obvious 【例】 Unfortunately, the patent flaw of the proposal did not deter the city council from putting it up for a vote. 不幸的是，尽管提案中有着显而易见的缺陷，市议会依然将它拿出来进行投票 【近】 apparent, blatant, conspicuous, evident, flagrant, manifest, obvious, plain 【反】 concealed, hidden, invisible 隐藏的，不可见的

paramount

【考法1】 adj. 最重要的： of chief concern or importance 【例】 The paramount goal is to restore the colonial-era house with complete historical accuracy. 最重要的任 务就是十分精确地依照历史重建殖民时期的建筑 【近】 cardinal, chief, key, leading, main, predominant, preeminent, primary, principal, supreme 【反】 ancillary, secondary 次要的；paltry, petty, trifling, trivial 不重要的

ponderable

【考法1】 adj. 有价值的，值得考虑的： considerable enough to be weighed or assessed 【例】 Climate change has exerted a ponderable influence on world politics. 气候变化对世界政局有着不容 忽视的影响。 【近】 appreciable, perceptible, sensible 【反】 inappreciable 微不足道的

lucid

【考法1】 adj. 有光亮的： suffused with light 【例】 Those lucid bands that spread across the arctic sky are known as aurora borealis, or the northern lights. 那些蔓延在北极的天空中光带就是北极光 【近】 beaming, brilliant, dazzling, glowing, incandescent, lucent, luminous, lustrous, radiant, refulgent, splendid 【反】 dim, dull, lackluster 黯淡无光的 【考法2】 adj. 神志清醒的： having full use of one's mind and control over one's actions 【例】 decided to make out her will while she was still lucid 决定趁着她神志还清醒，列出她的遗愿 【近】 balanced, clearheaded, normal, right, sane, stable 【反】 brainsick, crazy, insane, lunatic, mad, maniac 疯狂的 【考法3】 adj. 表达清晰的, 简单易懂的： easily understood 【例】 The teaching assistant tried to make his instructions as lucid as possible so that everyone would understand what to do. 助教努力使自己的指令容易理解，从而让所有人都知道应该要干什么 【近】 apprehensible, clear, comprehensible, intelligible, palpable, patent, pellucid, plain, understandable 【反】 ambiguous, enigmatic, equivocal, indistinct, obfuscated, obscure, unclear 模糊不明确的

lustrous

【考法1】 adj. 有光泽的： having a shiny surface or finish 【例】 lustrous black hair 乌黑光亮的头发 【近】 brilliant, burnished, gleaming, glistening, glossy, polished, refulgent, rubbed, shining, sleek, splendid 【反】 dim, dull, lackluster, lusterless 昏暗的

noxious

【考法1】 adj. 有害的，有毒的： harmful to living things; injurious to health 【例】 noxious waste 有害的废弃物 【近】 unwholesome, baneful, deleterious, detrimental, nocuous, pernicious, wicked 【反】 beneficial, salubrious, anodyne, benign, harmless, hurtless, innocent, innocuous, inoffensive, safe 有益的，无害的 【考法2】 adj. 产生强烈厌恶的： causing intense displeasure, disgust, or resentment 【例】 a noxious new breed of horror movie in which graphic depictions of torture are presented as entertainment 在一部新的恐怖电影中，对于酷刑生动的描述被当做是娱乐 【近】 abhorrent, abominable, appalling, awful, disgusting, distasteful, dreadful, foul, fulsome, gross, hideous, horrid, loathsome, nasty, nauseating, noisome, obnoxious, odious, repellent, repugnant, repulsive, revolting, scandalous

noisome

【考法1】 adj. 有害的，有毒的： noxious, harmful 【例】 noisome chemical fumes 有害的化学烟雾 【近】 deleterious, detrimental, insalubrious, noxious, unhealthy, unwholesome 【反】 beneficial 有益的；healthy, salubrious, wholesome 有益健康的 【考法2】 adj. 恶臭的： offensive to the senses and especially to the sense of smell 【例】 noisome garbage 恶臭的垃圾 【近】 fetid, foul, malodorous, smelly, stinky 【反】 ambrosial, aromatic, fragrant, perfumed, redolent, savory, scented, sweet 有香味的 【考法3】 adj. 非常令人厌恶的： highly obnoxious or objectionable 【例】 noisome habits of littering 让人反感的随地乱扔垃圾的坏习惯 【近】 abhorrent, appalling, disgusting, hideous, loathsome, nauseating, offensive, repugnant, repulsive 【反】 appealing, captivating, enchanting, fascinating 有吸引力的；agreeable, pleasant 令人愉悦的

pernicious

【考法1】 adj. 有害的： highly injurious or destructive 【例】 Business may be troublesome but idleness is pernicious. 工作烦人，懒散害人 【近】 adverse, baleful, damaging, deleterious, detrimental, hurtful, injurious, mischievous, nocuous, noxious 【反】 anodyne, benign, harmless, innocent, innocuous, inoffensive, safe 温和的，无害的

polished

【考法1】 adj. 有教养的： showing a high degree of refinement and the assurance that comes from wide social experience 【例】 He maintained a very polished tone in his correspondences. 他在通信中保持着一种极有教养的口吻。 【近】 cultivated, cultured, genteel, refined, urbane 【反】 gauche, rustic, philistine 粗俗的；uncivilized, untutored 未开化的 【考法2】 adj. 擦亮的： having a shiny surface or finish 【例】 She could see her face reflected in the polished hood of the car. 她可以通过引擎盖光亮的表面看到自己 的脸。 【近】 buffed, burnished, glistening, lustrous, rubbed, satiny, sleek 【反】 dim, dull, flat, lusterless 黯淡无光的 【派】 polish v. 擦亮

intimate

【考法1】 adj. 有紧密联系的，亲密无间的： marked by very close association, contact, or familiarity 【例】 intimate friends since childhood 孩童时期以来的密友 【近】 familiar, close, confidential 【反】 distant, remote 疏远的 【考法2】 adj. 不为人知的： not known or meant to be known by the general populace 【例】 They broke up after she shared intimate information with all 500 of her closest friends. 在她把那些不为人知的消息告诉了她500 个朋友之后，他们分手了 【近】 confidential, esoteric, nonpublic, secret 【反】 open, public 公开的 【考法3】 n. 密友： a person who has a strong liking for and trust in another 【例】 Usually quite aloof in public, he's actually quite relaxed with his intimates. 通常他在大众面前显得比较孤 傲，但和好朋友在一起时他却是个很放松的人 【近】 acquaintance, amigo, comrade, confidant, friend, insider, mate 【反】 stranger 陌生人；enemy, foe 敌人 【考法4】 v. 迂回地交流，间接地沟通： to communicate delicately and indirectly 【例】 intimate a wish to leave 暗示想离开 【近】 allude, connote, hint, imply, indicate, infer, suggest 【反】 articulate 清晰明确地说

provisory

【考法1】 adj. 有附带条件的，临时的： depending on a proviso; conditional; serving in a position for the timebeing 【例】 a provisory permit to block off the street while movie scenes were being shot 一个同意在电影拍摄期间 封锁道路的临时许可 【近】 interim, provisional, provisionary, provisory 【反】 unconditional, long-term, permanent 无条件的，永久的

obedient

【考法1】 adj. 服从的，顺从的： submissive to the restraint or command of authority 【例】 that girl is so obedient that she does everything the first time she is asked 这个妹子如此顺从，叫她做事随 叫随到 【近】 amenable, compliant, submissive, tractable 【反】 contumacious, imperial, balky, contrary, contumacious, defiant, disobedient, froward, incompliant, insubordinate, intractable, noncompliant, obstreperous, rebel, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, restive, unamenable, ungovernable, unruly, untoward, wayward, willful 顽固的，不服从的

ingrained

【考法1】 adj. 本质的，根深蒂固的： forming a part of the essence or inmost being; firmly established 【例】 ingrained prejudice against foreigners 对外国人根深蒂固的偏见 【近】 constitutional, immanent, inborn, indigenous, inherent, innate, intrinsic 【反】 adventitious 外来的，偶然的；extraneous, extrinsic 非本质的，外在的 【派】 ingrain 灌输，使根深蒂固

mongrel

【考法1】 adj. 杂种的，混血儿的： of mixed origin or character 【例】 homeless mongrel dogs on the streets 街上的流浪杂种狗 【近】 crossbred, hybrid 【反】 purebred 纯种的【记】 音：蒙古人，蒙古人是混血，如胡人，匈奴

piebald

【考法1】 adj. 杂色的： of different colors 【例】 a piebald horse 一匹杂色马 【近】 blotched, dappled, marbled, mottled, splotched, spotted 【反】 monochromatic 单色的 【考法2】 adj. 混合的，杂糅而成的： consisting of many things of different sorts 【例】 his piebald ethnic background 他身为混血儿的背景 【近】 assorted, eclectic, heterogeneous, hybrid, magpie, mixed, motley, promiscuous, varied 【反】 homogeneous 由相同类型事物组成的

redoubtable

【考法1】 adj. 杰出的，值得尊敬的： worthy of respect or honor 【例】 a surprising discovery by one of the most redoubtable figures in Egyptian archaeology 埃及考古学领域最值得敬重的人物之一所做出的一个惊人发现 【近】 bright, distinguished, illustrious, luminous, notable, noteworthy, outstanding, preeminent, prestigious 【反】 average, inferior, mediocre 平庸的，中等偏下的 【考法2】 adj. 可怕的： arousing fear or awe 【例】 His next opponent would be by far the most redoubtable adversary the young boxer had ever faced. 年轻的拳击手的下一个对手将会是迄今为止他见过的最可怕的敌人 【近】 direful, dreadful, fearsome, formidable, frightening, ghastly, horrifying, intimidating, scary, terrifying 【反】 calming, comforting, consoling, lulling, pacifying, quieting, reassuring, relaxing, soothing 令人放松的

meticulous

【考法1】 adj. 极为谨慎的： marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or treatment of details 【例】 He was so meticulous about everything. 他对所有事都一丝不苟 【近】 careful, conscientious, exact, fussy, heedful, painstaking, punctilious, scrupulous 【反】 careless, feckless, heedless, thoughtless 疏忽大意的

nefarious

【考法1】 adj. 极坏的，邪恶的： flagrantly wicked or impious 【例】 a nefarious scheme to assassinate the archbishop 企图刺杀大主教的邪恶阴谋 【近】 atrocious, degenerate, devious, evil, heinous, infamous, miscreant, vicious, villainous, wicked 【反】 ethical, righteous, upright, virtuous 品德高尚的；beneficial 有益的；exemplary 模范【记】 ne 不 + fair 公正，公平，不公平就是邪恶

miniscule

【考法1】 adj. 极小的： very small 【例】 a miniscule progress 极小的进步 【近】 atomic, infinitesimal, microscopic, miniature, minute, tiny 【反】 colossal, elephantine, enormous, gargantuan, gigantic, huge, immense, mammoth, prodigious 巨大的

perspicacious

【考法1】 adj. 极敏锐的，有洞察力的： having or showing penetrating mental discernment; clear-sighted 【例】 an impartial and perspicacious judge 一个明镜高悬的法官 【近】 astute, savvy, sharp, sharp-witted, shrewd, smart 【反】 ignorant, oblivious, unknowing 未察觉的，无知的 【派】 perspicacity n. 敏锐，洞察力

momentous

【考法1】 adj. 极重要的： of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence 【例】 Battle of Stalingrad is a momentous campaign in World War 2. 斯大林格勒之战是第二次世界大战中具 有重大意义的一次战役 【近】 consequential, considerable, crucial, eventful, important, monumental, pivotal, significant, vital, weighty 【反】 inconsequential, negligible, slight, trifling, trivial 无关紧要的

integral

【考法1】 adj. 构成整体所必需的： essential to completeness 【例】 an integral part of the undergraduate curriculum 本科生课程的必修部分 【近】 critical, essential, indispensable, necessary, requisite, vital 【反】 redundant, superfluous, surplus 多余的 【考法2】 adj. 完整的： not lacking any part or member that properly belongs to it 【例】 the belief that athletics are essential to an integral life 坚信运动是完整的人生所不可或缺的一部分 【近】 comprehensive, entire, full, grand, intact, perfect, plenary, total, whole 【反】 imperfect, incomplete 不完美的，不完整的；partial 部分的

limp

【考法1】 adj. 柔软的，松散的： lacking firm texture, substance, or structure 【例】 Her hair hung limp about her shoulders. 她的头发软沓沓地垂在肩上 【近】 droopy, flaccid, floppy, lank, yielding 【反】 firm, stiff, sturdy, tense 坚硬的；resilient 有弹性的 【考法2】 adj. 软弱的，没有精神的： lacking strength or firmness; weak or spiritless 【例】 The team's limp performance has many people calling for the head coach's resignation. 队伍不给力 的表现让许多人呼吁教练下课 【近】 enervated, lackadaisical, languid, languishing, languorous, spiritless 【反】 ambitious, enterprising 有雄心壮志的； animated, energetic, motivated 精力充沛的，有积极性的 Voc.com 1. 【考法3】 vi. 跛行，艰难地行走： to move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily 【近】The project limped along with half its previous funding. 项目靠着之前一半的资金艰难地进展 【近】blunder, bumble, lumber, plod, struggle, stumble, trudge 2. not firm

lissome

【考法1】 adj. 柔软的： easily bent; supple 【例】 Rattan is such a lissome material that it can be used for all manner of furniture and baskets. 藤是一 种非常柔软而有韧性的材料，因此可以被用于形形色色的家具和篮子之中 【近】 flexible, limber, lithe, pliable, pliant, supple 【反】 solid 坚硬的；inflexible, rigid, stiff, stiffened 僵硬的 【考法2】 adj. 敏捷的，轻盈的： having the ability to move with ease; limber 【例】 a lissome ballerina 身姿矫捷的女芭蕾舞演员 【近】 agile, featly, feline, gracile, lithesome, nimble 【反】 awkward, clumsy, graceless, ungainly 笨拙的

nebulous

【考法1】 adj. 模糊的： indistinct, vague 【例】 a nebulous description of the topic 对于主题的模糊描述 【近】 ambiguous, arcane, equivocal, hazy, indistinct, muddy, murky, obscure, occult, vague 【反】 distinct 明显的；clear, definite, unambiguous, unequivocal 明确的 【派】 nebula n. 星云

jocund

【考法1】 adj. 欢快的，高兴的： sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or quality 【例】 old friends engaged in jocund teasing 老朋友相见，互相打趣调侃 【近】 blithesome, jocose, jocular, jolly, jovial, mirthful, sunny 【反】 lachrymose, saturnine 悲哀的；dour, dreary, morose, serious 阴郁的【记】 joke；音：找坑的，整天在BBS上灌水挖坑，还四处找坑挖，真是快乐啊

lopsided

【考法1】 adj. 歪的，倾斜的： leaning to one side 【例】 The portrait in the foyer was lopsided. 门厅里的画像挂歪了 【近】 askew, aslant, crazy, listing, oblique, pitched, skewed, slanted, tipping, uneven 【反】 even, level, straight 平的 【考法2】 adj.不平衡的，不协调的： lacking in balance, symmetry, or proportion 【例】 The arrangement of the furniture was lopsided. 家具的摆放太不协调了‖a lopsided score of 4-0 四比零的压倒比分 【近】 asymmetric, disproportional, irregular, off-balance, unbalanced, unequal 【反】 balanced 平衡的；symmetrical 对称的

perpetual

【考法1】 adj. 永恒的，不断的： continuing forever：everlasting 【例】 perpetual motion machine 永动机 【近】 ceaseless, dateless, deathless, endless, eternal, immortal, perpetual, undying, unending 【反】 ephemeral, evanescent, transient, transitory 稍瞬即逝的；provisional, temporary 暂时性的 【派】 perpetuate v. 使永恒

permanent

【考法1】 adj. 永恒的： continuing or enduring without fundamental or marked change; lasting forever 【例】 A temporary compromise has been accepted until a more permanent solution can be agreed upon. 在 更为持久的决案被通过之前，一个暂时性的妥协方案被接受了 【近】 ceaseless, dateless, deathless, endless, eternal, immortal, perpetual, undying, unending 【反】 ephemeral, evanescent, transient, transitory 稍瞬即逝的；provisional, temporary 暂时性的 【派】 permanence n. 永恒

pensive

【考法1】 adj. 沉思的，（尤指）哀思的： given to or marked by long, quiet and often musingly sadthinking 【例】 Rainy days often put her in a pensive mood. 雨天总是让她陷入深深的思考之中 【近】 broody, cogitative, meditative, melancholy, musing, reflective, ruminant, ruminative, thoughtful 【反】 mindless, thoughtless, unreflective 不加思考的

ponderous

【考法1】 adj. 沉重的： of very great weight 【例】 a ponderous machine 沉重的机器 【近】 cumbersome, heavy, hefty, massive, onerous, weighty 【反】 ethereal, gossamer, light, weightless 轻飘飘的 【考法2】 adj. 沉闷无聊的： oppressively or unpleasantly dull 【例】 a ponderous sermon no one really cares 实际上无人关心的沉闷无聊的布道 【近】 dreary, dull, flat, elephantine, monotonous, insipid, vapid 【反】 absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 极吸引人的

pitiless

【考法1】 adj. 没有同情心的： devoid of or unmoved by pity 【例】 a pitiless humiliation 毫不留情的羞辱 【近】 affectless, callous, coldhearted, cruel, harsh, indurate, merciless 【反】 charitable, clement, compassionate, humane, merciful, sympathetic, tender 有同情心的，仁慈的

languid

【考法1】 adj. 没精打采的，虚弱的： lacking energy or vitality; weak 【例】 be languid for weeks after surgery 术后的几周都无精打采的 【近】 debilitated, effete, enervated, feeble, frail, infirm, lackadaisical, spiritless, debilitated, sapped, enfeebled 【反】 animated, energetic, vehement, vivacious 有精力的；mighty, powerful, stalwart, stout, strong 强壮的

lethargic

【考法1】 adj. 没精打采的，行动迟缓的： of, relating to, or characterized by lethargy, sluggish 【例】 a big nice meal always makes me feel lethargic and sleepy 一顿大餐吃完总是让我既慵懒又想睡 【近】 dull, inert, quiescent, sluggish, torpid 【反】 dynamic, energetic, robust, vigorous 有精力的；active 活跃的

punctilious

【考法1】 adj. 注意细节的，一丝不苟的： strictly attentive to minute details of form in action or conduct. 【近】 decorous, proper, starchy, stilted 【反】 remiss, slipshod, casual, easygoing, informal, laid-back, unceremonious 粗心的

racy

【考法1】 adj. 活泼生动的： vigorous; lively 【例】 vivid writing and a racy plot that keeps readers turning the pages 栩栩如生的手法和生动新鲜的情节让读者手不释卷 【近】 animate, brisk, frisky, jaunty, perky, spirited, vivacious 【反】 tame, dead, inactive, inanimate, lackadaisical, languid, languorous, leaden, lifeless, limp, listless, spiritless, vapid 乏味的，死气沉沉的【记】 race 比赛，是充满活力，活泼与生动的，没有竞争就平淡无味

meteoric

【考法1】 adj. 流星般迅速而短暂的： similar to a meteor in speed, brilliance, or brevity 【例】 a meteoric rise to fame 一夜成名 【近】 ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, momentary, rapid, transient, transitory 【反】 enduring, lasting, permanent, prolonged 持久的

pompous

【考法1】 adj. 浮夸的： excessively elevated or ornate 【例】 The candidate was given to windy rhetorical speeches. 听众们听了一场冗长而浮夸的演讲。 【近】 affected, bombastic, flowery, grandiloquent, magniloquent, rhetorical, sonorous 【反】 homely 朴素的 【考法2】 adj. 傲慢的： having or exhibiting self-importance 【例】 a pompous politician who insisted on boarding the plane first 一个坚持要求优先登机的傲慢政客 【近】 arrogant, egocentric, haughty, pontifical, presumptuous, supercilious 【反】 humble, modest, unpretentious 谦逊的

puckish

【考法1】 adj. 淘气的，顽皮的： mischievous; impish 【例】 She had a puckish smile on her face. 她脸上挂着顽皮的笑容。 【近】 devilish, impish, prankish, rascally, waggish 【反】 sober, grave, staid 严肃的【记】 来自puck 恶作剧的小妖精, 形近poker 扑克里最大的是大鬼小鬼，就是精灵

recondite

【考法1】 adj. 深奥的，难解的： difficult or impossible for one of ordinary understanding or knowledge to comprehend 【例】 I think Quantum Mechanics and Random Process arethe two most recondite courses in our curriculum this semester. 我觉得量子力学和随机过程是这学期课表中最难的两门课程 【近】 abstruse, arcane, deep, enigmatic, esoteric, hermetic, occult, profound 【反】 facile, shallow, superficial 肤浅的；easy, simple 简单的【记】 re反复 + condition 条件，复杂的数学公式反复的有很多条件→深奥

measured

【考法1】 adj. 深思熟虑的，审慎的： deliberated, calculated 【例】 a measured response to the terrorist attack 就恐怖袭击做出的深思熟虑的反应 【近】 advised, calculated, considered, knowing, reasoned, studied, thoughtful, weighed 【反】 casual 随意的 ；uncalculated, unconsidered, unstudied 没仔细考虑过的

motley

【考法1】 adj. 混杂的，富于变化的： (especially of colors) having elements of great variety or incongruity 【例】 an arrangement of motley flowers 多种不同花束的组合 【近】 assorted, chromatic, kaleidoscopic, heterogeneous, indiscriminate, magpie, piebald, variegated 【反】 homogeneous, monochromatic, monotonous, unvaried 单一的，同一性的

latent

【考法1】 adj. 潜在的，不活跃的： present or potential but not evident or active 【例】 a latent infection 潜伏性传染病‖He has a latent talent for acting that he hasn't had a chance toexpress yet. 他有着表演的天赋，只不过他还没有机会来表现这一才能 【近】 dormant, fallow, inert, inoperative 【反】 apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, plain 明显的；active 活跃的 【派】 latency n. 潜伏期

ostentatious

【考法1】 adj. 炫耀卖弄的： marked by or fond of conspicuous or vainglorious and sometimes pretentious display 【例】 wears an ostentatious diamond ring on her finger 她手指上戴着一枚巨大的钻戒 【近】 flamboyant, flaring, flashy, splashy 【反】 modest, artless, austere, unpretentious, conservative, quiet, understated, unflamboyant, unflashy 谦让的， 朴素的，保守地

painstaking

【考法1】 adj. 煞费苦心的： taking pains: expending, showing, or involving diligent care and effort 【例】 It took months of painstaking research to write the book. 这本书的写作耗费了几个月的苦心研究。 【近】 careful, conscientious, fussy, meticulous, scrupulous 【反】 slipshod, cursory, careless 漫不经心的，草率的

proficient

【考法1】 adj. 熟练的，精通的： having or marked by an advanced degree of competence, as in an art, vocation, profession, or branch of learning 【例】 proficient in translating foreign languages 精通外语翻译 【近】 accomplished, complete, expert, skilled, versed, virtuoso 【反】 inept, incompetent, amateur, inexperienced, inexpert, jackleg, unprofessional, unseasoned, unskilled 无 能的

rapt

【考法1】 adj. 狂喜的： experiencing or marked by overwhelming usually pleasurable emotion 【例】 a rock band that still attracts rapt crowds 一个仍然拥有者狂热粉丝的乐队 【近】 elated, elevated, enraptured, entranced, euphoric, exhilarated, intoxicated, rapturous, rhapsodic 【反】 crestfallen, dejected, depressed 沮丧的；doleful, gloomy, melancholy, mournful, woeful 哀伤的 【考法2】 adj. 全神贯注的：deeply absorbed; engrossed 【例】 With a mixture of delight and awe, the rapt children stared at the chick in the incubator breaking out of its shell. 怀着愉快和敬畏的复杂心理，孩子们全神贯注地盯着孵化箱中的小鸡破壳而出。 【近】 absorbed, concentrated, deep, engrossed, enthralled, focused, immersed, intent, observant 【反】 absent, abstracted, distracted, inattentive 不专心的；apathetic, disinterested, unconcerned 冷漠的，不关 心的

rabid

【考法1】 adj. 狂热的，不冷静的： extremely zealous or enthusiastic; fanatical 【例】 soccer fans whose rabid enthusiasm makes them go berserk when their team wins 不冷静的粉丝们 在球队获胜以后变得很狂暴 【近】 delirious, ferocious, feverish, fierce, frantic, frenetic, violent 【反】 logical, detached 合常理的，客观的

negligent

【考法1】 adj. 疏忽大意的： failing to give proper attention or care 【例】 negligent in taking care of the children 粗心大意地照顾孩子 【近】 careless, derelict, heedless, neglectful, remiss 【反】 attentive, careful, cautious, heedful 专心的，谨慎的 【派】 negligence n. 疏忽

morbid

【考法1】 adj. 病态的： affected with or induced by disease 【例】 exhibit a morbid fascination 展现出一种病态的迷恋 【近】 diseased, pathological 【反】 verdant 青翠的 【考法2】 adj. 思想性格变态的： characterized by preoccupation with unwholesome thoughts or feelings 【例】 read the account of the murder with a morbid interest 怀着病态的心态读谋杀报告 【近】 brainsick, crazy, deranged, lunatic, psychotic 【反】 hale, salubrious, wholesome 健康的 【派】 morbidity n. 病态 moribund adj. dying

pertinent

【考法1】 adj. 相关的，恰当的： having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand 【例】 He impressed the jury with his concise, pertinent answers to the attorney's questions. 他对律师提出的 问题的简洁而恰当的回答给陪审团留下了深刻的印象 【近】 applicable, apposite, apropos, germane, material, pointed, relative, relevant 【反】 extraneous, immaterial, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelevant, pointless 无关的 【派】 pertinence n. 相关，恰当

plausible

【考法1】 adj. 看似有理的： superficially fair, reasonable, or valuable but often specious 【例】 a plausible argument 看起来头头是道的说理 【近】 believable, credible, likely, possible, presumable, probable 可信的 【反】 paradoxical 看似矛盾的；implausible, improbable, incredible, unbelievable, unlikely 不太可能的 【派】 plausibility n. 看似有理

inveterate

【考法1】 adj. 积习的： firmly established by long persistence 【例】 the inveterate tendency to overlook the obvious 总是忽视显而易见事物的习惯 【近】 chronic, entrenched, ingrained, rooted, settled, hard-cored 【反】 adventitious 偶然的 【记】 in + veteran 老兵, 老手, 富有经验的人, 退伍军人

inane

【考法1】 adj. 空洞的： lacking significance, meaning, or point 【例】 inane comments 空洞的评论 【近】 empty, insubstantial, pointless, senseless 【反】 meaningful, significant 有意义的；deep, profound 深刻的

maladroit

【考法1】 adj. 笨拙的： lacking or showing a lack of nimbleness in using one's hands 【例】 a maladroit movement 笨拙的动作 【近】 awkward, bumbling, clumsy, fumbled, gauche, graceless, heavy-handed, inept, unhandy 【反】 adroit,ambidexterous, deft, dexterous, handy 灵巧的

laconic

【考法1】 adj. 简洁（以至于显得粗鲁或难以理解）的： using or involving the use of a minimum of words: concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious 【例】 His mentor's comment tends to be laconic but very much to the point. 他导师的点评很简短，但是却总 能说到点子上 【近】 apothegmatic, brief, capsule, compact, compendious, curt, pithy, succinct, summary, telegraphic, terse 【反】 circuitous, circumlocutory, diffuse, prolix, rambling, verbose, windy, wordy 冗长的

kindred

【考法1】 adj. 类似的；具有相似或相近的起源，本性或性质的： having a similar or related origin, nature, or character 【例】 finally found people who were kindred spirits when she joined the hiking club 她加入登山俱乐部的时候终于发现了志向相同的人 【近】 agreeable, amicable, compatible, congenial, frictionless, unanimous, united 【反】 disagreeable, discordant, disharmonious, disunited, incompatible, inharmonious, uncongenial 不一致 不和谐的

insolent

【考法1】 adj. 粗野的，无礼的： audaciously rude or disrespectful 【例】 an insolent child with no respect or regard for anyone 对他人不敬的无礼的小孩 【近】 arrogant, audacious, bold, haughty, supercilious, impertinent, impudent 【反】 courteous, polite 有礼貌的；respectful 恭敬的；meek, mousy, timid 胆小的 【派】 insolence n. 无礼

pithy

【考法1】 adj. 精练的，简洁的： precisely meaningful; forceful and brief 【例】 The professor gave a pithy introduction to this course. 教授就这门课程做了简短的介绍。 【近】 apothegmatic, brief, capsule, compact, compendious, concise, laconic, succinct, telegraphic, terse 【反】 circuitous, circumlocutory, diffuse, rambling, prolix, verbose, windy, wordy 冗长累赘的 【派】 pithiness n. 简洁，犀利

palmy

【考法1】 adj. 繁荣的： marked by prosperity 【例】 the palmy days of the British drama 英国戏剧的繁荣时期 【近】 flourishing, prosperous, thriving, booming, lush, roaring, halcyon 【反】 failed, depressed, unprosperous, unsuccessful 不成功，不繁荣的

pristine

【考法1】 adj. 纯净的，质朴的，未被文明腐蚀的： remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization. remaining free from dirt or decay; clean 【例】 a pristine forest 一片未被文明影响的森林 【近】 immaculate, spotless, stainless, unsoiled, unstained, unsullied 【反】 tainted, squalid, contaminated, besmirched ,corrupted by civilization 污染的，被文明腐蚀的

petty

【考法1】 adj. 细微的，不重要的： of small importance; trivial 【例】 play petty tricks 耍小聪明 【近】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, measly, minute, paltry, peanut, slight, trifling, trivial 【反】 consequential, considerable, important, material, momentous, significant 重大的，重要的

lank

【考法1】 adj. 细长瘦弱的： long, straight, and limp; not stiff in structure 【例】 a woman with long, lank hair 有着长而稀疏头发的女子 【近】 emaciated, lean, slender, svelte, tenuous, thin 【反】 fat, fleshy, gross, obese 肥胖的 【考法2】 adj. 不僵硬的，柔软松弛的： not stiff in structure 【例】 Right after a shower, her lank hair hung down to her shoulders. 刚出浴的她柔软的头发搭在她的肩上 【近】 droopy, flaccid, floppy, lank, yielding 【反】 inflexible, rigid, stiff, sturdy, tense 僵硬的；resilient 有弹性的

prepossessing

【考法1】 adj. 给人好感的：serving to impress favorably 【例】 He was fascinated by her prepossessing appearance at first sight. 他第一眼就被她迷人的外表吸引了。 【近】 alluring, attractive, appealing, captivating, charming, enchanting, pleasing, riveting 【反】 abhorrent, appalling, disgusting, hideous, loathsome, repellent, repulsive 令人反感的 【派】 unprepossessing adj. 不吸引人的

insensitive

【考法1】 adj. 缺乏机智圆滑的，缺乏社交技巧的： lacking tact 【例】 so insensitive as to laugh at someone in pain 如此缺乏社交技巧以至于嘲笑处于悲痛中的人 【近】 gauche, impolite, insensible, tactless 【反】 considerate 为他人着想的 【考法2】 adj. 不敏感的，麻木的： not responsive or susceptible 【例】 insensitive to either criticism or commendation 对批评和表扬都不在乎 【近】 anesthetized, dead, numb, senseless, unfeeling 【反】 sensitive, tender 敏感的

myopic

【考法1】 adj. 缺乏远见的，缺乏辨别能力的： a lack of foresight or discernment 【例】 a myopic view on climate change 关于气候变化缺乏远见的观点 【近】 shortsighted, narrow-minded 【反】 far-sighted, foreseeing, improvident 有远见的；discerning 有辨别能力的 【派】 myopia n. 近视；鼠目寸光

prolix

【考法1】 adj. 罗嗦的，冗长的： tending to speak or write at excessive length 【例】 habitually transforms brief anecdotes into prolix sagas that exhaust his listeners 总是将简短的小趣事 变成冗长的传说故事，让听众很疲倦 【近】 diffuse, garrulous, rambling, verbose, windy 【反】 pithy, taciturn, terse, succinct, concise, extreme brief 精炼的，寡言的

incogitant

【考法1】 adj. 考虑不周的，不体谅的： thoughtless; inconsiderate 【例】 an incogitant litterbug 不体谅人的乱扔垃圾者 【近】 discourteous, disrespectful, ill-mannered, impertinent, inconsiderate, rude, thoughtless, ungracious 【反】 civil, considerate, courteous, genteel, gracious, thoughtful 体谅他人的，举止得体的 cogitate思考

ingenious

【考法1】 adj. 聪明的，有创造才能的： marked by originality, resourcefulness, and cleverness in conception or execution 【例】 Ingenious designers soon came up with a solution to the battery problem. 聪明的设计者们很快便提出了 电池问题的解决方案 【近】 artful, clever, imaginative, innovative, inventive, original 【反】 awkward 笨拙的；uncreative, unimaginative 无创造力或想象力的

infamous

【考法1】 adj. 臭名昭著的： having an extremely and deservedly bad reputation 【例】 an infamous city for smuggling and prostitution 因走私而和卖淫而臭名昭著的城市 【近】 notorious, opprobrious 【反】 distinguished, esteemed, prestigious, reputable 声名显赫的，受尊敬的 【派】 infamy n. 声名狼藉

nautical

【考法1】 adj. 航海的： of, relating to, or characteristic of ships, shipping, sailors, or navigation on a body of water 【例】 nautical mile 海里 【近】 marine, maritime, navigational 【反】 aeronautic 航空的；astronautic 航天的 nocturnal adj. relating to night

provident

【考法1】 adj. 节俭的： frugal; economical 【例】 it is possible to be provident without being miserly 人可以做到节俭但不吝啬 【近】 economical, sparing, thrifty, farsighted, provident, scrimping 【反】 profligate 挥霍的 【考法2】 adj. 有远见的： having or showing awareness of and preparation for the future 【例】 her provident measures kept us safe while we waited out the hurricane 她之前有远见的准备让我等待飓风结束的期间安全无恙 【近】 farseeing, farsighted, forehanded, foreseeing, forethoughtful, prescient, proactive, visionary 【反】 half-baked, half-cocked, improvident, myopic, shortsighted 目光短浅的

redolent

【考法1】 adj. 芳香的： having or emitting fragrance 【例】 be redolent with the aroma of baking bread 充满了烤面包的香味 【近】 ambrosial, aromatic, fragrant, perfumed, savory, scented, sweet 【反】 unscented 没有香味的；fetid, foul, malodorous, noisome, rancid, reeky, stinky 恶臭的，腐臭的 【派】 redolence n. 芳香，香味 indolent adj. lazy

lush

【考法1】 adj. 茂盛的： growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliage 【例】 lush grass 茂盛的草 【近】 booming, exuberant, flourishing, lively, luxuriant, rampant, thriving, verdant, vivacious 【反】 blighted, faded, sere, withered 干枯的，凋谢的 【考法2】 adj. 多产的： producing abundantly 【例】 His lush fields were the envy of neighboring farmers. 他富饶多产的土地让邻居羡慕嫉妒恨 【近】 cornucopian, fecund, fruitful, productive, prolific, rich 【反】 barren, dead, infertile, sterile, unproductive 贫瘠的 【考法3】 adj. （声音、味道）优美的，令人愉悦的： appealing to the senses 【例】 the lush sounds of the orchestra 管弦乐队奏出的悦耳声音 【近】 ambrosial, luscious, palatable, savory, sensuous, tasteful, tasty, voluptuous 【反】 flat, flavorless, insipid, stale, tasteless 乏味的

rash

【考法1】 adj. 草率的，仓促的： marked by or proceeding from undue haste or lack of deliberation or caution 【例】 That was too rash a move: for now you've lost your bishop and probably the whole chess game. 那一招棋着实是太草率了，现在你丢掉了象，很有可能会输掉整场比赛。 【近】 cursory, gadarene, headlong, hurried, overhasty, precipitate, precipitous, rushed 【反】 deliberate 慎重考虑的；leisurely, unhurried, unrushed 从容不迫的，不慌不忙的 【派】 rashly adv. 草率地，仓促地

preposterous

【考法1】 adj. 荒谬的，不符合常理的： contrary to nature, reason, or common sense 【例】 a preposterous conclusion of quantum mechanics 量子力学里有悖于常理的结论 【近】 absurd, asinine, fallacious, fatuous, lunatic, ludicrous, insane, irrational, unreasonable 【反】 commonsensical 常识性的；reasonable, sensible 有道理的

infirm

【考法1】 adj. 虚弱的： weak in body, especially from old age or disease 【例】 her aging, infirm husband 她上了年纪、身体虚弱的丈夫 【近】 debilitated, effete, enervated, feeble, frail, languid, sapped, unsubstantial 【反】 hale, mighty, powerful, rugged, stalwart, stout, strong 强壮的，有力的 【考法2】 adj. 不果断的，优柔寡断的： lacking firmness of will, character, or purpose 【例】 She has little patience with the "infirm of purpose". 她对那些优柔寡断的人没什么耐心 【近】 faltering, irresolute, vacillating, wavering 【反】 resolute 果断的

ragged

【考法1】 adj. 衣衫褴褛的： dressed in tattered or threadbare clothes 【例】 A ragged coat may cover an honest man. 不能以衣著取人。 【近】 raggedy, ragtag, tattered, tatterdemalion, shabby 【反】 kempt, neat, trim 整洁的 【考法2】 adj. 凹凸不平的，不光滑的： not having a level or smooth surface 【例】 She cut herself on the ragged edge of the tin can's lid. 她被罐头盖的锋利边缘割伤了。 【近】 broken, bumpy, coarse, irregular, jagged, lumpy, pebbly, rough, roughened, rugged, scraggy 【反】 even, flat, level, plane 平整的；smooth 光滑的

laudatory

【考法1】 adj. 表示赞扬的： of, relating to, or expressing praise 【例】 a laudatory review of the new play 对新剧目的赞扬性的评论 【近】 adulatory, commendatory, complimentary, extolling, eulogistic, panegyric 【反】 derogatory, depreciatory, disparaging, pejorative 贬低的 【派】 laudable adj. 值得赞扬的

ingratiating

【考法1】 adj. 讨人喜欢的： capable of winning favor 【例】 They adopted the orphan who had a most ingratiating smile. 他们收养了那名有着最惹人喜欢的笑容 的孤儿 【近】 disarming, endearing, insinuating, winsome 【反】 disagreeable 令人厌恶的 【考法2】 adj. 逢迎的，意在奉承的： intended or adopted in order to gain favor 【例】 an repulsive ingratiating smile 令人反感的阿谀奉承的微笑 【近】 adulatory, deferential, fawning, flattering, toady 【派】 ingratiate v. 讨好

