310 GI Alterations/Orthopedic Alterations

2) To prevent further edema

While providing care for a client with a second-degree left ankle sprain, the nurse raises the injured part above heart level. Which statement provides the reason behind this nursing intervention? 1) To promote bone density 2) To prevent further edema 3) To reduce pain perception 4) To increase muscle strength

1) Decrease portion size and fat intake.

A client with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 verbalizes the need to lose weight. The nurse encourages the client to lose weight safely by making which dietary change? 1) Decrease portion size and fat intake. 2) Increase protein and vegetable intake. 3) Decrease carbohydrate and fat intake. 4) Increase fruits and limit fluid intake.

4) Cellular membrane structure

A client with a high cholesterol level says to the nurse, "Why can't I take a medication that will eliminate all of the cholesterol in my body so it isn't a problem?" The nurse explains that some cholesterol is needed to perform which body function? 1) Blood clotting 2) Bone formation 3) Muscle contraction 4) Cellular membrane structure

2) Inability of the liver to remove normal amounts of bilirubin from the blood

A client with jaundice associated with hepatitis expresses concern over the change in skin color. Which does the nurse explain is the cause of this color change? 1) Stimulation of the liver to produce an excess quantity of bile pigments 2) Inability of the liver to remove normal amounts of bilirubin from the blood 3) Increased destruction of red blood cells during the acute phase of the disease 4) Decreased prothrombin levels, leading to multiple sites of intradermal bleedin

1) Lactic acid

A student athlete reports muscle pain after a practice session. Which product of muscle metabolism would the nurse explain as being a cause of pain? 1) Lactic acid 2) Acetoacetic acid 3) Hydrochloric acid 4) Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

1) "Meats and cream-based foods need to be refrigerated."

During a health symposium the nurse teaches the group how to prevent food poisoning. Which statement by one of the participants indicates the teaching is understood? 1) "Meats and cream-based foods need to be refrigerated." 2) "Once most food is cooked, it does not need to be refrigerated." 3) "Poultry should be stuffed and then refrigerated before cooking." 4) "Cooked food should be cooled before being put into the refrigerator."

2) Obtain the client's vital signs.

On the third postoperative day after a subtotal gastrectomy, a client reports severe abdominal pain. The nurse palpates the client's abdomen and determines rigidity. Which action would the nurse perform first? 1) Assist the client to ambulate. 2) Obtain the client's vital signs. 3) Administer the prescribed analgesic. 4) Encourage use of the incentive spirometer

3) Overweight

The nurse identifies which weight category as reflective of a client's body mass index (BMI) of 25.5 kg/m2? 1) Obese 2) Normal 3) Overweight 4) Underweight

4) Bowel obstruction

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with peritonitis. Which finding in the medical record is most likely the cause? 1) Gastritis 2) Hiatal hernia 3) Diverticulosis 4) Bowel obstruction

4) Pain in right lower quadrant

The nurse is caring for a client with suspected appendicitis. Which assessment finding would the nurse determine would further support the diagnosis? 1) Fever and malaise 2) Nausea and vomiting 3) Absolute constipation 4) Pain in right lower quadrant

3) Salem sump

The nurse is preparing to insert a nasogastric (NG) tube for a client to allow continuous suction. Which tube would the nurse select? 1) Levin 2) Dobhoff 3) Salem sump 4) Gastrostomy

4) In the morning upon awakening

When would the nurse expect the client who has rheumatoid arthritis to experience the most joint pain and stiffness? 1) After assistive exercise 2) When the room is cool 3) During the evening hours 4) In the morning upon awakening

1) Raloxifene

Which estrogen antagonist would the health care provider prescribe a client for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women? 1) Raloxifene 2) Denosumab 3) Alendronate 4) Zoledronic acid

1) Tachycardia 2) Hypotension 3) Rigid abdomen 4) Nausea and vomiting 5) Back and shoulder pain

Which finding is an indication of ulcer perforation in a client with peptic ulcer disease (PUD)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Tachycardia 2) Hypotension 3) Rigid abdomen 4) Nausea and vomiting 5) Back and shoulder pain

3) Moist, red, and raised above the skin surface

Which finding would the nurse document as normal for a second, postabdominoperineal resection stoma? 1) Dry, pale pink, and even with the skin 2) Moist, skin-colored, and flush with the skin 3) Moist, red, and raised above the skin surface 4) Dry, purple, and depressed below the skin surface

3) Glucocorticoids

Which hormone aids in regulating intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption? 1) Insulin 2) Thyroxine 3) Glucocorticoids 4) Parathyroid hormone

2) Thyroxine

Which hormone increases the rate of protein synthesis? 1) Estrogen 2) Thyroxine 3) Parathormone 4) Vitamin D

3) Goniometer

Which instrument is the nurse using in this image? 1) Arthroscope 2) Orthoses 3) Goniometer 4) External fixator

1) Oral alendronate

Which is the first-line treatment for Paget's disease? 1) Oral alendronate 2) Oral calcium 3) Intravenous pamidronate 4) Intravenous zoledronic acid

3) Biaxial joint

Which joint helps in the gliding movement of the wrist? 1) Pivot joint 2) Hinge joint 3) Biaxial joint 4) Ball and socket joint

2) Incomplete with one side bent

Which phrase describes a greenstick fracture? 1) More than two fragments 2) Incomplete with one side bent 3) Spontaneous, at the site of bone disease 4) Across the longitudinal axis of the bone shaft

1) Esophageal pain may imitate the symptoms of a heart attack.

Which rationale explains why the nurse also monitors a client with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) for clinical manifestations of heart disease? 1) Esophageal pain may imitate the symptoms of a heart attack. 2) GERD may predispose the client to the development of heart disease. 3) Strenuous exercise may exacerbate reflux problems. 4) Similar laboratory study changes may occur in both problems.

2) Bones

Which structures protect a client's internal organs, support blood cell production, and store minerals? 1) Joints 2) Bones 3) Muscles 4) Cartilages

4) Ball-and-socket

Which type of joint permits movement in any direction? 1) Pivot 2) Hinge 3) Biaxial 4) Ball-and-socket