326- Chapter 71: Management of Patients With Infectious Diseases

The usual incubation period (from infection to first symptom) for hepatitis B is

45 to 160 days.

A client with influenza is admitted to an acute care facility. The nurse monitors the client closely for complications. What is the most common complication of influenza?

Pneumonia

Which is the usual incubation period (from infection to first symptom) for AIDS?

10 years

A client has been admitted with primary syphilis. Which signs or symptoms should the nurse expect to see with this diagnosis?

A painless genital ulcer that appeared about 3 weeks after unprotected sex

When assessing a client with infectious diarrhea, which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing severe dehydration?

Rapid, thready pulse

Which organism is responsible for impetigo?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which statement reflects what is known about the Ebola virus?

The diagnosis should be considered in a client who has a febrile, hemorrhagic illness after traveling to Asia or Africa.

A client is placed in isolation for suspected tuberculosis. Which action should the nurse take when entering the client's room?

Wear an N95 respirator.

A client who was bitten by a wild animal is admitted to an acute care facility for treatment of rabies. Which type of isolation does this client require?

contact

You are a school nurse teaching a health class about the chain of infection in the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A student asks you which part of the chain of infection can be missing when transmission occurs. What would be your best answer?

"All parts of the chain of infection have to be present for the disease to be passed to another human."

The nurse is seeing a client who came into the sexual health clinic after discovering condylomata along her labia. The client states, "This makes no sense, I don't even know who I got this from and I have been so careful!" What is the nurse's best response?

"It sounds like you are feeling angry. Let's talk more about human papillomavirus (HPV) and strategies to stay healthy while you are being treated."

The nurse is giving an educational talk to a local parent-teacher association. A parent asks how he can help his family avoid community-acquired infections. What would be the nurse's best response to help prevent and control community-acquired infections?

"Make sure your family has all their childhood immunizations."

A client the nurse is caring for has developed a bladder infection while in the hospital. The client has had a Foley catheter for two weeks. The client's family asks you how the client got this infection. What would be the nurse's best response?

"People in hospitals are often more susceptible to infections because they are already ill and they are exposed to germs while they are in the hospital."

An adolescent informs the school nurse that she is afraid of contracting an STI but her boyfriend does not want to use condoms. What is the best response by the nurse?

"The use of condoms is one of the best ways to reduce the risk of acquiring an STI."

The nurse is providing education to a client who has been diagnosed with trichomoniasis. When providing information about metronidazole, what should the nurse be certain to include?

"You will need to avoid alcohol during treatment and for 3 days after the medication is complete."

Which of the following medications are used to suppress viral load of the HSV-2 infection?

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

A client comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that he has a "painful area under his armpit." The nurse observes a 2-cm raised area that is erythremic and has a white substance inside of it. What does the nurse suspect the client may be experiencing?

An abscess

A client is admitted with bacterial meningitis. Which hospital room is the best choice for this client?

An isolation room three doors from the nurses' station

The nurse observes a physician leave the room of a client in isolation for infection with Clostridium difficile. The physician uses the alcohol-based hand sanitizer hanging on the wall to wash her hands and leaves the door open. Which action should the nurse take?

Ask the physician to wash her hands with soap and water.

A nurse is caring for a client in the clinic. Which sign or symptom may indicate that the client has gonorrhea?

Burning on urination

The nurse is caring for a group of clients at a public health clinic. Which sexually transmitted disease would the nurse focus the client education on curative goals?

Chlamydia

The nurse is providing care to a client who has been diagnosed with gonorrhea. The nurse also prepares the client for treatment of which of the following?

Chlamydia

SARS is caused by which virus?

Coronavirus

You are teaching a pathophysiology class to pre-nursing students. Today you are teaching about infection. What groups of people would you tell the students are at increased risk for infection? (Mark all that apply.)

Debilitated clients

The nurse has been injured with a needlestick while caring for a newly admitted client, and she goes to tell the charge nurse. What is the next thing the injured nurse should do?

Document the injury in writing.

Patients who have had pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are prone to which of the following complications?