loquacious

【考法1】 adj. 话多的： given to fluent or excessive talk 【例】 Sometimes the loquacious talk show host barely lets her guests get a word in. 有时候多话的脱口秀主持 人让她的客人一句话都插不进来 【近】 chatty, conservational, gabby, garrulous, talkative, voluble 【反】 laconic, reserved, reticent, taciturn, uncommunicative 话少的 【派】 loquaciousness, loquacity n.话多 logue, locu speak

mischievous

【考法1】 adj. 调皮的，调皮的： playful in a naughty or teasing way 【例】 The mischievous child broke the vase. 调皮的孩子打碎了花瓶 【近】 annoying, devious, errant, impish, misbehaving, naughty, playful, wicked 【反】 decorous, urbane 举止得体的 【考法2】 adj. 有害的： causing harm or trouble 【例】 mischievous rumors that defame him 恶意中伤他的谣言 【近】 adverse, baleful, baneful, deleterious, detrimental, evil, hurtful, injurious, nocuous, noxious, pernicious 【反】 beneficial 有益的；anodyne, benign, harmless, innocent, innocuous, inoffensive, safe 无害的【记】 来自mischief mis + chief 首领，头，对头不利→伤害；mis + achieve 达到，完成，没有，不让完成→损害，恶作剧

obsequious

【考法1】 adj. 谄媚的，奴性的： marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness 【例】 She's constantly followed by obsequious assistants who will do anything. 她总是有一群谄媚的跟班，原意 为她赴汤蹈火。 【反】 supercilious 目中无人的

meek

【考法1】 adj. 谦恭的： showing patience and humility; gentle 【例】 He was a meek, mild-mannered fellow. 他是个谦逊、温文尔雅的的人 【近】 humble, modest, unassuming, unpretentious 【反】 arrogant, bumptious, haughty, imperious, pompous, presumptuous, supercilious 自大的 【考法2】 adj. 顺从的： easily imposed on; submissive 【例】 He may be self-effacing, but he certainly isn't meek. 他可能是个很低调的人，但他绝非软骨头 【近】 compliant, docile, manageable, obedient, submissive, tractable 【反】 adamant, headstrong, intractable, obstinate, refractory, stubborn, unruly, unyielding 倔强的，不顺从的

luxurious

【考法1】 adj. 豪华的： showing obvious signs of wealth and comfort 【例】 The luxurious apartment was filled with the latest electronic gadgets and fine works of art. 豪华的公寓 里充斥着最新式的电子产品和精美的艺术作品 【近】 deluxe, lavish, luxuriant, luxury, opulent, palatial, plushy, silken, sumptuous 【反】 ascetic, austere, spartan 简朴的 【考法2】 adj. 奢侈的： given to or marked by excessive gratification of one's desires 【例】 squandered his family fortune in the relentless satisfaction of his luxurious tastes 为满足他奢侈的品味 而挥霍家族的财产 【近】 decadent, indulgent, overindulgent, self-indulgent, sybaritic 【反】 abstemious, abstinent 克制的 【派】 luxury n. 豪华；奢侈，奢侈品

meager

【考法1】 adj. 贫乏的： deficient in quantity, fullness, or extent; scanty 【例】 meager cultural resources 贫乏的文化资源 【近】 exiguous, niggardly, poor, scanty, scarce, skimpy, slender, slim, sparing, sparse, stingy 【反】 abundant, ample, bountiful, copious, generous, liberal, plenteous, plentiful 大量的，富足的

incipient

【考法1】 adj. 起初的，初现的： beginning to come into being or to become apparent 【例】 an incipient economic recovery 刚刚出现的经济复苏 【近】 aborning, beginning, inceptive, inchoate,initial, nascent 【反】 adult, full-blown, full-fledged, mature, ripe 成熟的，成型的；moribund 将死的

preternatural

【考法1】 adj. 超乎寻常的： surpassing the normal or usual 【例】 They exhibited preternatural courage in face of danger. 他们在危险面前显示出了超乎寻常的勇气。 【近】 aberrant, abnormal, anomalous, extraordinary, phenomenal, magical, miraculous, unearthly 【反】 common, ordinary, prosaic 平凡的

recumbent

【考法1】 adj. 躺着的： lying down, especially in a position of comfort or rest 【例】 lying recumbent on the floor 躺在地板上势 【近】 decumbent, procumbent, prone, prostrate, reclining, supine 【反】 erect, upright 直立的

plangent

【考法1】 adj. 轰鸣的： having a loud reverberating sound 【例】 The camera man was stunned by the plangent roar of wild animals. 摄影师被野生动物发出的怒号吓得 不知所措。 【近】 blaring, blasting, clamorous, deafening, earsplitting, resonant, resounding, sonorous, thunderous, vibrant 【反】 muffled, muted 声音被减弱的；gentle, low, soft 声音轻柔的 【考法2】 adj. having an expressive and especially plaintive quality, 凄切的 【例】 a plangent song about a long-ago love 一首关于往日爱情的凄凉歌曲 【近】 doleful, dolorous, funeral, grieving, lamentable, lugubrious, plaintive, rueful, sorrowful, woeful 【反】 agreeable, cheerful, delightful, enjoyable, jolly, pleasing 令人愉快的 可能来自plaint；plane 飞机 + generate 产生→飞机产生的轰鸣声；complain + generate 抱怨时产生的

pejorative

【考法1】 adj. 轻蔑的，贬低的： disparaging; belittling 【例】 I agree that I am ambitious, and I don't see it as a pejorative term. 我承认我"雄心勃勃"，但我并不认为这是一个贬义词 【近】 belittling, contemptuous, degrading, deprecatory, depreciative, derogative, disdainful, disparaging, scornful 【反】 commendatory, complimentary, laudatory 赞美的音：呸 + joy 高兴，呸，高兴啥？带有轻蔑及贬低地说<br/>

piquant

【考法1】 adj. 辛辣开胃的： pleasantly pungent or tart in taste 【例】 a piquant sauce 开胃的酱汁 【近】 peppery, poignant, salty, savory, spicy, zesty 【反】 insipid, vapid, zestless 索然无味的 【考法2】 adj. 令人振奋的： appealingly provocative 【例】 a piquant glance 充满挑逗的一瞥 【近】 exciting, pungent, racy, stimulating 【反】 flat, pallid 单调的，无聊的

pungent

【考法1】 adj. 辛辣的，讽刺的： marked by the use of wit that is intended to cause hurt feelings 【例】 pungent language 辛辣讽刺的语言 【近】 acerbic, acid, acrid, caustic, mordant, sardonic, scalding, scathing

opprobrious

【考法1】 adj. 辱骂的: expressing contemptuous reproach; scornful or abusive 【例】 opprobrious language 脏话 【近】 scurrilous, vitriolic, vituperative, contumelious 【考法2】 adj. 臭名昭著的，令人鄙视的: bringing disgrace; shameful or infamous 【例】 opprobrious conduct 令人鄙视的行为 【近】 discreditable, disgraceful, dishonorable, ignominious, infamous, notorious, shameful, unrespectable 【反】 irreproachable, honorable, reputable, respectable 无可指责的，受人尊敬的 【派】 opprobrium 恶名 【反】 good repute 好名声

migratory

【考法1】 adj. 迁移的： having a way of life that involves moving from one region to another typically on a seasonal basis 【例】 migratory birds heading south for the winter 为了越冬而往南飞的候鸟 【近】 migrant, mobile, nomad, nomadic, traveling 【反】 nonmigrant, resident, sedentary 常居一处的，不迁移的

maudlin

【考法1】 adj. 过于感伤的： effusively or tearfully sentimental 【例】 Some naive students display an almost maudlin concern for the welfare of animals while ignoring basic social inequity. 一些幼稚的学生忽视根本的社会不公平问题，而对动物的权益表现出一种多愁善感的忧虑 【近】 lachrymose, mawkish, mushy, overemotional, sentimental, tearful 【反】 blithe,cheerful, jocund, jovial, jubilant 高兴的；apathetic,impassive, indifferent 冷漠的 mandolin 曼德林，一种类似小提琴的乐器，听起来象二胡，令人感伤

inquisitive

【考法1】 adj. 过分好奇的： inordinately or improperly curious about the affairs of others 【例】 big sunglasses to frustrate inquisitive journalists 让狗仔队企图无法得逞的大墨镜 【近】 curious, inquiring, investigative, prying 【反】 indifferent , unconcerned, uninterested 不感兴趣的；incurious 无好奇心的 【派】 inquisitiveness n. 好奇

prudish

【考法1】 adj. 过分守礼的： marked by prudery 【例】 By the prudish standards of the 19th century, any depiction of the nude was scandalous. 根据19 世纪的保守标准，任何对裸露的刻画描述都是下流无耻的。 【近】 nice-nelly, prim, puritanical

mawkish

【考法1】 adj. 过度伤感的： excessively and objectionably sentimental 【例】 a mawkish love story 令人伤感的爱情故事 【近】 lachrymose, maudlin, mushy, overemotional, sentimental, tearful 【反】 blithe,cheerful, jocund, jovial, jubilant 高兴的；apathetic, impassive, indifferent 冷漠的

limpid

【考法1】 adj. 透明清澈的： characterized by transparent clearness 【例】 limpid streams 清澈的小溪 【近】 crystal, clear, lucent, pellucid, transparent 【反】 cloudy, murky, opaque, unclear, turbid 模糊不清的 【考法2】 adj. 镇定的，淡定的： free from emotional or mental agitation 【例】 the limpid outlook of a man who is at peace with himself as he awaits death 一个人在平静等待死亡的过程当中所体现出来的淡然的世界观 【近】 collected, composed, cool, level, peaceful, placid, possessed, sedate, serene, smooth, tranquil 【反】 agitated, discomposed, disturbed, flustered, perturbed 焦躁的

pellucid

【考法1】 adj. 透明的： admitting the passage of light 【例】 pellucid spring water 清澈透明的泉水 【近】 crystal, crystalline, limpid, liquid, lucent, transparent 【反】opaque 不透明的 【考法2】 adj. 清晰明确的，易懂的： transparently clear in style or meaning 【例】 Her poetry has a pellucid simplicity that betrays none of the sweat that went into writing it. 她的诗歌风 格十分清新简约，丝毫没有体现出她为此付出的汗水 【近】 apparent, distinct, evident, lucid, manifest, obvious, palpable, patent, perspicuous, plain, straightforward 【反】 clouded, cryptic, enigmatic, indistinct, mysterious, obfuscated, obscure 模糊难懂的

pregnant

【考法1】 adj. 重要的，意味深长的： weighty or significant; full of meaning 【例】 the pregnant phrases of the Bible 《圣经》中充满哲理的话语 【近】 eloquent, meaningful, momentous, profound, revelatory, significant, suggestive 【反】 inane 空洞的 【考法2】 adj. 怀孕的：containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body 【例】 Being pregnant represents great news, but it comes with a lot of responsibilities. 怀孕是件大好事，但是 它也带来了许多的责任。 【近】 enceinte, expectant, expecting, gravid 【派】 pregnancy n. 怀孕

indurate

【考法1】 adj. 铁石心肠的，冷酷无情的： having or showing a lack of sympathy or tender feelings 【例】 an indurate heart that admits no love or mercy 一颗不认可爱或仁慈的冷酷心灵 【近】 affectless, callous, heartless, inhumane, merciless, obdurate, pitiless, ruthless, unsparing, cold-blooded 【反】 charitable, compassionate, humane, kindhearted, merciful, tender 仁慈的 【考法2】 vt. 使变硬： to become physically firm or solid 【例】 Great heat indurates clay. 高温使黏土变硬 【近】 concrete, congeal, firm, freeze, set, solidify 【反】 liquefy 液化；soften 柔化 【考法3】 vt. 使习惯于：使习惯于，如艰苦或尴尬之境况： to make able to withstand physical hardship, strain,or exposure 【例】 Such a brutal upbringing could only callous his soul and indurate his heart to the suffering of others. 这样一种残暴的培养方式只会让他的灵魂变得麻木，让他的心灵对于他人所受的折磨无动于衷 【近】 fortify, inure, season, steel, strengthen, toughen 【反】 enfeeble, weaken, undermine 弱化，使虚弱【记】 endure 忍耐，容忍；in 内 + dur- 忍，里面忍耐，因为坚强，坚硬<br/>【另】 during在.期间， durable 耐久的,duress 强迫， endure 忍耐, indurate 坚硬，obdurate 冷酷无情的, 顽固的，perdure 持久，继续

random

【考法1】 adj. 随机的，随意的： lacking a definite plan, purpose, or pattern 【例】 We received several answers and picked one at random. 我们收到了若干答案，并随机抽取了一个。 【例】 aimless, arbitrary, desultory, erratic, haphazard, scattered, slapdash, stray 【反】 methodical, orderly, organized, regular, systematic, systematized 井然有序的，系统化的 【派】 randomly adv. 随机地；randomize v. 随机挑选、排列

occult

【考法1】 adj. 难以理解的： not easily apprehended or understood : abstruse, mysterious 【例】 an occult reference in the text that has puzzled scholars 文章中一处晦涩的难倒了学者们的引注 【近】 ambiguous, arcane, equivocal, inscrutable, opaque, impenetrable 【反】 bare, manifest, patent, readily fathomable 暴露的，可理解的 【考法2】 v. 使隐藏或神秘： to keep secret or shut off from view 【例】 occulted their house from prying eyes by planting large trees around it 在住所周围种满大树防止别人 偷窥 || the actor's private life had long been occulted by a contrived public persona 演员的私人生活被一个精 心打造的公众形象所遮掩 【近】 belie, blanket, cloak, conceal, cover, curtain, disguise, enshroud, mask, obscure, screen, shroud, suppress, veil, blot out, paper over 【反】 bare, disclose, display, divulge, expose, reveal, show, uncloak, uncover, unmask, unveil 暴露

ineffable

【考法1】 adj. 难以表达的： incapable of being expressed 【例】 ineffable ecstasy 无法用语言表达的狂喜 【近】 indefinable, indescribable, inexpressible, unspeakable, unutterable 【反】 communicable 可传达的；expressible 可描述的 【派】 ineffability n. 不可描述性

obstreperous

【考法1】 adj. 难驾驭的，任性的： stubbornly resistant to control; unruly; given to resisting authority or another's control 【例】 the club's president was at his wits' end with obstreperous members who refused to cooperate 俱乐部主席拿那些不合作的会员一点办法都没有 【近】 balky, defiant, incompliant, insubordinate, intractable, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory 【反】 disciplined, amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, obedient, ruly, submissive, tractable 守纪律的，顺从的 【考法2】 adj. 吵闹的： engaging in or marked by loud and insistent cries especially of protest 【例】 an obstreperous crowd protesting the government's immigration policy 一堆吵闹的民众游行抗议政府 的移民政策 【近】 blatant, clamant, clamorous, squawking, vociferant

pinpoint

【考法1】 adj. 非常精确的： located, fixed, or directed with extreme precision 【例】 The commander demanded the pinpoint location of artillery fire. 指挥官需要火炮攻击的精确位置。 【近】 accurate, close, delicate, exact, fine, hairline, mathematical, precise, refined, rigorous 【反】 coarse, cursory, rough 粗略的；imprecise, inaccurate, inexact 不准确的 【考法2】 v. 精确定位或确认： to locate, fix, determine, or identify with precision 【例】 pinpoint the target by tracking calls from his cellphone 通过跟踪手机信号精确定位了目标‖pinpoint the cause of failure 准确找出失败的原因 【近】 determine, distinguish, locate, identify, recognize, spot 【反】 estimate 估计

precipitous

【考法1】 adj. 非常陡峭的：very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging in rise or fall 【例】 a precipitous gorge 险峻的峡谷 【近】 abrupt, arduous, precipitate, sheer, steep 【反】 flat, level 平坦的 【考法2】 adj. 匆忙的： acting or done with excessive or careless speed 【例】 They soon regretted their precipitous actions in international affairs 他们很快就为他们在国际事务中的 匆忙举动感到后悔。 【近】 cursory, flying, headlong, hurried, overhasty, precipitate, rash, rushed 【反】 deliberate 慎重考虑的；leisurely, unhurried, unrushed 从容不迫的，不慌不忙的

pertinacious

【考法1】 adj. 顽固的，固执地坚持的： sticking to an opinion, purpose, or course of action in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion 【例】 The pertinacious boy won't stop crying unless his desire is satisfied. 这个固执的男孩在愿望没有满足的 情况下是不会停止哭泣的 【近】 adamant, headstrong, implacable, inflexible, intransigent, mulish, obdurate, perverse, stubborn, willful 【反】 compliant, flexible, pliable, pliant, yielding 容易受影响的，容易控制的

recalcitrant

【考法1】 adj. 顽抗的，不顺从的： marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority or guidance 【例】 a recalcitrant teenager 执拗的少年‖The manager worried that the recalcitrant employee would try to undermine his authority. 经理担心那些不听命的员工会削弱它的权威。 【近】 balky, contumacious, defiant, incompliant, insubordinate, intractable, obstreperous, rebellious, refractory, unruly 【反】 amenable, compliant, conformable, docile, governable, obedient, ruly, submissive, tractable 服从的，顺从 的 【派】 recalcitrance n. 固执，不服从命令

portentous

【考法1】 adj. 预兆性的，凶兆的： being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come 【例】 an eerie and portentous stillness 阴森神秘，充满凶兆的寂静 【近】 baleful, direful, doomy, foreboding, inauspicious, menacing, minatory, ominous, sinister, ill-omened 【反】 auspicious, propitious 吉兆的 【考法2】adj. 勾起兴趣的，令人遐想的：eliciting amazement or wonder 【例】 The way in which he could bring together opposing forces was truly portentous. 他整合两股对抗势力的方法着实令人好奇 【近】 amazing, astonishing, astounding, fabulous, marvelous, miraculous, prodigious, wonderful 【反】 common, commonplace, ordinary 普通的

personable

【考法1】 adj. 风度翩翩的，吸引人的： pleasing in personality or appearance; attractive 【例】 apparently be attracted by a personable young man 明显被一位风度翩翩的少年迷住了 【近】 alluring, appealing, attractive, captivating, charismatic, charming, comely, enchanting, handsome, pretty 【反】 grotesque, hideous, ugly 丑陋的；homely 相貌平庸的

rapacious

【考法1】 adj. 食量大的，贪食的： having a huge appetite 【例】 The manager at the buffet restaurant was apparently astonished by a team of rapacious professional basketball players. 自助餐厅的经理很明显被那一队胃口巨大的职业篮球队员们震惊到了。 【近】 edacious, esurient,gluttonous, greedy, ravenous, voracious 【考法2】 adj. 过度贪婪的： excessively grasping or covetous 【例】 Some companies is rapacious and hardly looking for the long-term value. 有些公司十分贪婪，而且不考虑长期利益。 【近】 acquisitive, avaricious, avid, coveting, covetous, grasping, mercenary, moneygrubbing 【反】 content, sated, satiated, satisfied 心满意足的 【派】 rapaciousness n. 贪婪记】 rap 抢，抓；rape 洗劫，掠夺，强奸

lackluster

【考法1】 adj. 黯淡无光泽的： lacking brightness, luster, or vitality 【例】 lackluster hair 黯淡无光的头发 【近】 dim, dull, flat, lusterless 【反】 burnished, glistening, glossy, lustrous, polished, shiny, sleek 光亮的

murky

【考法1】 adj. 黯淡的，昏暗的： being without light or without much light 【例】 I didn't like walking around the murky campground without a flashlight. 我不喜欢在没有手电的情况下 在营地里走动 【近】 black, caliginous, darkened, dim, gloomy, stygian 【反】 bright, brightened, brilliant, illuminated, illumined, lucent, lucid, luminous 明亮的 【考法2】 adj. 模糊的，晦涩的： lacking clarity or distinctness 【例】 He felt lost in the murky bureaucratic rhetoric. 他感觉自己被官僚主义的晦涩说辞弄晕了 【近】 ambiguous, arcane, cloudy, equivocal, muddy, nebulous, obscure, occult, vague 【反】 clear, limpid, pellucid, plain 清晰的

inert

【考法1】 adj. （人）懒惰缺乏活力的；（物品）惰性的： sluggish in action or motion; deficient in active properties 【例】 inert ingredients in drugs 药品中的惰性成分 【近】 dead, dormant, lethargic, idle, inactive, passive, torpid 【反】 active, dynamic 充满活力的；passionate 饱含激情的 【派】 inertia n. 惰性

indelible

【考法1】 adj. （印记等）无法擦除的： impossible to remove, erase, or wash away 【例】 indelible ink 难以擦拭的墨水 【近】 ineffaceable, ineradicable, inerasable, ingrained 【反】 eradicable, erasable, removable, washable 可抹去的 【考法2】 adj. 无法忘怀的： not easily forgotten 【例】 most indelible experiences 最难以磨灭的经历 【近】 impressive, memorable, unforgettable 【反】 forgettable 容易被忘记的

recessive

【考法1】 adj. （基因等）隐性的，由隐形基因控制的： of, relating to, or designating an allele that does not produce a characteristic effect when present with a dominant allele 【例】 a recessive disease 阴性基因控制的疾病 【反】 dominant 显性的 【考法2】 adj. 内向的，内敛的： not comfortable around people 【例】 For such a recessive genius, the most comfortable thing is working alone in his lab. 对于这样一个内 向的天才而言，最舒服的事情就是一个人在实验室里干活。 【近】 backward, bashful, coy, demure, diffident, introverted, modest, retiring, self-effacing, sheepish, withdrawn 【反】 extroverted, immodest, outgoing 外向的；gregarious, sociable 好交际的 【派】 recession n. 后退，衰退

monotonous

【考法1】 adj. （声音）单调的： uttered or sounded in one unvarying tone 【例】 a monotonous apathetic voice 单调而冷漠的声音 【反】 vociferous 嘈杂的 【考法2】 adj. 清一色的，无聊的： tediously uniform or unvarying 【例】 a sparkle in the monotonous background 单调背景中的一个亮点 【近】 arid, dreary, drudging, dull, jejune, monochromatic, pedestrian, ponderous, stale, stodgy, tiresome 【反】 absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 吸引人的

inclement

【考法1】 adj. （天气等）恶劣的： lacking mildness 【例】 inclement weather conditions 恶劣的气象条件 【近】 bleak, harsh, severe, stormy, tempestuous 【反】 bright, clear, cloudless, fair, sunny, sunshiny, unclouded 天气晴好的 【考法2】 adj. 无情的，严酷的： showing no clemency; unmerciful 【近】 bitter, brutal, intemperate, rigorous 【反】 charitable, clement, lenient, merciful 仁慈的 【派】 inclemency n. 严酷无情】 in + clement 和蔼的, 仁慈的；in 不好的 + climate 天气

indulgent

【考法1】 adj. （对己）放纵的，（对他人）纵容的： showing, characterized by, or given to indulgence 【例】 indulgent aristocrats 生活放纵的贵族 【近】 decadent, forbearing, lenient, luxurious, tolerant, sybaritic 【反】 ascetic 禁欲的；draconian 严酷的 【派】 indulgence n. 放纵

mercurial

【考法1】 adj. （情绪）善变的： characterized by rapid and unpredictable changeableness of mood 【例】 his mercurial temperament 他善变的脾气 【近】 capricious, changeful, fluctuating, fluid, mutable, temperamental, uncertain, variable, volatile 【反】 certain, constant, immutable, invariable, settled, stable, steady, unvarying 稳定的，不变的

lugubrious

【考法1】 adj. （故作夸张的）悲哀的： mournful, dismal, or gloomy, especially to an exaggerated or ludicrous degree 【例】 his lugubrious tear-stained face 他忧郁而带着泪痕的脸庞 【近】 deploring, doleful, dolorous, lamentable, melancholy, morose, plaintive, rueful, saturnine, sullen, woeful 【反】 cheerful, delighted, jocund, jovial 快乐 音：路孤悲，考G道路上孤单悲凉

mellifluous

【考法1】 adj. （曲调）优美的： smooth and sweet 【例】 a mellifluous voice 甜美的嗓音 【近】 dulcet, euphonious, mellifluent, mellow, melodious 【反】 cacophonous, raspy 刺耳的

insular

【考法1】 adj. （观念、想法等）孤立狭隘的： being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpoint 【例】 the insular thinking of peasant communities 农民阶级的狭隘思想 【近】 confined, local, narrow, parochial, provincial, regional, restricted 【反】 cosmopolitan, ecumenical 有国际视野的；catholic （兴趣等）广泛的；receptive 善于接受的

insipid

【考法1】 adj. （食品）清淡无味的： lacking flavor or zest; not tasty 【例】 a rather insipid soup 味道清淡的汤 【近】 flat, flavorless, mild, sapless, savorless, tasteless 【反】 piquant 辛辣的 【考法2】 adj. lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or challenge 【例】 an insipid story of the prince and the princess 一个关于王子和公主的无聊故事 【近】 banal, bland, driveling, prosaic, tedious, uninteresting, vapid 【反】 enchanting 引人入胜的【记】 in 不 + sip 吸吮→不好吸的→乏味的<br/>【另】 sip(吸吮)音：吸噗，吸啤(酒)，吸葡(萄洒)，吸品，吸一口茶品一品

profligate

【考法1】 adj./n. 挥金如土的，挥霍的： recklessly wasteful; wildly extravagant 【例】 leading a profligate life 过着骄奢淫逸的生活 【近】 extravagant, high-rolling, spendthrift, squandering, thriftless, unthrifty, wasteful 【反】 parsimonious, provident, thrift, economical, frugal, conserving 吝啬的，节俭的 【考法2】 n. 败家子： someone who spends money freely or foolishly 【例】 profligate who could not really afford the grand style he maintained at Monticello, Jefferson died deeply in debt 再也支撑不了在蒙蒂塞洛之时的大手大脚的作风，败家子杰斐逊最终深陷债务危机 【近】 fritterer, high roller, spender, spendthrift, squanderer, waster, wastrel 【反】 economizer, penny-pincher 吝啬的人 【考法3】 n. 堕落的人： a person who has sunk below the normal moral standard 【例】 a drunken profligate, he was given to wretched excess in every aspect of his life 一个喝醉的堕落的人，在生活的方方面面都日趋堕落 【近】 backslider, debauchee, debaucher, decadent, deviate, libertine, perv, pervert, profligate, rake, rakehell, rip

nomad

【考法1】 adj./n. 游牧的；居无定所的人： a member of a people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place usually seasonally and within a well-defined territory 【例】 after college she became quite the nomad, backpacking through Europe with no particular destination 大学毕业后她开始漂泊，漫无目的地游遍欧洲 【近】 ambulant, fugitive, gallivanting, perambulatory, peripatetic, ranging, roaming, vagabond, vagrant, wandering, wayfaring 【反】 settled 定居的

provincial

【考法1】 adj./n. 狭隘的： limited in perspective; narrow and self-centered 【例】 an artist who has been criticized for being provincial 一个被批评非常狭隘的艺术家 【近】 illiberal, insular, parochial, sectarian, narrow-minded 【反】 ecumenical, broad-minded, catholic, cosmopolitan, liberal, open, open-minded, receptive, tolerant 世 界范围的，开放包容的

prostrate

【考法1】 adj./v. lying flat or at full length 【例】 He was lying prostrate on the bed. 他平躺在床上。 【近】 debilitated, effete, enervated, enfeebled, languid, sapped 【反】 erect, upright 直立的 【考法2】 adj./v. to reduce to extreme weakness or incapacitation 【例】 illness that prostrated an entire family 将整个家庭拖垮的疾病 【近】 debilitate, devitalize, enervate, enfeeble, etiolate, sap, tire 【反】 fortify, strengthen, beef up

inalienable

【考法1】 adj.不可剥夺的，不能让与的： cannot be transferred to another or others 【例】 inalienable rights of the citizen 公民不可予夺的权利 【近】 untransferable 【反】 alienable 可与让的

lachrymose

【考法1】 adj.催人泪下的，悲伤的：tending to cause tears, mournful 【例】The lachrymose mourners at the funeral required a steady supply of tissues. 葬礼上多愁善感的哀悼者 对纸巾提出了巨大的需求 【近】doleful, lamentable, lugubrious, melancholy, mournful, tearful, teary, weepy, woeful 【反】cheerful, delighted, jocund, jovial 欢乐的，快乐的

inept

【考法1】 adj.愚笨的，荒谬的： displaying a lack of judgment, sense, or reason 【例】 an inept and irresponsible remark on his paper 对他文章的荒谬而不负责任的评论 【近】 absurd, foolish, fatuous, preposterous, stupid, witless, unwise 【反】 judicious, prudent sagacious, sapient, smart, wise 聪明的，明智的 【考法2】 adj.不恰当的，不合时宜的： not appropriate for a particular occasion or situation 【近】 amiss, graceless, improper, inapposite, infelicitous, malapropos, perverse, unseemly, unsuitable 【反】 appropriate, becoming, felicitous, fitting, genteel, proper, seemly, suitable 恰当的 【考法3】 adj. 不称职的，无能力的： generally incompetent 【例】 a hopelessly inept defense attorney 严重不靠谱的辩护律师 【近】 incapable, inexpert, unfitted, unskillful, unqualified 【反】 capable, competent 有能力的；proficient, masterful 精通的，技艺精湛的 【派】 ineptitude n. 不合适

ineluctable

【考法1】 adj.无法逃避的，必然的： not to be avoided, changed, or resisted 【例】 Although death is an ineluctable fate for any and every individual organism, it lays the foundation of the metabolism that perpetuates the planetary ecosystem. 尽管死亡对于任何单个的有机体而言是不可避免的宿 命，但它奠定了能使整个行星生态系统永不衰竭的新陈代谢的基础 【近】 certain, inescapable, inevasible, inevitable, unavoidable 【反】 avoidable, evadable 可避免的；uncertain, unsure （结果等）不确定的 【派】 ineluctability n. 不可避免【记】 同inevitable；in 否定 + reluctate 不愿意，勉强；不愿意也不行→逃不了的

lampoon

【考法1】 n 讽刺： a harsh satire usually directed against an individual 【例】 a lampoon of the movie business at the time 对当时电影产业的一种讽刺 【近】 burlesque, caricature, farce, mockery, parody, ridicule, spoof, travesty 【反】 eulogy, ode, paean 颂歌

protocol

【考法1】 n. a code of correct conduct 【例】 a breach of protocol 社交礼仪的破坏

posture

【考法1】 n. a general way of holding the body 【例】 A good upright posture will prevent backaches. 良好的站姿可以预防背痛。 【近】 attitude, carriage, poise, stance, station 【考法2】 vi. to assume an artificial or pretended attitude 【例】 postured to impress 故作姿态以给别人留下印象 【近】 attitudinize, feign, grandstand, masquerade, pose, pretend 【派】 posturer n. 故作姿态之人

pen

【考法1】 n. a place of confinement for persons held in lawful custody 【例】 spent six years in a federal pen 在联邦监狱中度过了六年 【近】 bastille, coop, jail, prison, stockade 【考法2】 v. to close or shut in by or as if by barriers 【例】 remember to pen up the dogs when visitors come over 客人来的时候别忘了把狗给关起来 【近】 box, encage, encase, envelop, fence, hedge, immure, include, wall 【反】 release 释放；enfranchise, free, liberate, set free 使自由

panache

【考法1】 n. dash or flamboyance in style and action, 耍派头 【例】 The BBC Symphony Orchestra played with great panache. BBC 交响乐队 【反】 humility, unremarkable behavior, dullness 谦逊，寻常举止，平庸乏味 an ornamental tuft (as of feathers) especially on a helmet

prescience

【考法1】 n. knowledge of actions or events before they occur 【例】 Most believers would probably agree that complete prescience is one of God's attributes. 所有的信徒 大概都会同意上帝能够预见未来 【近】 foresight, forethought, providence 【反】 improvidence, myopia, shortsightedness 目光短浅

proponent

【考法1】 n. one who argues in support of something; an advocate 【例】 a proponent of the use of electric-powered cars 电动能源汽车的支持者 【近】 advocate, apostle, champion, expounder, espouser, friend, promoter, supporter, protagonist 【反】 adversary, antagonist, opponent , detractor 诋毁者，反对者

prosecution

【考法1】 n. the doing of an action 【例】 oversaw the prosecution of the president's foreign policy 监督总统对外政策的执行情况 【近】 accomplishment, achievement, discharge, enactment, execution, fulfillment, implementation, performance, perpetration, pursuance 【反】 nonfulfillment, nonperformance 不履行，不完成

pandemonium

【考法1】 n. wild uproar or noise 【例】 Christmas morning at our house is always marked by pandemonium 圣诞节的早上总是免不了一番吵吵 闹闹 【近】 bluster, bustle, disturbance, furor, fuss, hubbub, moil, pother, ruckus, ruction, tumult, turmoil, uproar 【反】 serene 安静

peep

【考法1】 n. 一瞥： a brief and sometimes furtive look 【例】 take a peep at the new neighbors 偷偷瞄了我们的新邻居一眼 【近】 gander, glance, glimpse, peek 【考法2】 n. 轻声： a slight sound or utterance 【例】 I haven't heard a peep out of the children for an hour.我已经一个小时没听到孩子们的声音了 【近】 mumble, murmur, mutter, twitter, whisper 【反】 clamor, noise, outcry, roar 喧哗，吵闹

nil

【考法1】 n. 不存在，零： nothing; zero 【例】 reduced to nil 消逝殆尽 【近】 nothing, nonentity, nullity, zip 【反】 existence 存在

misfortune

【考法1】 n. 不幸： bad fortune or ill luck 【例】 unable to grasp why he had been struck by such a misfortune 无法理解他为何会遇上如此不幸之事 【近】 adversity, calamity, cataclysm, catastrophe, disaster, ill, mischance, mishap, tragedy 【反】 fortune, luck, serendipity 幸事

perfidy

【考法1】 n. 不忠，背信弃义： an act or an instance of disloyalty 【例】 As loyalty unites lovers, so perfidy estranges friends. 忠诚是爱情的纽带，欺诈是友谊的敌人 【近】 backstabbing, disloyalty, infidelity, sellout, treachery, unfaithfulness, double cross 【反】 allegiance, devotion, faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty, staunchness, steadfastness 忠诚 【派】 perfidious adj. 不忠诚的

malcontent

【考法1】 n. 不满分子： one who is in active opposition to an established order or government 【例】 The chaos was caused by a handful of malcontents. 混乱是由一小撮不满分子引起的 【近】 complainer, faultfinder, grouch, rebel 【考法2】 adj. 不满的： dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs 【例】 The film follows three malcontent teenagers around Paris. 电影围绕着三个不满现实的青少年在巴黎展 开 【近】 discontented, discontent, disgruntled, displeased, dissatisfied, ungratified 【反】 contented, fulfilled, gratified, pleased, satisfied 满意的

malaise

【考法1】 n. 不舒服： a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at the beginning of an illness 【例】 He complained of depression, headaches and malaise. 他抱怨说感到沮丧、头痛和身体不适 【近】 debility, decrepitude, disease, feebleness, infirmity, infirmness, sickliness, unhealthiness

nonentity

【考法1】 n. 不重要的人： a person or thing of little consequence or significance 【例】 she was so quiet she was almost a nonentity at the meeting 她非常沉默，在会议上是个边缘人物 【近】 cipher, half-pint, insignificancy, lightweight, nullity, snippersnapper, twerp, whippersnapper, zero, zilch 【反】mogul, big shot, big wheel, bigwig, eminence, figure, magnate, personage, somebody 显要人物 【考法2】 n. 虚构的东西： a conception or image created by the imagination and having no objective reality 【例】 the arctic circle is a nonentity—you won't see it on the way to the north pole 北极圈是虚构的概念，去北 极的路上你不会见到那么一个圈 【近】 chimera, conceit, daydream, delusion, fancy, figment, hallucination, illusion, phantasm, unreality, vision

maven

【考法1】 n. 专家： one who is experienced or knowledgeable: expert 【例】 As an investment maven, he was doing well even when the market was doing poorly. 作为一名投资高 手，他在市场不景气的时候也能赚钱 【近】 ace, adept, connoisseur, expert, maestro, master, professional, proficient, virtuoso 【反】 amateur, dabbler, dilettante 业余爱好者

profusion

【考法1】 n. 丰富，大量： the state of being profuse; abundance 【例】 snow falling in profusion 雪量很大 【近】 abundance, mass, plentitude, scads, volume, wealth 【反】 paucity 极小量 【派】 profuse 丰富的 【反】 scanty 缺乏的 【考法2】 n. 挥霍，浪费： the quality or fact of being free or wasteful in the expenditure of money 【例】 in giving gifts to his girlfriend, he was generous to the point of profusion 对于给女朋友的礼物支出一项， 他慷慨到了几乎奢侈的地步 【近】 extravagancy, lavishness, prodigality, wastefulness 【反】 economy, frugality, penny-pinching

lassitude

【考法1】 n. 乏力，没精打采： a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness 【例】 Symptoms of anaemia include general fatigue and lassitude. 贫血的通常症状包括体虚和乏力 【近】 collapse, exhaustion, frazzle, languor, listlessness, stupor, torpor, prostration 【反】 verve, vim,animation,vitality 有活力

pedant

【考法1】 n. 书呆子，墨守成规之人： one who pays undue attention to book learning and formal rules 【例】 He is a perfect type of pedant. 他是个十足的书呆子 【近】 doctrinaire, dogmatist

polemic

【考法1】 n. 争执： a controversial argument 【例】 The polemic between science and religion has never ceased. 科学和宗教之间的争论从未停息。 【近】 contention, controversy, disagreement, disputation 【反】 agreement 一致，协议 【派】 polemical adj. 好争论的

marvel

【考法1】 n. 令人惊奇的事物： one that evokes surprise, admiration, or wonder 【派】 The robot is a marvel of modern engineering. 机器人是工程领域的奇迹 【近】 flash, miracle, phenomenon, prodigy, splendor 【考法2】 v.（因为壮观、美丽等而）表示惊讶： to feel amazement or bewilderment at or about 【派】 marvel at the tranquility of Chopin's nocturne 惊叹于肖邦夜曲中体现出来的宁静和祥 【近】 gape, gaze, goggle, wonder 【派】 marvelous adj.令人惊奇的

