3343 Final MC

A major outcome and deliverable from project initiation and planning that reflects the best estimate of the projects scope, benefits, costs, risks, and resource requirements defines the a. Baseline Project Plan. b. Information Systems Plan. c. Mission Statement. d. Resource Requirements Statement. e. Systems Service Request.

a. Baseline Project Plan.

The line that marks the inside and outside of the system that sets off the system from its environment best defines a. delineation mark. b. boundary. c. scope. d. interface. e. analysis area.

b. boundary.

Which of the following is a true statement? a. Data entities correspond to sources/sinks on a data flow diagram. b. Relationships correspond to data flows on a data flow diagram. c. A data entity will have many possible instances. d. Verbs are used to name entity types. e. An entity type is described many times in the data model.

c. A data entity will have many possible instances.

Which of the following would be classified as an intangible cost? a. Hardware costs b. Labor costs c. Employee morale d. Operational costs e. Internet service setup fee Answer: c

c. Employee morale

The process of developing and maintaining an information system describes: a. joint application design. b. prototyping. c. information systems analysis and design. d. information technology infrastructure development. e. systems implementation.

c. information systems analysis and design.

Conceptual data modeling is typically done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during: a. systems planning and selection. b. systems design. c. systems analysis. d. systems implementation and operation. e. systems evaluation.

c. systems analysis.

Human interface design is performed during: a. systems planning and selection. b. systems analysis. c. systems design. d. systems implementation and operation. e. requirements structuring.

c. systems design.

A savings of $5,000 resulting from data entry error reductions would most likely be classified as a(n): a. intangible benefit. b. qualitative benefit. c. tangible benefit. d. operational benefit. e. profitable benefit. Answer: c

c. tangible benefit.

If entity B is a mandatory participant, then: a. the minimum cardinality of the relationship is two. b. the minimum cardinality of the relationship cannot be defined. c. the minimum cardinality of the relationship is one. d. the minimum cardinality of the relationship is optional. e. the join level is not null.

c. the minimum cardinality of the relationship is one.

What is a direct result of decomposition? a. Coupling b. Open systems c. Cohesion d. Modularity e. Interfaces

d. Modularity

What is NOT a system characteristic? a. Interface b. Boundary c. Input d. Scope e. Output

d. Scope

A detailed, logical, and graphical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area best describes a(n): a. logic model. b. data-flow diagram. c. structure chart. d. entity-relationship diagram or E-R diagram. e. data tree.

d. entity-relationship diagram or E-R diagram.

A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data refers to a(n): a. attribute. b. data element. c. relationship. d. entity. e. process.

d. entity.

What is NOT a project management phase? a. Closing down the project b. Planning the project c. Executing the project d. Initiating a project e. Implementing the project

e. Implementing the project

In which SDLC phase is the information system coded, tested, and installed in the organization? a. Systems planning and selection b. Systems replacement c. Systems analysis d. Systems design e. Systems implementation and operation

e. Systems implementation and operation

Potential development projects can be identified by a. a steering committee. b. top management. c. a senior IS manager. d. user departments. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

The origin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities defines: A) source. B) data store. C) data flow. D) process. E) predecessor.

A) source

Questions in interviews and on questionnaires asking those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses are: A) specific questions. B) closed-ended questions. C) open-ended questions. D) structured questions. E) stratified questions.

B) closed-ended questions

Training on the use of the system begins during the early stages of: A) the systems analysis phase. B) logical design. C) implementation. D) the systems planning and selection phase.

C) implementation.

Changing over from the old information system to a new one by turning off the old system as the new one is turned on best describes: A) phased installation. B) single location installation. C) parallel installation. D) direct installation.

D) direct installation.

