3.08 Honors Module Three Exam

Which is the best example of a pioneer species that would be found where a glacier has retreated?

Algae

Cod grow and reproduce best when the temperature is below 54 degrees Fahrenheit. The following graph shows the temperature anomalies from 1960 to 2015. Temperature anomaly refers to the way in which the temperature is different from the long-term average. If the anomaly is negative, that means the temperature is lower than normal; if the temperature anomaly is positive, the temperature is warmer than normal. According to the graph, what prediction can be made regarding the ecosystem in which cod live?

Cod will need to relocate because of the warming waters of their ecosystem

Aquatic organisms in coastal areas face a variety of predators on land and in the water and air. Which ocean process exposes the coastal aquatic organisms to land-based predators?

Daily tidal patterns leave areas exposed to the land for part of the day

North Atlantic right whales spend their winters off of the coast of the southeastern United States. In the spring, they migrate north to the coast of the northeastern United States. What is the most likely reason that these whales migrate to the north in the spring?

Food is more plentiful in the northeastern regions during the spring

A marine biologist is working on a research vessel to study whale calls. His recording devices are measuring depths above 1,000 meters. As his vessel travels to cooler waters and begins to measure at greater depths, the marine biologist needs to make adjustments to his monitoring devices. Why is that?

From 0 to 1,000 meters, sound travels at a slower speed in cooler water

How would low tide most likely negatively affect the abundance of aquatic organisms?

Low tide exposes aquatic organisms to air for extended periods of time

An open system is best characterized as a system in which:

Matter and energy can freely enter and leave

As a result of the Law of Conservation of Energy, a fish cannot gain more energy than it consumes. An isolated system consisting of an aquarium, a large fish, and fish food is set up. Which of the following methods would best demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Energy?

Measure the total energy including the temperature of the water, fish, and food. Then measure the total energy again after the fish eats, and determine the difference

Which type of wave cannot move without a medium in which to travel?

Sound waves

The following diagram shows the seasonal migration of loggerhead turtles. The lettered circles along the coast represent the nesting sites where this turtle lays its eggs. The map shows the turtles' migration to and from their winter foraging sites (W1 and W2) to their summer feeding site (S). In which direction do loggerhead turtles migrate in the fall?

South

Deep-ocean lantern fish have special organs that use chemical energy to produce light. However, the light can only travel a certain distance through the water before it is no longer visible. How does this phenomenon validate the Law of Conservation of Energy?

The light energy travels through the water until it is reflected or absorbed

Most filter-feeding whales have calls between 15 to 25 hertz, but one type of filter-feeding whale has a much higher frequency, at 52 hertz. What likely differs between the two whale calls?

The time it takes for successive crests to pass through a point

A student is measuring plant growth in an experiment. Using the same species of plant, he places one plant in the dark and one in artificial light. He hypothesizes that, over time, the plant in the artificial light will grow to a greater extent than that in the dark. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Type of light environment

A marine scientist measures the energy found in a system consisting of a shark and fish. After the shark consumes the fish, the marine scientist concluded that chemical energy from the fish was transformed to kinetic energy in the shark. Does this result validate or invalidate the Law of Conservation of Energy?

Validate, because energy can change forms

Which characteristic of coastal dynamics limits the abundance of aquatic organisms?

Varied tidal action

Waves transfer energy in the ocean environment. How do waves most likely affect the abundance of aquatic organisms in the ocean?

Waves increase oxygen availability in the ocean, increasing abundance

Which tidal process makes it challenging for organisms to survive in coastal areas?

When the tide recedes, some coastal areas are exposed to air for many hours