paragon

【考法1】 n. 优秀模范： a model of excellence or perfection of a kind; a peerless example 【例】 a paragon of good husband 模范好丈夫 【近】 archetype, example, exemplar, ideal, model, pattern, paradigm 【考法2】 vt. 把...比作；显示相似： to compare with; parallel 【例】 paragon retreat with treachery 把撤退比作是背叛 【近】 assimilate, compare, equate, liken, match, parallel 【反】 contrast 对比，对照以产生反差

legend

【考法1】 n. 传奇，传说： a popular myth of recent origin 【例】 Some ancient civilizations had legends about spirits that inhabited trees and rocks. 许多古老的文明 都有着关于寄居于树木、岩石之中的灵魂的传说 【近】 fable, myth, mythos 【考法2】 n. 图例： an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart 【例】 The legend in the science textbook indicated that the accompanying picture had been enlarged by 1000%. 科学课本上彩图的图例告诉我们这幅图片被放大了十倍 【近】 cutline 【派】 legendary adj. 如传奇般闻名的

intoxicant

【考法1】 n. 使人陶醉的东西（尤指酒精饮料）： an agent that intoxicates, especially an alcoholic beverage 【近】 alcohol, liquor, stimulant 【反】 refresher 使人清醒的东西 【派】 intoxicating adj. 使人陶醉的

propensity

【考法1】 n. 倾向，癖好： an often intense natural inclination or preference 【例】 a neighbor who has an unfortunate propensity for snooping 好管闲事的邻居 【近】 affinity, aptitude, bent, partiality, penchant, predilection, predisposition, proclivity 【反】 aversion 厌恶

pseudonym

【考法1】 n. 假名，笔名： a fictitious name 【例】 Mark Twain is the pseudonym of the American writer Samuel L. Clemens. 马克· 吐温是美国作家塞缪 尔·L·克莱蒙斯的笔名。 【近】 alias, nom de guerre

lullaby

【考法1】 n. 催眠曲： a song to quiet children or lull them to sleep 【例】 sang a lullaby to the baby every night 每晚都给孩子唱摇篮曲 【近】 berceuse, cradlesong 【考法2】 vt. 使镇静，使安心： to free from distress or disturbance 【例】 reclining peacefully on the deck, lullabied by the gentle motion of the ship 躺卧在甲板上，随着船轻轻的颠 簸放松下来 【近】 allay, balm, becalm, compose, lull, quiet, salve, settle, soothe, still, tranquilize 【反】 agitate, discompose, disquiet, disturb, perturb, upset, vex 打扰，扰乱

preceden

【考法1】 n. 先例，前例： an earlier occurrence of something similar 【例】 There has not been any precedent so far. 到目前为止还没有先例。‖a landmark decision that set a legal precedent 在法律上首开先河的重大决议 【近】 example, instance, model, paradigm, pattern, standard 【考法2】 adj. 先前的： prior in time, order, arrangement, or significance 【例】 Her violent behaviors may be explained by some precedent events in her troubled life. 她的暴力行径或 许可以由她之前苦难生活中遭遇到的一些事件来解释。 【近】 antecedent, anterior, former, preceding, previous, prior 【反】 ensuing 继而发生的 【派】 unprecedented adj. 前所未见的

precursor

【考法1】 n. 先驱者，先导： one that precedes and indicates the approach of another 【例】 18th-century lyric poets like Robert Burns were precursors of the Romantics. 十八世纪的抒情诗人（如罗 伯特·彭斯）是浪漫主义的先驱。 【近】 foregoer, forerunner, harbinger, herald, outrider 【反】 sequela, successor 后继者；descendant 后代 【派】 precursory adj. 先驱性的，开创性的

paradigm

【考法1】 n. 典范，模范： one that serves as a pattern or model 【例】 He was the paradigm of the successful man. 他是成功人士的典范 【近】 archetype, example, exemplar, ideal, model, pattern, paragon

nicety

【考法1】 n. 准确，精确： careful attention to details; delicate exactness 【例】 There's a nicety of detail in his meticulously painted landscapes. 在他精心绘制的景观图中，有着十分精准 翔实的细节 【近】 accuracy, delicacy, exactness, fineness, precision, veracity 【反】 coarseness, imprecision, inaccuracy, roughness 不准确，粗糙 【考法2】 n. 细微之处： a fine point or distinction 【例】 the niceties of table manner 餐桌礼仪的细微之处‖niceties of diplomatic protocol 外交礼节中的细节 【近】 detail, particular, nuance, subtlety

lash

【考法1】 n. 击打： a hard strike with a part of the body or an instrument 【例】 suddenly felt the lash of her drunken husband's hand on her cheek 突然感觉到脸颊被醉酒的丈夫扇了一耳光 【近】 bang, bash, bat, beat, clap, hit, knock, punch, slam, slap, smash, stinger, stroke, swat 【考法2】 v. 猛击，撞击： to strike against with force or violence 【例】 All night long a barrage of rain lashed the windows. 倾盆大雨整夜敲击着窗户 【近】 baste, hammer, lace, lambaste, punch 【考法3】 vt. 捆扎： to bind with or as if with a line 【例】 Secure the anchor by lashing it to the rail. 通过将锚绑在栏杆上使其稳固。 【反】 unbind 解开

partition

【考法1】 n. 分割，划分： the act or process of dividing something into parts 【例】 the partition of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia 捷克斯洛伐克被分裂成捷克共和国 和斯洛伐克 【近】 bifurcation, breakup, cleavage, disunion, division, fractionalization, schism, scission, split, sundering 【反】 unification, union 联合

neophyte

【考法1】 n. 初学者，新手： a beginner or novice 【例】 a novice in the theater who had never even had a walk-on role 一个连龙套都没跑过的新演员 【近】 abecedarian, apprentice, fledgling, freshman, novice, recruit, rookie, tyro 【反】 veteran 老兵，身经百战的人

notch

【考法1】 n. 刻痕： a V-shaped cut. Such a cut used for keeping a record 【反】 unserrated 没有刻痕的 【考法2】 v. 通过努力获得： to obtain (as a goal) through effort 【例】 a stunning performance that notched up a second Academy Award for the actor 出色的表演为该演员拿到了第二座小金人 【近】 attain, bag, chalk up, clock up, gain, hit, log, make, rack up, ring up, score, win

predecessor

【考法1】 n. 前任，先辈： a person who has previously occupied a position or office to which another has succeeded 【例】 a political legacy left by his predecessor 他的前任留下来的政治遗产 【近】 ancestor, antecedent, foregoer, forerunner, precursor 【反】 successor 继任者；descendant 后代

postulate

【考法1】 n. 前提条件： something taken as being true or factual and used as a starting point for a course of action or reasoning 【例】 One of the postulates that the true agnostic rejects is the assumption that it is even possible for us to know whether God exists. 我们无法知道上帝是否存在——这是一个真正的不可知论者所反对的假设。 【近】 premise, presumption, presupposition, supposition 【反】 conclusion 结论 【考法2】 v. 假定为真： to assume or claim as true, existent, or necessary 【例】 postulate a causal relationship 假定存在因果关系 【近】 assume, conjecture, hypothesize, posit, presuppose, premise, presume, suppose 【反】 belie, disprove, falsify 证明为假 【派】 postulation n. 推测

overture

【考法1】 n. 前言： an introductory section or part, as of a poem; a prelude 【近】 preamble, preliminary, prologue, warm-up, curtain-raiser 【考法2】 n. 序曲： an instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio 【例】 the parade down Main Street served as the overture for a weekend of fun and festivities 主干道上的游行活动拉开了一周节日活动的序幕 【反】 coda 结尾

momentum

【考法1】 n. 动力： impetus of a physical object in motion 【例】 Their luck began to pick up momentum. 他们的运气开始转旺 【近】 boost, encouragement, goad, impetus, incentive, incitation, instigation, motivation, spur, stimulus 【反】 deterrent 阻碍物；obstruction, resistance 阻力

inducement

【考法1】 n. 动机，刺激源： a motive or consideration that leads one to action 【例】 offered an expensive watch as an inducement to ratify the proposal 赠送名贵手表以求计划得到批准 【近】 goad, impulse, incentive, motive, spur, stimulus 【反】 deterrent 抑制物 【考法2】 n.劝说，游说： the act of reasoning or pleading with someone to accept a belief or course of action 【例】 He gave up smoking only after a prolonged inducement by all the other family members. 在所有家庭成员坚持不懈的劝说之下，他终于愿意戒烟了 【近】 conversion, convincing, persuading, suasion 【派】 induce v. 导致，产生

mettle

【考法1】 n. 勇气： vigor and strength of spirit or temperament 【例】 troops who showed their mettle in combat 在战场上表现出坚强勇气的部队 【近】 bravery, courage, dauntlessness, fortitude, guts, nerve, pluck, spirit, spunk, valor 【反】 cowardice, cravenness, gutlessness, pusillanimity, spinelessness 胆小，怯懦 【考法2】 n. 毅力，耐力： staying quality: stamina 【例】 Those trucks had proved their mettle in army transport. 那些卡车通过在军队运输中的表现证明了它们的 耐用性 【近】 durability, endurance, stamina, persistence, resolution 【派】 mettlesome adj. 有毅力的源自metal 金属般的勇气；mental 精神 nettle: miff meddle: interfere

jeopardy

【考法1】 n. 危险： risk of loss or injury; peril or danger 【例】 the city's firefighters routinely put their lives in jeopardy 消防队员们早就把生命置之度外了 【近】 distress, endangerment, imperilment, peril 【反】 safeness, safety, secureness, security 安全

pun

【考法1】 n. 双关语： the usually humorous use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more of its meanings or the meaning of another word similar in sound 【例】 He's a skillful pilot whose career has—no pun intended—really taken off. 她是个技术娴熟的飞行员，飞行 生涯——没有别的意思——真正腾飞了。【记】 发音象是关门声，门与门框这一双关门，叫双关 pan: v. to criticize severely

insurgent

【考法1】 n. 叛乱分子： one who breaks with or opposes constituted authority or the established order 【例】 Insurgents armed with assault rifles and grenades ambushed a US convoy, resulting in heavy casualties. 持有突击步枪和手榴弹的叛乱分子偷袭了美军车队，造成重大伤亡 【近】 rebel, anarchist, antagonist, malcontent, mutineer 【派】 insurgency n. 叛乱 resurgent 复活复兴 in进 + surge 巨浪，巨浪冲进来了→叛乱

peer

【考法1】 n. 同等地位的人，同辈： a person who has equal standing with others 【例】 stand out among peers 在同辈当中很出众 【近】 coequal, compeer, coordinate, counterpart, equivalent, fellow, match, parallel 【反】 inferior 地位更低的人；superior 地位更高的人 【考法2】 v. 好奇地凝视： to look narrowly or curiously; 【例】 peer at the variety of marine life in the aquarium's huge tank 好奇地注视着巨大水族箱中丰富多样的 海洋生物 【近】 blink, gape, gawk, gaze, goggle, rubberneck, stare 【反】 glance, glimpse 投去一瞥 【派】 peerless adj. 无与伦比的，不可比拟的

kudos

【考法1】 n. 名望，名声： fame and renown resulting from an act or achievement 【例】 Employees enjoy the kudos that the job brings as much as the financial rewards. 正如同喜欢工作带来 的经济回报一样，雇员们也很享受工作所带来的名声和荣誉 【近】 credit, distinction, homage, honor, laurels 【反】 infamy, notoriety 不好的名声 【考法2】 n. 夸奖，赞扬： acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement 【例】 The attorney did pro bono work because it was the right thing to do, and not for any future kudos that it might bring. 这名律师之所以为慈善机构和穷人所提供免费服务，是因为他觉得这是正确的事情，而非为了任何可 能因此而产生的赞扬 【近】 acclaim, accolade, applause, credit, distinction, homage, honor, laud, laurels 【反】 belittlement, denigration, deprecation, derogation, diminishment, disparagement 贬损

negation

【考法1】 n. 否定： the opposite or absence of something regarded as actual, positive, or affirmative 【例】 issued specific negations of all of the charges against her 发表了明确的声明，否定了所有对她的指控 【近】 contradiction, denegation, denial, gainsaying, rejection, repudiation 【反】 acknowledgement, affirmation, avowal 肯定，同意 【派】 negative adj. 否定的；负面的

rapport

【考法1】 n. 和睦，友好： a friendly relationship marked by ready communication and mutual understanding 【例】 His good rapport with his students was one of the reasons why the school board named him Teacher of the Year. 他和学生的关系和睦是他被提名为"年度教师"的原因之一。 【近】 amity,communion, concord, fellowship, harmony, rapprochement 【反】 animosity, antagonism, antipathy, bitterness, enmity, hostility, jaundice, rancor 敌意

rapprochement

【考法1】 n. 和睦，友好： establishment of or state of having cordial relations 【例】 an era of rapprochement betweenChina and Russia 中俄两国睦邻友好关系的新纪元 【近】 amity,communion, concord, fellowship, harmony, rapport 【反】 animosity, antagonism, antipathy, bitterness, enmity, hostility, jaundice, rancor 敌意【记】 源自re重新 + approach 接近→两人就重新接近→和好

incantation

【考法1】 n. 咒语： a spoken word or set of words believed to have magic power 【例】 Hovering over the sick child, the witch doctor muttered mysterious incantations. 巫医在生病的小孩子身边走来走去，嘴里念着神秘的咒语 【近】 abracadabra, bewitchment, charm, conjuration, enchantment, glamour, hex, invocation

mire

【考法1】 n. 困境： a difficult, puzzling, or embarrassing situation from which there is no easy escape 【例】 stuck in a mire of emotional dependency 陷于感情依赖的困境中 【近】 dilemma, hole, impasse, jam, pickle, quagmire, rattrap, swamp 【考法2】 vt. 使陷入困境，拖后腿： to hamper or hold back as if by mire 【例】 be mired in the past 陷于过去的回忆不能自拔 【近】 bog, broil, delay, detain, entangle, entrap, retard 【反】 enfranchise, extricate, free, liberate, rescue 使解脱 记】 nightmare 梦魇, 恶梦，是night作梦陷入困境

plight

【考法1】 n. 困境： a situation, especially a bad or unfortunate one 【例】 He was in a plight, trying to decide whether or not to take the job. 他处在不知道是否应该接受这份工 作的困境之中。 【近】 dilemma, jam, predicament, quandary

quandary

【考法1】 n. 困惑，窘境： a state of perplexity or doubt 【例】 I've had two job offers, and I'm in a real quandary about/over which one to accept. 我有两个工作机会,但 实在是进退两难，不知道应该选哪一个. 【近】 catch-22, double bind 【反】 state of complete certainty 胸有成竹

persistence

【考法1】 n. 坚持，持续： uninterrupted or lasting existence 【近】 The persistenceof the fever for a week caused me great worry. 持续一周的发烧让我很不安 【近】 ceaselessness, continuance, continuity, durability, endurance, subsistence 【反】 cessation, close, end, expiration, finish, stoppage, surcease, termination 停止 【派】 persistent adj. 持续不断的

raffle

【考法1】 n. 垃圾，废物： discarded or useless material 【例】 The front lawn was littered with the raffle that the workers had left behind. 前院的草坪上满是工人们丢 的垃圾。 【近】 chaff, deadwood, debris, dreck, dross, effluvium, litter, offal, offscouring, refuse, riffraff, rubbish, scrap,spilth shuffle: v. flounder, stamp

prestige

【考法1】 n. 声望，威望： the level of respect at which one is regarded by others 【例】 The prestige of the university has been irrevocably impaired by the plagiarism scandal. 这所大学的声望 已经因剽窃丑闻而受到了不可挽回的损失。 【近】 credit, fame, influence, reputation 【反】 infamy 坏名声 【派】 prestigious adj. 有名望的

patina

【考法1】 n. 外表： a superficial covering or exterior 【例】 a superficial patina of knowledge 表面肤浅的知识 【近】 façade, hull, skin, veneer 【反】 essential quality 本质；core, kernel 核心 【考法2】 n. （由内而外散发的）氛围，气场： an appearance or aura that is derived from association, habit, or established character 【例】 Although the winery is brand-new, it has been constructed and decorated to give it a patina of old-world quaintness. 尽管酿酒厂是全新建造的，但它的构造和装饰都刻意营造出一种古色古香的奇异氛围 【反】 air, ambience, aroma, atmosphere, climate, flavor, halo, odor, smell, temper, vibration a thin usually green layer that forms naturally on copper and bronze by long exposure or artificially and often valued aesthetically for its color

montage

【考法1】 n. 大杂烩： an unorganized collection or mixture of various things 【例】 My memories of the childhood trip are a montage of the sights of two rivers, smells of hotpots, and sounds of light railway of Chongqing. 我孩提时代旅行的记忆就是由两江风光、火锅的香味以及重庆的轻轨声杂糅而成的 【近】 agglomerate, collage, hodgepodge, medley, motley, salad, variety

inferno

【考法1】 n. 大火： an intense fire 【例】 A raging inferno posed a serious threat to the downwind villages. 肆虐的大火给下风向的村庄带来了 严重的威胁 【近】 conflagration, holocaust 【考法2】 n. 地狱： a place or a state that resembles or suggests hell 【例】 the inferno of war 地狱般的战场 【近】 hell, underworld 【反】 paradise, heaven, nirvana 天堂，乐土

prairie

【考法1】 n. 大草原： an extensive area of flat or rolling, predominantly treeless grassland 【例】 Canadian Prairie 加拿大大草原地区 【近】 grassland, meadow, plain, savanna

legion

【考法1】 n. 大量的人，（尤指）军团： a large body of men and women organized for land warfare 【例】 joined the French Foreign Legion 加入了法国外籍军团 【近】 army, battalion, flock, herd, horde, mob, swarm, throng 【考法2】 adj. 大量的：many, numerous 【例】 The problems are legion. 问题不计其数 【近】 beaucoup, multifold, multitudinous, numerous 【反】 few, lack in number 少量的

peck

【考法1】 n. 大量： a considerable amount 【例】 Now you're in a peck of trouble. 现在你有一堆麻烦了 【近】 abundance, bunch, bundle, dozen, mass, mountain, much, multiplicity, myriad, pile, plenitude, profusion, ton, volume, wealth 【反】 bit, glimmer, handful, hint, little, mite, nip, ounce, peanuts, pittance, spot, sprinkle, trace 少量 【考法2】 v. （不情愿地）小口咬： to eat reluctantly and in small bites 【例】 Fashion models never really eat: they just peck at small meals in expensive restaurants. 时装模特们 几乎不吃东西——他们只是随便咬一口昂贵餐厅里的食物 【近】 bite, nibble, sip, tipple 【近】 devour, gobble, gorge, guzzle, quaff, swill 贪婪地吃喝，大口吃喝

plentitude

【考法1】 n. 大量： an ample amount or quantity; an abundance 【例】 a plentitude of lumber for the current housing market 充足的家具木材供给 【近】 abundance, affluence, cornucopia, myriad, plenty, profusion, stack, wealth 【反】 dearth, deficiency, inadequacy, insufficiency 缺乏，匮乏；mite, peanuts, pinch, pittance, trace 少量

paradise

【考法1】 n. 天堂，极乐世界： an often imaginary place or state of utter perfection and happiness 【例】 an idealist who trotted the globe looking for paradise 一个奔波于全世界以寻找一片乐土的理想主义者 【近】 bliss, empyrean, heaven, nirvana, utopia 【反】 hell, inferno 地狱 【考法2】 n. 快乐，狂喜： a state of overwhelming usually pleasurable emotion 【例】 that early stage of a romance when lovers are in paradise 爱情初期，当恋人们都处于快乐兴奋的状态时 【近】 elation, euphoria, exhilaration, intoxication, rapture, rhapsody, transport 【反】 dejection, depression, gloominess, melancholy 沮丧，哀伤

padding

【考法1】 n. 夸张，废话： the representation of something in terms that go beyond the facts 【例】 that feature writer is sometimes guilty of padding, but he keeps it from getting out of hand 这作者有时 候夸夸其谈，但是保持了适度 【近】 caricature, coloring, elaboration, embellishment, embroidery, hyperbole, magnification, overstatement, stretching 【反】 meiosis, understatement 轻描淡写

inventory

【考法1】 n. 存货清单： a detailed, itemized list, report, or record of things in one's possession, especially a periodic survey of all goods and materials in stock 【例】 The dealership has an unusually large inventory of pre-owned vehicles. 销售商手中有着一份巨大的二 手车库存单 【近】 budget, pool, repertoire, reservoir, stock 【考法2】 n. a short statement of the main points 【例】 They decided to offer the public an informative inventory of everything that is known about the virus at this time. 他们决定向公众提供一份极富价值的报告，它涵盖了目前为止关于这种病毒的所有认识 【近】 abstract, brief, epitome, outline, résumé, summarization, synopsis

placebo

【考法1】 n. 安慰性的事物： something of no intrinsic remedial value that is used to appease or reassure another 【例】 Candies are often adopted as the placebo for the dying patients. 糖果通常作为安慰剂给重症患者服用。

ration

【考法1】 n. 定额供应量，配给量： an amount allotted or made available especially from a limited supply 【例】 The meat ration was down to one pound per person per week. 肉的人均供给量降至了每周一磅。 【近】 allotment, allowance, apportionment, portion, provision, quota, share 【考法2】 vt. 按比例分配： to give as a share or portion 【例】 The region has had to ration water during times of drought. 干旱时该地区不得不按比例分配水资源。 【近】 allocate, allot, allow, apportion, assign, distribute, lot 【反】 keep, retain, withhold 扣留，拒接给予

parable

【考法1】 n. 寓言： a story intended to teach a basic truth or moral about life 【例】 the parable in which the repentant sinner is compared to the returning prodigal son 这个寓言故事将 不愿悔过的罪人和回头的浪子进行了比较 【近】 apologue, fable

mentor

【考法1】 n. 导师： a trusted counselor or guide 【例】 not only an lecturer but also a spirit mentor 不仅是授课者，还是精神导师 【近】 advisor, coach, counselor, guide, instructor, teacher 【反】 disciple, pupil 弟子；apprentice 学徒 【考法2】 vt. 教导，指导： to give advice and instruction regarding the course or process to be followed 【例】 We're looking for volunteers to mentor students in career planning. 我们在寻找能指导学生职业规划的 志愿者 【近】 coach, counsel, lead, pilot, shepherd, show, tutor 【反】 comply, follow, observe 遵从

murmur

【考法1】 n. 小声的话语： a low, indistinct, continuous sound 【例】 We could hear the murmur of the audience throughout the entire performance. 我们在整个演出当中 都能听到观众的窃窃私语 【近】 grunt, mumble, mutter, undertone, whisper 【反】 roar 怒吼 【考法2】 v. 低声抱怨，发牢骚： to complain in low mumbling tones; grumble 【例】 We could hear the murmur of the audience throughout the entire performance. 我们在整个演出当中 都能听到观众的窃窃私语 【近】 carp, fuss, gripe, grizzle, grouch, grouse, grumble, moan, repine, whine 【反】 crow, delight, rejoice 欢呼，高兴

lapse

【考法1】 n. 小过失： a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention 【例】 a lapse in table manner 餐桌礼仪的小过错 【近】 blunder, fumble, gaffe, miscue, oversight, peccadillo 【考法2】 v. 结束，终止： to come to an end 【例】 The contract will lapse at the end of the year. 合同将于年底到期 【近】 cease, conclude, die, end, expire, finish, stop, terminate 【反】 continue, persist, hang on 持续

inch

【考法1】 n. 少量，很短的距离： a very small distance or degree 【例】 give them aninch, and they'll take a mile 得寸进尺‖Inch by inch, we're making progress toward our fund-raising goal. 我们在慢慢地接近筹款的目标 【近】 ace, hairbreadth, skip, neck, step 【考法2】 v. 慢慢移动： to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees 【例】 The car inched carefully across the snow-covered bridge. 汽车慢慢地通过被大雪覆盖的桥梁 【近】 crawl, creak, creep, limp, plod, slouch, snail 【反】 dart, fleet, flit, scurry 飞奔，疾行

paucity

【考法1】 n. 少量，缺乏： smallness of number; dearth 【例】 an extreme paucity of natural resources 极度缺乏自然资源 【近】 dearth, deficit, drought, inadequacy, insufficiency, lack, scantiness, scarcity, shortage, undersupply, want 【反】 abundance, adequacy, amplitude, opulence, plenitude, sufficiency, wealth 大量，丰富

modicum

【考法1】 n. 少量： a small portion; a limited quantity 【例】 a modicum of food quota 极少量的食物配额 【近】 atom, iota, mite, molecule, particle 【反】 abundance, affluence 大量

nip

【考法1】 n. 少量： a very small amount 【例】 I'll have just a nip of your sandwich. 我只吃一点点你的三明治 【近】 bit, hint, little, mite, ounce, snap, trace 【反】 abundance, affluence, avalanche 大量 【考法2】 vi. 小口吃喝： to sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts 【近】 nibble, sip, tipple 【反】 guzzle, quaff, swill 大口吃喝

mint

【考法1】 n. 巨额： an abundant amount, especially of money 【例】 worth a mint 价值连城 【近】 bomb, boodle, bundle, fortune, pile, wad 【反】 mite, modicum 少量 【考法2】 adj. 无损坏的： unmarred as if fresh from a mint 【例】 a second-handed laptop in mint condition 一台几乎全新的二手笔记本电脑 【近】 intact, original, perfect, pristine, unmarred, virginal 【反】 impaired, damaged 有损坏的；stale 陈腐的

philistine

【考法1】 n. 市侩（注重物质而鄙视智慧或艺术的人）： a person who is guided by materialism and is usually disdainful of intellectual or artistic values 【例】 The philistine's critics sometime limit artists' imagine. 市侩之人的批评有时会限制艺术家的想象力 【近】 lowbrow, materialist 【反】 highbrow 文化修养高的人

purlieu

【考法1】 n. 常去的地方： a place for spending time or for socializing 【例】 The restaurant, the preferred purlieu of the theatergoing crowd, is always packed an hour or two before showtime. 观剧的人群经常去的那间餐厅，总是在演出开始前1-2 小时爆满。 【近】haunt, purlieu, rendezvous, resort, stamping ground, stomping ground 【考法2】 n. 临近的地区： an adjoining region or space 【例】 We stopped at one of the several pubs in the purlieus of the stadium. 我们在体育馆附近的一间酒吧停下来。 【近】 backyard, neighborhood, purlieus, vicinage, vicinity【记】 pur per through 通过 + lieu 场所

prologue

【考法1】 n. 序言： the preface or introduction to a literary work 【例】 the burglary, which he committed while still a teen, was but a prologue to a wasted life of crime 他青少 年时犯过的入室抢劫拉开了他偷盗生涯的序幕 【近】 exordium, foreword, preamble, preface, prelude, proem, prolusion 【反】 epilogue 结尾

preface

【考法1】 n. 序言：a preliminary statement or essay introducing a book that explains its scope, intention, or background and is usually written by the author 【例】 An informal brunch served as a preface to the three-day conference. 一顿非正式的便餐作为为期三天的 会议的序曲。 【近】 exordium, foreword, introduction, overture, preamble, prelude, prologue 【反】 epilogue 尾声 【派】 prefatory adj. 序言的

motto

【考法1】 n. 座右铭： a short expression of a guiding principle 【例】 "Semper fidelis" is the motto of US Marine Corps. "永远忠诚"是美国海军陆战队的格言 【近】 catchword, doctrine, dogma, idiom, slogan

moratorium

【考法1】 n. 延期，暂缓施行： a suspension of activity 【例】 a moratorium on nuclear tests 暂缓核试验 【近】 abeyance, delay, doldrums, dormancy, latency, quiescence, postponement, suspension 【反】 resumption （从中断处）继续进行

inception

【考法1】 n. 开端，开始： an act, process, or instance of beginning 【例】 This seemed like a good program at its inception, but it isn't working out as planned. 一开始这像是个 不错的项目，但是它没有按照我们的预期发展 【近】 beginning, birth, commencement, dawn, genesis, kickoff, launch, nascence, onset, outset, start, threshold 【反】 close, conclusion, end, termination,omega 结束，终止 【派】 inceptive adj. 开端的，初生的

outset

【考法1】 n. 开端，开始： beginning, start 【例】 I wish you'd mentioned this problem at the outset. 我希望你开门见山就提到这个问题。 【近】 alpha, commencement, genesis, inception, incipience, nascence 【反】 termination, close, conclusion, end, ending, omega 终止

penchant

【考法1】 n. 强烈嗜好，迷恋： a strong and continued inclination 【例】 a penchant for Champaign 非常喜爱香槟 【近】 affection, bias, disposition, leaning, partiality, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, tendency 【反】 aversion, disfavor, disinclination, dislike, distaste, loathing, repugnance, repulsion 反感 chant：V. to make melodic sounds with the voice; 2. to recite something in a monotonous repetitive tone

presage

【考法1】 n. 征兆： something believed to be a sign or warning of a future event 【例】 The sight of the first robin is always a welcome presage of spring. 第一只知更鸟的出现总是迎接春天到来的象征 【近】 augury, auspice, boding, foreboding, foreshadowing, portent, prefiguring 【考法2】 vt. 预示，预言： to foretell or predict 【例】 The incident may presage war. 这个事件可能是战争的征兆 【近】 adumbrate, augur, forecast, foretell, portend, predict, prognosticate, 记】 pre + sage 智者，圣人→提前就知世事的圣人；sage 汉语拼音象：先知

mite

【考法1】 n. 微小的东西，很少的钱： a very small object, creature, or particle, a very small sum of money 【例】 I have only a mite left to buy lunch for the rest of the week. 我只剩下一点钱来买剩下一周几天的午饭了 【近】 atom, bit, hint, iota, molecule, particle, pittance, trace 【反】 boodle, bundle, fortune 大笔（金钱）；colossus 巨大的事物

psychology

【考法1】 n. 心理学： the science that deals with mental processes and behavior 【例】 She studied psychology in college. 她大学专业是心理学。 【考法2】 n. 心理战术： subtle tactical action or argument used to manipulate or influence another 【例】 He used poor psychology on his employer when trying to make the point. 他表达观点时，对老板用了拙劣 的心理战术。

miscreant

【考法1】 n. 恶棍，罪犯： one who behaves criminally or viciously 【例】 robbed by a bunch of miscreants 遭到了一伙歹徒的抢劫 【近】 brute, culprit, devil, felon, fiend, offender, rascal, reprobate, villain 【反】 cavalier, chevalier （尤指对女士）彬彬有礼的绅士【记】 mis + create 产生，创造，生错了，怎么生出这么个坏人来；做出不好事的

precipice

【考法1】 n. 悬崖峭壁： a very steep or overhanging place 【例】 a precipice too steep to climb 过于陡峭而无法攀爬的悬崖 【近】 bluff, cliff, crag, escarpment, palisade 【反】 ridge 山脊 【派】 precipitous adj. 陡峭的

lament

【考法1】 n. 悼词： a composition expressing one's grief over a loss 【例】 her lament for her grandmother 她为她祖母写的悼词 【近】 dirge, elegy, requiem 【考法2】 n. 抱怨： an expression of dissatisfaction, pain, or resentment 【例】 the career woman's lament that there aren't any good men left 职场女性的抱怨：好男人都死光了 【近】 carp, complaint, fuss, grievance, gripe, grouch, grouse, grumble, moan, murmur 【考法3】 vi. 哀悼，表达痛苦或遗憾： to express sorrow or regret; mourn 【例】 lament an innocent death 为无辜的死者而悲痛 【近】 bemoan, deplore, grieve, moan, mourn, wail 【反】 delight, exult, joy, rejoice 感到高兴

jog

【考法1】 n. 慢跑： a movement, pace, or instance of jogging (as for exercise) 【考法2】 vi. 唤起： to rouse or stimulate 【例】 an old photo that might jog your memory 一张也许会唤起你回忆的老照片 【近】 arouse, excite, incite, instigate, pique, remind, stimulate, stir 【反】 allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 缓和

odium

【考法1】 n. 憎恶，讨厌： strong dislike, contempt, or aversion 【例】 time did nothing to diminish the odium in which the traitor lived out his days 时间也没有减少大家对这 个叛徒的唾弃 【近】 ignominy, infamy, obloquy, opprobrium 【反】 esteem, honor, respect, hankering, infatuation 尊敬，渴望，着迷

languor

【考法1】 n. 懒惰： physical or mental inertness 【例】 He enjoyed the languor brought on by a hot summer afternoon. 他很享受夏日午后的慵懒 【近】 collapse, exhaustion, frazzle, lassitude, listlessness, stupor, torpor, prostration 【反】 verve, vim,animation,vitality 有活力 【考法2】 n. 衰弱： weakness or weariness of body or mind 【例】 The tropical heat sapped our strength, leaving us in a state of unaccustomed languor. 热带的炎热气候 消磨着我们的力量，让我们感到一阵虚弱的不适 【近】 debilitation, enervation, enfeeblement, fragility, infirmity 【反】 robustness, strength, vivacity 强壮，有力

manuscript

【考法1】 n. 手稿： a book, document, or other composition written by hand 【例】 beautiful Latin manuscript on the school's diplomas 学校毕业证书上美丽的手写拉丁文 【近】 calligraphy, penmanship, script 【反】 print, type, typewriting 打字稿

persiflage

【考法1】 n. 打趣： good-natured teasing or exchanging of clever remarks 【例】 Their tongue-in-cheek persiflage is sometimes mistaken for an exchange of insults by people who don't know them. 他们半开玩笑的打趣有时候被不认识他们的人误认为是在互相对骂 【近】 backchat, badinage, chaff, jesting, joshing, raillery, repartee音：破西服，打趣人家西服破

mastery

【考法1】 n. 技艺超群，精通： possession or display of great skill or technique 【例】 She has mastery of several languages. 她熟练掌握多种语言 【近】 deftness, dexterity, finesse, prowess, virtuosity 【反】 amateurishness 业余 【派】 masterful adj. 精通的

misgiving

【考法1】 n. 担忧，疑虑： a feeling of doubt or suspicion especially concerning a future event 【例】 No one can dispel his misgiving. 没有人能打消他的疑虑 【近】 apprehension, distrust, doubt, dread, fear, foreboding, incertitude, skepticism, suspicion 【反】 assurance, belief, certainty, certitude, confidence, conviction, sureness, surety, trust 信心

largesse

【考法1】 n. 捐赠物： something given to someone without expectation of a return 【例】 The alumna's huge bequest was an unexpected largess. 校友们的巨额遗赠是一笔意料之外的财富 【近】 bestowal, donation, giveaway, present 【考法2】 n. 慷慨： liberality in giving or willingness to give 【例】 be noted for his largesse 因慷慨而闻名 【近】 bountifulness, generosity, munificence, openhandedness, philanthropy 【反】 miserliness, parsimony, penury, stinginess 小气

ratiocination

【考法1】 n. 推理： the thought processes that have been established as leading to valid solutions to problems 【例】 As an expert in ratiocination, the detective Sherlock Holmes has few rivals. 作为推理专家，大侦探福尔 摩斯可谓无人能及。 【近】 deduction, intellection, reason, reasoning, sense

poseur

【考法1】 n. 故作姿态、不真诚的人：an affected or insincere person 【例】 She is such a poseur and you will never know if she is really crying or pretending. 她就是个爱装的人，你 从不知道她是真的在哭还是只是假装而已。 【近】 grandstander, poser

rancor

【考法1】 n. 敌意，深仇： a bitter deep-seated ill will 【例】 A good man terminates a friendship without rancor. 君子绝交不记仇。 【近】 animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, bitterness, gall, grudge, hostility, jaundice 【反】 amity, harmony, goodwill, rapport, rapprochement 和睦，友好；friendship 友谊

pedagogue

【考法1】 n. 教育者，老师： a person whose occupation is to give formal instruction in a school 【例】 a boring pedagogue who is called "PPT reader" 一个被戏称为"幻灯片朗读机"的无聊老师 【近】 educator, instructor, preceptor, teacher 【反】 disciple, pupil, student 弟子，学生

pluck

【考法1】 n. 敢于面对困难的勇气： resourceful courage and daring in the face of difficulties 【例】 full of pluck 充满了勇气 【近】 backbone, courage, dauntlessness, grit, guts, resolution, spirit, spunk 【反】 cowardice, coward, spinelessness 胆小，怯懦 【考法2】 v. 弹奏（弦乐）： to sound (the strings of an instrument) by pulling and releasing them with the fingers or a plectrum 【例】 pluck the harp 弹奏竖琴 【近】 play 【派】 plucky adj. 勇敢的 fluky： adj. 侥幸的；偶然的

obeisance

【考法1】 n. 敬礼，尊重： a movement of the body made in token of respect or submission 【例】 makes obeisance to her mentors 向她的导师们致敬 【派】 obeisant 恭敬的 【反】 impertinent, impudent, imperious 不敬的，无礼的

nonsense

【考法1】 n. 无意义的话，废话： words or language having no meaning or conveying no intelligible ideas 【例】 Many of the words in the poem are nonsense. 这首诗歌当中很多词都是废话。 【近】 babble, blabber, drivel, prattle, mumbo jumbo

impuissance

【考法1】 n. 无权，虚弱： lack of power or effectivenes 【例】 In spite of their impuissance the group remains highly active. 尽管手中无权，但这个组织仍然十分活跃 【近】 impotence, powerlessness, weakness 【反】 clout, potency, power, puissance 权势 【派】 impuissant adj. 无权无势的，无能的

juggernaut

【考法1】 n. 无法阻挡的力量， 摧毁一切的强大力量： an overwhelming, advancing force that crushes everything in its path 【例】 the juggernaut of industrialization 工业化无法阻挡的力量 【近】 steamroller jugger 罐子里的人 + naut 员，有个故事是瓶子里有个精灵，有强大的力量与魔法；这个词是看作是罐子里的精灵

nadir

【考法1】 n. 最低点： the lowest point 【例】 the nadir on the curve 曲线上的最低点 【近】 base, bottom, foot 【反】 acme, apex, climax, meridian, peak, pinnacle, summit, top, zenith 最高点

potentate

【考法1】 n. 有权的人： one who has the power and position to rule over others 【例】 a son of a potentate 官二代 【近】 authority, autocrat, monarch, ruler, sovereign 【反】 figurehead （有名无权的）傀儡

periodical

【考法1】 n. 期刊： a publication that appears at regular intervals 【派】 subscribed to three new periodicals 订阅了三份新的期刊 【近】 book, magazine, newspaper, paper, review, serial 【考法2】 adj. 周期性的，有固定间隔的： occurring or recurring at regular intervals 【派】 periodical announcements from airline personnel concerning the delay 航空公司工作人员关于延误所进行的一遍又一遍的广播 【近】 continual, periodic, recurrent, recurring 【反】 constant, continuous, incessant, unceasing 持续不断的