Which of the following is most likely a source/sink for a manufacturing system? A) A customer B) A supplier C) Another information system D) A bank E) All of the above

E) All of the above

Traditional methods of collecting systems requirements include: A) Interviews B) Agile methodologies C) Joint application design D) Rapid application development E) Prototyping

A) Interviews

Which of the following is an advantage of closed-ended questions? A) Interviews based on closed-ended questions do not necessarily require a large time commitment, so more topics can be covered. B) Closed-ended questions enable the analysts to explore information that does not quite fit defined answers. C) The analyst can obtain previously unknown information. D) Closed-ended questions often put the interviewee at ease. E) The interviewee has a sense of involvement and control in the interview.

A) Interviews based on closed-ended questions do not necessarily require a large time commitment, so more topics can be covered

The process whereby actual users test a completed information system, the end result of which is the users' acceptance of it, best defines: A) acceptance testing. B) alpha testing. C) beta testing. D) end user testing.

A) acceptance testing.

The diagram that shows the scope of the system, indicating what elements are inside and outside the system,is called a: A) context diagram. B) level-2 diagram. C) referencing diagram. D) representative diagram. E) decomposition diagram.

A) context diagram.

A system that integrates individual traditional business functions into a series of modules so that a single transaction occurs seamlessly within a single information system rather than several separate systems best describes A) enterprise resource planning (ERP). B) application service. C) storage area network. D) packaged software. E) system integration software.

A) enterprise resource planning (ERP).

Recording a customer's payment would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a(n): A) process. B) source. C) data flow. D) data store. E) action stub.

A) process

Since data-flow diagrams concentrate on the movement of data between processes, these diagrams are often referred to as: A) process models. B) data models. C) flow models. D) flow charts. E) logic models.

A) process models.

Tests performed during alpha testing that are designed to try to break the system are: A) stress tests. B) performance tests. C) recovery tests. D) security tests.

A) stress tests.

Which of the following can be considered an advantage of closed-ended questions? A) The interviewer can explore unexpected lines of inquiry. B) Closed-ended questions work well when the major answers to the questions are well known. C) The interviewee has a sense of involvement and control in the interview. D) Closed-ended questions often put the interviewee at ease. E) Previously unknown information may surface.

B) Closed-ended questions work well when the major answers to the questions are well known

Which of the following is a traditional method of collecting systems requirements? A) Business process reengineering B) Observations C) Joint application design D) Rapid application development E) Prototyping

B) Observations

User testing of a completed information system using simulated data refers to: A) acceptance testing. B) alpha testing. C) beta testing. D) system testing.

B) alpha testing.

The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data-flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level defines: A) decomposition. B) balancing. C) flow conservation. D) data flow structuring. E) gap proofing

B) balancing

Prototyping is most useful for requirements determination when: A) user requirements are well understood. B) communication problems have existed in the past between users and analysts. C) possible designs are simple and require an abstract form to fully evaluate. D) multiple stakeholders are involved with the system E) data are not readily available.

B) communication problems have existed in the past between users and analysts.

An arrow on a data-flow diagram represents a(n): A) data store. B) data flow. C) process. D) source. E) action sequence.

B) data flow

Data contained on a customer order form would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process. B) data flow. C) source. D) sink. E) relationship.

B) data flow

Student data contained on an enrollment form would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process. B) data flow. C) source. D) data store. E) relationship.

B) data flow.

Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations, best describes a: A) source. B) data store. C) data flow. D) process. E) relationship.

B) data store.

Data-flow diagrams allow you to: A) show the timing of data flows. B) model how data flow through an information system. C) demonstrate the sequencing of activities. D) show the relationship among entities. E) represent the internal structure and functionality of processes

B) model how data flow through an information system.

The primary concern about cloud computing is A) cost. B) reliability. C) compliance with standards. D) dependability. E) sustainability.

B) reliability.

The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a joint application design session is referred to as the: A) JAD analyst. B) scribe. C) JAD manager. D) JAD session leader. E) JAD oracle

B) scribe

A supplier of auto parts to your company would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process. B) source. C) data flow. D) data store. E) relationship

B) source

An overall test plan is developed during: A) systems implementation. B) systems analysis. C) logical design. D) systems planning and selection.