Ectopic pregnancy

A nurse is assessing a male client diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which symptom most likely prompted the client to seek medical attention?

Foul-smelling discharge from the penis

The nurse educator is discussing pathogens responsible for various sexually transmitted infections. When teaching about bacterial vaginosis (BV), the nurse educator is correct when stating the overgrowth of which bacteria is responsible for this infection?

Gardnerella vaginalis

After teaching a group of students about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the instructor determines that additional teaching is necessary when the students identify which STI as curable with treatment?

Genital herpes

The nurse observes a nursing assistant leave the room of client diagnosed with Clostridium difficileinfection without washing hands. Which is the priority action by the nurse?

Have the nursing assistant wash hands with soap and water.

The nurse is caring for a client with genital herpes experiencing a reoccurrence. Which nursing diagnosis would be the priority?

Impaired Skin Integrity

The nurse is completing the admission assessment on a client with renal failure. The client states, "I was diagnosed with impetigo yesterday." Which is the appropriate nursing intervention?

Initiate contact isolation protocol.

Which of the following is the most effective treatment for trichomoniasis?

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Which of the following is the medication of choice for early syphilis?

Penicillin G benzathine

The nurse has received several laboratory studies back at the clinic. Which of these results should be reported to the local health department?

Positive gonorrhea

The nurse is working in the labor and delivery suite when a client with active herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) appears in active labor. Which adjustment in the plan of care will the nurse prepare for?

Prepare for a cesarean section.

A client is in the acute care facility for the administration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics to treat bacterial pneumonia. The client begins to have severe diarrhea 3 days after the IV antibiotics with abdominal cramping and pain. What does the nurse suspect the client has developed due to the antibiotic use?

Pseudomembranous colitis

A client admitted with bacterial meningitis must be transported to the radiology department for a repeat computed tomography scan of the head. His level of consciousness is decreased, and he requires nasopharyngeal suctioning before transport. Which infection control measures are best when caring for this client?

Put on gloves, a mask, and eye protection during suctioning, and then apply a mask to the client's face for transport.

After discussing the vaccine available for human papillomavirus with the mother of a 12-year-old female client, the mother agrees to have her daughter immunized. It is July when the nurse administers the first dose. The nurse would instruct the mother to bring the girl in for her second dose at which time?

September

Pelvic infection is most commonly caused by which of the following?

Sexual transmission

Painless chancres or ulcerated lesions are associated with which systemic disease?

Syphilis

The nurse us assessing a client who reports stiff joints and alopecia. While taking the client's health history, the client reports having multiple sexual parnters in the 6 months and finding a lesion on her labia about 1 month before today's appointment. What should the nurse anticipate based on the signs and symptoms presented?

The client will require treatment for the secondary stage of syphilis.

The school health nurse is conducting a teaching session for parents to provide information about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. What prevention information should the nurse include in the session?

The effect of the vaccination is optimized if it is administered before the child becomes sexually active.

A nurse would perform handwashing instead of using an alcohol-based product for which situation?

When hands are visibly soiled from client care

The infection control nurse collects data that indicates an increase in the number of clients in the hospital with multidrug-resistant infections. What priority education should healthcare providers receive?

hand hygiene

A college student comes to the campus health care center complaining of headache, malaise, and a sore throat that has worsened over the past 10 days. The nurse measures a temperature of 102.6° F (39.2° C) and finds an enlarged spleen and liver and exudative tonsillitis. Laboratory tests reveal a leukocyte count of 20,000/mm3, antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, and abnormal liver function tests. These findings suggest:

infectious mononucleosis.

The six elements necessary for infection include a causative organism, a reservoir of available organisms, a portal or mode of exit from the reservoir, a mode of transmission from reservoir to host, a susceptible host, and

mode of entry into the host.

A client is diagnosed with shigellosis. The nurse teaches the client and family how the disease is transmitted and treated and discusses the need for enteric precautions. The nurse should explain that enteric precautions must be maintained:

until three fecal cultures are negative for Shigella.