lumber

【考法1】 n. 木材： tree logs as prepared for human use 【例】 A huge amount of lumber will be needed to build the house. 建这栋房子需要大量的木材 【近】 timber, wood 【考法2】 vi. 笨拙地行动： to walk or move with heavy clumsiness 【例】 The elephant lumbered through the jungle. 大象缓缓地穿越丛林 【近】 flounder, plod, stumble, trudge 【反】 glide, slide 轻松地滑动 【考法3】 vi. 使负担（从而拖累）： to place a weight or burden on 【例】 lumber the expedition with unnecessary equipment and supplies 不必要的仪器和补给品给此次远征徒增 了许多负担 【近】 burden, encumber, freight, lade, laden, saddle, weight 【反】 disburden, discharge, disencumber, unlade, unload 卸下，解脱

puissance

【考法1】 n. 权力： power; might 【例】 the president pledged to put the full puissance of the nation into the war effort 总统下令全国进入战争状态 【近】 force, might, potency, strength, vigor, sinew 【反】 powerlessness, impotence, weakness 无力

pundit

【考法1】 n. 权威人士，专家： a person who gives opinions in an authoritative manner usually through the mass media 【例】 the new laptop has gotten a thumbs-up from industry pundits 新出的笔记本电脑受到了业界专家的一 致好评 【近】 savant, scholar

luminary

【考法1】 n. 杰出人物： a person who has achieved eminence in a specific field 【例】 Buddhist luminary 佛学大师‖Luminaries from the worlds of sports, entertainment, and politics were at the gala. 全球体育界、娱乐圈和政界的名人都出席了此次盛会 【近】 celebrity, eminence, figure, icon, notability, star, superstar 【反】 nobody, nonentity 小人物

jingoist

【考法1】 n. 极端爱国激进分子（通常表现为好战的对外政策）： extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy 【例】 jingoists who cry for war 叫嚣着鼓吹开战的激进分子 【近】 chauvinist, nationalist, superpatriot, war hawk 【反】 dove, pacifist, peacenik 反战派人士

pillar

【考法1】 n. 柱子： a firm upright support for a superstructure 【例】 stone pillars that supported the hall 支撑大厅的石柱 【近】 column, pier, pilaster 【考法2】 n. （物质、精神等方面的）支柱： something or someone to which one looks for support 【例】 My father has been my pillar throughout this crisis. 整场危机之中我父亲都是我的支柱。 【近】 anchor, buttress, mainstay, reliance, standby

prune

【考法1】 n. 梅干： a plum dried or capable of drying without fermentation 【考法2】 vt. 修剪： to cut off or remove dead or living parts or branches of (a plant, for example) to improve shape or growth 【例】 The students were asked to prune their essays. 学生们被要求修改文章。 【近】 shave, shear, snip, trim

minutia

【考法1】 n. 次要的细节，小事： a minute or minor detail 【例】 plagued by minutiae 被不重要的细节困扰 【近】 triviality 【反】 gist 要点

paean

【考法1】 n. 欢乐颂： a joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute, thanksgiving, or triumph 【例】 her retirement party featured many paeans for her long years of service to the company 她的退休派 对满是对她多年在公司辛勤工作的赞颂 【近】 accolade, citation, dithyramb, eulogium, eulogy, hymn, panegyric, tribute

probity

【考法1】 n. 正直： faithfulness to high moral standards 【例】 a person of indisputable probity should head the disciplinary panel 一个绝对正直的人应该来领导纪律 委员会 【近】 honesty, integrity, rectitude, righteousness, uprightness 【反】 unscrupulousness, shiftiness, baseness, dishonor, lowness 肆无忌惮，欺骗

integrity

【考法1】 n. 正直： steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code, devotion to telling the truth 【例】 After a thorough investigation into "Climategate", the panel concluded that the integrity of scientific community is still sound. 经过对"气候门事件"的彻底调查，专家组认为学术界的信誉和道德仍然是值得信赖的 【近】 conscience, honesty, incorruptibility, rectitude, righteousness, scrupulousness 【反】 baseness 卑鄙；deceit, deceitfulness, dishonesty, lying, mendacity, untruthfulness 欺骗 【考法2】 n. 完整性： the quality or condition of being whole or undivided 【例】 trying to maintain the integrity of the falling empire 尽力维持日趋西山的帝国的统一 【近】 completeness, entireness, perfection, wholeness

rectitude

【考法1】 n. 正直： the quality or state of being straight; moral integrity 【例】 The principal encouraged the graduates to go on to live lives of rectitude. 校长鼓励毕业生们在今后的生 活中做一个正直的人。 【近】 honesty, integrity, probity, righteousness, scrupulousness, uprightness, virtue, virtuousness 【反】 badness, evil, immorality, iniquity, sin, villainy, wickedness 邪恶，罪恶

precipitation

【考法1】 n. 沉积物，尤指降水： something precipitated as a deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain, sleet, or snow 【例】 The storm brought several inches of precipitation. 风暴带来的降水量高达数英尺。 【近】 deposit, sediment 【考法2】 n. 仓促： excited and often showy or disorderly speed 【例】 I fear that I may have acted with some precipitation on this matter, so I would like to reconsider. 我害怕 自己在这个事情上考虑得太仓促了，因此我想再想想。 【近】 haste, hastiness, hustle, precipitousness, rush 【反】 deliberation 深思熟虑

marsh

【考法1】 n. 沼泽，湿地： an area of soft, wet, low-lying land 【例】 The marshes along the coast support a remarkable profusion of plants and animals. 沿着海岸线一带 的沼泽为大量的动植物提供了栖息所 【近】 bog, fen, marshland, mire, moor, morass, quagmire, slough, swamp, wetland 【派】 marshy adj.潮湿的

rapscallion

【考法1】 n. 流氓，恶棍：a mean, evil, or unprincipled person 【例】 an unsafe place frequented by drunkards and rapscallions 一个酒鬼和流氓经常造访的不安全的地方 【近】 brute, devil, evildoer, fiend, knave, miscreant, rascal, reprobate, rogue, savage, scamp, varlet, wretch 【反】 saint 圣人；cavalier, chevalier （尤指对女士）彬彬有礼的绅士 scal: 规模

mirage

【考法1】 n. 海市蜃楼，幻想： something illusory and unattainable like a mirage 【例】 Reunion with her husband has become a mirage. 与他丈夫重逢已是可望而不可及的幻象‖A peaceful solution proved to be a mirage. 和平解决问题是不可能的了 【近】 chimera, delusion, hallucination, illusion, phantom, vision 【反】 reality 现实【记】 miracle，c=g，看到了奇迹→海市蜃楼；mirror 镜子中的幻影

influx

【考法1】 n. 涌入： a coming in 【例】 They anticipated an influx of tourists next month. 他们预期下个月会有大批游客涌入 【近】 affluence, flux, income, inflow, inpouring, inrush 【反】 exodus 大批离去；outflow, outpouring 流出

insight

【考法1】 n. 深刻的理解： an instance of apprehending the true nature of a thing, especially through intuitive understanding 【例】 an insight into the global-scale environmental problems 对于全球性环境问题的深刻理解 【近】 discernment, insight, perception, sagacity, sapience 【反】 glimmer, inkling 略懂，略知一二 【派】 insightful adj. 有洞察力的

profundity

【考法1】 n. 深奥，深刻： something profound or abstruse 【例】 His books are a mixture of playfulness and profundity. 他的作品都是搞笑和深刻的结合体。 【近】 deepness, profoundness 【反】 superficiality 肤浅

rabble

【考法1】 n. 混乱的人群： a disorganized or disorderly crowd of people 【例】 the crown prince was reminded that even the rabble deserved his attention and compassion 太子应该 知道即使是草民，也值得他的关注和同情 【近】 ragtag and bobtail, riffraff, scum, rag, trash, unwashed【记】 rabbit 一群野兔是乌合之众；pebble 小圆石<br/>【另】 mob 暴徒, 乌合之众

perspicuity

【考法1】 n. 清晰明了： the quality of being perspicuous; clearness and lucidity 【例】 The key of modern enterprise system is the prespicuity of property right. 现代企业制度的核心是产权的明晰 【近】 clarity, clearness, explicitness, lucidity, lucidness, perspicuousness 【反】 obscureness, obscurity, unclarity 模糊不清；ambiguity 模棱两可

mosque

【考法1】 n. 清真寺： a building used for public worship by Muslim 【例】 a deadly suicide attack at the mosque 在清真寺发生的致命自杀性袭击 【近】 cathedral, chapel, church, temple

maelstrom

【考法1】 n. 漩涡： a powerful often violent whirlpool sucking in objects within a given radius 【例】 Their raft got caught in a maelstrom. 他们的筏被一个漩涡卷住了 【近】 gulf, vortex, whirlpool 【考法2】 n. 混乱、动荡的局势： a violent or turbulent situation 【例】 the maelstrom of war 战争带来的乱世 【近】 chaos, disorder, pandemonium, tulmult, turmoil, upheaval, uproar 【反】 calm 风平浪静 nostrum: n. panacea

mania

【考法1】 n. 热衷，狂热： an excessively intense enthusiasm, interest, or desire; a craze 【例】 a mania for neatness 强烈的洁癖 【近】 ardor, craze, enthusiasm, fervor, obsession, passion, preoccupation, prepossession, zeal 【反】 apathy, indifference, nonchalance, torpor 冷漠，麻木 【派】 manic adj.疯狂的

incendiary

【考法1】 n. 煽动者： a person who stirs up public feelings especially of discontent 【例】 behind-the-scenes incendiaries who were intending to overthrow the government 企图推翻政府的幕后 煽动者 【近】 demagogue, exciter, firebrand, fomenter, inciter, instigator, kindler, provocateur 【考法2】 adj. 煽动性的： tending to inflame 【例】 an incendiary speech 煽动性的演说 【近】 agitational, instigative, provocative, seditious 【反】 conciliatory, pacific 安抚性的 in + cend(cens) 烧；与cinder(煤渣)同源，与燃烧有关

maverick

【考法1】 n. 特立独行之人： a person who does not conform to generally accepted standards or customs 【例】 Some mavericks believe that both gravity and light are electromagnetic forces. 一些特立独行的人认为， 重力和光都是电磁力 【近】 bohemian, deviant, heretic, iconoclast, nonconformist 【反】 conformer, conformist, conventionalist 遵从传统的人 【考法2】 adj. 标新立异的，不合常规的： deviating from commonly accepted beliefs or practices 【例】 a maverick view on marriage 关于婚姻的非传统看法 【近】 dissentient, dissenting, dissident, heterodox, iconoclastic, unorthodox 【反】 conforming, conventional, orthodox 遵从传统的

ingenuity

【考法1】 n. 独创性，创新性： inventive skill or imagination 【例】 There is little ingenuity in his articles. 他的文章鲜有独创性 【近】 creativeness, innovativeness, inventiveness, originality 【反】 banality, cliché 陈词滥调 【派】 ingenuous 真挚的

proclivity

【考法1】 n. 癖性，偏好： a natural propensity or inclination; predisposition 【例】 showed artistic proclivities at an early age 在很小的时候就表现除了对艺术的喜好 【近】 aptitude, disposition, leaning, partiality, penchant, predilection, propensity 【反】 aversion, antipathy, disinclination 厌恶，反感

lull

【考法1】 n. 相对平静时期，间隙： a momentary halt in an activity 【例】 the lull before the storm 暴风雨前的平静 【近】 break, breath, interruption, recess 【考法2】 vt. 使镇静，使安心： to free from distress or disturbance 【例】 The absence of attacks for such an extended period had lulled the nation into a false sense of security. 长期以来没有遭受攻击让这个国家产生了一种错误的安全感 【近】 allay, balm, becalm, compose, lullaby, quiet, salve, settle, soothe, still, tranquilize 【反】 agitate, discompose, disquiet, disturb, perturb, upset, vex 打扰，扰乱 loll: v. idle

parity

【考法1】 n. 相称，同等，平等： the quality or state of being equal or equivalent 【例】 to achieve parity with our commercial competitors 取得与我们的商业竞争对手同等的地位 【近】 coequality, coordinateness, equality, equivalency, par, sameness 【反】 disparity, imparity, inequality 不公平；incommensurateness 不相称

oxymoron

【考法1】 n. 矛盾修饰法： a combination of contradictory or incongruous words 【例】 The phrase "cruel kindness" is an oxymoron. "残酷的仁慈"就是矛盾修饰法的一个例子。|| The phrase "Broadway rock musical" is an oxymoron. Broadway doesn't have the nerve to let the really hard stuff in the house. "百老汇的摇滚音乐剧"是个反讽。百老汇才不会允许吵吵闹闹的东西在里面演出。oxy音:我可是 + moron蠢人,我可真是蠢人,实际上是我这么聪明的蠢人

propriety

【考法1】 n. 礼节： conformity to what is socially acceptable in conduct or speech 【例】 When attending a wedding, there are certain proprieties that must be followed. 参加婚礼时，有一些礼 节需要遵守。 【近】 decorum, form, etiquette 【反】 impropriety, indecency, indecorum 【考法2】 n. 适当得体： the quality or state of being especially suitable or fitting 【例】 I'm not sure about the propriety of serving champagne in these glasses. 我不确定在这种杯子里倒香槟 是否得体。 【近】 appositeness, aptness, felicity, fitness, properness, rightness, seemliness, suitability 【反】 improperness, impropriety, inappositeness, inappropriateness, inaptness, infelicity, unfitness, unseemliness, unsuitability, wrongness 不得体

jitters

【考法1】 n. 紧张，不安： a sense of panic or extreme nervousness 【例】 she suffered pre-wedding jitters 她有婚前恐惧 【近】 butterflies, dither, jimjams, nerves, shakes, shivers, willies 【反】 aplomb, calm, composure, equanimity, imperturbability, self-possession, tranquility 镇定，冷静

martinet

【考法1】 n. 纪律严明之人： a strict disciplinarian 【例】 He's a retired lieutenant and a bit of a martinet. 他是一个退役的中尉，并且是一个有点纪律严明的人 【近】 disciplinarian, purist, stickler 【反】 reprobate 放纵的人

purity

【考法1】 n. 纯净；清白，无罪： the quality or state of being morally pure; the quality or state of being morally pure 【例】 struggling to live a life of purity while surrounded by wickedness即使周围充满邪恶，也要使自己生命纯粹、 完美 【近】 chasteness, immaculacy, innocence, modesty 【反】 impurity, unchasteness, unchastity 堕落，没有节操 【派】 impurity n. 杂质 【派】 purist n. 纯粹主义者

nuance

【考法1】 n. 细微的差异： a subtle distinction or variation 【例】 a poem of little depth and nuance 一首没有什么深度、没有什么辨识度的诗 【反】 patent difference, lack of subtlety, sharp distinction, patency 明显的差别

mosaic

【考法1】 n. 综合物，马赛克般的东西： an unorganized collection or mixture of various things 【例】 a mosaic of testimony from various witnesses 从不同证人中得来的综合证词 【近】 agglomerate, collage, hodgepodge, jumble, montage, motley, muddle, salad, shuffle, variety, welter

privation

【考法1】 n. 缺乏，穷困： lack of what is needed for existence 【例】 the constant privation of sleep was starting to affect his work 长期以来的睡眠不足开始影响他的工作 【近】 deprivation, loss 【反】 repletion 充满

pulchritude

【考法1】 n. 美丽： great physical beauty and appeal 【反】 ugliness, homeliness, hideousness 丑陋，平庸

practitioner

【考法1】 n. 职业人士： one who practices a profession 【例】 medical practitioner 医护人员，行医者 【近】 expert, expounder, guru, professional, specialist, virtuoso 【反】 fledgling 无经验的人；quack 冒充内行的人

narcissism

【考法1】 n. 自恋： excessive love or admiration of oneself 【例】 In his narcissism, he just assumed that everyone else wanted to hear the tiny details of his day. 在他自 恋的眼中，所有人仿佛都想要听他日常生活里的细枝末节 【近】 egocentricity, egotism, self-absorption 【反】 self-hatred 自我憎恨 【派】 narcissistic adj. 自恋的

incense

【考法1】 n. 芳香： a sweet or pleasant smell 【例】 the heavenly incense of spring flowers 春天花朵发出的美妙芳香 【近】 aroma, balm, bouquet, fragrancy, perfume, redolence, scent, spice 【反】 fetor, malodor, reek, stench, stink 恶臭 【考法2】 vt. 激怒： to cause to be extremely angry 【例】 This proposal will certainly incense female activists. 这个提案肯定会激怒女权主义者 【近】 aggravate, enrage, exasperate,inflame, infuriate, ire, madden, outrage, rankle, rile, roil 【反】 delight, gratify, please 取悦；appease, conciliate, mollify, pacify, placate, propitiate, soothe 缓和

prowess

【考法1】 n. 英勇，勇敢： superior strength, courage, or daring, especially in battle 【例】 his prowess on the football field 他在球场上过人的勇气 【近】 bravery, courageousness, daring, gallantry, guts, intrepidity 【反】 timid, cowardice, cravenness, dastardliness, poltroonery, spinelessness 胆怯

pretense

【考法1】 n. 虚假，伪装： the act of pretending; a false appearance or action intended to deceive 【例】 There is too much pretense in his piety. 他的虔诚大多都是伪装。 【近】 affectation, camouflage, deceit, disguise, imposture, mask, masquerade 【反】 sincerity 真诚 【考法2】 n. 自大，优越感： an exaggerated sense of one's importance that shows itself in the making of excessive or unjustified claims 【近】 assumption, hauteur, imperiousness, loftiness, lordliness, pomposity, superciliousness, superiority 【反】 humility, modesty 谦逊

pedestrian

【考法1】 n. 行人： a person traveling on foot 【例】 a lane reserved for pedestrians 行人专用道 【近】 footer, walker 【反】 rider 骑手 【考法2】 adj. 平庸无奇的，令人厌倦的： causing weariness, restlessness, or lack of interest 【例】 His style is so pedestrian that the book becomes a real bore. 他的风格是如此平庸以至于整本书显得 非常无聊 【近】 arid, dreary, dull, flat, jading, jejune, monochromatic, monotonous, stale, stodgy, tedious, wearisome 【反】 absorbing, engaging, engrossing, gripping, interesting, intriguing, involving, riveting 吸引人的

paradox

【考法1】 n. 表面矛盾实际可能正确的话，悖论： a statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense and yet is perhaps true 【例】 The paradox is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less. 存在的一个悖论就是：如果渔民 减少捕鱼量的话，他们将会捕到更多的鱼 【近】 dichotomy, incongruity

pariah

【考法1】 n. 被排斥或鄙视的人： one that is despised or rejected, outcast 【例】 I felt like a pariah when I wore the wrong outfit to the dinner party. 当我穿着不恰当的礼服赴宴时，我感 觉自己被别人狠狠地鄙视了 【近】 castaway, castoff, leper, reject 【反】 respectable person 值得尊敬的人

prescription

【考法1】 n. 规定，传统的规矩： something prescribed as a rule; especially an inherited or established way of thinking, feeling, or doing 【近】 convention, custom, decree, law, regulation, rule 【派】 prescribe v. 开药方；设立规定

ken

【考法1】 n. 视野范围： the range of vision 【例】 abstract words that are beyond the ken of children 那些孩子们不能理解的抽象字词 【近】 sight 【考法2】 vt. 知道、了解（人或物）： to know (a person or thing) 【近】 appreciate, apprehend, cognize, comprehend, grasp, perceive, savvy, understand 【反】 misapprehend, misconceive, misinterpret, misperceive, misunderstand 错误地理解

oath

【考法1】 n. 誓言： a solemn, formal declaration or promise to fulfill a pledge 【例】 an oath to defend the nation 保卫祖国的誓言 【近】 pledge, troth, vow, word

knack

【考法1】 n. 诀窍，聪明的做法： a clever trick or stratagem; a clever way of doing something 【例】 She's tried every knack in Cupid's book to get her guy to marry her. 她试过了所有爱情三十六计，希望那男人娶她 【近】 artifice, device, gambit, ploy, scheme, sleight, stratagem 【反】 foolishness 愚蠢

petition

【考法1】 n. 请愿，正式的申请： a solemn supplication or request to a superior authority; an entreaty 【例】 a petition for divorce 离婚申请书 【近】 appeal, cry, entreaty, pleading, solicitation, supplication 【考法2】 v. （尤指正式地）请求： to make a request, especially a formal written one 【例】 She is petitioning to regain custody of the child. 为了重新获得孩子的监护权，她提出了正式申请 【近】 adjure, beseech, conjure, entreat, impetrate, implore, importune, plead, solicit, supplicate 【派】 petitioner n. 申请人，请愿者

intercessor

【考法1】 n. 调停者： one that mediates 【例】 attend the meeting as the intercessor 作为调停人出席会议 【近】 broker, buffer, conciliator, intermediate, mediator, peacemaker 【反】 flame-fanner 煽风点火的人 【派】 intercession n. 调停，斡旋

obloquy

【考法1】 n. 谩骂，诽谤： abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny 【例】 she unleashed a torrent of obloquy on her opponent 她滔滔不绝地辱骂了对手一顿 【近】 billingsgate, fulmination, invective, scurrility, vitriol, vituperation 【反】 adulation 极度谄媚 【考法2】 n. 恶名，耻辱： the state of having lost the esteem of others 【例】 the accused murderer was condemned to live out his days in perpetual obloquy 凶手终将在骂名中度 过余生 【近】 discredit, disesteem, dishonor, disrepute, ignominy, infamy, odium, opprobrium, reproach, shame 【反】 esteem, honor, respect 敬重，好名声

liability

【考法1】 n. 责任： the quality or state of being liable 【例】 The company is trying to reduce its liability in this case. 在这个案件中，公司试图减少他们的责任 【近】 accountability, answerability, responsibility 【反】 immunity 豁免权 【考法2】 n. 障碍，不利条件： a feature of someone or something that creates difficulty for achieving success 【例】 Their chief asset has now become a considerable liability. 他们最大的优点如今已成了不可小觑的负担 【近】 burden, debit, drawback, handicap, hurdle, incommodity, manacle, saddle, trammel 【反】 advantage, asset, edge, plus 优点，优势

penury

【考法1】 n. 贫穷： extreme dearth; barrenness or insufficiency 【例】 Some have pessimistically regarded the higher education in China as an invisible and irresistible path to penury. 有人悲观地把中国的高等教育看作是一条通往贫穷的通道——无形但不可抗拒 【近】 destitution, impecuniosity, impoverishment, indigence, neediness, poorness, poverty, want 【反】 affluence, opulence, richness, wealth 富裕 【考法2】 n. 吝啬，节俭： extreme and often niggardly frugality 【例】 They bitterly complained about their father's penury. 他们哀怨地抱怨父亲的节俭 【近】 closeness, miserliness, niggardliness, parsimony, penuriousness, stinginess, tightfistedness, tightness 【反】 generosity, largesse, munificence, openhandedness, philanthropy 慷慨的 【派】 penurious adj. 贫穷的；吝啬的

patrician

【考法1】 n. 贵族，名门望族： a man or woman of high birth or social position 【例】 the rank of a patrician 贵族等级 【近】 aristocrat, noble, blue blood 【反】 plebeian 平民，庶民 【考法2】 adj. 贵族的，地位高的： of high birth, rank, or station 【例】 came from a patrician family 出身贵族世家 【近】 aristocratic, genteel, gentle, grand, great, highborn, highbred, upper-class, wellborn 【反】 baseborn, common, humble, ignoble, low, lower-class, mean 地位低下的 patri- + cian 人，象父，家长，教父一样尊贵的人

panegyric

【考法1】 n. 赞颂之词： a eulogistic oration or writing 【例】 wrote a panegyric on the centennial of the Nobel laureate's birth 为诺贝尔获得者百年诞辰纪念日写了一 篇溢美之词 【近】 accolade, citation, commendation, dithyramb, eulogium, eulogy, hymn, paean 【反】 anathema, denunciation, condemnation 诅咒，谴责

partisan

【考法1】 n. 跟随者，信徒： one who follows the opinions or teachings of another 【例】 Partisans of the charismatic leader refuse to tolerate any criticism of him at all. 跟随者们不允许任何 有关他们富有魅力的领导的负面言论 【近】 acolyte, adherent, disciple, pupil, votary 【反】 bellwether, leader 领导者 【考法2】 n. （狂热、坚定的）拥护者，支持者： one who is intensely or excessively devoted to a cause 【例】 a partisan of the revolution who was even willing to give her life for it 一个愿意为了革命献出自己生命的 坚定拥护者 【近】 crusader, fanatic, ideologue, zealot, true believer 【反】 adversary, antagonist, opponent 反对者 【考法3】adj. 偏袒的： inclined to favor one side over another 【例】 a shamelessly partisan news report 一篇无耻的、有倾向性的新闻报道 【近】 biased, one-sided, partial, prejudiced 【反】 disinterested, equitable, evenhanded, fair, impartial, neutral, objective, unbiased, unprejudiced 公平的

inkling

【考法1】 n. 轻微暗示，小提示： a slight indication or suggestion 【例】 They hadn't given us an inkling of what was going to happen. 他们不给我们任何暗示将会发生什么 【近】 clue, cue, hint 【考法2】 n. 略知： a slight knowledge or vague notion 【例】 not have even the faintest inkling of what the project was all about 对这个项目与什么有关毫不知情 【近】 glimmer 【反】 insight 深刻理解

jest

【考法1】 n. 轻浮的态度，戏谑： a frivolous mood or manner 【例】 spoken in jest 戏谑地说 【近】 butt, derision, mockery 【反】 solemnity, solemn utterance 严肃

levity

【考法1】 n. 轻浮： excessive or unseemly frivolity 【例】 The teachers disapprove of any displays of levity during school assemblies. 老师们不允许学生在学校 聚会过程中表现出任何轻浮的态度 【近】 facetiousness, flightiness, flippancy, frivolousness, frothiness, silliness 【反】 earnestness, gravity, seriousness, soberness, solemnity 严肃

misdemeanor

【考法1】 n. 轻罪： a crime less serious than a felony 【例】 charged with several misdemeanors 被指控几项轻罪 【近】 infraction, infringement, offense, peccadillo, violation 【反】 felony 重罪

perimeter

【考法1】 n. 边界，界限： the line or relatively narrow space that marks the outer limit of something 【派】 soldiers guarding the perimeter of the camp 守卫者营地边界的士兵 【近】 borderline, bound, boundary, circumference, confines, edge, frame, fringe, margin, periphery, skirt, verge 【反】 center, core, heart, kernel 核心

prude

【考法1】 n. 过分正经的人：一个过分关心自己是否是或显得得体、谦逊或正确的人： a person who is greatly concerned with seemly behavior and morality especially regarding sexual matters 【例】 the racy sitcom frequently satirizes exactly the sort of prude who would like to see the show taken off the air 【近】 bluenose, moralist, puritan 【反】 immoralist 不道德的人

parsimonious

【考法1】 n. 过度节俭的，吝啬的： frugal to the point of stinginess 【例】 the stereotype of the dour and parsimonious Scotsman 严肃而吝啬的苏格兰人的典型代表 【近】 closefisted, mean, mingy, miserly, niggardly, penurious, stinting, tight, tightfisted, uncharitable, ungenerous 【反】 generous, liberal, munificent 慷慨的；dissolute, extravagant, prodigal, wasteful 浪费的，挥霍的

interregnum

【考法1】 n. 过渡期： break in continuity 【例】 The democratic regime proved to be a short-lived interregnum between dictatorships. 这个民主政权被 证明只不过是两个独裁政权之间的短暂过渡罢了 【近】 breach, break, gap, interim, interruption, interval, interlude, parenthesis 【反】 continuation, continuity 持续【记】 inter + reg- 皇，王，regal 帝王的,regime 政权

plethora

【考法1】 n. 过量，过剩： excess, superfluity 【例】 a plethora of advice and a paucity of assistance 给出大量建议而鲜有实质性援助 【近】 abundance, cornucopia, feast, overabundance, overflow, plentitude, profusion, surfeit, surplus 【反】 dearth, inadequacy, insufficiency, paucity, scarcity, undersupply 缺乏 【派】 plethoric adj. 过量的

movement

【考法1】 n. 运动： the act or process of moving 【例】 There appears to be some movement in the bush. 树丛中似乎有动静 【近】 action, motion, operation, shifting, stir 【反】 motionlessness, stasis 静止

nexus

【考法1】 n. 连结： a means of connection 【例】 Correlativity does not sufficiently lead to causal nexus. 相关性不是因果关联的充分条件 【近】 bond, connection, link, tie 【考法2】 n. 核心，最重要的地带： a thing or place that is of greatest importance to an activity or interest 【例】 As the nexus for three great religions, Jerusalem has had a troubled as well as illustrious history. 作 为三大宗教的圣城，耶路撒冷有着动荡而辉煌的历史 【近】 base, capital, center, core, focus, kernel, heart, hub, nucleus 【反】 margin, periphery 边缘

legacy

【考法1】 n. 遗产： something handed down from an ancestor or a predecessor or from the past 【例】 the legacy of the ancient philosophers 古代哲学家们的思想遗产 【近】 bequest, heritage, patrimony

iniquity

【考法1】 n. 邪恶，不公正： gross immorality or injustice【例】 The use of illegal narcotics is not only a destroyer of personal health but also an iniquity that undermines our society. 非法的毒品不仅仅摧残着个人健康，还是一颗危害社会的毒瘤 【近】 corruption, depravity, debauchery, evil, infamy, sin, unfairness, wickedness 【反】 integrity, rectitude 正直；virtue 美德；disinterestedness 公正

mockery

【考法1】 n. 鄙视，嘲弄： scornfully contemptuous ridicule 【例】 Her deliberate mockery triggered a fierce fight. 她的蓄意嘲弄引起了一场激烈的打斗 【近】 derision, joke, mock, ridicule, scoffing 【反】 respect, reverence, veneration 尊敬 【考法2】 n. 以嘲笑为目的的模仿： a false, derisive, or impudent imitation 【例】 arbitrary methods that make a mockery of justice 嘲讽司法公正的仲裁体系 【近】 burlesque, caricature, farce, parody, sham, travesty 【派】 mock v. 愚弄，嘲弄

quota

【考法1】 n. 配额，限额： a proportional part or share 【例】 The department set new sales quotas in May. 部门设定了五月的销售定额。 【近】 allowance, portion, proportion 【反】 unlimited number 不限数量

quarry

【考法1】 n. 采石场： an open excavation or pit from which stone is obtained by digging, cutting, or blasting 【考法2】 n. 目标，猎物： an object of pursuit 【例】 a hunter relentlessly tracking his quarry 无情捕杀猎物的猎人 【近】 chase 【反】 predator 捕猎者

parenthesis

【考法1】 n. 间断： an interruption of continuity; an interval 【例】 a parenthesis in an otherwise solid marriage 在本该是完满婚姻中的一个插曲 【近】 discontinuity, interim, interlude, intermission, interregnum, interruption, interstice, interval 【反】 continuation, continuity 持续不断；resumption 继续 括号

preservative

【考法1】 n. 防腐剂： an additive used to protect against decay, discoloration, or spoilage 【例】 containing no chemical preservative 不含化学防腐剂 【派】 preserve v. 保存

intrigue

【考法1】 n. 阴谋： a secret plan for accomplishing evil or unlawful ends 【例】 The intrigue was quickly discovered, and the would-be assassins were arrested. 随着阴谋的迅速识破， 未得手的刺客被逮捕了 【近】 conspiracy, design, intrigue, machination, scheme 【考法2】 vt. 激起...的兴趣： to arouse the interest, desire, or curiosity of 【例】 The children are apparently intrigued by the tale. 孩子们很明显被这个传奇故事吸引了 【近】 appeal, attract, enthrall, entice, excite, fascinate, interest, occupy 【反】 ennui, pall 使厌倦 【派】 intriguing adj. 有趣的

platitude

【考法1】 n. 陈词滥调： a trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant 【例】 the platitude of most political oratory 政治说辞里的陈词滥调 【近】 banality, bromide, cliché, commonplace, homily, shibboleth, truism 【考法2】 n. 缺乏原创性： lack of originality 【近】 triteness, staleness 【反】 novelty 新颖性；originality 原创新 【记】 plat 平 + titude 状态，attitude 态度→平淡的态度

recluse

【考法1】 n. 隐士： a person who lives away from others 【例】 He was sick of cities and crowds, so he decided to go live by himself in the woods as a recluse. 他厌倦 了城市和拥挤的人群，因此他决定像隐士一样遁隐山林。 【近】 anchorite, eremite, hermit, isolate, solitary 【考法2】 adj. 隐居的，不爱社交的： marked by withdrawal from society 【例】 a recluse poet who left a large amount of literature legacies 一个留下了大量文学遗产的隐居诗人‖My neihgbor is so recluse that I only see him about once a year. 我的邻居太神秘了，一般我一年只能见他一面。 【近】 cloistered, hermetic, secluded, secluse, seclusive, sequestered 【反】 gregarious, social 好交际的 【派】 reclusive adj. 隐居的

quarantine

【考法1】 n. 隔离： to isolate from normal relations or communication 【例】 The cows will be kept in quarantine for another two weeks. 牛群还需要被隔离观察两周。

mercenary

【考法1】 n. 雇佣军： a professional soldier hired for service in a foreign army 【例】 hire a mercenary army to protect the VIP 雇佣了一支佣兵来保护重要人物 【近】 hack 【考法2】 adj. 唯利是图的，贪婪的： motivated solely by a desire for monetary or material gain 【例】 Virtue flies from the heart of a mercenary man. 唯利是图的人没有美德可言 【近】 acquisitive, avaricious, avid, covetous, grasping, greedy, moneygrubbing, rapacious 【反】 benevolent, generous, liberal, philanthropic, munificent 慷慨的

preoccupation

【考法1】 n. 非常关心，全神贯注： extreme or excessive concern with something 【例】 He kept sinking back into gloomy preoccupation. 他陷入了深深的忧虑之中。 【近】 absorption, engagement, engrossment, immersion 【反】 apathy, indifference, nonchalance, unconcern 漠不关心 【派】 preoccupied adj. 全神贯注的

masquerade

【考法1】 n. 面具，伪装： a display of emotion or behavior that is insincere or intended to deceive 【例】 Although she was deeply bored, she maintained a masquerade of polite interest as her guest droned on. 尽管她早已对客人滔滔不绝的话感到厌倦，但她还是装出了一幅饶有兴致的样子以示礼貌 【近】 facade, guise, mask, pretense, semblance, show, veil 【考法2】 v. 伪装，掩饰： to disguise oneself 【例】 masquerade as a policeman 化装成警察 【近】 act, disguise, pose, pretend 【反】 betray, disclose, reveal, unmask 揭露

pinnacle

【考法1】 n. 顶峰： the highest point of development or achievement 【例】 a singer who has reached the pinnacle of career 已到达事业巅峰的歌手 【近】 acme, apex, climax, culmination, meridian, peak, summit, top, zenith 【反】 bottom, nadir 最低点

pilot

【考法1】 n. 领航员，飞行员： one employed to steer a ship 【例】 a jet pilot 喷气式飞机飞行员 【近】 aviator, bellwether, captain, guide, helmsman, leader, navigator 【考法2】 vt. guide, leader 【例】 The lobbyists piloted the bill through the Senate. 游说集团使法案得到参议院的批准。 【近】 conduct, direct, guide, lead, route, show, steer 【反】 follow 跟随

pigment

【考法1】 n. 颜料： a substance that imparts black or white or a color to other materials 【例】 natural red pigment 天然红色染料 【近】 colorant, dye, stain 【考法2】 vt. 给...上颜色： to color with or as if with pigment 【例】 pigmented silk 染过色的丝绸 【近】 paint, stain, tincture, tinge, tint 【反】 blanch 漂白；decolorize 脱色

potable

【考法1】 n. 饮品，尤指有酒精饮料： a beverage, especially an alcoholic beverage 【例】 Potables are offered at bar counter for free. 饮料可以在吧台免费领取。 【近】 beverage, drink, juice, liquor, spirits 【反】 non-intoxicant, soft drink 软饮料 【考法2】 adj. 适于饮用的： suitable for drinking 【例】 Price of the potable water has soared. 饮用水价格飙升。 【近】 drinkable, edible 【反】 undrinkable 不能饮用的

quack

【考法1】 n. 骗子医生，江湖郎中： a pretender to medical skill 【例】 don't bother to see that guy, as I've heard he's a quack with no actual training 别再找他看病了，我听说他 就是个没有真才实学的江湖郎中 【近】 charlatan, fake, fraud, hoaxer, mountebank, phony 【反】 honest practitioner 诚实从业者

plateau

【考法1】 n. 高原： a usually extensive level land area raised sharply above adjacent land on at least one side 【例】 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原 【近】 highland, mesa, tableland, upland 【反】 lowland 低谷；basin 盆地 【考法2】 n. 稳定时期，平台期： a relatively stable level, period, or state 【例】 reached a plateau of development 达到了发展的稳定期 【近】 equilibrium, stage, stasis

parody

【考法1】 n. （以嘲笑原作作者的）模仿作品： a literary or musical work in which the style of an author or work is closely imitated for comic effect or in ridicule 【例】 The Back Dormitory Boys specialize in parody of Backstreet Boys. 后舍男生擅长恶搞后街男孩。 【近】 burlesque, caricature, spoof, travesty 【考法2】 v. 模仿（以嘲弄）： to copy or exaggerate (someone or something) in order to make fun of 【例】 parodying a public figure's mannerisms 模仿嘲弄一个公共人物的举止 【近】 imitate, mock, mimic

lyric

【考法1】 n. （可以哼唱的）小曲： a short musical composition for the human voice often with instrumental accompaniment 【例】 The guitarist improvised and sang a gentle lyric while playing. 吉他手在弹奏的过程中即兴创作并哼唱 了一首小曲 【近】 ballad, ditty, jingle, vocal 【考法2】 adj. 如诗歌般流畅甜美的： having a pleasantly flowing quality suggestive of poetry or music 【例】 The film's lyric photography really enhanced its romantic mood. 电影中如诗歌般的图像效果着实增强了 浪漫的氛围 【近】 euphonious, lyrical, mellifluous, mellow, melodious, musical, poetical 【反】 prosaic, prose 无聊乏味的 【派】 lyrics n. 歌词