B) systems analysis.

Questions in interviews and on questionnaires that have no pre-specified answers are: A) Nonspecific questions B) Closed-ended questions C) Open-ended questions D) Investigative questions E) Exploratory questions

C) Open-ended questions

Which of the following is a reason for directly observing end users? A) The analyst gets a snapshot image of the person or task being observed. B) Observations are not very time consuming. C) People often do not have a completely accurate appreciation of what they do or how they do it. D) Employees will alter their performance if they know that they are being observed. E) Interviewing is less rich, passive, and often provides ambiguous data

C) People often do not have a completely accurate appreciation of what they do or how they do it

One advantage of open-ended questions in an interview is: A) A significant amount of time can be devoted to each interviewee B) The interviewee is restricted to providing just a few answers. C) Previously unknown information can result D) They work well when the answers to the questions are well known E) They are not biased

C) Previously unknown information can result

Which of the following is a true statement regarding JAD? A) A working system is the end result of a JAD. B) JAD sessions are usually conductedin the organization's conference room. C) The primary purpose of using JAD in the analysis phase is to collect systems requirements simultaneously from the key people involved with the system. D) A JAD session is inexpensive to conduct. E) JADs benefit greatly from computer support.

C) The primary purpose of using JAD in the analysis phase is to collect systems requirements simultaneously from the key people involved with the system.

Forms are most useful: A) when they do not contain any data. B) during the initial planning stages. C) when they contain actual organizational data. D) during the design stage. E) during the requirements structuring stage.

C) When they contain actual organizational data

If a data flow appears on the context diagram and is also represented on a level-0 diagram, this would be referred to as: A) leveling. B) flow conservation. C) balancing. D) cohesion. E) coupling.

C) balancing

User testing of a completed information system using real data in the real user environment refers to: A) acceptance testing. B) alpha testing. C) beta testing. D) system testing.

C) beta testing.

A computer-based file containing employee information would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a(n): A) data flow. B) source. C) data store. D) process. E) action stub.

C) data store

The act of going from a single system to several component processes refers to: A) structuring. B) balancing. C) decomposition. D) formatting. E) regeneration.

C) decomposition

The organizational process of changing over from the current information system to a new one best defines: A) reorganization. B) physical design. C) installation. D) replacement.

C) installation.

A data-flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail refers to a: A) context diagram. B) level-1 diagram. C) level-0 diagram. D) level-00 diagram. E) logic diagram.

C) level-0 diagram

When you believe that you have shown each business form or transaction, computer screen, and report as a single data flow, you have probably reached the: A) level-0 diagrams. B) ternary level diagrams. C) primitive data-flow diagrams. D) secondary-level diagrams. E) context level diagrams.

C) primitive data-flow diagrams.

Graphically representing the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system refers to: A) data modeling. B) structure modeling. C) process modeling. D) transition modeling. E) logic modeling.

C) process modeling.

A reason not to go with cloud computing is A) freeing internal IT staff. B) gaining access to applications faster. C) reduced development time. D) achieving lower cost access to corporate-quality applications. E) A and B.

C) reduced development time.

Which of the following is NOT a process modeling deliverable? A) A context data-flow diagram B) Thorough descriptions of each DFD component C) DFDs of the current physical system D) An entity relationship diagram E) DFDs of the new logical system

D) An entity relationship diagram

Which of the following is a modern method for collecting system requirements? A) Interviewing B) Questionnaires C) Observations D) Joint application design E) Document analysis

D) Joint application design

Data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another, best describes a: A) data store. B) process. C) source. D) data flow. E) relationship.

D) data flow.

A file folder containing orders would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process. B) source. C) data flow. D) data store. E) relationship

D) data store.