nerve

【考法1】 n. （坚强的）意志，勇气： power of endurance or control; strength of mind to carry on in spite of danger 【例】 nerves of steel 钢铁般的意志 【近】 bravery, fortitude, guts, intrepidity, resolution, stamina 【反】 cowardice, pusillanimity 怯懦 【考法2】 vt. 给予勇气，鼓励： to give strength or courage to 【例】 needs to nerve himself for the big game tomorrow 需要为明天的大赛给自己加油鼓劲 【近】 animate, brace, cheer, embolden, encourage, inspirit, steel, strengthen 【反】 appall 使胆寒；discourage, dishearten 使沮丧 【派】 nervy adj. 有勇气的

rant

【考法1】 n. （尤指长时间的）训斥，责骂： a long angry speech or scolding 【例】 After complaining about the hotel's lousy service, the woman went off on another rant about the condition of her room. 在抱怨完旅店差劲的服务之后，她继续对房间的条件开骂。 【近】 castigation, diatribe, harangue, lambasting, philippic, reprimand, reproach, vituperation 【反】 encomium, eulogy, panegyric, rhapsody, tribute 赞美之词 【考法2】 vi. 怒吼： to speak or write in a noisy, angry or violent manner 【例】 The old expert ranted that nobody paid any attention to his opinion. 老专家怒气冲冲的叫嚷说没人听他的观点。 【近】 bluster, fulminate, huff, rave, roar, spout 【反】 grumble, murmur, mutter 低声抱怨嚷他→大声责骂，咆哮；run it 他让我运行程序，游戏，我就不，结果他咆哮道

pastiche

【考法1】 n. （带嘲讽的）模仿： a literary, artistic, musical, or architectural work that imitates the style of previous work, often with satirical intent 【例】 a pastiche of Botticelli's Birth of Venus 波提且利画作《维纳斯的诞生》的仿品 【近】 burlesque, caricature, imitation, parody, spoof, travesty 【反】 original work 原作 【考法2】 n. 大杂烩： a pasticcio of incongruous parts; a hodgepodge 【例】 a pastiche of dishes from many countries 来自众多国家的饮食杂烩 【近】 agglomerate, collage, hodgepodge, jumble, jungle, medley, montage, motley, salad, variety, welter

paroxysm

【考法1】 n. （感情、动作的）突发：a sudden outburst of emotion or action 【例】a paroxysm of coughing 突然一阵咳嗽 【近】burst, ebullition, eruption, explosion, flare, flash, flush, gush, outburst, storm 【考法2】 n. （政治、社会领域的）大动荡：a violent disturbance (as of the political or social order) 【例】 Darwin's introduction of the theory of evolution created paroxysms in both religion and science that are still being felt today. 达尔文提出的进化论给宗教界和科学界都带来了巨大的冲击，时至今日我们仍然可以感觉到 【近】bouleversement, cataclysm, earthquake, hurricane, storm, tempest, tumult, upheaval, uproar

indemnity

【考法1】 n. （损害、伤害等的）保险补偿： compensation for damage, loss, or injury suffered 【例】 The widow now lives on a pension and an indemnity from her late husband's company. 这个寡妇如今依靠社保和前夫公司的保险赔偿过日 【近】 compensation, indemnification, quittance, recompense, redress, remuneration, reparation, requital

peroration

【考法1】 n. （演讲的）结束语： the concluding part of a discourse and especially an oration 【例】 He summarized his main points in his peroration. 他在结束语中总结了自己的主要观点 【近】 coda, conclusion, denouement, epilogue, finale 【反】 foreword, prelude, preface, prologue, overture 前言，序曲 【考法2】 n.（正式的）演讲，致辞： a usually formal discourse delivered to an audience 【例】 a peroration celebrating the nation's long tradition of religious tolerance and pluralism 为庆祝该国长期 以来对于宗教的容忍态度和宗教多元化所做的一个演讲 【近】 address, declamation, harangue, oration, speech, talk

latitude

【考法1】 n. （行动或言论）自由： freedom from normal restraints, limitations, or regulations 【例】 Students are allowed considerable latitude in choosing courses. 学生在选课时被给予相当大的自由度 【近】 authorization, license, freedom, leeway, free hand 【反】 limitation 限制；custody 监护，拘留

oration

【考法1】 n. （颇有野心、自高自大的）演说： a speech delivered in a high-flown or pompous manner 【近】 address, declamation, harangue, peroration peroration n. the concluding part of a discourse and especially an oration

rage

【考法1】 n./v. 暴怒： violent and uncontrolled anger 【例】 Her rages rarely last more than a few minutes. 她的暴躁来得快去得也快。 【近】 agitation, deliriousness, delirium, distraction, furor, hysteria, rampage

pleat

【考法1】 n./vt. 打褶： fold 【近】 corrugate, crease, furrow, ruffle, wrinkle 【反】 flatten, smooth 抹平 plait: n. braid

libertine

【考法1】 n.one who acts without moral restraint; a dissolute person 【例】 The legend of Don Juan depicts him as a playboy and libertine. 有关唐璜的传说把他描绘成一个放荡不羁的花花公子 【近】 backslider, debaucher, decadent, deviate, pervert, profligate 【反】 ascetic 禁欲者

incursion

【考法1】 n.入侵： a hostile entrance into a territory 【例】 homes damaged by the incursion of floodwater 被洪水入侵破坏的房屋 【近】 foray, inroad, invasion, irruption, raid 【反】 retreat, withdrawal 撤退

mar

【考法1】 n.污点，坏点： something that spoils the appearance or completeness of a thing 【例】 mars on the furniture 家具上的污点 【近】 blight, blotch, defect, deformity, disfigurement, fault, flaw, imperfection, mark, pockmark, scar 【考法2】 vt. 破坏，削弱： to impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of; spoil 【例】 The once flatroad surface is now marred by numerous potholes. 曾经平整的路面如今被坑洞所破坏‖an election marred by sexual scandal 被性丑闻蒙上阴影的选举 【近】 blemish, compromise, cripple, damage, deface, disfigure, harm, hurt, impair, injure, spoil, vitiate 【反】 doctor, fix, mend, patch, renovate, repair 修补；adorn, beautify, bedeck, embellish, garnish 装饰

mesh

【考法1】 v. to catch or hold as if in a net 【例】 Dolphins sometimes become meshed in fishnets. 有时海豚也会被渔网缠住 【近】 enmesh, ensnare, ensnarl, entoil, entrap, net, snare, tangle, trap 【反】 disentangle, untangle 解开，使解脱

instill

【考法1】 v. to cause to enter drop by drop 【例】 instill medication into the infected eye 【近】 inject 【反】 extract 抽取 【考法2】 v. 灌输： to impart gradually 【例】 instill a sense of responsibility to the young 【近】 breed, enroot, implant, inculcate, infix, infuse, ingrain, plant, sow 【反】 remove 移除 【派】 instillation n.

primp

【考法1】 v. to dress, adorn, or arrange in a careful or finicky manner 【例】 She primps for hours before a date. 她出门约会前要花数小时打扮。 【近】 preen, dress up

proselytize

【考法1】 v. to persuade to change to one's religious faith 【例】 The efforts of early missionaries to proselytize the Native Americans of Minnesota were largely unproductive. 早期传教士对于明尼苏达的土著人的改变信仰的努力大多无功而返。 【近】 convert

profane

【考法1】 v. to treat (something sacred) with abuse, irreverence, or contempt 【例】 invading troops profaned the altar by playing poker on it 侵略军亵渎了祭坛，竟然在上面打扑克 【近】 defile, violate 【派】 profaned 被亵渎的 【反】 unviolated, inviolable 未被亵渎的，不可亵渎的 【考法2】 v. to put to a bad or improper use 【例】 profaned his considerable acting talents by appearing in some wretched movies 在一些烂俗的电影里 面出现简直就是浪费表演才华 【近】 abuse, misemploy, misuse, pervert, prostitute

petrify

【考法1】 v. 使僵化，失去活力： to cause to become stiff or stone-like; deaden 【例】 Pressure from family has petrified his once innovative mind. 家庭的压力使他的头脑失去了往日的创造力 【近】 damp, dampen, deaden, devitalize, enervate, lobotomize, ossify 【反】 brace, energize, enliven, invigorate, quicken, stimulate, vitalize, vivify 使有活力 【派】 petrification n. 石化，僵化

maculate

【考法1】 v. 使有斑点，弄脏： to spot, blemish 【例】 Her reputation was maculated after the affair with a married man. 自从被指与一个已婚男士有染之后， 她的名声受到了影响 【近】 besmirch, dot, dirty,soil, spot,stain 【反】 clean, cleanse, purify, wash 清洗，弄干净 【派】 maculated adj. 有斑点的

list

【考法1】 v. 倾斜： to set or cause to be at an angle 【例】 The sudden lift of the load on the deck listed the ship badly. 甲板上货物被突然提起，船陡然倾斜 【近】 angle, cant, heel, incline, pitch, slant, slope, tilt, tip 【反】 erect 竖立

pilfer

【考法1】 v. 偷窃： to steal stealthily in small amounts 【例】 pilfer the commercial document 偷窃商业文件 【近】 appropriate, filch, hook, lift, pinch, purloin, steal, thieve, pelf: n. money

pry

【考法1】 v. 刺探： to look or inquire closely, curiously, or impertinently 【例】 don't go prying into other people's business 别去打探别人的事 【近】 interlope, intermeddle, intrude, nose, obtrude, snoop记】 prize (奖金，撬开)的变体；spy 特工

nitpick

【考法1】 v. 吹毛求疵： to criticize by nit-picking 【例】 a peevish critic always ready to quibble 一个总是吹毛求疵的古怪评论家 【近】 carp, cavil, fuss, niggle, quibble, pick nits 【派】 nitpicker n. 吹毛求疵的人

palliate

【考法1】 v. 平息，减轻： to make less severe or intense; mitigate 【例】 palliative drug 缓解剂 【近】 allay, alleviate, assuage, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 【反】 aggravate, exacerbate, worsen, increase intensity 加剧，恶化

ream

【考法1】 v. 怒斥，训斥：to criticize (someone) severely or angrily especially for personal failings 【例】 You are so going to get reamed out when the boss learns that you wrecked the company car. 要是老板知道你把公司的车弄坏了，你肯定会挨骂的。 【近】 baste, berate, castigate, chastise, hammer, lambaste, rail, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, upbraid 【反】 accredit, applaud, commend, eulogize, extol, laud, praise 表扬，赞扬

perforate

【考法1】 v. 打孔，穿透： to make a hole through 【例】 to perforate with a pin 用针穿孔 【近】 bore, drill, hole, pierce, punch, puncture, riddle

mash

【考法1】 v. 捣碎： to cause to become a pulpy mass 【例】 mash potatoesbefore adding it to the mixture 在混合之前捣碎土豆 【近】 crush, grind, smash, squeeze 【反】 agglomerate 聚集成团

reap

【考法1】 v. 收割，收获： to collect (a crop or natural resource) or to receive as return for effort 【例】 As you sow, so shall you reap. 唯有付出，才有回报。‖She reaped large profits from her patents. 她 的专利给她带来了丰厚的回报。 【近】 acquire, attain, capture, harvest, gain, garner, obtain, procure, secure 【反】 plant, seed, sow 种植，播种；forfeit, lose 丧失，没收 【派】 reaper n. 收割机；死神

pertain

【考法1】 v. 有关联： to have a relation or connection; relate 【例】 new evidence that pertains to the accident 与事故相关的新证据 【近】 appertain, bear, concern, refer, relate 【派】 pertaining adj. 有关系的

mime

【考法1】 v. 模仿： to use (someone or something) as the model for one's speech, mannerisms, or behavior; a performance done without speaking 【例】 miming a dog begging for food 模仿小狗乞食 【近】 ape, copy, copycat, emulate, mimic, simulate

inflame

【考法1】 v. 点燃： to set on fire 【例】 A carelessly tossed cigarette inflamed the papers in the trash can. 一只被随意丢弃的香烟点燃了垃圾 桶中的纸 【近】 enflame, enkindle, fire, ignite, kindle, light, torch 【反】 douse, extinguish, quench, put out 熄灭，扑灭 【考法2】v. 使加剧：to make more violent 【例】 Retaliation served only to inflame the feud. 冤冤相报何时了 【近】 aggravate, enrage, exacerbate, intensify, ire, irritate, provoke, rile, vex 【反】 assuage, mitigate, mollify, pacify, placate, subdue 平息

outwit

【考法1】 v. 瞒骗，以智取胜： to surpass in cleverness or cunning; outsmart 【例】 a plan to outwit their opponents at their own game 在擅长的领域智取对手的计划 【近】 outfox, outmaneuver, outslick, outsmart, outthink

plummet

【考法1】 v. 突然下降： to decline suddenly and steeply 【例】 Overall GPA plummeted 0.5 points. 平均学分绩骤降0.5。 【近】 crash, decline, descend, dip, dive, fall, plunge, sink, tumble 【反】 skyrocket, soar 飙升

propagate

【考法1】 v. 繁殖： to cause to continue or increase by sexual or asexual reproduction 【例】 the dams along the river are interfering with the salmon's ability to propagate 河上的大坝影响了大马哈 鱼的繁殖 【近】 breed, multiply, reproduce 【反】 fail to multiply 根除，繁殖失败 【考法2】 vt. 传播，宣传： to cause to spread out and affect a greater number or greater area: extend 【例】 the various ways in which churches can propagate the faith 不同的宣传教义的方法 【近】 broadcast, circulate, disseminate 【反】 check 阻止

peruse

【考法1】 v. 细读： to read or examine, typically with great care 【例】 perused the manuscript to check for grammatical errors 细读手稿以检查语法错误 【近】 examine, scrutinize 【反】 glance, glimpse, scan, skim 一瞥，迅速浏览

manumit

【考法1】 v. 解放（奴隶）： to release from slavery or bondage 【例】 Though he was an outspoken defender of liberty, this son of Virginia did not manumit his own slaves until he was on his deathbed. 尽管这位维吉尼亚之子公开地支持自由，但他直到临死才释放自己的奴隶 【近】 free, emancipate, enfranchise, liberate, loose, release, unbind, unchain, unshackle 【反】 detain 拘留；enchain, enfetter, enslave 奴役

mumble

【考法1】 v. 说话含糊： to utter words in a low confused indistinct manner 【例】 He mumbled an apology reluctantly. 他不情愿地咕哝了句抱歉 【近】 grunt, murmur, mutter, whisper 【反】 articulate, enunciate 清楚地表达

impugn

【考法1】 v. 责难，攻击抨击： to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument 【例】 impugn a political opponent's character 就政治对手的人品发难 【近】 attack, assail, contradict, contravene, cross, disaffirm, deny, gainsay, negate, negative, traverse 【反】 advocate, back, support, uphold 支持；authenticate 证实，证明

lurch

【考法1】 v. 蹒跚： to move forward while swaying from side to side 【例】 The ship lurched in the storm. 船在风暴中摇摆前行 【近】 careen, dodder, falter, reel, stagger, stumble, teeter, totter, waddle 【反】 progress smoothly 平稳前进；march, stride, swagger 游行，大步走记】 lunch 午餐吃多了，喝多了就这样

paraphrase

【考法1】 v. 转述，意译，改写： to express something (as a text or statement) in different words 【例】 Could you please paraphrase your diagnosis of my health condition, using simpler language? 您能否 用更通俗的话语转述一下您对我健康状况的诊断呢 【近】 rephrase, restate, reword, translate 【反】 quote （不加以修改地）引用

reconvene

【考法1】 v. 重新集合，重新召集：to gather, call together, or summon again, especially for a formal meeting 【例】 The leaders will reconvene tomorrow. 明天领导们会再次召开会议。 【近】 reassemble 【反】 adjourn, suspend 休会 【记】 源于：convene（v.召集），con 共同，vene＝vent 来

nauseate

【考法1】 v. （使）厌恶，（使）作呕： to feel or cause to feel loathing or disgust 【例】 The malodor of the rotten meat made us nauseate. 腐肉的恶臭让我们恶心 【近】 disgust, repel, repulse, revolt, sicken 【反】 delight 使愉悦 【派】 nausea n. 恶心反胃

mutate

【考法1】 v. （使）改变，（使）变异： to undergo or cause to undergo mutation 【例】 Some chromosomes started to mutate after exposure to X-Ray. 经X 光照射之后部分染色体发生了变异 【近】 alter, change, fluctuate, modify, shift, transfigure, transform, vary 【反】 remain 保持不变；plateau, stabilize 使稳定 【派】 mutation n. 改变；变异

pan

【考法1】 v./n. 严厉批评： a harsh criticism 【例】 almost all the movie critics have panned this latest sequel in a tired series 几乎所有的影评家都批评 这部最新续集，认为是狗尾续貂 【近】 blame, censure, condemn, denounce, dispraise, reprehend 【反】 eulogize, extol, rave, laud, praise 称赞

probe

【考法1】 v./n. 深入调查： a penetrating or critical investigation 【例】 probe into his background 深入调查他的背景 【近】 delving, disquisition, exploration, inquisition

proffer

【考法1】 v./n. 献出，提供： to offer for acceptance; tender 【例】 proffered her assistance in helping the two sides reach a compromise 她在斡旋双方达成妥协过程中 尽了力 【近】 extend, give, proffer, tender, trot out 【反】 retain, withhold 保留

purvey

【考法1】 v.（大量）供给，供应： to supply (food, for example); furnish. 【例】 a little shop purveying handmade merchandise 出售手工商品的小店【记】 源自provide；survey调查，调查供给,派人来survey purvey

proliferate

【考法1】 vi. to grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells, or offspring 【例】 rumors about the accident proliferated on the Internet 关于事故的小道消息在网上迅速扩散 【近】 balloon, boom, build up, escalate, expand, mushroom, snowball 【反】 decrease in amount, dwindle, contract, decrease, diminish, dwindle, lessen, recede, wane 数量减少，缩 小

protrude

【考法1】 vi. to jut out; project; bulge 【例】 a handkerchief protruding from his breast pocket 手帕从他的上衣口袋里突出出来 【近】 bulge, overhang, poke, project, stand out, stick out 【反】 concave 凹陷

lurk

【考法1】 vi. to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose 【例】 Dangers lurk in the path of wilderness. 在这条荒野的小路上隐伏着危险 【近】 ambush, snake, steal 【反】 appear, come out 出来音：猎客，打猎的人，总是埋伏着不动以射杀猎物；lure引诱 + 音：客，客人(住饭店时)被引诱实际上有埋伏，要不有个针孔像机，要不就假扮警察勒索

procrastinate

【考法1】 vi. to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness 【例】 She procrastinated and missed the submission deadline. 她一直拖拖拉拉，导致错过了截止日期。

pore

【考法1】 vi. to read or study attentively(usually used with over) 【例】 The committee will probably pore over the results of the study for a long time before making their decision. 在正式做决定之前，委员会或需要花很长的时间来仔细研究调查结果。 【近】 cogitate, consider, contemplate, deliberate, meditate, perpend, ruminate, study, weigh, chew over 【反】 flip, glance, leaf, riffle, skim 粗略地看，迅速浏览

prate

【考法1】 vi. to talk long and idly 【例】 They have been prating on the phone for hours. 他们已经煲了几个小时的电话粥了。 【近】 babble, chat, chatter, converse, gabble, jabber, prattle, twitter 【派】 prater n. 闲聊的人【记】 音：攀谈；blat (小牛或小羊)叫, 喋喋不休，不加思索说出

premeditate

【考法1】 vi. to think, consider, or deliberate beforehand 【例】 carefully premeditating each step of his plan 细致谋略他计划的每一步 【近】 deliberate, prearrange, prepare, preplan 【反】 disregard, ignore, neglect, omit, overlook 忽视 【派】 premeditation n. 谋略，事先考虑

leer

【考法1】 vi. 一瞥，斜眼看： to cast a sidelong glance 【例】 He gave her a leering look. 他瞥了她一眼 【近】 squint 【反】 gape, gaze, glare, goggle, stare 盯着看

preach

【考法1】 vi. 传道，布道： to deliver a sermon 【例】 a minister who loves to preach 一个爱布道的牧师 【近】 discourse, sermonize 【派】 preacher n. 布道者

mutter

【考法1】 vi. 低声抱怨： to murmur complainingly or angrily 【例】 mutter about the difficult assignment 抱怨作业太难 【近】 carp, fuss, gripe, grizzle, grouch, grouse, grumble, moan, murmur, repine, whine 【反】 crow, delight, rejoice 欢呼，高兴

mingle

【考法1】 vi. 参加社交活动： to take part in social activities 【例】 mingling at a cocktail party 在鸡尾酒会上与他人交往 【近】 associate, fraternize, socialize 【考法2】 vt. 混合，结合： to mix so that the components become united 【例】 mingle the ingredients 将调料混合‖mingle fact and fiction 糅杂了现实与幻想 【近】 mix, amalgamate, blend, commingle, immingle, intermix, merge 【反】 divide, separate, sunder 分开 mangle: v. to injure with deep disfiguring wounds by cutting, tearing, or crushing

languish

【考法1】 vi. 变得衰弱： to be or become feeble, weak, or enervated 【例】 languishing during the prolonged heat wave 在持续的热浪下变得虚弱 【近】 decay, droop, emaciate, fade, fail, flag, sag, wither 【反】 burgeon, flourish, thrive, prosper 旺盛生长

quibble

【考法1】 vi. 吹毛求疵： to find fault or criticize for petty reasons; cavil 【例】 she spent the entire evening quibbling about the historical inaccuracies in the television series on World War II 她一整晚都在对那个关于二战的电视剧里的历史错误吹毛求疵 【近】 carp, cavil, fuss, niggle, nitpick 【考法2】 n. 牵强之词：微不足道的差别或不切中要点的异议，小反对： a minor objection or criticism 【例】 My only quibble about the trip was that it rained a lot. 我对旅行唯一的小不满就是下雨有点多。question + ble；拉丁语或法语中以qu开头的，如qui,que 表示疑问 + ble 指不停用疑问，对小地方吹毛求疵来逃避问题的实质

recidivate

【考法1】 vi. 回到原先的习惯，尤指重新犯罪： to return to a previous pattern of behavior, especially to return to criminal habits 【例】 The suspect has recidivated for several times. 这个嫌犯是个惯犯了 【近】 regress, relapse, retrogress, revert 【近】 habilitate, reclaim, redeem, regenerate, rehabilitate 洗心革面 【派】 recidivism n. 再犯，重犯；recidivist n. 再次犯罪的人

persevere

【考法1】 vi. 坚持不懈，不屈不挠： to persist in or remain constant to a purpose, idea, or task in the face of obstacles or discouragement 【例】 Although he was frustrated by the lack of financial resources and support, he persevered in his scientific research. 尽管因为资金不足而受阻，但他仍坚持进行科学研究 【近】 carry on, endure, persist 【反】 renounce, succumb, surrender, yield 放弃，屈服 【派】 perseverance n. 坚持不懈 per- through + severe 严重的，严峻的，通过了严峻(的考验)→坚忍<br/>

pall

【考法1】 vi. 失去兴趣： to lose in interest or attraction; to lose strength or effectiveness 【例】 His humor began to pall on us. 他的幽默开始使我们生腻了。 【反】 interest, intrigue 激发兴趣

meddle

【考法1】 vi. 干涉，管闲事： to intrude into other people's affairs or business; interfere 【例】 Please stop meddling in my marriage. 请不要来干涉我的婚姻 【近】 interfere, interlope, intermeddle, intrude, obtrude, poke, pry, snoop 【反】 disregard, ignore, neglect, omit, overlook 忽略，不理会 【派】 meddlesome adj. 爱管闲事的 muddle: motley riddle: hole, pierce waddle: lurch, stagger

reciprocate

【考法1】 vi. 往复运动： to move forward and backward alternately 【例】 According to Marx's economic principle, the average price of a certain product should be reciprocating over its value. 根据马克思的经济学理论，商品的平均价格应该在它的价值周边波动。 【近】 fluctuate, oscillate, sway, swing, vacillate 【考法2】 vt. 报答，回报： to return in kind or degree 【例】 reciprocated the favor by driving their neighbor to the airport 开车送邻居去机场以还人情 【近】 recompense, repay, requite, retaliate, return 【反】 owe 欠（钱、人情等） 【派】 reciprocal adj. 相互之间的，互惠的

rail

【考法1】 vi. 怒骂，猛烈抨击： to revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or abusive language 【例】 We could hear the cook in the kitchen railing against his assistant and wondered if we'd ever get our food. 我们可以听到厨师在厨房怒斥他的助手，由此我们怀疑我们点的菜还能不能做好。 【近】 baste, berate, castigate, chastise, hammer, lambaste, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, upbraid 【反】 accredit, applaud, commend, eulogize, extol, laud, praise 表扬，赞扬 【派】 raillery n. 善意的打闹

recuperate

【考法1】 vi. 恢复（健康或力量），康复： to recover health or strength 【例】 He is gradually recuperating from a serious back injury. 他正渐渐地从严重的背部损伤中恢复过来。 【近】 convalesce, heal, rally, recoup, recover, rehabilitate 【反】 deteriorate, flag, wane, weaken 衰退，变得衰弱；die, expire, perish, pass away 死亡 【派】 recuperative adj. 有助于康复的

jibe

【考法1】 vi. 意见一致： to be in accord: agree 【例】 Your figures jibe with mine. 你的数据与我的一致。 【近】 accord, cohere, conform, correspond, harmonize, tally 【反】 conflict 冲突音：摘吧，摘东西挑与自己一致，同意的挑

reel

【考法1】 vi. 感到眩晕： to be in a confused state as if from being twirled around 【例】 My head reeled with the facts and figures. 我的头脑被这些事实和数据给弄晕了。‖His mind reeled upon hearing the news that his employer had been indicted for fraud. 当他听到雇主因为欺诈而被起诉时，他顿觉天旋地转。 【近】 spin, swirl, turn, whirl 【反】 calm 保持镇定 【考法2】 vi. 蹒跚地走路： to move forward while swaying from side to side 【例】 The drunkard reeled down the alley. 醉汉蹒跚地沿着小巷走去 【近】 careen, dodder, falter, lurch, stagger, stumble, teeter, totter, waddle

oscillate

【考法1】 vi. 振动，摇晃： to swing backward and forward like a pendulum 【反】remain static 静止 【考法2】 v. 犹豫，变化： vary between opposing beliefs, feelings, or theories

prospect

【考法1】 vi. 探查，勘探： to go into or range over for purposes of discovery 【例】 people had arrived in the valley to prospect it for gold 人们来到山谷淘金 【近】 hunt, probe, search, skirr 【考法2】 n. 期待，被期望的某物： the act or state of looking forward to some occurrence 【例】 The prospect of a quiet, restful Sunday ended when our basement flooded. 对一个宁静休闲的周日的 期待被地下室涨水打破了。 【近】 anticipation, contemplation, expectancy【记】 pro前 + spect 看 向前看, 就是寻找,找东西,勘探

pucker

【考法1】 vi. 撅（嘴），使收缩： to become gathered, contracted, and wrinkled 【例】 pucker my lips 撅起嘴

prevaricate

【考法1】 vi. 支吾其词，撒谎： to stray from or evade the truth 【例】 During the hearings the witness did his best to prevaricate. 听证会上证人在竭尽全力地支吾其词。 【近】 equivocate, fabricate, falsify, lie, palter 【派】 prevarication n. 支吾其词

palter

【考法1】 vi. 欺骗： to act insincerely or deceitfully 【例】 unwilling to palter over the price of the house 拒绝对房子漫天要价 【近】 chaffer, deal, dicker, haggle, horse-trade, negotiate, equivocate 【反】 candor 坦率

perish

【考法1】 vi. 死亡，消亡： to become destroyed or ruined: cease to exist 【例】 thrive in calamity and perish in soft living 生于忧患，死于安乐‖adapt or perish 适应或是消亡 【近】 decease, demise, die, end, expire, succumb, pass away 【反】 breathe, live, survive 活着，存活

pine

【考法1】 vi. 渴望，奢望： to yearn intensely and persistently especially for something unattainable 【例】 pine for a lost love 渴望那段逝去的爱情 【近】 ache, crave, dream, hunger, itch, long, lust, repine, thirst, yearn 【反】 abhor, detest, loathe 厌恶，反感 【考法2】 vi. 因渴望而憔悴： to lose vigor, health, or flesh (as through grief) 【例】 Separated by their families, the lovers pined away. 这对恋人因为被家人拆散而日益憔悴。 【近】 decline, dwindle, fade, flag, languish, waste

ramble

【考法1】 vi. 漫步，漫游： to move aimlessly from place to place 【例】 rambling under the starlight 在星光下漫步‖rambling around Beijing for a week 在北京四处漫游一周 【近】 amble, cruise, drift, float, meander, perambulate, roam, saunter, stroll, traipse, wander 【考法2】 vi. 漫谈；长篇大论（并经常离题）地说或写： to talk at length without sticking to a topic or getting to a point 【例】 rambling on about dating, homework, movies, and the local football team 扯了一些关于约会、作业、电影 以及本地橄榄球队的闲谈 【近】 blather, chat, chatter, drivel, maunder, patter, prattle

inveigh

【考法1】 vi. 激烈抗议，表示强烈不满： to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently 【例】 inveighed against the bank industry 对银行业表示强烈不满 【近】 gripe, grouse, object, protest, remonstrate, repine 【反】 support 支持；delight, rejoice 感到高兴 in + way 有人挡路，有人群集体上马路痛骂做坏事的人

parch

【考法1】 vi. 烤干： to make extremely dry, especially by exposure to heat 【例】 parch a surface from exposure to sun 通过太阳照射烤干一个面 【近】 dehydrate, desiccate, dry, scorch, sear 【反】 douse, drench, hydrate, steep, wash, water, wet 弄湿

incinerate

【考法1】 vi. 烧成灰烬： to cause to burn to ashes 【例】 The government is trying to stop farmers incinerating their own waste. 政府开始阻止农民们焚烧垃圾 的行为 【近】 burn, carbonize 【反】 douse, extinguish, quench, put out 扑灭 【派】 incineration n. 焚化

rave

【考法1】 vi. 狂热赞扬： to make an exaggerated display of affection or enthusiasm 【例】 Critics raved about the new play. 新剧得到了评论家们的热烈赞扬。 【近】 drool, effuse, enthuse, fuss, rhapsodize, slobber 【反】 blame, censure, condemn, criticize, denounce, pan, reprehend 批评，指责 【考法2】 vi. （发疯般地）怒吼： to talk irrationally and wildly in or as if in delirium 【例】 a man standing outside the city hall,raving like a lunatic about his tax bill 站在市政大厅外、像疯子一样叫嚷着自己税单的人 【近】 bluster, fulminate, huff, rant, roar, spout 【反】 grumble, murmur, mutter 小声抱怨 Rive: vt. 撕开

prevail

【考法1】 vi. 盛行，战胜： to be greater in strength or influence 【例】 a custom that still prevails 依然盛行的传统 【近】 conquer, dominate, overcome, reign, triumph 【反】 yield 屈服；lose 失败 【派】 prevailing adj. 盛行的

ossify

【考法1】 vi. 硬化，僵化： to become hardened or conventional and opposed to change 【例】 a disease that ossifies the joints 一种会使关节僵化的疾病 【反】 make pliant, transcend conventions, amenable to change 使柔软，超越传统

linger

【考法1】 vi. 磨蹭，闲荡： to proceed slowly; saunter 【例】 fans lingered outside the door 粉丝们在门外徘徊 【近】 crawl, creep, dally, dawdle, lag, loiter 【反】 hurry, run, rush 飞奔 【派】 lingering adj. 闲荡的

plunge

【考法1】 vi. 突然下降： to descend or dip suddenly 【例】 stock's value plunged 股票价值骤然下降 【近】 crash, decline, descend, dip, dive, fall, plummet, plunge, sink, tumble 【反】 skyrocket, soar 飙升 【考法2】 vt. 插入，刺入： to cause to penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly into something 【例】 plunged the dagger into his chest 把匕首刺入他的胸膛 【近】 drive, stab, stick, thrust 【反】 extract 拔出

jolt

【考法1】 vi. 突然移动： to move or dislodge with a sudden, hard blow 【考法2】 v. 惊吓： to cause an unpleasant surprise for 【例】 The sneak terrorist attack jolted the country out of its indolence and indifference. 偷偷摸摸的恐怖分子 将该国从懒惰和冷漠无情中惊醒 【近】 appall, floor, shake up bolt: v. to move suddenly or nervously; to move or proceed rapidly occult： v. to shut off from view or exposure, super natural powers or practices

quail

【考法1】 vi. 胆怯，畏缩： to shrink back in fear; cower n. 鹌鹑 【例】 She quailed at the thought of seeing him again. 她想到还要再见他就害怕。 【近】 blench, cringe, recoil, shrink, wince 【反】 become resolute, give bold 变得坚决、大胆

molt

【考法1】 vi. 脱（羽、皮等）： to shed hair, feathers, shell, horns, or an outer layer periodically 【例】 Snakes molt as they grow, shedding the old skin and growing a larger new skin. 随着年龄的增长，蛇会脱去老皮，长出新皮 【近】 exfoliate, exuviate, shed 【反】 fledge 长羽毛【记】 音：毛脱；音：模特，模特总是不停地换衣服

recoil

【考法1】 vi. 退却，畏缩： to shrink back, as under pressure or in fear or repugnance 【例】 recoil from the snake 因为害怕蛇而畏缩不前‖She recoiled from his touch. 她因害怕与他接触而退缩 【近】 blench, cringe, flinch,quail, shrink, squinch, wince 【反】 confront, meet 面对

meander

【考法1】 vi. 闲逛，漫步： to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction 【例】 meander along the river 沿着河闲逛‖vagabonds meandering through life 漂泊一生的浪子 【近】 amble, cruise, drift, float, ramble, roam, saunter,stroll, wander

pout

【考法1】 vi. （特别是撅嘴）表示不悦： to show displeasure, especially by thrusting out the lips or wearing a sullen expression 【例】 She pouted and didn't say a word to anyone all morning. 她整个早上都闷闷不乐，没和别人说一句话。 【近】 grump, mope, sulk 【反】 grin 露齿而笑

jot

【考法1】 vt .简要记录： to write briefly or hurriedly 【例】 jot down an address 简要地记下地址 【近】 log, mark, put down, register, report, set down, take down, write down

obviate

【考法1】 vt. to anticipate and prevent (as a situation) or make unnecessary (as an action) 避免 【例】 The new treatment obviates the need for surgery. 新的疗法使手术不再是必须的。 【近】 avert, forestall, preclude, stave off, head off

prolong

【考法1】 vt. to lengthen in extent, scope, or range 【例】 Additives are used to prolong the shelf life of packaged food. 添加剂被用来延长包装食品的保存期限。 【近】 elongate, lengthen, outstretch, protract, stretch, drag (out), draw out 【反】 abbreviate, abridge, curtail, cut, cut back, shorten , truncate 截短

potentiate

【考法1】 vt. to make effective or active, or more effective or more active 【例】 additives to potentiate the drug 增强药效的添加剂 【近】 activate, energize, enhance, intensify, stir, wake, vitalize 【反】 deactivate 使无效；abate, attenuate, dwindle, lessen, moderate, reduce 减弱，削弱

lambaste

【考法1】 vt. 严厉斥责： to scold sharply; berate 【例】 Critics lambasted his performance. 评论家严厉斥责了他的表演 【近】 assail, baste, belabor, berate, castigate, excoriate, reprimand, reproach, scathe, slam, upbraid, vituperate 【反】 carol, extol, glorify, hymn, laud, magnify, praise 表扬,赞美 lamb + beast 野兽对待小羊羔就是边打边骂

neutralize

【考法1】 vt. 中和： to cause (an acid or base) to undergo neutralization 【例】 industrial exhaust neutralized by lime 被石灰中和的工业废气 【反】 acidify 酸化 【考法2】 vt. 破坏，使无效： to make inoperative or ineffective usually by means of an opposite force, influence, or effect 【例】 influenced by the kind of propaganda that is difficult to neutralize 被一种难以消除的宣传攻势所影响 【近】 annul, cancel, counteract, frustrate, negate, nullify 【反】 activate, vitalize 激活 【派】 neutralization n. 中和；消除

outmaneuver

【考法1】 vt. 以策略取胜： to overcome (an opponent) by artful, clever maneuvering 【例】 outmaneuvered his congressional opponent 以计谋战胜了国会的对手 【近】 outfox, outslick, outsmart, outthink, outwit 【反】 yield 屈服 manure n. material that fertilizes land

instate

【考法1】 vt. 任命： to set or establish in a rank or office 【例】 The new Secretary of the Treasury was instated on Monday. 新的财政部长于星期一被任命 【近】 appoint, designate, inaugurate, induct, install, nominate 【反】 dismiss, oust 罢免

inure

【考法1】 vt. 使习惯接受不好的东西： to accustom to accept something undesirable 【例】 children inured to violence 习惯了暴力的孩子们 【近】 accustom, familiarize, habituate 【派】 inured adj. 习惯的 【考法2】 vt. 使坚强： to make able to withstand physical hardship, strain, or exposure 【例】 The hardship of army training inured her to the rigors of desert warfare. 军营里的艰苦训练把她打造成了能适应沙漠艰苦战事的女兵 【近】 fortify, indurate, season, steel, strengthen, toughen 【反】 enfeeble, soften, weaken, undermine 弱化，使虚弱

reconcile

【考法1】 vt. 使和解，协调： to restore to friendship or harmony 【例】 Historians have never been able to reconcile the two eyewitness accounts of the battle. 历史学家们 一直以来都无法协调这场战役两种记载之间的矛盾。 【近】 accommodate, attune, conciliate, conform, coordinate, harmonize, key 【反】 disharmonize 使不和谐；estrange 离间 【派】 reconciliation n. 协调

obfuscate

【考法1】 vt. 使困惑，使模糊： to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understand 【例】 obfuscate the reader 让读者困惑 【近】 becloud, befog, blur, cloud, fog, muddy 【反】 demystify, elucidate, illuminate, clarify, explain clearly 澄清，阐明 【派】 obfuscated 模糊的 【反】 lucid 清晰的

reassure

【考法1】 vt. 使安心，打消疑虑： to restore to confidence 【例】 I tried to reassure her that the dog would come back home by nightfall. 我尽力让她安心，说夜幕降临之 前小狗一定会回家的。 【近】 assure, cheer, console, solace, soothe 【反】 distress, torment, torture, trouble 使忧虑，折磨 【派】 reassurance n. 消除疑虑