A report: A) indicates the inputs required for the new system. B) describes how a particular job or task is performed, including data and information that are used and created in the process of performing the job. C) indicates what data flow in or out of a system and which are necessary for the system to function. D) enables you to work backward from the information on the document and identify the data that must have been necessary to generate it. E) does none of the above

D) enables you to work backward from the information on the document and identify the data that must have been necessary to generate it.

The lowest level of DFDs are: A) level-0 diagrams. B) context diagrams. C) level-1 diagrams. D) primitive data-flow diagrams. E) systematic diagrams.

D) primitive data-flow diagrams.

The calculation of an employee's salary would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a(n): A) data flow. B) source. C) data store. D) process. E) action stub.

D) process

The analysis of documents can help you identify: A) problems with existing systems. B) special information processing circumstances that occur irregularly and may not be identified by any other requirements determination technique. C) the reason why current systems are designed the way they are. D) the organizational direction that can influence information system requirements. E) all of the above.

E) All of the above

Which of the following can be considered an advantage of open-ended questions? A) The interviewer can explore unexpected lines of inquiry. B) Open-ended questions often put the interviewee at ease. C) The interviewee has a sense of involvement and control in the interview. D) Interviewees can respond in their own words using their own structure. E) All of the above.

E) All of the above

Which of the following is a true statement regarding sources/sinks? A) Data must originate outside a system from one or more sources. B) The system must produce information to one or more sinks. C) Sources/sinks are always outside the information system and define the boundaries of the system. D) If any processing takes place inside the source/sink, we are not interested in it. E) All of the above are true statements

E) All of the above are true statements

Which of the following would be considered when diagramming? A) The interactions occurring between sources and sinks B) How to provide sources and sinks direct access to stored data C) How to control or redesign a source or sink D) What a source or sink does with information or how it operates E) None of the above

E) None of the above

Drawbacks to prototyping include: A) a tendency to avoid creating formal documentation of systems requirements which can then make the system more difficult to develop into a fully working system. B) prototypes becoming very idiosyncratic to the initial user and difficult to diffuse or adapt to other potentialusers. C) prototypes are often built as stand-alone systems. D) checks in the SDLC are bypassed so that some more subtle, but still important, system requirements might be forgotten. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

The typical participants in a JAD include: A) a session leader. B) a scribe. C) a sponsor. D) systems analysts. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

When developing information systems, an organization could use A) an information technology services firm. B) open-source software. C) enterprise-wide solution software. D) in-house development. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above.

Which of the following is a true statement? a. A data model explains what the organization does and what rules govern how work is done in the organization. b. To construct a data model, you need to know how data are processed. c. To construct a data model, you need to know when data are processed. d. A data flow diagram graphically illustrates the structure and relationships among data items. e. During conceptual data modeling, the preparation of a Network diagram is necessary.

a. A data model explains what the organization does and what rules govern how work is done in the organization.

Which of the following is an example of a report? a. Mailing labels b. Computer sign-on screen c. Electronic spreadsheet d. Automated teller machine transaction layout e. Class registration sheet

a. Mailing labels

For a binary many-to-many relationship existing between entity types A and B: a. a separate relation C is created; the primary key of relation C is a composite key consisting of the primary key for each of the two entities in the relationship. b. the primary keys of relation A becomes a foreign key of relation B. c. secondary keys are used to establish the relationship. d. place the primary key of either entity in the relation for the other entity or do this for both entities. e. none of the above.

a. a separate relation C is created; the primary key of relation C is a composite key consisting of the primary key for each of the two entities in the relationship.

If an associative entity exists, then: a. a separate relation C is created; the primary key of relation C is a composite key consisting of the primary key for each of the two entities in the relationship. b. the primary keys of relation A and relation B become foreign keys in a new relation C. c. secondary keys are used to establish the relationship. d. place the primary key of either entity in the relation for the other entity or do this for both entities. e. none of the above should be done.

a. a separate relation C is created; the primary key of relation C is a composite key consisting of the primary key for each of the two entities in the relationship.