inaugurate

【考法1】 vt. 使就职： to induct into an office by a formal ceremony 【例】 A new leader will be inaugurated soon. 新的领导即将就职 【近】 induct, initiate, install, instate, invest, seat 【反】 abdicate, resign 辞职，退位 【考法2】 vt. 开始： to cause to begin, especially officially or formally 【例】 inaugurate a new immigration policy 实施新的移民政策 【近】 begin, commence, establish, institute, introduce, launch, open, plant, start 【反】 cease, close, end, terminate 结束 【派】 inauguration n. 就职，开始in + augur- 占卜, 预言

pacify

【考法1】 vt. 使平静，安慰： to ease the anger or agitation of 【例】 pacify a crying child 安抚一个哭泣的孩子 【近】 appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate 【反】 incite, rankle, tantrum, vex, discompose, truculent 煽动激起

miff

【考法1】 vt. 使恼怒： to cause to become offended or annoyed 【例】 be miffed by her son's disobedience 被她儿子的叛逆惹恼 【近】 aggravate, annoy, enrage, exasperate, incense, infuriate, ire, madden, nettle, peeve, umbrage, vex 【反】 appease, assuage, mollify, placate, propitiate 平息，安抚；delight, gratify, please 取悦，讨好

pique

【考法1】 vt. 使愤怒： to arouse anger or resentment in 【例】 She was greatly piqued when they refused her invitation. 他们拒绝她的邀请让她很生气。 【近】 aggravate, annoy, exasperate, infuriate, irritate, peeve, provoke, rile, roil, ruffle, vex 【反】 delight, gratify, rejoice 使高兴 【考法2】 vt. 激起，刺激： to excite or arouse especially by a provocation, challenge, or rebuff 【例】 radical remarks that pique their curiosity 引起他们兴趣的激进评论 【近】 arouse, encourage, excite, fire, impassion, incite, instigate, move, stimulate, stir 【反】 allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 平息，缓和

rarefy

【考法1】 vt. 使稀薄： to make rare, thin, porous, or less dense: to expand without the addition of matter 【例】 rarefy the air 使空气变得稀薄 【近】 attenuate, dilute, thin 【反】 concentrate, condense 使稠密，浓缩 【派】 rarefaction n. 稀薄，稀疏

insulate

【考法1】 vt. 使绝缘，使隔离： to place in a detached situation 【例】 greenhouse gas that insulates ground infrared radiation 能阻碍地表红外辐射的温室气体 【近】 block, insolate, quarantine, seclude, segregate, separate, sequester 【反】 connect, link, unite 连结；integrate 使成一体 【派】 insulation n. 隔绝，绝热

moderate

【考法1】 vt. 使缓和： to lessen the intensity or extremeness of 【例】 Sopranos and tenors moderates their voices to fit the size of the theater. 女高音和男高音们根据剧场的 大小调节他们的声音以创造合适的效果 【近】 abate, diminish, dwindle, ease, lessen, lower, modulate, subside, taper, temper, wane 【反】 escalate, enhance, expand, heighten, intensify 扩大，升级，增强 【考法2】 adj. 适度的，中庸的： being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme 【例】 The new proposals regarding defense budget were met with only moderate enthusiasm. 关于国防预 算的新提案只得到了平淡的回应 【近】 average, conservative, fair, intermediate, mediocre, modest, reasonable, temperate 【反】 exorbitant, excessive 过分的；extreme, radical 极端的 【派】 immoderate adj. 不适度的

infatuate

【考法1】 vt. 使迷恋： to inspire with unreasoning love or attachment 【例】 a naïve girl infatuated by cajolery 被甜言蜜语冲昏头脑的天真女孩 【近】 allure, captivate, bewitch, enchant, fascinate 【反】 disgust 使反感 【派】 infatuation n. 迷恋

ravish

【考法1】 vt. 使陶醉，使沉迷： to overcome with emotion (as wonder or delight) 【例】 I was completely ravished by those marvelous pictures taken by HST. 那些哈勃太空望远镜拍摄的壮观图片让我彻底的陶醉了。 【近】 captivate, enchant, enrapture, enthrall, rapture, transport 【反】 disenchant, sober 使清醒 【派】 ravishing adj. 极美丽的

lacerate

【考法1】 vt. 使非常痛苦： to cause deep emotional pain to; distress 【例】 He was born into a family already lacerated with tensions and divisions. 他出生在一个已经被冲突和分 裂折磨不堪的家庭当中 【近】 afflict, distress, harrow, hurt, rend, torment, torture, wound 【反】 allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 减轻（痛苦等） 音：勒撕，裂撕 + ate 动词

reconnoiter

【考法1】 vt. 侦察，勘查： to make a preliminary inspection of, especially in order to gather military information 【例】 The wide utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles makes it much less risky to reconnoiter a certain area.无人飞行器的广泛运用大大减少了军事侦察的风险 【近】 probe,scout, survey 【派】 reconnaissance n. 侦察

prod

【考法1】 vt. 促使......行动： to try to persuade (someone) through earnest appeals to follow a course of action 【例】 The strike may prod the government into action. 罢工也许会迫使政府采取行动。 【近】 encourage, exhort, goad, nudge, prompt, spur, egg on 【反】 rein 抑制

react

【考法1】 vt. 做出反应： to act or behave in response (as to a stimulus or influence) 【例】 didn't know how to react to the cheers of the crowd 不知如何对人群的欢呼声做出回应 【近】 answer, reply, respond 【派】 reaction n. 反应；reactant n. （化学反应当中的）反应物

purloin

【考法1】 vt. 偷窃： to steal, often in a violation of trust 【例】 fearing that someone might attempt to purloin a copy of the script for the show's season finale 害怕该 剧的完季那集剧本被盗 【近】 appropriate, filch, pilfer, snitch, thieve记】 pur 音：破 + loan 贷款，贷款破产了，还不起，所以偷窃

oust

【考法1】 vt. 免职： to remove from a position of prominence or power (as a throne) 【例】 be ousted from power 被赶下台 【近】 deprive, displace, uncrown, unthrone 【反】 instate, crown, enthrone, throne 任命 【考法2】 v. 驱逐： to drive or force out 【例】 she was ousted from her job after it was proven she'd been pilfering company supplies 她贪污公司财物 这事被证实后，她被驱逐了 【近】 banish, boot out, cast out, chase, dismiss, drum out, expel, extrude, kick out, throw out, turf out, turn out

matriculate

【考法1】 vt. 入学，录取： to admit or be admitted into a group, especially a college or university. 【例】 matriculate at Princeton 在普林斯顿入学 【近】 admit, enroll, inscribe, recruit, register 【反】 commence, graduate 毕业；delist 除名 【派】 matriculation n. 录取

mitigate

【考法1】 vt. 减轻痛苦，使缓和： to make less severe or painful 【例】 powerful drugs that mitigate pains 强力的镇痛剂 【近】 allay, alleviate, assuage, ease, mitigate, mollify, palliate, relieve, soothe 【反】 aggravate, exacerbate, intensify 加剧 【派】 mitigation n. 缓和

mince

【考法1】 vt. 切碎： to cut or chop into very small pieces 【例】 I'll buy some lean meat and mince it myself. 我会买一些瘦肉然后自己切好的 【近】 cut, dice, grind, hash 【考法2】 vi. 小步走： to walk with very short steps or with exaggerated primness 【例】 The bride minced through the cathedral. 新娘踏着细小的步伐穿过教堂 【反】 stride 大步走 【记】 min 最小 + ce 音：碎，撕→小碎步；piece，撕成小片 menace: risk

initiate

【考法1】 vt. 创始，发动促进： to cause or facilitate the beginning of 【例】 a chain reaction initiated by UV irradiation 紫外光激发引起的连锁反应 【近】 begin, start, commence, inaugurate, introduce, launch 【反】 terminate 终止 【考法2】 n. 刚入门的新手： a person who is undergoing or has undergone an initiation 【近】 apprentice, beginner, novice, rookie, tyro 【反】 veteran 身经百战的人 【派】 initiative 主动性，首创精神

institute

【考法1】 vt. 创立，制定： to establish, organize, and set in operation 【例】 institute a new department 创建一个新的部门 【近】 begin, constitute, create, found, inaugurate, launch, start, set up 【反】 abrogate, efface, rescind 废除；close, shut 关闭；phase out 淘汰 【考法2】 n. 机构： an organization for the promotion of a cause 【例】 a research institute 研究机构 【近】 association, institution, society 【派】 institution n. 习俗，制度

motivate

【考法1】 vt. 刺激，激发： to provide with an incentive; move to action 【例】 questions that excite and motivate youth 激发青年人的问题 【近】 excite, galvanize, impel, innervate, provoke, rouse, stimulate 【反】 discourage, dishearten 使泄气 【派】 motivation n. 动机；motivated adj. 被激励的

intensify

【考法1】 vt. 加强，激化： to make intense or more intensive 【例】 Both companies intensified their efforts to win the contract. 为了获得这份合同，两家公司都加大了投入 【近】 accentuate, aggravate, amplify, deepen, enhance, magnify, redouble, strengthen 【反】 abate, assuage, attenuate, mitigate, moderate 减缓，减低（程度） 【派】 intensity n. 强度

quell

【考法1】 vt. 压制： to put down forcibly; suppress 【例】 quell riot 镇压骚乱 【近】 quash, repress, squash, squelch, subdue, suppress, clamp down on, crack down on 【考法2】 vt. 使平静，安静： to pacify; quiet 【例】 quell fears 减轻害怕 【近】 dumb, extinguish, hush, mute, settle 【反】 foment, instigate, rouse, incite 煽动【记】 源自kill, qu=k, e=i quail v. to feel afraid and often to show your fear in a way that can be clearly seen

loathe

【考法1】 vt. 厌恶： to dislike someone or something greatly; abhor 【例】 I loathe having to do this. 我鄙视不得不这样做。 【近】 abhor, abominate, despise, detest, execrate 【反】 adore, love 热爱 【派】 loathsome adj. 令人讨厌的

quaver

【考法1】 vt. 发颤音： to speak in a quivering voice; utter a quivering sound 【例】 His voice quavered during the speech. 整个演讲过程中，他的声音都是颤抖的。 【近】 temble，trill

metamorphose

【考法1】 vt. 变形： to change into a different physical form especially by supernatural means 【例】 a science fiction story in which radiation metamorphoses people into giant bugs 一个描绘辐射将人变 成了巨大虫子的科幻小说 【近】 alchemize, transfigure, transform, transmute, transpose, transubstantiate 【反】 remain 保持

inter

【考法1】 vt. 埋葬： to place in a grave or tomb 【例】 The infamous terrorist leader Bin Laden was interred at sea. 臭名昭著的恐怖分子本拉登被葬于海中 【近】 bury, entomb, inhume 【反】 dig, disinter, excavate, exhume, unearth 掘出

quaff

【考法1】 vt. 大口地喝： to drink (a beverage) heartily 【例】 He stopped at a bar and quaffed a few beers. 他在酒吧停下来，痛饮了几杯啤酒。 【近】 draft, gulp, swig, swill

minimize

【考法1】 vt. 将...减到最少： to reduce to the smallest possible amount, extent, size, or degree 【例】 All striking forces are told to minimize civilian casualties. 所有攻击部队被要求尽可能减少平民伤亡 【近】 deprecate, diminish, discount, reduce 【反】 inflate, magnify 膨胀，扩大；maximize 最大化 【考法2】 vt. 刻意低估： to underestimate intentionally 【例】 minimize losses in our own company while maximize those of the rival 低估我方损失而高估对手损失 【近】 underestimate, underrate, undervalue 【反】 overestimate 高估；exaggerate 夸张，夸大 【考法3】 vt. 表示鄙夷： to express scornfully one's low opinion of 【例】 Sore losers minimized the other team's victory. 愤愤不平的失败者对获胜方的胜利表现出鄙夷 【近】 belittle, denigrate, deprecate, depreciate, derogate, diminish, disparage, trash, vilipend 【反】 acclaim, applaud, exalt, extol, glorify, laud, magnify, praise 欢呼，赞扬 【派】 minimum adj. 最小的

nibble

【考法1】 vt. 小口咬： to eat with small, quick bites or in small morsels 【例】 waves nibbling the shore 缓慢侵蚀海岸的浪 【近】 bite, nip, peck, sip, tipple 【反】 gobble 狼吞虎咽

manipulate

【考法1】 vt. 巧妙操作： to move, arrange, operate, or control by the hands or by mechanical means, especially in a skillful manner 【例】 manipulate a foreign language 熟练地掌握外语 【近】 handle, finesse, manage 【反】 bungle, fumble 笨拙地做 【考法2】 vt. 暗中操控： to influence or manage shrewdly or deviously 【例】 He manipulated public opinion in his favor. 他巧妙地将大众观点导向了有利于他的一边 【近】 machinate, maneuver 【派】 manipulation n.操纵，控制

mollify

【考法1】 vt. 平息抚慰，缓和： to calm in temper or feeling 【例】 mollify the angry customer 平息消费者的怒气 【近】 allay, alleviate, appease, assuage, conciliate, mitigate, placate, propitiate, soothe 【反】 aggravate, enrage, exasperate, incense, inflame, infuriate, ire, rankle, vex 激怒；antagonize 使敌对 【派】 mollification n. 安抚

protract

【考法1】 vt. 延长，拖长： to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong 【近】 elongate, lengthen, prolong, stretch, drag out, draw out, 【反】 curtail, abridge, abbreviate, shorten, cut back 缩减

pervade

【考法1】 vt. 弥漫，充满： to be present throughout; permeate 【例】 The mixed smell of sawdust and glue pervaded the whole factory. 锯末与胶水的味道弥漫了整个工 厂‖the corruption that pervades every stratum of society 充斥在社会每个阶层中的腐败 【近】 interpenetrate, percolate, riddle, suffuse, transfuse 【派】 pervasive adj.弥漫的

incriminate

【考法1】 vt. 归罪于： to accuse of a crime or other wrongful act 【例】 incriminate innocent people 诬陷好人 【近】 charge, criminate ,impeach, indict 【反】 absolve, acquit, exculpate, exonerate, vindicate 免罪

nettle

【考法1】 vt. 惹怒： to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger 【例】 His pompous attitude nettled several people. 他自大的性格得罪了不少人 【近】 aggravate, annoy, exasperate, inflame, infuriate, irritate, peeve, pique, provoke, roil, ruffle, vex 【反】 appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate 安抚

propitiate

【考法1】 vt. 慰抚，劝解： to conciliate (an offended power); appease 【例】 the temple was built to honor the gods in times of plenty and to propitiate them in times of trouble 该庙宇的作用是，丰收之时感谢神明，有难之时安抚神明 【近】 appease, assuage, conciliate, disarm, mollify, placate 【反】 enrage, incense, inflame, infuriate, ire, madden, outrage, antagonize, arouse hostility 激怒

peeve

【考法1】 vt. 打扰，惹恼： to disturb the peace of mind of (someone) especially by repeated disagreeable acts 【例】 be constantly peeved by his affected flattery 总是被他做作的谄媚所惹恼 【近】 aggravate, annoy, bother, exasperate, frost, gall, irk, nettle, pique, rile, ruffle, vex 【反】 becalm, compose, lull, lullaby, quiet, salve, settle, soothe, still, tranquilize 使镇定 【派】 peevish adj. 易怒的，脾气不好的

perturb

【考法1】 vt. 扰乱，使烦躁不安： to trouble the mind of; to make uneasy 【例】 perturbed me enough to keep me awake that night 让我烦躁到当晚失眠 【近】 agitate, ail, bother, discomfort, discompose, distress, unsettle, upset 【反】 calm, compose, quiet, settle, soothe, tranquilize 使镇定 【派】 perturbation n. 打扰，扰乱

naysay

【考法1】 vt. 拒绝，否认： to oppose, deny, or take a pessimistic or negative view of 【近】 decline, deny, deject, disallow, gainsay, oppose, refuse, reject 【反】 accede, agree, concur, consent 同意 【派】 naysayer n. 反对者

lug

【考法1】 vt. 拖动，拉动： to cause to follow by applying steady force on 【例】 lugged the lawn mower out into the backyard 把割草机拖进院子 【近】 drag, draw, hale, pull, tow, tug 【反】 drive, propel, push 推动 【考法2】 vt. 费力搬运： to carry laboriously 【例】 I don't understand why he's always lugging all of his books around when his locker is right over there. 我真搞不懂为什么他总是明明在有锁柜的情况下还随身扛着所有的书 【近】 bear, cart, convey, ferry, haul, lug, pack, tote, transport

mangle

【考法1】 vt. 损毁，使伤残： to injure with deep disfiguring wounds by cutting, tearing, or crushing 【例】 His body was mangled beyond recognition. 他的尸体已经被损毁到无法辨认的程度了 【近】 batter, deform, disfigure, distort, lacerate, mutilate, rend, wreck 【反】 cure, heal, rehabilitate 治愈，康复 【考法2】 vt. 弄砸： to ruin or spoil through ineptitude or ignorance 【例】 The orchestra had completely mangled Bach's music. 乐队彻底演砸了巴赫的音乐 【近】 blow, bumble, bungle, butcher, fumble , mar, mess, ruin, foul up, screw up猛钩，蛮干，猛地用铁勾勾成碎片

knead

【考法1】 vt. 揉捏，塑造： to make or shape by or as if by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands 【例】 knead dough 揉面团‖kneading a painful calf muscle 给疼痛的小腿肌肉按摩 【近】 massage, manipulate, mould, squeeze, stroke 音：捏的，泥的，泥的是捏制的

nurture

【考法1】 vt. 提供营养： to supply with nourishment 【例】 nurtured her children through the winters with home-cooked soup 一整个冬天都给孩子们喂自制的汤 【反】 withhold sustenance from 停止提供营养物 【考法 2】 vt. 培育，培养： to provide (someone) with moral or spiritual understanding 【例】 he feels that his lifelong practice of reading the Bible daily has nurtured him in ways he cannot describe 一生中每天都阅读圣经在潜移默化中影响了他 【近】 edify, illuminate, inspire 【反】 impede, stunt, disregard 阻碍，漠视

ingest

【考法1】 vt. 摄入，咽下： to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption 【例】 claims that the average person ingests considerably more calories than is necessary or desirable 宣称每个人平均摄取的卡路里大大超出了所需或者适当的范围 【近】 eat, consume, devour, intake 【反】 evacuate, expel 排出；vomit 呕吐 【派】 ingestion n. 摄取

raze

【考法1】 vt. 摧毁，粉碎： to destroy completely by or as if by knocking down or breaking to pieces 【例】 Excavators were began to raze old school building. 挖土机开始夷平学校的老建筑。‖An entire city block razed by a terrible fire. 大火摧毁了整个街区。 【近】 annihilate, decimate, demolish, devastate, level, nuke, pulverize, ruin, smash, vaporize, wreck, tear down 【反】 build, construct, erect, raise, rear, set up 建造 【派】 razor n. 剃须刀

recant

【考法1】 vt. 撤回，放弃，改变： to withdraw or repudiate (a statement or belief) formally and publicly 【例】 The man has refused after torture to recant his heresy. 这个人在受折磨后依旧拒绝放弃他的异教信仰。 【近】 abjure, abnegate, forswear, renege, renounce, repeal, repudiate, retract, withdraw 【反】 adhere, insist, maintain, stick 坚持 【派】 recantation n. 改变论调

indoctrinate

【考法1】 vt. 教育，灌输思想： to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments 【例】 indoctrinate students with the notion of egalitarianism 向学生灌输平等主义的思想 【近】 educate, instruct, lesson, teach, train, tutor 【反】 learn, study 学习

preen

【考法1】 vt. 整理（羽毛）：to smooth or clean (feathers) with the beak or bill 【近】 plume 【反】 rumple 弄皱 【考法2】 vt. 打扮修饰： to dress or groom (oneself) with elaborate care 【例】 She always preen herself in an elaborate suit before going to the opera. 她去听歌剧之前总要精心打扮 一番，穿上最豪华的服装。 【近】 groom, plume, primp 【考法3】 vt. 自满： to take pride or satisfaction in (oneself) 【例】 He always preen himself on his ancestry. 他总是因为他的血统而洋洋得意 【近】 gloat, plume, pride 【反】 efface 表现出谦卑

liken

【考法1】 vt. 显示相似，比较： to see, mention, or show as similar; compare 【例】 Life is often likened to a journey. 生活经常被比作一次旅行 【近】 analogize, bracket, equate, equalize 【反】 contrast 对比，对照以产生反差

mottle

【考法1】 vt. 标记上杂色斑点： to mark with spots or blotches of different shades or colors 【例】 a black horse mottled with white 身上带有白色斑点的黑马 【近】 blotch, dapple, dot, marble, splotch, spot, stain 【反】 blanch 漂白 【派】 mottled adj. 斑驳的 mettle: n. vigor and strength of spirit or n. staying quality

macerate

【考法1】 vt. 浸泡（以软化）： to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid 【例】 macerate the sample in ethanol 用乙醇浸软试样 【近】 drench, drown, impregnate, saturate, sodden, sop, souse, steep 【反】 wring 拧干；dehydrate, desiccate, parch, sorch, sear 烤干，烤焦

inundate

【考法1】 vt. 淹没： to cover with or as if with flood 【例】 inundated with trash e-mails 被垃圾邮件所淹没 【近】 avalanche, deluge, drown, engulf, overflow, overwhelm, submerge 【反】 drain 排空 【派】 inundation n. 淹没

mollycoddle

【考法1】 vt. 溺爱： to treat with an excessive or absurd degree of indulgence and attention 【例】 mollycoddle his only grandson 溺爱他唯一的孙子 【近】 coddle, cosset, indulge, pamper, spoil 【反】 abuse, ill-treat 虐待

prowl

【考法1】 vt. 潜行，巡游以猎取食物： to roam through stealthily, as in search of prey or plunder 【例】 I prowled the shop looking for sales. 我在商店里转悠，寻找打折商品。【记】 音：泊 + row 划船 + l 象一支船桨，或一支枪或鱼杆，湖泊里划行，捕鱼

rankle

【考法1】 vt. 激怒： to cause anger, irritation, or deep bitterness 【例】 It rankles me when some schools can't even afford paper and pencils for the students. 当我获悉有些学 校连纸张和铅笔都无法提供给学生时，我感到十分愤怒。 【近】 aggravate, enrage, exasperate, incense, inflame, infuriate, ire, madden, rile, roil 【反】 delight, gratify, please 使愉悦；appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate 安抚音：怨抠，怨你太抠，这么辛苦干活才给这么点钱

provoke

【考法1】 vt. 激怒： to incite to anger or resentment 【例】 his teasing finally provoked her to anger 他的调戏最终把她激怒了 【近】 arouse, excite, incite, instigate, pique, stimulate, stir, fire up 【考法2】 vt. 驱使，激起： to stir to action or feeling 【例】 rankings that are sure to provoke an argument among film critics 排名必将引发影评家们的争论 【近】 abet, ferment, foment, instigate, stir up, whip up

infuriate

【考法1】 vt. 激怒： to make furious 【例】 be infuriated by the deliberate insults 被蓄意的中伤激怒 【近】 aggravate, enrage, exasperate, incense, ire, madden, umbrage 【反】 appease, assuage, pacify, placate, propitiate 平息，安抚；delight, gratify, please 取悦，讨好 【派】 infuriated adj. 被激怒的

infuse

【考法1】 vt. 灌输，使...充满： to fill or cause to be filled with something 【例】 New members infused enthusiasm into the club. 新队员为俱乐部注入了激情 【近】 endue, imbue, implant, ingrain, instill, permeate, suffuse, steep 【反】 extract 提取 【考法2】 vt. 鼓舞： inspire, animate 【例】 a sense of purpose that infuses scientific researchers 给科学研究者打鸡血一般的使命感 【近】 animate, exalt, motivate, stimulate 【派】 infusion n. 注入

kindle

【考法1】 vt. 点燃： to build or fuel (a fire); to set fire to; ignite 【例】 kindle interest 激发兴趣 【近】 enkindle, ignite, inflame, torch 【反】 douse, extinguish, quench, put out, snuff out 熄灭

instigate

【考法1】 vt. 煽动，激起： to goad or urge forward; to stir up 【例】 This incident is instigated by a small group of people with ulterior motives. 【近】 abet, arouse, excite, foment, goad, incite, inflame, provoke, stir 【反】 assuage, allay, mitigate, mollify, pacify, soothe 【派】 instigation n. 煽动】 in + stick 拿棍子刺激,

incite

【考法1】 vt. 煽动，激起： to provoke and urge on 【例】 inciting workers to strike 煽动工人罢工 【近】 arouse, abet, foment, instigate, pick, provoke, raise, stir 【反】 dampen, deter, discourage, dishearten, dissuade 劝阻

quench

【考法1】 vt. 熄灭： to put out (a fire, for example); extinguish. 【例】 We thoroughly quenched the campfire before we headed to bed. 我们在睡前把营火完全熄灭了。 【近】 blanket, douse, put out, snuff out 【反】 fire, ignite, inflame, kindle, light 点燃 【考法2】 v. 使满足： to put a complete end to (a physical need or desire) 【例】 this lemonade really quenches my thirst 这杯柠檬汁真是解渴 【近】 assuage, quench, sate, satiate, slake

nudge

【考法1】 vt. 用肘推以引起注意： to seek the attention of by a push of the elbow 【例】 accidentally nudged me as he squeezed past 他过去的时候不小心用肘碰到了我 【考法2】 vt. 说服某人做某事： to try to persuade (someone) through earnest appeals to follow a course of action 【例】 the car salesman nudged me into taking a test-drive 汽车销售员说服我进行试驾 【近】 encourage, exhort, goad, press, prod, prompt

pulverize

【考法1】 vt. 研磨成粉： to bring to a complete end the physical soundness, existence, or usefulness of 【例】 Bits of pulverized rock filled the air. 被碾碎的岩石碎片充斥在空气里。 【反】 solidify, build, construct, erect, put up, raise, rear, set up 硬化，构建

orient

【考法1】 vt. 确定方向，使熟悉或适应： to set or arrange in any determinate position especially in relation to the points of the compass; to make familiar with or adjusted to facts, principles, or a situation 【例】 orient students toward a career in medicine 指导学生从事医学的职业道路 【近】 accustom, familiarize, initiate, introduce, orientate 【反】 confuse 使迷惑

proscribe

【考法1】 vt. 禁止，排斥： to prohibit; forbid 【例】 acts proscribed by law 被法律禁止的行为 【近】 ban, enjoin, interdict, outlaw, prohibit 【反】 sanction, permit, allow, let, suffer 允许

interdict

【考法1】 vt. 禁止： to forbid in a usually formal or authoritative manner 【例】 Though not interdicted by law, such an action is morally wrong. 尽管这种行为不被法律所禁止，但是道德上来说是不对的 【近】 ban, forbid, prohibit, proscribe inter埋藏 + dict 说，命令；埋藏的命令 禁止令，一项基督教禁令，将某人或某地区排除在大部分圣礼之外

infiltrate

【考法1】 vt. 秘密潜入： to enter or take up positions in gradually or surreptitiously, as for purposes of espionage or takeover 【例】 The intelligence staff had been infiltrated by spies. 情报工作人员已经被间谍渗透了 【近】 creep, insinuate, penetrate, sneak, slip 【反】 abscond 潜逃 【派】 infiltration n. 潜入，渗透 【记】 in 进去 + filter 过滤→通过过滤器进去→渗透

kidnap

【考法1】 vt. 绑架勒索： to seize and detain by unlawful force or fraud and often with a demand for ransom 【例】 the child was kidnapped and held for ransom 歹徒绑架了孩子，并且向家属勒索赎金 【近】 abduct 【反】 release, set free 释放

knit

【考法1】 vt. 编织（纱线）： to form by interlacing yarn or thread in a series of connected loops with needles 【例】 She knitted him a sweater for Christmas. 圣诞节她为他缝了一件毛衣 【近】 braid, plait, weave 【反】 ravel 解开 【考法2】 vt. 连接，联系： to join closely; unite securely 【例】 Sport knits the whole family close together. 体育将整个家庭紧紧地联系在一起 【近】 bind, bond, combine, connect, fasten, join, link, meld, merge, tie, secure, unite 【反】 disassociate, disconnect, disjoin, divide, sever, split, sunder 分开

procure

【考法1】 vt. 获得，取得： to get possession of 【例】 procured the prisoner's release 得到了释放囚犯的许可 【近】 acquire, attain, garner, knock down, pull down, bring in 【反】 relinquish, forfeit, lose 放弃

opine

【考法1】 vt. 表达观点： to express opinions 【例】 You can opine about any subject you like. 你可以畅所欲言。 【近】 comment, editorialize, note, observe, reflect, weigh in

pillory

【考法1】 vt. 被示众嘲弄： to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or scorn 【例】 The candidate mercilessly pilloried his opponent. 候选人在大众面前无情地羞辱他的对手。‖ He resigned after being pilloried by the press. 在遭到媒体嘲弄之后他愤然辞职。 【近】 abase, debase, degrade, denounce, humiliate, ridicule 【反】 carol, eulogize, exalt, extol, laud 赞美 pile 桩子 + lorry卡车，绑在卡车后面的桩子戴着颈手枷上游街示众

ravel

【考法1】 vt. 解开，松开： to separate the various strands of 【例】 Since the sweater is too small, you could ravel the yarnout and make something else with it. 既然这 个毛衣太大，你可以把它拆了然后织些新的东西。 【近】 disentangle, extricate, unbraid, unsnarl, untwine, unweave 【反】 braid, knit, plait, weave 编织 【考法2】 vt. 阐明： to clarify by separating the aspects of 【近】 clarify, clear, elucidate, untangle, unravel 【反】 complex, complicate, entangle, perplex, sophisticate, snarl, tangle 使复杂化 【考法3】 vt. 使纠缠，使复杂化： to tangle or complicate 【例】 a ravelled story 一个复杂的故事 【近】 complex, complicate, entangle, perplex, sophisticate, snarl, tangle 【近】 clarify, clear, elucidate, untangle, unravel 阐明

particularize

【考法1】 vt. 详述： to go into or give details or particulars 【例】 particularize the rules you must observe 详述了你需要遵守的规定 【近】 detail, specificate, specify 【反】 abbreviate, abridge, condense, shorten 删减内容

misrepresent

【考法1】 vt. 误传，篡改： to give an incorrect or misleading representation of 【例】 misrepresent the facts 篡改事实真相 【近】 belie, color, distort, falsify, garble, misinterpret, misrelate, misstate, pervert 【反】 clarify, explain, illuminate, illustrate 澄清，阐明 【派】 misrepresentation n. 篡改

misconstrue

【考法1】 vt. 误解，曲解： to mistake the meaning of 【例】 An outsider might misconstrue the nature of the phenomenon. 局外者可能会曲解这个现象的本质 【近】 garble, misapprehend, misinterpret, misperceive, misread, misrepresent, mistake 【反】 appreciate, apprehend, catch, comprehend, fathom, grasp, perceive, savvy, seize, understand 获知【记】 mis + construe解释

mediate

【考法1】 vt. 调解，调停： to intervene between two or more disputants in order to bring about an agreement, a settlement, or a compromise 【例】 mediate a labor-management dispute 调解劳工纠纷 【近】 conciliate, intercede, intermediate, interpose 【反】 arouse, encourage, excite, foment, incite, inflame, instigate, pique, spark, stimulate, stir 煽动激起 【派】 mediator n. 调停人

interrogate

【考法1】 vt. 质问，审问： to question formally and systematically 【例】 interrogate the prisoner of war for valuable intelligence 审问战俘以获取有价值的情报 【近】 ask, grill, inquire, milk, question 【反】 answer, reply, respond 回答，回复 【派】 interrogation n. 审讯【记】 inter 之间 + rogate 问，要求，权利，审讯官问犯人是两者之间的问

indict

【考法1】 vt. 起诉，控告： to accuse of wrongdoing; charge 【例】 indict the mayor for fraud and embezzlement. 起诉市长受贿和挪用公款 【近】 charge, criminate, impeach, incriminate 【反】 absolve, acquit, exculpate, exonerate, vindicate 免罪

overlap

【考法1】 vt. 重叠，重复： to occupy the same area in part 【例】 Baseball season overlaps football season in September. 棒球赛季和橄榄球赛季在九月有时间重合。 【近】 lap, overlay, overlie, overspread

reconstitute

【考法1】 vt. 重建，（尤其是通过加水）使复原： to constitute again or anew; to restore to a former condition, especiallyby adding water 【例】 reconstitute dried coffee powder 冲咖啡‖Slowly Jewish communities ravaged by Nazi Germany were reconstituted and life began anew.被纳粹德国摧残的犹太人社区慢慢得以重建，新的生活开始了。 【近】 reconstruct, reorder, reorganize, reshuffle, retool 【近】 annihilate, decimate, demolish, devastate, level, nuke, pulverize, ruin, smash, vaporize, wreck 摧毁 【派】reconstitution n. （加水）复原

quash

【考法1】 vt. 镇压，阻止： to put a stop to (something) by the use of force 【例】 quash a rebellion 镇压一次叛变 【近】 repress, squelch, subdue, suppress, clamp down on, crack down on 【反】 engender, foment 引起，煽动

qualify

【考法1】 vt. 限定： to reduce from a general to a particular or restricted form 【例】 qualified support 有限的支持 【派】 qualified 【反】 unreserved, absolute, categorical 无保留的，不受限制的 【考法2】 v. 使有资格，有能力： to make competent (as by training, skill, or ability) for a particular office or function 【例】 raising five children has qualified her to be an advice columnist on parenting 抚养五个孩子的经历让她成为了育儿板块的专栏作家 【近】 equip, fit, prepare, ready, season, train

obliterate

【考法1】 vt. 除去： to remove from existence 【例】 the March snowstorm obliterated our hopes for an early spring 三月的暴风雪摧毁了我们对于一个早春 的念想 【近】 efface, eradicate, expunge, expurgate, exterminate, extirpate, wipe out

preempt

【考法1】 vt. 预先占有： to appropriate, seize, or take for oneself before others 【例】 The naughty children had preempted front-row seats that were reserved for the guests of honor. 调皮的 孩子们把前排留给贵客的座位占了。 【近】 appropriate, arrogate, commandeer, convert, expropriate, preempt, press, seize, usurp 【考法2】 v. 替换：to replace with something considered to be of greater value or priority: take precedence over 【例】 The special newscast preempted the usual television program. 特别新闻取代了常规节目。 【近】 displace, replace, supersede, supplant 【派】 preemptive adj. 先发制人的

predestine

【考法1】 vt. 预先注定： to determine the fate of in advance 【例】 Our victory in the tournament was seemingly predestined. 我们在锦标赛中的胜利似乎是注定好了的 【近】 doom, fate, foredoom, foreordain, ordain, predestine, predetermine, preordain 【派】 predestination n. 命中注定

preclude

【考法1】 vt. 预先阻止： to make impossible, as by action taken in advance 【例】 Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate. 年龄并没有阻止他成为候选人。 【近】 avert, deter, forestall, obviate, prevent, stave off 【考法2】 vt. 排斥 ：to exclude or prevent (someone) from a given condition or activity 【例】 He refused to preclude the subject from discussion . 他拒绝将这个话题排出讨论范围。 【近】 bar, exclude, except 【反】 enclose 圈入 【派】 preclusive adj. 预先阻止的

immutable

【考法1】adj. 不可变的： not capable of changing or being changed 【例】 One of the immutable laws of television is that low ratings inevitably lead to cancellation. 电视行业中一个不变的原则就是：低收视率的节目必然会被撤掉 【近】 constant, fixed, inalterable, inflexible, invariable, unalterable, unchangeable 【反】 alterable, changeable, elastic, flexible, mutable, variable 可变的 impassive

invincible

【考法1】adj. 不可战胜的，不可超越的： incapable of being conquered, overcome, or subdued 【例】The soccer team proved to be invincible. 这支球队证明了自己是不可战胜的 【近】 bulletproof, impregnable, invulnerable, unbeatable, unconquerable 【反】 conquerable 可被征服的；surmountable 可超越的；vulnerable 脆弱的，敏感的 【派】 invincibility n. 无敌

impenetrable

【考法1】adj. 不可渗透的，不可穿透的： impossible to get through or into 【例】 The ancient temple was surrounded by vast stretches of impenetrable jungle. 包围着古老的神庙的是密不透风的灌木丛 【近】 impassable, impermeable, impervious, impregnable 【反】 passable, penetrable, permeable, pervious 可通过的 【考法2】adj. 难以理解的： incapable of being comprehended 【例】The textbook's language is completely impenetrable, at least to me. 至少在我看来，这个教材就是天书 【近】 arcane, cryptic, enigmatic, incomprehensible, inscrutable, unfathomable, ungraspable, unintelligible 【反】 fathomable, intelligible, understandable 可以理解的

impervious

【考法1】adj. 不可渗透的，不可穿透的： not allowing entrance or passage 【例】 The material for this coat is supposed to be impervious to rain. 这件大衣的材料应该是能防雨的 【近】 impassable, impenetrable, impermeable, impregnable 【反】 passable, penetrable, permeable, pervious 可渗透的 【考法2】adj. 不能被破坏的： not capable of being damaged or harmed 【例】 a carpet impervious to rough treatment 耐用的地毯 【近】 bulletproof, imperishable, indestructible, inextinguishable, invulnerable 【反】 delicate, sensitive, vulnerable 脆弱的，敏感的 【考法3】adj. 不为所动的： not capable of being affected or disturbed 【例】 These sailors are impervious to fear. 这些水手无所畏惧 【近】 immune, insusceptible, unaffected, unresponsive 【反】 ductile, pliable, pliant, yielding 易受影响的

impenitent

【考法1】adj. 不悔悟的： not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses 【例】 remain impenitent about her criminal past 对她过去所犯罪行执迷不悟 【近】 remorseless, regretless, shameless, unashamed, unrepentant 【反】 contrite, regretful, remorseful, rueful, penitent 感到悔恨的

imprudent

【考法1】adj. 不明智的： lacking discretion, wisdom, or good judgment 【例】 an imprudent investment ha made many years ago 他许多年前做的一笔不明智的投资 【近】 impolitic, inadvisable, indelicate, injudicious, tactless, undiplomatic, unwise 【反】 advisable, politic, prudent, tactical, wise 明智的

halfbaked

【考法1】adj. 不明智的： showing or marked by a lack of good sense or judgment 【例】 a half-baked scheme 不明智的计划 【近】 daffy, daft, dippy, harebrained, half-witted, preposterous 【反】 judicious, prudent, sagacious, sapient, sensible, sound, wise明智的