A named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization defines: a. attribute. b. relationship. c. instance. d. associative entity. e. data flow.

a. attribute.

The interest rate used to compute the present value of future cash flows refers to: a. discount rate. b. investment rate. c. transfer rate. d. future cash flow rate. e. valuation rate. Answer: a

a. discount rate.

A single occurrence of an entity type defines: a. entity instance. b. entity appearance. c. attribute. d. data element. e. entity type.

a. entity instance.

A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics best defines: a. entity type. b. entity instance. c. entity occurrence. d. entity collection. e. data set.

a. entity type.

If order number serves as the primary key in the order relation and also appears as a nonkey attribute in the invoice relation, then order number is said to be a: a. foreign key. b. candidate key. c. pointer. d. relationship key. e. marker.

a. foreign key.

The reduction of waste creation is an example of a(n): a. intangible benefit. b. qualitative benefit. c. tangible benefit. d. operational benefit. e. profitable benefit. Answer: a

a. intangible benefit.

Dependence of one part of the system on one or more other system parts best describes a. interrelated components. b. boundary. c. component. d. dependency. e. cohesion.

a. interrelated components.

The process of converting complex data structures into simple, stable data structures is referred to as: a. normalization. b. simplification. c. structuring. d. process modeling. e. relational conversion.

a. normalization.

Building a scaled-down version of the desired system best describes a. prototyping. b. Agile Methodologies. c. joint application design. d. reengineering analysis. e. rapid application development.

a. prototyping.

A cost resulting from the ongoing evolution and use of a system best defines a(an): a. recurring cost. b. one-time cost. c. incremental cost. d. frequent cost. e. variable cost. Answer: a

a. recurring cost.

Application software maintenance, new software and hardware leases, and incremental communications are examples of: a. recurring costs. b. one-time costs. c. incremental costs. d. frequent costs. e. consumable costs. Answer: a

a. recurring costs.

The most common style for a logical database model is the: a. relational database model. b. hierarchical database model. c. network database model. d. object-oriented database model. e. hybrid database model.

a. relational database model.

The ratio of the net cash receipts of the project divided by the cash outlays of the project, enabling trade-off analysis to be made between competing projects, is often referred to as: a. return on investment (ROI). b. break-even analysis (BEA). c. net present value (NPV). d. future value (FV). e. Currency Rate Analysis (CRA).

a. return on investment (ROI).

The first phase of the systems development life cycle is a. systems planning and selection. b. systems study. c. systems analysis. d. systems design. e. systems implementation and operation.

a. systems planning and selection.

The need for a new or enhanced system is identified during a. systems planning and selection. b. systems coding. c. systems analysis. d. systems design. e. systems implementation and operation.

a. systems planning and selection.

Asking system users and business managers "How many instances of each object might exist?" would help determine: a. the data entities and their descriptions. b. the candidate key. c. attributes and secondary keys. d. relationships and their cardinality and degrees. e. integrity rules, minimum and maximum cardinality, and time dimensions of data.

a. the data entities and their descriptions.

Slack time is equal to a. the difference between an activity's latest and earliest expected completion time. b. the latest expected completion time. c. the difference between the start time and realistic time for each activity. d. the sum of an activity's latest and earliest expected completion time. e. the difference between the optimistic time and pessimistic time for an activity.

a. the difference between an activity's latest and earliest expected completion time.

Pessimistic time refers to a. the maximum period of time for an activity to be completed. b. the minimum period of time for an activity to be completed. c. the planner's "best guess" of the amount of time the activity actually will require for completion. d. the maximum period of time for an entire project to be completed. e. the average period of time for an activity to be completed.

a. the maximum period of time for an activity to be completed.

Process, logic, and data-model descriptions of a system must be consistent and complete since: a. they each describe different but complementary views of the same information system. b. they are prepared during the analysis phase. c. they are constructed in parallel by separate analyst teams. d. a data model indicates when the data are processed. e. a data model shows how the data are processed.

a. they each describe different but complementary views of the same information system.

The data modeling perspective that derives the business rules for a data model from an intimate understanding of the nature of the business, rather than from any specific information requirements in screens, reports, or business forms, is referred to as the: a. top-down approach. b. bottom-up approach. c. overview approach. d. business approach. e. conceptual approach.

a. top-down approach.

Each of the following is a guideline for displaying text except: a. use abbreviations and acronyms instead of full text. b. do not hyphenate words between lines. c. left-justify text and leave a ragged right margin. d. display text in mixed upper- and lowercase and use conventional punctuation. e. use double spacing if space permits.

a. use abbreviations and acronyms instead of full text.

Which of the following would be classified as a tangible cost? a. Loss of customer goodwill b. Cost of hardware c. Employee morale d. Operational inefficiency e. Not all customers use the Internet. Answer: b

b. Cost of hardware

Which of the following is the standard method of gathering and displaying information on the Internet? a. Dialogue interaction b. Form interaction c. Report interaction d. Menu selection e. VRML interaction

b. Form interaction

A document prepared for the customer during project initiation and planning that describes what the project will deliver and outlines generally at a high level all work required to complete the project is the: a. Information Systems Plan. b. Project Scope Statement. c. Mission Statement. d. Baseline Project Plan. e. Systems Service Request.

b. Project Scope Statement.

A critical path refers to a. a sequence of task activities whose order and durations indirectly affect the completion date of a project. b. a sequence of task activities whose order and durations directly affect the completion date of a project. c. a sequence of task activities whose order must be performed in parallel. d. a sequence of task activities whose duration cannot last more than 40 percent of the time allotted to the project. e. none of the above.

b. a sequence of task activities whose order and durations directly affect the completion date of a project.

A binary one-to-many relationship in an E-R diagram is best represented by: a. the creation of a separate relation; the primary key of this new relation is a composite key consisting of the primary key for each of the two entities in the relationship. b. adding the primary key attribute (or attributes) of the entity on the one side of the relationship as a foreign key in the relation that is on the many side of the relationship. c. adding the primary key attribute (or attributes) of the entity on the many side of the relationship as a foreign key in the relation that is on the one side of the relationship. d. creating a relation with a composite primary key and nonkey attributes. e. none of the above.

b. adding the primary key attribute (or attributes) of the entity on the one side of the relationship as a foreign key in the relation that is on the many side of the relationship.

The primary deliverable from the conceptual data-modeling step within the analysis phase is: a. a state-transition diagram. b. an entity-relationship diagram. c. a context data flow diagram. d. a decision table. e. Structured English.

b. an entity-relationship diagram.

A relationship that the data modeler chooses to model as an entity type best defines: a. recursive relationship. b. associative entity. c. domain. d. complex relationship. e. complex entity.

b. associative entity.

The analysis technique that finds the amount of time required for the cumulative cash flow from a project to equal its initial and ongoing investment is referred to as: a. return on investment (ROI). b. break-even analysis (BEA). c. net present value (NPV). d. future value (FV). e. Currency Rate Analysis (CRA).

b. break-even analysis (BEA).

The extent to which subsystems depend on each other refers to a. modularity. b. coupling. c. decomposition. d. dependence. e. cohesion.

b. coupling.

An information system does not include a. application software. b. culture. c. documentation and training materials. d. specific job roles associated with the overall system. e. controls.

b. culture.

The most common format used for data modeling is: a. state-transition diagramming. b. entity-relationship diagramming. c. process modeling. d. logic modeling. e. a flowchart.

b. entity-relationship diagramming.

The overall goal or function of a system best defines a. purpose. b. goal. c. objective. d. scope. e. mission.

b. goal.

A candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type is called a(n): a. attribute. b. identifier. c. secondary key. d. gerund. e. index.

b. identifier.