immune

【考法1】adj. 不易被感染的，有免疫力的： of, relating to, or having resistance to infection 【例】 The blood test will tell whether you are immune to the disease. 验血可以判断你是否对这种疾病免疫 【近】 resistant 【反】 susceptible, vulnerable 易感染的，易受攻击的 【考法2】adj. 不受影响的： not affected by a given influence 【例】 immune to persuasion 不听劝 【近】 insusceptible, unaffected, unresponsive 【反】 ductile, pliable, pliant, yielding 易受影响的 【考法3】adj. 不受约束的： not subject to an obligation imposed on others 【例】 immune from taxation 免税 【近】 exempt, free 【反】 liable, responsible 负有责任的 【派】 immunity n. 免疫性

imprecise

【考法1】adj. 不精确的： not precise 【例】 incomplete and imprecise satellite data 既不完整又不精确的卫星数据 【近】 approximate, inaccurate, loose, squishy 【反】 accurate, exact, precise, veracious 精确的，准确的 【派】 imprecision n. 不准确，不精确

irradicable

【考法1】adj. 不能根除的： impossible to uproot or destroy 【例】Smoking has become an irradicable bad habit for him. 吸烟已成了他不能根除的恶习 【近】 entrenched, ineradicable, ingrained, inveterate, rooted 【反】 eradicable 可根除的

iridescent

【考法1】adj. 五颜六色的： displaying a play of lustrous colors like those of the rainbow 【例】 an iridescent soap bubble 一个五颜六色的肥皂泡 【近】 nacreous, opalescent, pearlescent 【反】 monochromatic 单色的 【派】 iridescence n. 五彩斑斓

grisly

【考法1】adj. 令人反感的，令人恐惧的： inspiring repugnance; gruesome 【例】 a series grisly murders 一系列令人恐惧的谋杀 【近】 appalling, dreadful, ghastly, gruesome, hideous, horrifying, macabre

heartrending

【考法1】adj. 令人心碎的： causing intense sorrow or distress 【例】 a heartrending choice between saving his mother or his wife 先救老妈还是先救老婆的纠结选择

preeminent

【考法1】adj. 优秀的，重要的：having paramount rank, dignity, or importance 【例】The writer's style is brilliant and his command of words, preeminent. 作者的文风和用词都十分出色 【近】distinguished, illustrious, incomparable, notable, outstanding, peerless, superb, supreme, unmatchable 【反】negligible, trivial 不重要的 【派】preeminence n. 杰出

hangdog

【考法1】adj. 伤心的，沮丧的： sad, dejected 【例】 She came home with a hangdog expression on her face. 她一脸沮丧地回到了家。 【近】 crestfallen, dejected, despondent, disconsolate, doleful, melancholy, sorrowful 【反】 buoyant, elated, sprightly, blissful, delighted, joyous, jubilant, upbeat 热情高涨的

homely

【考法1】adj. 其貌不扬的，朴素简单的： not attractive or good-looking 【例】 homely truth 朴素的真理 【近】hideous, unappealing, unattractive, uncomely, unsightly 【反】 pulchritudinous, aesthetic, attractive, beautiful, comely, gorgeous, handsome, knockout, lovely, pretty, ravishing, seemly, sightly, stunning, taking, well-favored 美丽的

immanent

【考法1】adj. 内在的： being a part of the innermost nature of a person or thing 【例】 Beauty is not something imposed but something immanent. 美丽是内在的品格而非外加的东西 【近】 constitutional, essential, inborn, inbred, indigenous, ingrained, innate, integral, intrinsic, natural 【反】 adventitious, extrinsic, extraneous 外在的，非本源的

impetuous

【考法1】adj. 冲动的，性急的，轻率的： marked by impulsive vehemence or passion 【例】He is young and impetuous.他年轻易冲动 【近】 ardent, hasty, headlong, impassioned, impulsive, passionate, rash, vehement 【反】 cautious, circumspect, wary 谨慎的，小心的 【考法2】adj. 剧烈的，猛烈的： marked by force and violence of movement or action 【例】an impetuous wind 猛烈的风 【近】 abrupt, hasty, hurried, precipitate, precipitous, rushing, sudden, violent 【反】 calm, halcyon, placid, quiet 风平浪静的 【派】 impetus n. 推动力

impassive

【考法1】adj. 冷漠的，无感情的： giving no sign of feeling or emotion 【例】 She remained impassive as the officers informed her of her son's death. 她面不改色地听着警官宣读她儿子的死讯 【近】 affectless, apathetic, cold-blooded, deadpan, emotionless, numb, phlegmatic, stoic, undemonstrative 【反】 demonstrative, emotional, fervent, fervid, impassioned, passionate, vehement充满感情的

industrious

【考法1】adj. 勤勉的： constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied, diligent 【例】 The industrious PhD spends all his summer holiday in the laboratory. 勤奋的博士整个暑假都在做实验 【近】 assiduous, busy, diligent, sedulous 【反】 indolent, lazy, slothful 懒惰的 【派】 industriousness n. 勤奋

impending

【考法1】adj. 即将发生的： being soon to appear or take place 【例】 an impending celebration of the 100th anniversary of the college's founding 即将来临的百年校庆 【近】 approaching, coming, imminent, nearing, pending, proximate, upcoming, around the corner 【反】 late, recent 最近发生的；distant, remote 遥远的

immemorial

【考法1】adj. 古老的： dating or surviving from the distant past 【例】 a modern version of an immemorial myth 一个远古传说的现代版本 【近】 aged, age-old, antediluvian, antique, dateless, hoary, old, venerable 【反】 contemporary, modern 当代的，现代的；recent 近来的

genial

【考法1】adj. 和蔼亲切的： having an easygoing and pleasing manner especially in social situations 【例】a genial host who makes a point of speaking personally to each and every guest 一个强调与每个客人私下交流的亲切的主人 【近】 affable, agreeable, gracious, mellow, nice, pleasant, sweet 【反】 caustic, mordant 尖酸刻薄的；truculent 凶残的 【考法2】adj. 友好的，热心的： having or showing kindly feeling and sincere interest 【近】 amicable, companionable, cordial, warmhearted 【反】 antagonistic, hostile 有敌意的 【考法3】adj. 温暖的： marked by temperatures that are neither too high nor too low 【例】genial sunshine in winter 冬日的暖阳 【近】 balmy, equable, gentle, mild, moderate, soft, temperate 【反】 harsh, inclement, intemperate, severe 严峻的 【派】 geniality n. 和蔼

harmonious

【考法1】adj. 和谐一致的： having the parts agreeably related 【例】 a harmonious arrangement of archways and doorways in the palace courtyard 宫殿的庭院，拱门和门廊排列有序协调 【近】 balanced, congruous, consonant, eurythmic, harmonic, accordant, coherent, compatible, concordant, conformable, congruent, consonant, correspondent, nonconflicting 【反】 disharmonic, disharmonious, incongruous, unbalanced 不协调的；conflicting, incompatible, incongruous, inconsistent 冲突的

implacable

【考法1】adj. 固执的： sticking to an opinion, purpose, or course of action in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion 【近】 adamant, dogged, headstrong, intransigent, mulish, obdurate, pertinacious, stubborn, unyielding 【反】 acquiescent 倾向于默认的；compliant, flexible, pliable, pliant, yielding 易受影响的 【考法2】adj. 无法平息的： not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or mitigated 【例】 an implacable enemy 无法与之和解的敌人 【近】 determined, grim, relentless, unappeasable 【反】 placable 可平息的，可缓和的

halcyon

【考法1】adj. 宁静的，平静的： free from storms or physical disturbance 【近】 hushed, peaceful, placid, serene, tranquil, untroubled 【反】 tempestuous, stormy, agitated, inclement, restless, rough, turbulent, unquiet, unsettled 暴风雨的，暴躁的 【考法2】adj. 繁荣的，丰富的： prosperous, affluent, vigorous growth and well-being especially economically 【例】 halcyon years 丰年 【近】 booming, flourishing, lush, palmy, prospering, roaring, thriving 【反】 miserable, depressed, unprosperous 萧条的，少得可怜的

imposing

【考法1】adj. 宏伟壮丽的： impressive in size, bearing, dignity, or grandeur 【例】The corporation's imposing headquarters were designed by one of the nation's cutting-edge architects. 这家公司宏伟壮丽的总部是由该国最优秀的建筑师设计的 【近】 august, epic, glorious, grand, imperial, magnificent, monumental, noble, splendid 【反】 common, humble, inferior, low 低下的，平凡的 【记】 impose 给人强加的+ing，类似impressive 给人深刻印象的

gargantuan

【考法1】adj. 巨大的： tremendous in size, volume, or degree 【例】a gargantuan waterfall in the rainforest 热带雨林中的巨大瀑布 【近】 huge, astronomical, colossal, elephantine, enormous, gigantic, immense, mammoth, monstrous, titanic 【反】 infinitesimal, minuscule 微小的【记】 近于gigantic

imperial

【考法1】adj. 帝国的，帝王的： of, relating to, or suggestive of an empire or a sovereign, especially an emperor or empress 【例】 Imperial College London 帝国理工学院 【近】 kingly, queenly, regal, royal 【考法2】adj. 巨大的，令人惊叹的： large and impressive in size, grandeur, extent, or conception 【例】 envisioned an imperial city that would rival the capitals of Europe for beauty and magnificence 幻想着一个比欧洲各国首都更为动人和壮丽的巨大城市 【近】 august, epic, glorious, grand, imposing, magnificent, monumental, noble, splendid 【反】 common, humble, inferior, low 低下的，平凡的

immaculate

【考法1】adj. 干净的，纯净的： free from dirt or stain; free from any trace of the coarse or indecent 【例】 an immaculate soul 一个纯净的灵魂 【近】 antiseptic, chaste, clean, decent, modest, pristine, pure, spotless, stainless, virgin 【反】 coarse, indecent, obscene, vulgar 粗俗的,下流的；besmirched, dirty, filthy, foul, spotted, stained, sullied 有污点的，不干净的 【考法2】adj. 完美的，没有任何错误的： being entirely without fault or flaw 【例】 an immaculate rendering of the Queen of the Night's aria （《魔笛》中）夜后咏叹调的完美演绎 【近】 absolute, faultless, flawless, impeccable, indefectible, irreproachable, perfect, seamless, unblemished 【反】 amiss, defective, faulty, flawed, imperfect 有错误的，有误差【记】 im 否定 + maculate (近于mark 标记，记号，痕迹)<br/>【另】 maculate 有斑点的, 玷污

glossy

【考法1】adj. 平滑的，有光泽的： having a smooth, shiny, lustrous surface 【例】glossy surface of the floor 平整光亮的地板 【近】 lustrous, burnished, glistening, polished, shining 【反】 coarse 粗糙的；dull, dim 无光泽的

illusory

【考法1】adj. 幻觉的，虚幻的： produced by, based on, or having the nature of an illusion 【例】the illusory definition of nationhood 国家的虚幻定义 【近】 chimerical, fanciful, fantastic, fictional, fictitious, imaginary, suppositious, supposititious, unreal 【反】 factual 事实的 【派】 illusion n. 幻觉

heretical

【考法1】adj. 异教的，异端的： departure from established beliefs or standards 【例】 the belief that women should be allowed to have careers outside the home was once considered heretical 女人应该拥有自己的事业这一观点一度被认为是异端想法 【近】 heterodox, nonconformist, unconventional, unorthodox 【反】 conforming, conformist, conventional, orthodox 正统的

hale

【考法1】adj. 强壮的，健壮的： free from infirmity or illness; sound 【例】 a hale and hearty old lady 硬朗矍铄的老奶奶 【近】 bouncing, fit, robust, sound, well-conditioned, wholesome 【反】 effete, infirm, anemic, wan, decrepit, blighted 衰弱的，衰老的 【考法2】v. 拖，拉： to cause to follow by applying steady force on 【例】 the fishermen haled the huge net onto the deck of the ship 渔民们将巨大的渔网拖到渔船甲板上 【近】 drag, draw, haul, lug, tow, tug 【反】 drive, propel, push 推

histrionic

【考法1】adj. 戏剧的，演员的： of or relating to actors, acting, or the theater 【例】 a penchant for dish throwing, door slamming, and other histrionic displays of temper 有倾向做出一些砸盘子、摔门和其他一些电视剧里的经典生气动作 【近】 melodramatic, operatic, stagy, theatrical 【反】 undramatic

impudent

【考法1】adj. 放肆大胆的，无礼的： marked by contemptuous or cocky boldness or disregard of others 【例】 Some children were well behaved, while others were impudent. 一些孩子表现得很得体，另一些则很无礼 【近】 audacious, barefaced, bold, brash, brazen, impertinent, insolent, shameless 【反】 courteous, genteel, mannerly, polite, proper 举止得体的 【派】 impudencen. 放肆无礼 prudent adj. having or showing careful good judgement

impertinent

【考法1】adj. 无关紧要的： not having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand 【例】Your résumé needlessly lists extracurricular experiences that are impertinent to the PhD program for which you are applying. 你的简历里列出的一些课外活动和你申请的博士项目是毫不相关的 【近】 extraneous, immaterial, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelevant 【反】 germane, pertinent, relevant 相关的；crucial, important, significant 重要的 【考法2】adj. 粗鲁无礼的，大胆的： given to or characterized by insolent rudeness 【例】I don't like strangers who ask impertinent questions. 我很讨厌那些问无礼问题的陌生人 【近】 audacious, bold, brash, brassbound, brassy, brazen, impudent, insolent 【反】 meek, mousy, retiring, shy, timid 内敛的，胆小的 【考法3】adj. 不守礼节的，不为他人着想的： showing a lack of manners or consideration for others 【例】 impertinent salesmen who telephone people during the dinner hour 在就餐时间打电话骚扰别人的无礼销售员 【近】 discourteous, disrespectful, inconsiderate, rude, thoughtless 【反】 civil, courteous, genteel, gracious, mannerly, polite有礼貌的；considerate 为他人着想的

futile

【考法1】adj. 无效的，无用的： serving no useful purpose; completely ineffective 【例】It would be an undoubtedly futile effort to persuade him. 想说服他毫无疑问是徒劳的 【近】 abortive, bootless, fruitless, ineffective, useless, vain 【反】 effectual, efficacious 有效的 【考法2】adj. 不严肃的： lacking in seriousness or maturity 【例】the futile chatter of gossip columnists about the comings and goings of Hollywood celebrities 八卦的专栏作家们对于好莱坞名人来来往往的随意闲谈 【近】 flighty, frivolous, frothy 【反】 earnest, serious 严肃认真的 【派】 futility n. 徒劳，无益

gratuitous

【考法1】adj. 无根据的，无理由的： unnecessary or unwarranted 【例】a dubious request based on a gratuitous assumption 基于无根据假设的可疑要求 【近】 unfounded, unjustified, unreasonable, baseless, groundless 【反】 justified, warranted有理有据的 【考法2】adj. 无报酬的，免费的： given or granted without return or recompense 【例】a gratuitous ticket 免费的门票 【近】 free, complimentary, unearned, voluntary 【反】 merited 应得的 【考法3】adj. 多余的： not needed by the circumstances or to accomplish an end 【近】 dispensable, inessential, needless, redundant, superfluous, surplus 【反】 critical, essential, pivotal, vital 关键的 【派】 gratuity n.报酬，小费

inimitable

【考法1】adj. 无法仿效的，独特的： not capable of being imitated 【例】 her own inimitable style 她特立独行的作风 【近】 incomparable, matchless, peerless, unique, unparalleled 【反】 commonplace, ordinary 平凡的 【派】 inimitability n. 独特性

impotent

【考法1】adj. 无生育能力的： unable to produce fruit or offspring 【例】Most mules are impotent. 绝大多数的骡子都无法生育 【近】 barren, fruitless, infertile, unfruitful 【反】 fecund, fertile, fruitful, productive高产的，硕果累累的 【考法2】adj. 无力的，无能的： lacking in power, strength, or vigor 【例】an impotent ruler who was just a figurehead 一个无能的傀儡统治者 【近】 hamstrung, handcuffed, helpless, impuissant, paralyzed, weak 【反】 mighty, potent, powerful, puissant, strong 强大的，有能力的

haphazard

【考法1】adj. 无秩序的，无目标的： marked by lack of plan, order, or direction 【例】 We were given a haphazard tour of the city. 我们进行了一次城市漫游。 【近】 aimless, arbitrary, desultory, erratic, scattered, stray 【反】 methodical, systematic, nonrandom, orderly, organized, regular 系统的

impeccable

【考法1】adj. 无罪的： free from sin, guilt or blame 【例】 the belief that there can be no such thing as an impeccable soul 不相信存在无罪的灵魂 【近】 blameless, clear, guiltless, inculpable, pure, sinless 【反】 guilty, sinful 有罪的 【考法2】adj. 无瑕的，无可挑剔的： free from fault or blame 【例】 She had impeccable taste in clothes. 她有着无可挑剔的穿衣品味 【近】 absolute, faultless, flawless, immaculate, indefectible, irreproachable, perfect, seamless, unblemished 【反】 amiss, defective, faulty, flawed, imperfect 有错误的，有误差的【记】 im 无 + peck 吹毛求疵；im peck 啄，woodpecker(啄木鸟)找有洞的树啄，无法啄的因为没有洞

incessant

【考法1】adj. 无间断的：continuing or following without interruption 【例】 The incessant noise from an outside repair crew was a real distraction during the test. 窗外维修工发出 的持续不断的噪音着实让人在考试里分心 【近】 ceaseless, continual, nonstop, perpetual, running, unbroken, unceasing, uninterrupted, unremitting 【反】 interrupted 中断的；discontinuous, intermittent 有间断的【记】 in 不+ cessant停止<br/>【另】 cessation 停止，cease 停止

gullible

【考法1】adj. 易受骗的，易被利用的： easily duped or cheated, readily taken advantage of 【例】 They sell overpriced souvenirs to gullible tourists. 他们卖高价纪念品给易上当的旅客们。 【近】 dewy-eyed, exploitable, naive, susceptible, unwary, wide-eyed

irascible

【考法1】adj. 易怒的： marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger 【例】The new boss is so irascible that several employees have resigned. 由于新老板太容易发飙，许多员工已经递交了辞呈 【近】 choleric, irritable, peevish, petulant 【反】 affable 和蔼的

germane

【考法1】adj. 有关的，适当的： being at once relevant and appropriate 【例】details not germane to the discussion 与讨论无关的细节 【近】 applicable, apropos, apposite, pertinent, relevant 【反】 extraneous, irrelevant 无关的；inappropriate 不适当的 garment n. clothing

genteel

【考法1】adj. 有教养的，不粗俗的： free from vulgarity or rudeness 【例】Her genteel behaviors at the ball make others conjecture that she must come from a distinguished noble family. 舞会上她极有教养的举止让他人纷纷猜测她一定来自名门望族 【近】 courteous, decent, decorous, mannerly, polite, polished, respectable, urbane, couth, cultured, refined 【反】 churlish 粗暴的；loutish 蠢笨的

immature

【考法1】adj. 未完全发展的，未发育成熟的： lacking complete growth, differentiation, or development 【例】immature frogs are called "tadpoles" 为发育成熟的青蛙被称为"蝌蚪" 【近】 adolescent, juvenile, youngish, youthful 【考法2】adj. （思维、举止）不够成熟的： lacking in adult experience or maturity 【例】Many high school students are still too immature to foresee the consequences of their actions. 很多高中生还是不够成熟，不能意识到他们的行为所带来的后果 【近】 green, inexperienced, puerile, raw, unfledged, unripe 【反】 adult, experienced, mature, ripe 成年的，成熟的

irate

【考法1】adj. 极其愤怒的： extremely angry 【例】an irate taxpayer 极为愤怒的纳税人 【近】 aggravated, apoplectic, choleric, enraged, exasperated, infuriated, ireful, mad, wrathful 【反】 calm, halcyon 平静的；delighted, pleased 高兴的，满意的

hoary

【考法1】adj. 极老的： extremely old 【例】 hoary legends 上古的传说故事 【近】 aged, antique, dateless, immemorial, antediluvian 【反】 modern, new, recent 新的

hidebound

【考法1】adj. 死板的，极度保守的： tending to favor established ideas, conditions, or institutions 【例】 the hidebound innkeeper refused to see the need for a Web site 死板的酒馆老板坚决不肯装宽带 【近】 archconservative, brassbound, die-hard, old-fashioned, standpat, ultraconservative 【反】 broad-minded, large-minded, liberal, nonconservative, nonconventional, nonorthodox, nontraditional, open-minded, progressive 进步的，开放包容的

hermetic

【考法1】adj. 深奥的： relating to or characterized by occultism or abstruseness 【例】 wrote hermetic poetry 写晦涩难懂的诗歌 【近】abstruse, arcane, esoteric, recondite 【反】 easily comprehended, shallow, superficial容易理解的，肤浅的 hermit: n. a person who lives in a simple way apart from others especially for religious reasons.

imperious

【考法1】adj. 爱发号施令的： fond of ordering people around 【例】 an imperious little boy who liked to tell the other scouts what to do 一个爱发号施令的小男孩，总是喜欢指挥别的童子军做事 【近】 authoritarian, autocratic, despotic, dictatorial, domineering, masterful, tyrannical 【考法2】adj. 傲慢的，专横的： arrogantly domineering or overbearing 【例】 an imperious movie star who thinks she's some sort of goddess 一个把自己当成某种女神的傲慢的影星 【近】 arrogant, bumptious, haughty, lofty, lordly, peremptory, pompous, presumptuous, supercilious, superior 【反】 humble, lowly, modest 谦逊的 【考法3】adj. 迫切的： intensely compelling 【例】 As war casualties mounted, the need for trained nurses became imperious. 随着战争伤亡人数的攀升，对于受训护士的需求变得愈发迫切 【近】 clamant, compelling, critical, crying, dire, emergent, exigent, imperative, importunate, pressing, urgent 【反】 noncritical, unimportant 不重要的

gregarious

【考法1】adj. 爱社交的：likely to seek or enjoy the company of others 【近】 convivial, extroverted, genial, outgoing, sociable, outgoing 【反】 aloof 疏远的；antisocial 不合群的；introverted, reclusive 内向的 【考法2】adj. 群居的： tending to group with others of the same kind 【例】ecologically define human as gregarious carnivore 从生态学上将人类定义为群居类肉食动物 【近】 social 【反】 solitary 独自的

jaded

【考法1】adj. 疲惫的： depleted in strength, energy, or freshness 【例】 After that long bar exam, I'm too jaded for anything but a nap. 律师资格考试结束后，我累得只想睡觉 【近】drained, exhausted, fatigued, prostrate, spent, wearied, worn-out 【考法2】adj. 厌倦的，没兴趣没热情的： having one's patience, interest, or pleasure exhausted 【例】 Even jaded sci-fi fans are finding this new space adventure fresh and exciting.即使是见多识广、口味很挑的科幻小说忠粉也觉得这次的太空探险非常新鲜有趣 【近】 bored, tired, wearied, fed up 【反】 absorbed, engaged, engrossed, interested, intrigued, rapt 有兴趣的

hamhanded

【考法1】adj. 笨手笨脚的： lacking dexterity or grace 【例】 too ham-handed to use one of those tiny cell phones 手指太不灵活了，用不了那种迷你型手机 【近】 awkward, handless, heavy-handed, maladroit, unhandy 【反】 deft, dexterous, handy, sure-handed, adroit 敏捷的

gauche

【考法1】adj. 笨拙的，缺乏社交经验的： lacking social experience or grace 【例】It would be gauche to mention the subject. 提到这个话题是很无礼的 【近】 awkward, clumsy, crude, inept, maladroit, rustic, tactless 【反】 graceful 优雅的；polished, refined, urbane 有教养的 【派】 gaucheness n. 笨拙

harsh

【考法1】adj. 粗糙的，不具有美感的： unpleasantly coarse and rough to the touch, disagreeable to one's aesthetic or artistic sense 【例】 the harsh lighting in the cafeteria makes the food look slightly off-color 咖啡厅劣质刺眼的灯光让食物看起来卖相不佳 【近】 grating, grotesque, jarring, unaesthetic 【反】 soft, aesthetic 柔和的，有美感的 【考法2】adj. 严厉的： unduly exacting, given to exacting standards of discipline and self-restraint 【例】 a harsh judge when it comes to drug users and especially drug dealers 对于瘾君子特别是毒贩处罚格外严厉的法官 【近】 afflicting, agonizing, cruel, excruciating, galling, grievous, harrowing 【反】 clement, forbearing, gentle, indulgent, lax, lenient, tolerant 温和的，宽松的

motile

【考法1】adj. 能动的：exhibiting or capable of movement 【例】Aircraft carriers are recognized as a motile combat platform. 航空母舰是一种移动作战平台 【近】mobile, movable, portable, transportable 【反】immobile 不可移动的 【派】motility n. 可运动性

grandiose

【考法1】adj. 自命不凡的： characterized by feigned or affected grandeur 【例】grandiose words 自命不凡的话语 【近】 extravagant, flamboyant, pompous, pretentious 【反】 humble 谦逊的 【考法2】adj. 宏大的： characterized by greatness of scope or intent 【例】a grandiose hydroelectric project宏伟的水利工程 【近】 august, glorious, grand, imposing, magnificent, monumental, splendid 【反】 trivial 微不足道的；humble, unimposing, unimpressive 平凡的 【派】 grandiosity n. 自命不凡

gallant

【考法1】adj. 英勇的： brave, spirited; nobly chivalrous and often self-sacrificing 【例】Gallant paratroopers jumped out of the plane without hesitation. 英勇的伞兵们毫不犹豫地跳出了飞机 【近】 bold, courageous, dauntless, heroic, stouthearted, valorous 【反】 craven, pusillanimous 胆小的 【考法2】adj. 高贵的，慷慨的： having, characterized by, or arising from a dignified and generous nature 【例】The members of that service club are known for their gallant service to the community. 那个服务社的成员因为他们对社区的慷慨贡献而为人所知 【近】 chivalrous, elevated, loft, magnanimous, sublime 【反】 base, debased, degenerate, ignoble 卑鄙的 【派】 gallantly adv. 英勇地

hypocritical

【考法1】adj. 虚伪的： not being or expressing what one appears to be or express 【例】It's hypocritical to say mean things behind someone's back, and then to act nice when you want something from her. 这种在背后说别人坏话、而有求于人时又装出另一副样子的人就是虚伪 【近】 artificial, backhanded, feigned, mealy-mouthed, phony, pretended, unctuous 【反】 artless, candid, genuine, honest, sincere, undesigning, unfeigned 真诚的，诚实的 【派】 hypocrite n. 虚伪的人，伪君子

humble

【考法1】adj. 谦逊的： marked by meekness or modesty in behavior, attitude, or spirit; not arrogant or prideful 【例】 a medical scientist who remained remarkably humble even after winning the Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖之后仍然保持谦逊的医学家 【近】 modest, unassuming, unpretentious, demure, down-to-earth 【反】 arrogant, bumptious, conceited, egotistic, haughty, high-and-mighty, imperious, lordly, overweening, peremptory, pompous, presuming, presumptuous, pretentious, self-assertive, supercilious, superior, toplofty, uppish, uppity 傲慢的 【考法2】adj. 顺从的，谦卑的： showing, expressing, or offered in a spirit of humility or unseemly submissiveness 【例】 please accept my humble thanks 请接受我的卑微的感谢 【近】 base, humble, menial, servile, slavish

fussy

【考法1】adj. 谨慎的： taking, showing, or involving great care and effort 【例】a fussy actuarial problem 需要谨慎处理的保险计算问题 【近】 careful, exact, meticulous, punctilious 【反】 careless 粗心大意的 【考法2】adj.过分雕琢的： elaborately and often excessively decorated 【例】The room, with its rococo furniture and its overabundance of knickknacks, is just too fussy for my taste. 这房间里洛可可式的家具和过量的小饰品，让我觉得装修得有点过分以至于无法接受 【近】 bedizened, florid 【反】 austere, plain, stark 朴素的，朴实无华的 【考法3】adj. 挑剔的： hard to please 【例】It is widely known that cats are fussy eaters. 众所周知猫对食物很挑剔 【近】 choosy, delicate, demanding, exacting, fastidious, nice, particular, persnickety, picky 【反】 undemanding, unfussy 不挑剔的

needy

【考法1】adj. 贫困的：being in need; impoverished, poor 【例】As a child, she was extremely needy and had no self-confidence. 她是一个非常贫穷的小孩，因此缺乏自信 【近】destitute, impecunious, impoverished, indigent, penurious, poor, threadbare 【反】affluent, opulent, wealthy 富有的

impecunious

【考法1】adj. 贫穷的： having very little or no money 【例】 They were so impecunious that they couldn't afford to give one another even token Christmas gifts. 他们穷到了连象征性的圣诞礼物都互送不起的地步 【近】 beggared, destitute, impoverished, indigent, necessitous, needy, penniless, penurious, threadbare 【反】 affluent, flush, opulent, rich, wealthy 富有的

indigent

【考法1】adj. 贫穷的： lacking money or material possessions 【例】 indigent people who require some outside assistance 需要外来援助的贫苦人民 【近】 beggared, destitute, impecunious, impoverished, necessitous, needy, penniless, penurious, threadbare 【反】 affluent, opulent, rich, wealthy 富裕的 【派】 indigence n. 贫穷

grueling

【考法1】adj. 费时间花心思的： requiring much time, effort, or careful attention 【例】 cutting diamonds can be grueling work 切割钻石是项劳神的活儿 【近】 arduous, burdensome, laborious, onerous, taxing, toilsome 【反】 effortless, light, unchallenging, undemanding, undemanding, facile 不费力气的 gruesome adj. 令人毛骨悚然的

jaunty

【考法1】adj. 轻快的，活泼的： sprightly in manner or appearance: lively 【例】 a jaunty stroll 轻快的散步 【近】animate, brisk, energetic, frisky, perky, racy, spirited, vivacious 【反】 staid, dead, inactive, inanimate, lackadaisical, languid, languishing, leaden, limp, listless, spiritless, vapid 无生气的

giddy

【考法1】adj. 轻浮不严肃的： lacking in seriousness or maturity 【例】teach a bunch of giddy Girl Scouts how to make a fire 教一群漫不经心的女童子军如何生火 【近】 flighty, frivolous, frothy 【反】 grave, serious 严肃的；earnest 认真的 【考法2】adj. 喜悦的： joyfully elated 【例】 He's clearly giddy at the news that his ailing grandfather will be fine. 听到他祖父的病将无大恙，他的喜悦之情溢于言表 【近】 elated, elevated, euphoric, exhilarated, exultant, intoxicated, rapturous 【反】 depressed, melancholy 忧郁的

hasty

【考法1】adj. 轻率的： fast and typically superficial; acting or done with excessive or careless speed 【例】 a hasty decision 轻率的决定 【近】 cursory, headlong, precipitate, rash, rushed, pell-mell 【反】 deliberate, well considered, unhurried, unrushed 深思熟虑的，不慌不忙的

garish

【考法1】adj. 过于鲜艳的，过于张扬的： marked by strident color or excessive ornamentation 【例】With garish makeup on, she looks exceedingly frivolous. 浓妆艳抹之下的她显得格外轻佻 【近】 gaudy, blatant, brazen, flamboyant, glaring, ostentatious 【反】 dim, gloomy, murky, somber黯淡的；conservative, quiet 不张扬的

fusty

【考法1】adj. 过时的： rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary 【例】fusty old carpets 过时的旧地毯 【近】 antiquated, archaic, bygone, moldy, outdated 【考法2】adj. 腐臭的： saturated with dust and stale odors 【例】the fusty odor of a damp cellar 潮湿的地下室里的腐臭味道 【近】 malodorous, fetid, musty, noisome, smelly, stale 【反】ambrosial, aromatic, fragrant, perfumed, redolent, savory, scented, sweet 有香味的，芳香的 【记】 音：腐尸体；音：浮 + dust 飘着灰尘<br/>

moth-eaten

【考法1】adj. 过时的：having passed its time of use or usefulness 【例】dressed in a moth-eaten style 过时的衣着 【近】 antiquated, archaic, dated, fossilized, moribund, outdated, outworn, rusty 【反】fresh, new 崭新的；promising 充满希望的

hackneyed

【考法1】adj. 陈腐的，缺乏创新的： lacking in freshness or originality 【例】 hackneyed slogans 老掉牙的口号 【近】 banal, cliché, commonplace, hack, threadbare, trite, well-worn, stereotyped 【反】 fresh, offbeat, original, novel 新鲜的

grotesque

【考法1】adj. 难看的： unpleasant to look at 【例】 that bloody Halloween mask is grotesque 那个血腥的万圣节面具丑死了 【近】 hideous, homely, ill-favored, monstrous, unappealing, unattractive, uncomely, unsightly 【反】 aesthetic, attractive, beautiful, bonny, comely, fetching, gorgeous, knockout, ravishing, seemly, sightly, stunning, taking, well-favored 悦目的，吸引人的

immaterial

【考法1】adj. 非实体的： not composed of matter 【例】 It is only possible to study immaterial forces like gravity by observing their effects on the physical world. 要研究那些非实体的作用力——例如万有引力，只能观察它们对于现实世界的影响 【近】 ethereal, formless, incorporeal, insubstantial, nonmaterial, spiritual 【反】 bodily, corporeal, material, physical, substantial 实体的 【考法2】adj. 无关的，不重要的： of no importance or relevance 【例】 While undoubtedly upsetting, that story is immaterial to the question of why you are late. 尽管那个故事的确很让人遗憾，但是和你为什么迟到没有半点关系 【近】 extraneous, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelevant 【反】 applicable, apposite, apropos, germane, pertinent, relevant 相关的；crucial, important, significant 重要的

hideous

【考法1】adj. 非常丑陋的： exceedingly ugly 【例】 wearing a hideous Halloween mask that made the kids all jump with fright戴着一个丑陋的万圣节面具把小孩子全都吓跑了 【近】homely, ill-favored, monstrous, uncomely, unsightly 【反】 pulchritudinous, aesthetic, attractive, comely, gorgeous, handsome, knockout, ravishing, seemly, stunning, taking, well-favored 美丽的，有吸引力的 【派】 hideousness 丑陋 【反】 affinity 吸引力

ironclad

【考法1】adj. 非常坚固的，坚不可摧的： so firm or secure as to be unbreakable 【例】pride on their ironclad fleet 对他们坚不可摧的舰队感到自豪 【近】 firm, invulnerable, secure, sound, tenacious, tough 【反】 fragile 脆弱的

hilarious

【考法1】adj. 非常好笑的： marked by or causing hilarity: extremely funny 【例】 hilarious cartoons that the whole family can enjoy 适合全家观看的搞笑动画片 【近】 hysterical, ludicrous, ridiculous, screaming, sidesplitting, uproarious 【反】 humorless, lame, unamusing, uncomic, unfunny 不好笑的

heterodox

【考法1】adj. 非正统的，异端的： holding unorthodox opinions or doctrines, not rigidly following established form, custom, or rules 【例】 her heterodox approach to teaching science initially met with some resistance from her peers 她对于教学的一些非正统方法最开始受到了同辈的抵触 【近】 dissenting, out-there, unconventional, unorthodox 【反】 conforming, conventional, orthodox, regular, routine 正常的，正统的

hard-bitten

【考法1】adj. 顽强的，经受的住困境、压力的： able to withstand hardship, strain, or exposure 【例】 hard-bitten Chinese people could endure both the scorching heat and the freezing cold 坚强勇敢的中国人民既能受得住酷暑，又能受得住严寒 【近】 hardened, sturdy, tough, cast-iron, inured, rugged, stout, vigorous, hardy 【反】 delicate, nonhardy, soft, tender, weak柔弱的

hardy

【考法1】adj. 顽强的： able to withstand hardship, strain, or exposure 【例】 chrysanthemums are hardy enough to survive a light frost 菊花能够经受霜打 【近】hardened, sturdy, tough, cast-iron, inured, rugged, stout, vigorous, hard-bitten 【反】 delicate, nonhardy, soft, tender, weak 柔弱的 【考法2】adj. 愿意冒风险的： inclined or willing to take risks 【例】 hardy souls who pioneered new paths into outer space 那些愿意冒险探索外太空的先驱们 【近】 adventurous, audacious, daring, dashing, emboldened, enterprising, gutsy, venturous 【反】 unadventurous, unenterprising 没有冒险精神的

gloomy

【考法1】adj. 黯淡无光的： being without light or without much light 【近】 black, dark, dim, dimmed, murky, obscure, stygian, pitch-dark 【反】 bright, luminous, lucent, lucid 明亮的 【考法2】adj. 忧郁的： low in spirits 【例】feel gloomy about future career 就未来的职业生涯倍感忧心 【近】 sullen, dejected, dour, melancholy, morose, saturnine, surly 【反】 frothy 欢乐轻挑的；buoyant, cheerful, jubilant 高兴的

hortative

【考法1】adj. 鼓励的： giving exhortation【记】 heart 用心来建议；音：嚎啕，嚎啕大哭时要激励与鼓励<br/>【另】 exhort 力劝,勉励

husky

【考法1】adj. （尤指声音）沙哑的，粗糙的： hoarse or rough in quality 【例】a voice husky with emotion 富有感情的沙哑声音 【近】 coarse, grating, gravelly, harsh, rasping, rusty, scratchy, throaty 【反】 mellifluous （声音）甜蜜的，甜美的 【考法2】adj. 高大威猛的： big and muscular 【例】a very husky young man, built like a football player 一个体格像橄榄球运动员一样的高大的男孩 【近】 beefy, burly, hefty, muscular, powerful, strapping, rugged 【反】 dwarf矮小的

irreducible

【考法1】adj. （数）不可约分的： incapable of being factored into polynomials of lower degree with coefficients in some given field (as the rational numbers) or integral domain (as the integers) 【例】irreducible integrals 质数 【反】 factorable可约分的

grandiloquent

【考法1】adj. （语言等）浮夸的： a lofty, extravagantly colorful, pompous, or bombastic style, manner, or quality especially in language 【例】feel disgusted with his grandiloquent speech 对他浮夸的演讲表示厌恶 【近】 rhetorical, bombastic, inflated, magniloquent, pretentious 【反】 secretive 低调的，隐秘的；simple 简单的 【派】 grandiloquence n. 夸张的话语

impious

【考法1】adj.不敬神的： lacking reverence for holy or sacred matters 【例】 made impious remarks about the church 对教会做出不敬的评论 【近】 blasphemous, irreverent, profane, sacrilegious 【反】 pious虔诚的；reverent 敬神的 【派】 impiety n. （对神的）不敬

hypnotic

【考法1】adj.催眠的： tending to cause sleep 【例】 Her eyes soon grew heavy from the hypnotic rhythm of the train's wheels.伴随着催眠的铁轨声，她很快就有了睡意 【近】 drowsy, narcotic, opiate, sleepy, slumberous, soporific 【反】 stimulating 刺激性的；refreshing 使人精神焕发的 hypnosis 催眠

imperturbable

【考法1】adj.沉着冷静的，淡定的： marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness 【例】 The chef was absolutely imperturbable—even when the kitchen caught on fire. 这个厨师可谓淡定到了极致——他连厨房着火的时候都依然沉着 【近】 collected, composed, cool, disimpassioned, nonchalant, unflappable, unruffled 【反】 choleric, touchy 暴躁的，易怒的

predilection

【考法1】n. a partiality or disposition in favor of something 【例】a predilection for travel 热爱旅行 【近】affection, affinity, bias, disposition, inclination, leaning, penchant, predisposition, propensity, tendency 【反】 aversion, loathing, nausea, repugnance, repulsion, revulsion 反感

imperative

【考法1】n. a statement of what to do that must be obeyed by those concerned 【例】 a secretary of defense who was fond of issuing harshly worded imperatives 一个很喜欢发布措辞严厉的命令的国防部长 【近】 command, decree, dictate, direction, directive, instruction, order, word 【考法2】adj. 命令的，强制性的：forcing one's compliance or participation by or as if by law 【例】 requests that grew more and more imperative 命令性越来越强的请求 【近】 compulsory, forced, involuntary, obligatory, peremptory, required 【反】 optional 可选择的；voluntary 志愿性的 【考法3】adj. 迫切的： needing immediate attention 【例】 an imperative need for medical supplies in the earthquake-ravaged country 地震灾区国家对于医疗物资的迫切需求 【近】 clamant, compelling, critical, crying, emergent, exigent, imperious, importunate, pressing, urgent 【反】 noncritical, unimportant 不重要的 【考法4】adj. 必要的： impossible to do without 【例】 Proper equipment is imperative for the success of this chemical experiment. 合适的仪器是这个化学实验成功必不可少的条件 【近】 indispensable, necessary, necessitous, requisite, vital 【反】 dispensable, inessential, needless, unnecessary 非必须的

interim

【考法1】n. 中间过渡时期，间隔： an interval of time between one event, process, or period and another 【例】 Richard Wagner's operas usually require an interim of more than 30 minutes for performers to have a break. 理查德·瓦格纳的歌剧通常需要长达30 多分钟的幕间休息时间以供演员调整 【近】 breach, break, gap, interruption, interval, interlude, parenthesis 【反】 continuation, continuity 持续 【考法2】adj. 暂时的： serving in a position for the time being 【例】 an interim government to maintain social stability 维持社会稳定的临时政府 【近】 acting, provisional, temporary 【反】 eternal, permanent永恒的

hedonism

【考法1】n. 享乐主义： the doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the sole or chief good in life 【例】 their spring break trip to Mexico became an exercise in heedless hedonism 他们春季的墨西哥之行成为了一次未加注意的享乐之旅 【近】 carnality, debauchery, sybaritism, voluptuousness 【反】 abstinence, asceticism, sobriety, temperance 禁欲，节制

irk

【考法1】n. 令人烦恼的事物： something that is a source of irritation 【例】 One of the prof's major irks is a cell phone that rings during a lecture.课堂上突然响起的手机铃声是最让教授火大的事情之一 【近】 aggravation, bother, exasperation, frustration, headache, irritant, nuisance, vexation 【考法2】v. 使烦恼，使厌倦： to be irritating, wearisome, or vexing to 【例】 She irked her friends by chewing her gum loudly during the movie. 她因为看电影时嚼口香糖弄出声响而惹怒了她的朋友们 【近】 annoy, bother, fret, gall, provoke, ruffle, vex 【反】 appease, assuage, pacify, placate, propitiate, soothe 安抚，平息 【派】 irksome adj. 令人厌烦的

imitation

【考法1】n. 仿制品： something that is made to look exactly like something else 【例】 usually wore imitations of her costly jewels 通常只戴她那些贵重珠宝的复刻品 【近】 clone, copy, dupe, duplication, facsimile, mock, reduplication, replica, replication, reproduction 【反】archetype, original, prototype 原型 【派】 imitating adj. 仿制的

hallmark

【考法1】n. 典型的特征： a conspicuous feature or characteristic 【例】 the dramatic flourishes are the hallmark of the trial lawyer 一头夸张的假发是辩护律师的标志装扮 【近】 ensign, impresa, logo, symbol, totem, trademark 【反】 uncharacteristic feature不典型的特征

impostor

【考法1】n. 冒充者： one that assumes false identity or title for the purpose of deception 【例】 The man who claimed to be a prince turned out to be an impostor. 那个自称是王子的人原来是冒充的 【近】 charlatan, fake, fraud, hoaxer, mountebank, phony, pretender, quack, sham

homily

【考法1】n. 冗长乏味的道德讲演或训诫： an idea or expression that has been used by many people 【例】 a TV movie filled with the usual hokey homilies about people triumphing over life's adversities 一档说教性质的、充满了介绍逆境中的人们如何成就自我的电视节目 【近】 banality, bromide, chestnut, cliché, groaner, platitude, shibboleth

gadfly

【考法1】n. 刺激物： one that acts as a provocative stimulus 【近】 goad, impetus, impulse, incentive, irritant, spur, stimulus 【反】 balm 安抚，慰藉 【考法2】n. 令人反感的人： a person who stimulates or annoys especially by persistent criticism 【例】 a tactless gadfly during post-game interviews with the losing team 在赛后采访败北方时一个令人讨厌的不懂人情世故的人 【近】 annoyer, bother, persecutor, teaser, pest

impromptu

【考法1】n. 即席的表演： something, such as a speech, that is made or done extemporaneously 【近】 improvisation, extemporization 【考法2】adj. 即席的，即兴的：composedwithout previous preparation 【例】 Our dinner guest thanked us with an impromptu song. 客人们即兴高歌一首以表达谢意 【近】 ad-lib, extemporary, improvised, offhand, unplanned, unpremeditated, unprepared, unrehearsed 【反】 considered, planned, premeditated, prepared, rehearsed 事先有所准备的

imbroglio

【考法1】n. 困境，复杂的局面： an intricate or complicated situation 【例】 What investor would willingly become involved in this imbroglio? 怎样的投资者才会像这样明知山有虎，偏向虎山行呢？ 【近】 complexity, complication, embarrassment, entanglement, involvement, misunderstanding, quandary 【考法2】n. 纷争： an often noisy or angry expression of differing opinions 【例】 an imbroglio involving some big names in the entertainment industry 一场涉及娱乐圈数位明星的纷争 【近】 altercation, controversy, disagreement, dispute, fight, quarrel, squabble, wrangle 【反】 harmony 和谐

hodgepodge

【考法1】n. 大杂烩： a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble 【例】 a hodgepodge of styles 混搭风格|| the exhibit was a hodgepodge of mediocre art, bad art, and really bad art 整场展览就是中庸、烂和非常烂的艺术作品的大杂烩 【近】 agglomeration, assortment, collage, medley, mishmash, pastiche, potpourri

havoc

【考法1】n. 大混乱： a state in which everything is out of order 【例】 the blackout caused havoc in the city 断电造成了城市一片混乱 【近】 disarrangement, disarray, dishevelment, muddle, muss, tumble, welter 【反】 order, orderliness 有序 【考法2】n. 大范围破坏： the state or fact of being rendered nonexistent, physically unsound, or useless 【例】 the powerful hurricane wreaked havoc all along the coast 威力巨大的飓风摧毁着沿岸的一切 【近】annihilation, decimation, demolishment, desolation, devastation, extermination, extinction, obliteration, ruin, wreckage 【反】 building, construction, erection, raising 建设

hyperbole

【考法1】n. 夸张： a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect 【例】 The debate was carried on with increasing rhetorical hyperbole. 随着辩论的进行，双方修辞当中的夸张越来越多 【近】 coloring, embellishment, embroidering, exaggeration, magnification, overstatement 【反】 understatement 有节制的陈述

haven

【考法1】n. 安全的地方： a place of safety 【例】 a haven for artists 艺术家们的圣地 【近】 asylum, harbor, refuge, retreat, sanctuary 【反】 unsafe place, dangerous place 不安全的地方

homage

【考法1】n. 尊敬，敬意： expression of high regard: respect 【例】Homage to Catalonia 向加泰罗尼亚致敬 【近】commendation, eulogy, hymn, paean, panegyric, salutation, tribute, dithyramb 【反】 disrespect 不尊敬

pittance

【考法1】n. 少量津贴：a small portion, amount, or allowance 【例】 The internship offers only a pittance for a salary, but it is a great opportunity to gain experience. 实习所 能挣到的报酬是很少的，但是它提供了获得经验的绝佳机会。 【近】 bit, mite, modicum, peanuts, trace 【反】 cornucopia, opulence 富饶；boodle, bundle, fortune 大笔财富 pity + ounce 可怜的一盎司，很少，每月只挣一盎司银子

gorge

【考法1】n. 峡谷： a narrow steep-walled canyon or part of a canyon 【例】Wenchuan earthquake is said to have no detrimental effect on Three-Gorge dam. 汶川地震据称对三峡大坝没有破坏性影响 【近】 gap, gulch, notch, ravine 【考法2】vi. 狼吞虎咽： to eat greedily or to repletion 【例】gorge himself at the party 在聚会上狼吞虎咽 【近】 cram, devour, gobble, guzzle, loaf, quaff, sate, swill 【反】 nibble 小口咬 【派】 gorgeous adj. 壮观的

implement

【考法1】n. 工具： a device used in the performance of a task 【例】 gardening implements such as hoes, spades, and pruners 诸如锄头、铲子和修枝剪一类的园艺工具 【近】 apparatus, device, instrument, tool, utensil 【考法2】v. 执行，实施： to put into practical effect; carry out 【例】 implement the new online application procedures 实行新的网申程序 【近】 administer, apply, effect, enforce, execute, invoke, perform 【反】 cancel, repeal, rescind, revoke 撤销 【派】 implementation n. 执行，履行

humor

【考法1】n. 幽默，令人发笑的事物： something that is or is designed to be comical or amusing 【例】 The speech is full of wit and humor. 演讲妙趣横生 【近】 comedy, comic, drollery, drollness, funniness, hilariousness 【反】 pathos 令人伤感的事物 【考法2】v. 迎合，迁就： to comply with the wishes or ideas of 【例】 Parents need to know how to humor kids when they are upset. 父母需要知道当孩子烦躁的时候怎么哄孩子 【近】 cater, gratify, indulge

heresy

【考法1】n. 异教，和普遍观点相悖： a controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, departure from a generally accepted theory, opinion, or practice 【例】 the heresy of asserting that Shakespeare was not a great writer 声称莎士比亚不是伟大作家的非主流观点 【近】 dissent, dissidence, heterodoxy, nonconformity 【反】 dogma, conformity, orthodoxy 正教

hive

【考法1】n. 忙碌之地： a place swarming with activity 【例】 The house was a hive of activity as we prepared for the party. 我们筹备派对时，房子里很是熙熙攘攘。 【考法2】v. 储备，积累： to store up; accumulate

idyll

【考法1】n. 无忧无虑的生活： a carefree episode or experience 【例】a summer idyll on the coast of the Mediterranean 地中海岸的悠闲夏日 【近】 frisk, frolic, gambol, revel, lark

illuminati

【考法1】n. 智者： persons who claim to be unusually enlightened 【近】 clerisy, intellectual, intelligentsia, literati 【反】 fool, dolt, dullard, idiot, simpleton 傻子 【考法2】n. 精英： individuals carefully selected as being the best of a class 【例】 a book launching party to which only New York's cultural illuminati were invited 一个只邀请了纽约上层文化精英的新书发布会 【近】 aristocracy, elite, upper crust

hybrid

【考法1】n. 杂交品种，混合品种： something of mixed origin or composition 【例】 a hybrid of medieval and Renaissance styles 中世纪和文艺复兴的混搭风 【近】 amalgam, bastard, compound, mixture, mule 【考法2】adj. 杂交的： being offspring produced by parents of different races, breeds, species, or genera 【例】 a hybrid rose called "American Beauty" 一种被称为"美国丽人"的杂交玫瑰 【近】 crossbred, mongrel 【反】 purebred 纯种的

gasification

【考法1】n. 气化： conversion into gas 【例】gasification of coals 煤的气化 【近】 evaporation, sublimation 【反】 solidification 固化；liquefaction 液化 【派】 gasify v. 气化

gauge

【考法1】n. 测量标准： a measurement (as of linear dimension) according to some standard or system 【例】polls as a gauge of voter satisfaction 用以衡量选民满意度的选票结果 【近】 standard, benchmark, criterion, measure, touchstone, yardstick 【考法2】vt. 判定： to determine the capacity or contents of 【例】It is hard to gauge his mood. 要判断他的情绪很困难 【近】 assess, determine, evaluate, figure, measure, scale gorge n.

guile

【考法1】n. 狡猾，狡诈： the inclination or practice of misleading others through lies or trickery 【例】 a person so full of guile he can't even be trusted to give you the correct time of day他这个人狡诈成性，说的话都不足为信 【近】 artfulness, canniness, craft, cunningness, deviousness, slyness, subtleness, wiliness 【反】 artlessness, forthrightness, ingenuousness, sincerity朴实 【派】guileless adj. 朴实的：free of guile; artless 【反】 manipulative 操纵的

monologue

【考法1】n. 独白：a dramatic sketch performed by one actor 【例】deliver a tedious monologue 做了一个冗长的独白 【近】soliloquy, solo, speech 【反】dialogue 对话

gash

【考法1】n. 砍得很深的伤口： a long deep cut 【例】got a gash in his knee that required four stitches 膝盖伤得很深，需要缝针 【近】 incision, laceration, rent, rip, tear 【考法2】v. 砍： to make a gash in 【例】 Her face had been gashed by the rocks as she tumbled down the embankment. 当她从堤岸上摔下来时脸上被刮了一道口 【近】 cut, incision, piercing, slash, slice, slit 【反】 sew 缝合

ignominy

【考法1】n. 耻辱： the state of having lost the esteem of others 【例】He spent the remainder of his life in ignominy after being involved in a bribery scandal. 因为卷入了受贿丑闻当中，他在耻辱中度过余生 【近】 discredit, disesteem, dishonor, disrepute, infamy, obloquy, odium, opprobrium, reproach, shame 【反】 glory, honor 荣耀；esteem, respect 敬意 【派】 ignominious adj. 可鄙的

guilt

【考法1】n. 自责，悔恨： a feeling of responsibility for wrongdoing 【例】 he was wracked with guilt after he accidentally broke his sister's antique grandfather clock 【近】 contrition, penitence, remorse, repentance, self-reproach, shame 【反】 impenitence, remorselessness 无罪

hovel

【考法1】n. 茅屋： a small, wretched, and often dirty house 【近】 cabin, camp, hooch, hut, hutch, hutment, shanty

gossamer

【考法1】n. 虚无飘渺的东西： something light, delicate, or insubstantial 【例】the gossamer of youth's dreams 年少时飘渺的梦想 【近】 ether, delicacy 【反】 substance, entity 实体 【考法2】adj. 轻薄的： extremely light, delicate, or tenuous 【例】a gossamer explanation 站不住脚的解释 【近】 diaphanous ,ethereal, filmy, light, insubstantial, tenuous 【反】 heavy, leaden, ponderous 沉重的

jargon

【考法1】n. 行业术语： the specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group 【例】 medical jargon that the layman cannot understand 外行不理解的医学术语 【近】 argot, cant, dialect, jive, lingo, patois

garment

【考法1】n. 衣服： an article of clothing 【例】pack all garments 给所有衣服打包 【近】 apparel, attire, costume, dress, suit

gist

【考法1】n. 要点： the main point or part 【例】the gist of the argument 论证的要点 【近】 core, essence, kernel, pivot, quintessence, substance 【反】 divergence 偏离主旨

humility

【考法1】n. 谦卑，谦逊： the absence of any feelings of being better than others 【例】 Haughtiness invites disaster; humility receives benefit. 满招损，谦受益 【近】 demureness, humbleness, lowliness, meekness, modesty 【反】 arrogance, assumption, bumptiousness, hauteur, pomposity, presumption, superciliousness傲慢，自大

glutton

【考法1】n. 贪吃者： a person who eats or consumes immoderate amounts of food and drink 【例】a glutton for work 工作狂 【近】 gorger, gourmand 【派】 gluttony n. 暴饮暴食

hymn

【考法1】n. 赞歌，赞美诗： a song of praise or joy 【例】 They sang a hymn of praise to God. 他们唱赞歌赞美上帝 【近】 eulogy, homage, hymn, ode, paean, panegyric, psalm, salutation, tribute 【反】 dirge, elegy 哀诗，挽歌 【考法2】v. 赞美： to proclaim the glory of 【例】 During the honeymoon following the inauguration, newspaper articles seemed to hymn the president's every move. 在上任后的"蜜月期"之中，报纸新闻似乎在赞美总统的每一项措施 【近】 bless, carol, celebrate, emblazon, exalt, extol, glorify, laud, magnify, resound 【反】 blame, censure, reprehend, reprobate 责难，职责

hallucination

【考法1】n. 错觉： a false idea or belief 【例】 the common hallucination that gluttony during the holiday season doesn't have consequences 【近】 chimera, daydream, delusion, fancy, figment, illusion 【反】 truth, verity

hack

【考法1】n. 雇佣文人： a writer who aims solely for commercial success 【考法2】vt. 乱砍： to cut or chop with repeated and irregular blows 【例】 hacking out new election districts 划分新的选区 【考法3】vt. 成功完成： to deal with (something) usually skillfully or efficiently 【例】 just couldn't hack the new job 无法搞定新工作 【近】 address, contend with, cope with, manage, maneuver, manipulate 【考法4】v. 忍受： to put up with (something painful or difficult) 【例】 she's not sure she can hack that miserable job much longer 她不知道还能忍受那项苦逼的工作多久 【近】 abide, bide, brook, countenance, endure, handle, stand, stomach, sustain, tolerate

hegemony

【考法1】n. 霸权，统治权： preponderant influence or authority over others 【例】battled for hegemony in Asia 争夺在亚洲地区的霸权地位 【近】ascendancy, dominance, dominion, predominance, preeminence 【反】 lack of authority 缺少权利音: 黑哥 money 黑道大哥抢钱，真是霸权

harbinger

【考法1】n. 预言者： one that presages or foreshadows what is to come 【例】 The October air stung my cheeks, a harbinger of winter. 十月的寒风凛冽地吹在脸上，这是冬天的预兆。 【近】 foregoer, herald, outrider, precursor

hurricane

【考法1】n. 飓风： a violent rotating storm or system of winds 【例】 The hurricane struck the coast early today. 飓风今晨袭击了海岸 【近】 storm, typhoon 【反】 calm 风平浪静 【考法2】n. 飓风般的事物，引起动荡的事物： something resembling a hurricane especially in its turmoil 【例】 economic news that unleashed a hurricane on the trading floor 在交易大厅掀起轩然大波的经济新闻 【近】 disturbance, furor, pandemonium, tumult, turmoil, uproar

grandeur

【考法1】n. 高尚，重要： nobility or greatness of character 【例】the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome 希腊的荣耀和罗马的辉煌 【近】 magnificence, augustness, brilliance, glory, majesty, nobility, resplendence, splendor 【反】 frivolousness 无关紧要 【派】 grand adj. 宏伟壮观的

jaundice

【考法1】n. （因嫉妒或厌世而产生的）偏见： to affect with the negativity or bitterness of jaundice; bias 【例】the jaundice in the eyes of the two feuding neighbors 两个有积怨的邻居之间的偏见 【近】 animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, gall, hostility, rancor 【反】 amity和睦，好感

issue

【考法1】n. （有争议的）话题，议题： a matter that is in dispute between two or more parties 【例】focused on economic and political issues 重点关注经济和政治话题 【近】 nut, problem, question 【考法2】vi. 发布（期刊等）： to produce and release for distribution in printed form 【例】plans to issue a monthly newsletter 计划发布新闻月刊 【近】 print 【考法3】vi. 流出： to go, come, or flow out 【例】strange sound issued from the abandoned house 废弃房中传来的奇怪声音 【近】 discharge, emit, exude, release, vent 【反】 withdraw 撤回

gaffe

【考法1】n. （社交上）失礼，失态： a social or diplomatic blunder 【例】A gaffe is when a politician tells the truth. —— Michael Kinsley 所谓出丑，就是政治家说真话的时候（迈克·金斯利） 【近】 impropriety, indecorum, indiscretion 【反】 decency, decorum, propriety 举止得体 【考法2】n. 明显的错误，错误判断： a blatant mistake or misjudgment 【例】 so-called debates, which were mainly about seeing which candidate made the most gaffes 所谓的辩论，其实主要就是看哪个选手犯了最多的错误 【近】 blunder, lapse, misstep, oversight

hoax

【考法1】n./v. 欺骗： to cause to believe what is untrue 【例】 a skilled forger who hoaxed the art world into believing that the paintings were long-lost Vermeers 一个老道的骗子成功让艺术界相信那些画作是遗失多年的维米尔的真迹 【近】 bamboozle, beguile, bluff, con, cozen, delude, dupe, fake out, gull, hoodwink, take in

glitch

【考法1】n.小故障： a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem 【例】postponement due to a glitch in a spacecraft's fuel cell 宇宙飞船燃料电池故障引起的推迟发射 【近】 bug, defect, fault, lapse, imperfection, peccadillo 【反】 fatal error 致命错误

husk

【考法1】n.（果类或谷物的）外壳： a usually dry or membranous outer covering (as a pod or one composed of bracts) of various seeds and fruits (as barley and corn) 【例】 a grey squirrel nibbling on a peanut husk 一个啃着花生壳的灰松鼠 【近】 bark, chaff, hull, shell 【反】core, kernel 核 【考法2】v. 剥去： to remove the natural covering of 【例】 the tedious task of husking coconuts 无聊的任务——剥花生 【近】 bark, flay, hull, shell, shuck, skin

hauteur

【考法1】n．傲慢，自大： haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance 【例】 he looked at her with the hauteur of someone who is accustomed to being instantly obeyed 他看着她，带着向来被顺从惯了的傲慢。 【近】 bumptiousness, imperiousness, peremptoriness, pomposity, presumptuousness, pretentiousness, superciliousness, superiority 【反】 humility, humbleness, modesty, unassumingness, unpretentiousness 谦虚

harry

【考法1】v. 不断烦扰，骚扰： to disturb or distress by or as if by repeated attacks; harass 【反】 comfort, mollify 安慰

groove

【考法1】v. 享受，极其满意，过得快活： to take pleasure in 【例】 thrill-seekers who groove on skiing will love snowboarding 那些乐在滑雪中的追求刺激的人们也会喜欢滑雪板的|| just sitting around, grooving on the music 随便坐坐，在音乐中享受一下 【近】 adore, fancy, savor, relish, get off on, rejoice in, revel in, delight in

homogenize

【考法1】v. 使统一化： to make agree with a single established standard or model 【例】 plans to homogenize the science curriculum in public high schools throughout the state计划将全州的公立高中的课程安排统一化 【近】 formalize, homogenize, normalize, regularize

gull

【考法1】v. 欺骗： to cause to believe what is untrue 【例】 we were gulled into believing that if we answered the e-mail, we'd somehow become millionaires, but instead we just got put on a list for junk mail 我们误以为只要回复了那封邮件，就能变身百万富翁，后来发现我们只不过是群发的垃圾邮件名单上的一员而已 【近】 bamboozle, beguile, cozen, delude, dupe, fake out, gaff, hoax, hoodwink, snooker, string along, take in 【反】 undeceive 使醒悟

hearken

【考法1】vi. 倾听，关注： to give respectful attention 【近】 attend, harken, heed, mind 【反】 ignore 不理睬

pontificate

【考法1】vi. 傲慢地做或说：to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way 【例】 pontificate to show a sense of superiority 傲慢地说以显示高人一等的优越感 【反】 condescend 屈尊，俯就 【派】 pontification n. 傲慢的言行；pontifical adj. 傲慢的 【记】 音：胖体肥口，(有些人)瞧他脑满肠肥昏庸的样子，还那么自以为是

hie

【考法1】vi. 匆匆忙忙： to go quickly, hasten 【例】 we had best hie home before the rain gets worse 我们最好在雨下大之前赶快回家 【近】bustle, dash, hustle, scoot, scurry, scuttle, shoot, trot 【反】 dawdle, crawl, creep, poke 闲荡，爬行

grovel

【考法1】vi. 卑躬屈膝： to draw back or crouch down in fearful submission 【例】 He made a groveling apology to the girl. 他放下身段，给那姑娘道歉。 【近】 cringe, creep, slither, wriggle 【派】groveler n. 卑躬屈膝者：the one who lies with the body prostrate in token of subservience or abasement

grin

【考法1】vi. 咧嘴笑： to express an emotion (as amusement) by curving the lips upward 【例】 The boss grinned his approval. 老板咧嘴一笑表示赞许。 【近】 beam 【反】 pout 噘嘴生气

jabber

【考法1】vi. 快而不清楚地说： to talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly 【例】 monkeys jabbering at each other in their cages 在笼子里唧唧歪歪的猴子 【近】babble, blabber, drivel, gabble, gibber, jabber, mumbo jumbo 【反】 speak slowly 慢慢地说

gambol

【考法1】vi. 欢跳，雀跃： to leap about playfully 【例】young lambs gamboling in the meadow 小羊羔在原野里欢快地跳跃 【近】 frolic, caper, cavort 【反】 plod, trudge 沉重缓慢地走

gloat

【考法1】vi. 自鸣得意： a feeling of great, often malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction 【例】gloat over his enemy's misfortune 为敌人的不幸而自鸣得意 【近】 crow, relish, triumph 【反】 mourn 哀悼

gamble

【考法1】vi. 赌博，孤注一掷： to bet on an uncertain outcome, as of a contest 【例】gambled on the train being late 赌火车晚点 【近】 bet, adventure, chance, risk, stake, venture 【考法2】vi. 使受到威胁： to place in danger 【例】You don't want to gamble with your life, so buckle up. 你不会想拿命来开玩笑的，所以系好安全带 【近】 compromise, hazard,

goldbrick

【考法1】vi. 逃避工作和责任： to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities 【例】goldbrick his duty as a citizen 逃避他作为公民的义务 【近】 idle, parry, parry, shirk, sidestep 【反】 dedicate, devote 致力于

hamstring

【考法1】vt. 使无效，使无力： to make ineffective or powerless 【例】 the downtown development committee claims that it's hamstrung by city ordinances 城镇发展委员会声称它受到了城市法令的阻碍 【近】 cripple, immobilize, incapacitate, prostrate

gratify

【考法1】vt. 使满足： to give what is desired to, to please or satisfy 【例】gratify her curiosity满足她的好奇心‖Her praise will gratify all who worked so hard to earn it. 他的表扬会使所有辛勤工作的人们高兴 【近】 appease, cater, content, satisfy 【反】 displease 使不满；grieve 使悲痛 【派】 gratification n. 满意

grate

【考法1】vt. 刮擦（以发出刺耳的声音）： to make a rasping sound 【例】 The sled grated along the bare pavement. 雪橇与裸露的路面刮擦发出刺耳声 【近】 abrade, rasp, scratch, scrape 【考法2】vt. 骚扰，惹恼：to irritate or annoy persistently 【例】a noise that grates on one's nerves 使人烦躁的噪音 【近】 irritate, aggravate, gall, nettle, peeve, plague, provoke, vex 【反】 soothe 使平静，安抚 【派】 grating adj. 刺耳的

goad

【考法1】vt. 刺激驱使，激发： to incite or rouse as if with a goad 【例】goad someone to do something 激励某人做某事 【近】 urge, abet, exhort, instigate, prod, prompt, propel, spur, stimulate 【反】 check, curb 阻止；lull 使安静

irritate

【考法1】vt. 刺激，惹恼： to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in 【例】His rude interruptions really irritated her. 他粗鲁的打断激怒了她 【近】 aggravate, annoy, exasperate, gall, inflame, nettle, peeve, provoke, rile, roil 【反】 appease, assuage, pacify, placate, propitiate, soothe 安抚，平息 【派】 irritant n. 刺激物

herald

【考法1】vt. 告知： to make known openly or publicly 【例】 herald the great tidings to all the world 将重大消息告知全世界 【近】annunciate, broadcast, declare, enunciate, proclaim, promulgate 【考法2】v. 预示，预兆： to give a slight indication of beforehand 【例】 the reshuffle of the company's management heralded the sweeping changes to come 公司管理层的重新洗牌预示着即将到来的巨大变革 【近】 adumbrate, forerun, harbinger, prefigure【记】 he + read 他读，他读圣旨，他读上边的命令→传令官，古时候传令官就是念圣旨的人

gibe

【考法1】vt. 嘲弄： to deride or tease with taunting words 【例】gibe at the umpire 嘲弄裁判员 【近】 deride, jeer, ridicule, mock, scoff, sneer, taunt 【反】 respect, revere, venerate 尊敬

invoke

【考法1】vt. 实施： to put into effect or operation 【例】New train timetable has been invoked. 新的火车时刻表已经生效 【近】 enforce, effect, execute, implement, perform 【反】 suspend 暂停，搁置 【考法2】vt. 产生，造成： to be the cause of (a situation, action, or state of mind) 【例】We should be prepared for the possibility that any solution may invoke another set of problems. 我们必须要为这样一种可能做好心理准备：任何解决方案都可能带来一系列新的问题 【近】 beget, bring, catalyze, cause, create, engender, generate, induce, produce, result

hallow

【考法1】vt. 尊敬，把......视为神圣： to respect or honor greatly; revere 【近】 consecrate, sacralize, sanctify 【反】 desecrate, deconsecrate, desacralize, desanctify 亵渎

harrow

【考法1】vt. 折磨，使苦恼： to inflict great distress or torment on 【例】 the villagers were gaunt and sickly, harrowed by years of disease and starvation 村民们枯瘦如柴，体弱多病，都是被多年的疾病和饥饿折磨的 【近】 agonize, beset, besiege, torment, torture, excruciate, plague 【反】 assuage 减轻苦恼音：害肉，害的你的心头肉，耙子一样抓你的心；harass 烦恼；hare + row 一排野兔，地里野兔太多，该耙地了

garble

【考法1】vt. 曲解，篡改，混淆（以至使无法理解）：to mix up or distort to such an extent as to make misleading or incomprehensible 【例】The summary totally garbles the results of the investigation. 这份摘要完全曲解了调查的结果 【近】 misrepresent, belie, color, distort, falsify, twist, warp 【反】 clarify, elucidate 阐明 【考法2】vt. 筛选，除杂： to remove usually visible impurities from 【例】 Garbled spices are less likely to contaminate a recipe. 经过筛选的香料应该就不会影响食谱了 【近】 clear, distill, filter, purify 【反】 adulterate, contaminate掺杂，污染

hoodwink

【考法1】vt. 欺骗： to take in by deceptive means; deceive 【例】Don't let yourself be hoodwinked into buying things you don't need. 别被忽悠着去买用不着的东西。 【近】beguile, con, delude, dupe, fool, hoax, humbug 【反】 disabuse 消除错误念头

irrigate

【考法1】vt. 灌溉： to supply (dry land) with water by means of ditches, pipes, or streams; water artificially 【例】irrigate crops periodically 定期灌溉农作物 【近】 water 【考法2】vt. 冲洗： to flush (a body part) with a stream of liquid (as in removing a foreign body or medicating) 【例】irrigate the wound 冲洗伤口 【近】 flush, rinse, wash 【派】 irrigation n. 灌溉

illuminate

【考法1】vt. 照明： to make luminous or shining 【例】 to illuminate with a spotlight 用聚光灯照亮 【近】 bathe, beacon, emblaze, illume, illumine, irradiate, lighten 【反】 blacken, darken, obfuscate 使黯淡，使昏暗 【考法2】vt. 阐明： to make plain or understandable 【例】 Roosevelt′s New Deal illuminates what the role of government is in Keynesian Economics. 罗斯福新政阐明了在凯恩斯主义中政府的作用 【近】 clarify, clear, construe, demonstrate, demystify, elucidate, explicate, expound, illustrate, interpret 【反】 obscure 使费解 【考法3】vt. 启迪，启发： to provide (someone) with moral or spiritual understanding 【例】 how man is illuminated by a higher spirit 人们是如何被更高境界的思想开化的 【近】 edify, educate, enlighten, inspire, nurture 【反】 confuse, perplex, puzzle 使困惑 【派】 illumination n. 照明；启迪

gobble

【考法1】vt. 狼吞虎咽： to swallow or eat greedily 【例】Lions gobble their prey. 狮子狼吞虎咽地啃食它们的猎物 【近】 devour, gorge, guzzle, quaff, raven, swill 【反】 nibble 小口咬

glaze

【考法1】vt. 给...上釉，妆点： to coat with or as if with a glaze 【例】The storm glazed trees with ice. 暴风雨给树木镀上了一层冰装 【近】 adorn, bedeck, decorate, embellish, garnish 【反】 strip, uncover 剥去 【考法2】vt. 使平滑： to give a smooth glossy surface to 【近】 polish, burnish, furbish, shine 【反】 rumple 弄皱

hearten

【考法1】vt. 给予鼓励，鼓舞： to give strength, courage, or hope to; encourage 【例】 thinking we were hopelessly lost, we were heartened by the sight of a familiar farmhouse 悲催地以为我们完全迷路了，前方一座熟悉的农场给了我们新的希望 【近】 embolden, inspire, inspirit, buck up, buoy up, cheer up 【反】 daunt, dismay, discourage, dishearten, dispirit 使胆怯

husband

【考法1】vt. 节俭，勤俭持家： to use sparingly or economically 【例】 Husbanding precious resources was part of rural life. 节俭使用珍贵的资源就是农村生活的一部分 【近】 budget, conserve, economize 【反】 dissipate, lavish, prodigalize, squander, waste 挥霍，浪费 【派】 husbandly adj. 节俭的；husbandry n. 节俭

hamper

【考法1】vt. 阻碍： to restrict the movement of by bonds or obstacles: impede 【例】 Construction is hampering traffic on the highway. 高速路上的建设阻碍了正常交通。 【近】 cramp, encumber, fetter, handicap, hinder, impede, stymie, trammel 【反】 facilitate, aid, assist, facilitate, help 促进

galvanize

【考法1】vt. （好似被用电击）刺激： to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock 【例】an issue that would galvanize public opinion 激起大众评论的问题 【近】 provoke, agitate, excite, intoxicate, motivate, stimulate, pump up 【反】 allay, lull, pacify 使平静 【派】 galvanizing adj. 刺激的

gild

【考法1】vt. （带欺骗性地）修改，润色： to give an often deceptively attractive or improved appearance to 【例】Any further retouch would be gilding the lily. 任何形式的润色都会是画蛇添足 【近】 polish, refine, smooth

posit

【考法1】vt.假定，断定：to assume or affirm the existence of 【例】 The committee posited that he was qualified for the election. 委员会假定他是够格参加选举的。 【近】 assume, postulate, presuppose, premise, presume 【反】 falsify 证明为假

ignite

【考法1】vt.点燃： to cause to burn; to set fire to 【例】The bombs ignited a fire which destroyed some 60 houses. 炸弹引发的大火摧毁了大约60间房屋 【近】 enkindle, fire, inflame, kindle, light, torch 【反】 douse, extinguish, quench, put out 熄灭 【考法2】vt. 激起，唤起（感情等）： to arouse the passions of 【例】The insults ignited my anger. 那些侮辱让我倍感愤怒 【近】 arouse, incite, instigate, pique, spark, stimulate, stir 【反】 appease, assuage, calm, conciliate, mollify, pacify, placate, propitiate, soothe 平息怒火，安抚

gall

【考法1】vt.（使）焦躁，激怒： irritate, vex 【例】The sarcastic applause from the audience galled her. 观众反讽的掌声激怒了她 【近】 aggravate, exasperate, grate, inflame, provoke, pique, roil 【反】 appease, assuage, calm, lull, pacify, placate 使平静，使平息 【考法2】n.深深的敌意： a deep-seated ill will 【例】Her kindly feelings turned to gall when she found out her nephew only wanted her money. 当她发现她的侄子只想要钱时，她之前友好的感情变成了憎恨与厌恶 【近】 animosity, animus, antagonism, antipathy, hostility, rancor 【反】 amity友好 【考法3】n.大胆，无耻： shameless boldness 【例】I can't believe he had the gall to ask me how much I weigh. 我不敢相信他居然胆敢问我有多重 【近】audacity, brass, nerve, presumptuousness, temerity

misbehaving

【考法】 adj. 调皮的，行为不端的： engaging in or marked by childish misbehavior 【例】 a new approach for disciplining a chronically misbehaving child 一个教育调皮小孩的新方法 【近】 annoying, devious, errant, impish, mischievous, naughty, playful, wicked 【反】 decorous, urbane 举止得体的

plod

【考法】 v. 沉重缓慢地走： to walk heavily or slowly 【例】 The soldiers slowly plodded across the marsh. 士兵们慢慢走过沼泽地。 【近】 tramp, trudge 【反】 flit 迅速飞过；gambol 雀跃 【派】 plodding adj. 走路沉重缓慢的音：破落的，家境破落，只能卖苦力，当搬运工之类地，重步走

malinger

【考法】 vi. 装病以逃避工作： to pretend or exaggerate incapacity or illness (as to avoid duty or work) 【例】 He claims he's ill, but I think he's just malingering. 他声称他病了，但我觉得他是装的 【近】 goldbrick, shirk 【反】 confront, face, meet 面对 【派】 malingerer n. 装病以逃避工作的人

green

【考法】adj. 无经验的： deficient in training, knowledge, or experience 【例】lead a squad of green recruits 带领一队没有经验的新兵 【近】 inexperienced, callow, fresh, raw, unfledged, young 【反】 experienced, versed 经验丰富的

gourmand

【考法】n. 嗜食者，大胃王： one who is excessively fond of eating and drinking 【例】 the kind of gourmand who swallows food without even pausing to taste it 不尝味道就下咽的那种嗜食者 【近】 gorger, glutton

gourmet

【考法】n. 美食家： a connoisseur of food and drink 【例】a gourmet of Chinese food 中餐美食家 【近】 bon vivant ,connoisseur, epicure 【反】 layman 门外汉