The point of contact where a system meets its environment or where subsystems meet each other best describes a. boundary points. b. interfaces. c. contact points. d. merge points. e. forks.

b. interfaces.

A cost associated with project start-up and development or system start-up refers to a(n): a. recurring cost. b. one-time cost. c. incremental cost. d. infrequent cost. e. consumable cost. Answer: b

b. one-time cost.

The current value of a future cash flow is referred to as: a. future value. b. present value. c. investment value. d. discount rate. e.cash flow rate. Answer: b

b. present value.

The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project refers to: a. noncritical time. b. slack time. c. down time. d. delay time. e. stop time.

b. slack time.

A cost associated with an information system that can be measured in dollars and with certainty best describes: a. economic cost. b. tangible cost. c. intangible cost. d. one-time cost. e. measurable cost. Answer: b

b. tangible cost.

Optimistic time refers to a. the maximum period of time for an activity to be completed. b. the minimum period of time for an activity to be completed. c. the planner's "best guess" of the amount of time the activity actually will require for completion. d. the maximum period of time for an entire project to be completed. e. the average period of time for an activity to be completed.

b. the minimum period of time for an activity to be completed.

Which of the following is a true statement? a. Data characteristics are dynamic. b. A data model explains the transient form of an organization. c. An information system design based on a data orientation, rather than a process or logic orientation, should have a longer useful life. d. Data flow paths are permanent. e. A data model graphically represents the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system.

c. An information system design based on a data orientation, rather than a process or logic orientation, should have a longer useful life.

Which of the following is not a rule for structuring data entry fields? a. Never require data that is already online or that can be computed. b. Always provide default values when appropriate. c. Data entries should not be justified. d. Always place a caption adjacent to fields. e. Provide context-sensitive help when appropriate.

c. Data entries should not be justified.

Reviewing computer screens, reports, and business forms for the purpose of gaining an understanding of data is indicative of the: a. investigative approach. b. business approach. c. bottom-up approach. d. top-down approach. e. conceptual approach.

c. bottom-up approach.

An attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type defines: a. data element occurrence. b. trigger. c. candidate key. d. associative entity. e. data marker.

c. candidate key.

The process of breaking the description of a system down into its smaller components best defines a. coupling. b. cohesion. c. decomposition. d. modularity. e. scaling.

c. decomposition.

A product is an example of a(n): a. data element. b. attribute. c. entity. d. relationship. e. process.

c. entity.

A renewal is an example of a(n): a. data element. b. attribute. c. entity. d. relationship. e. action stub.

c. entity.

A business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in best describes a: a. written procedure. b. turn-around document. c. form. d. report. e. coupon.

c. form.

A cost associated with an information system that cannot be easily measured in terms of dollars or with certainty refers to a(an): a. economic cost. b. tangible cost. c. intangible cost. d. one-time cost. e. nonconsumable cost. Answer: c

c. intangible cost.

The analysis technique that uses a discount rate determined from the company's cost of capital to establish the present value of a project is commonly called: a. return on investment (ROI). b. break-even analysis (BEA). c. net present value (NPV). d. future value (FV). e. Currency Rate Analysis (CRA).

c. net present value (NPV).

A named two-dimensional table of data is a(n): a. network. b. tree structure. c. relation. d. tuple. e. object.

c. relation.

A data model that represents data in the form of tables or relations is called a(n): a. hierarchical database model. b. network database model. c. relational database model. d. hybrid database model. e. object-oriented database model.

c. relational database model.

A benefit derived from the creation of an information system that can be measured in dollars and with certainty is a(n): a. intangible benefit. b. qualitative benefit. c. tangible benefit. d. operational benefit. e. profitable benefit. Answer: c

c. tangible benefit.

Cost reduction and avoidance, error reduction, and increased flexibility are examples of: a. intangible benefits. b. qualitative benefits. c. tangible benefits. d. legal and contractual benefits. e. profitable benefits.

c. tangible benefits.

Realistic time refers to a. the maximum period of time for an activity to be completed. b. the minimum period of time for an activity to be completed. c. the planner's "best guess" of the amount of time the activity actually will require for completion. d. the maximum period of time for an entire project to be completed. e. the average period of time for an activity to be completed.

c. the planner's "best guess" of the amount of time the activity actually will require for completion.

The environment of a state university would not include a. prospective students. b. the legislature. c. the president's office. d. the news media. e. a foundation.

c. the president's office.

Which of the following is an example of a form? a. Invoice b. Pie chart c. Mailing labels d. An electronic spreadsheet e. Weekly sales summaries by region and salesperson

d. An electronic spreadsheet

Which of the following is not a true statement regarding a relation? a. Each relation consists of a set of named columns and an arbitrary number of unnamed rows. b. Each column in a relation corresponds to an attribute of that relation. c. An entry at the intersection of each row and column has a single value. d. Each row in a relation corresponds to an attribute of that relation. e. The rows may be interchanged or stored in any sequence.

d. Each row in a relation corresponds to an attribute of that relation.

Which of the following is not a general guideline for displaying tables and lists? a. Labels should be separated from other information by using highlighting. b. Avoid overly fancy fonts. c. Columns should have at least two spaces between them. d. Right-justify textual data, and use a short line length. e. Similar information displayed in multiple columns should be sorted vertically.

d. Right-justify textual data, and use a short line length.

To identify the financial benefits and cost associated with the development project is the purpose of a. financial feasibility. b. technical feasibility. c. operational feasibility. d. economic feasibility. e. schedule feasibility.

d. economic feasibility.

Each of the following is a true statement about highlighting except: a. highlighting techniques can be used singularly or in combination, depending upon the level of emphasis desired by the designer. b. highlighting should be used conservatively. c. highlighting methods should be consistently selected and used based upon the level of importance of the emphasized information. d. highlighting should be used as frequently as possible to draw the user to or away from certain information and to group together related information. e. it is important to examine how a particular highlighting method appears on all possible output devices that could be used with the system.

d. highlighting should be used as frequently as possible to draw the user to or away from certain information and to group together related information.

Tangible benefits would include: a. improved organizational planning. b. ability to investigate more alternatives. c. improved asset control. d. lower transaction costs. e. first to market.

d. lower transaction costs.

Which of the following are general guidelines for displaying tables and lists? a. All columns and rows should have meaningful labels. b. Place a blank line between every five rows in long columns. c. Use the same family of typefaces within and across displays and reports. d. Allow white space on printed reports for the user to write notes. e. All of the above are guidelines for displaying tables and lists.

e. All of the above are guidelines for displaying tables and lists.

Which of the following is a guideline for displaying text? a. Use double spacing if space permits. b. Do not hyphenate words between lines. c. Left-justify text and leave a ragged right margin. d. Display text in mixed upper- and lowercase and use conventional punctuation. e. All of the above are guidelines for displaying text.

e. All of the above are guidelines for displaying text.

Which of the following is an example of a form? a. Invoice b. Pie chart c. Weekly sales summaries by region and salesperson d. Mailing labels e. Automated teller machine transaction layout

e. Automated teller machine transaction layout

Vehicle identification number, color, weight, and horsepower best exemplify: a. entities. b. entity types. c. data markers. d. identifiers. e. attributes.

e. attributes.

For a binary one-to-one relationship between two entities A and B, the relationship is represented by: a. adding the primary key of A as a foreign key of B. b. adding the primary key of B as a foreign key of A. c. combining the two entities into one relation. d. creating a third relation to represent the relationship between the two entities. e. either a or b.

e. either a or b.

A group of interrelated procedures used for a business function, with an identifiable boundary, working together for some purpose, best defines: a. environment. b. system component. c. constraint. d. interface. e. system.

e. system.