3343 Final T/F

A JAD is an inexpensive, popular requirements determination technique.

FALSE

A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves.

FALSE

A primitive level data-flow diagram is the first deliverable produced during requirements structuring.

FALSE

As a systems analyst, it is part of your job to create a document for a missing work procedure.

FALSE

Assuming anything is possible and eliminating the infeasible describes the reframing characteristic that a systems analyst should be exhibiting during the requirements determination phase.

FALSE

Data-flow diagrams illustrate important concepts about data and their relationships.

FALSE

When comparing observations and document analysis, the chances for follow-up and probing with document analysis are rated high to excellent.

FALSE

When comparing observations and document analysis, the expense of observations is rated moderate.

FALSE

When constructing data-flow diagrams, you should show the interactions that occur between sources and sinks.

FALSE

A logical data model is prepared during systems analysis.

False

A null value is used to represent the zero digit in a relation.

False

A positive aspect of the phased installation approach is that learning can occur and problems can be fixed by concentrating on one site.

False

A primary key should be null.

False

A relation corresponds to a computer file.

False

Designing the database for an Internet-based electronic commerce application differs significantly from the process followed when designing the database for other types of applications.

False

During recovery testing, the analysts try to break the system.

False

During stress testing, the analysts try to determine how the system performs on the range of possible environments on which it may be used.

False

Invoices and mailing labels are examples of forms.

False

Processes, rather than data, are the most complex aspects of many modern information systems.

False

T/F A boundary is the point of contact where a system meets its environment or where subsystems meet each other.

False

T/F A major disadvantage of the Network diagram is its inability to represent completion times and show interrelationships between activities

False

T/F An enterprise resource planning system is one of the three information systems classes

False

T/F An interface separates a system from other systems

False

T/F Cloud computing is best when a supported task is generic and one does not need instant access

False

T/F Cohesion is the extent to which subsystems depend on each other

False

T/F Cohesion is the process of breaking down a system into its smaller components

False

T/F Coupling is a direct result of decomposition

False

T/F Coupling results in smaller and less complex systems that are easier to understand than larger, complicated systems

False

T/F One of the primary benefits of using an enterprise software solution is the short time period required for implementation

False

T/F Opening new markets and increasing sales opportunities is a tangible benefit

False

T/F Systems analysis is the first phase of the systems development life cycle

False

T/F The objective of ROI analysis is to discover at what point cumulative benefits equal costs

False

T/F The systems development live cycle is a sequentially ordered set of phases

False

Use a verb or verb phrase to name an entity.

False

When constructing a data model, the analyst needs to know how, when, and where data are processed.

False

When displaying textual information, use abbreviations and acronyms as often as possible.

False

When preparing an initial prototype of a form or report, the structuring and refinement of the requirements involves much input from the end users.

False

When structuring data entry fields, captions are not always necessary.

False

Where possible, text should appear in all uppercase on forms.

False

A Web site's customer is represented as a source on a data-flow diagram.

TRUE

A context diagram shows the scope of the organizational system, system boundaries, external entities that interact with the system, and the major information flows between entities and the system

TRUE

A course schedule request would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a data-flow.

TRUE

Multiple choice, rating, and ranking are types of closed-ended questions.

TRUE

A multivalued attribute is an attribute that may take on more than one value for each entity instance.

True

A positive aspect of the direct installation approach is that there is a high interest in making installation a success

True

A relationship must be turned into an associative entity when the associative entity has other relationships with entities besides the relationship that caused its creation.

True

A risk associated with the parallel installation approach is that there may be a delay until benefits result.

True

An entity is a person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data.

True

Analysts should consider substituting single-attribute surrogate keys for large composite keys.

True

Cardinality is the number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be associated with each instance of entity A.

True

Designing usable forms and reports requires your active interaction with users.

True

During alpha testing, users test a completed information system using simulated data.

True

During beta testing, users test a completed information system using real data in the real user environment.

True

Each row of a relation corresponds to a record that contains data values for an entity.

True

Highlighting methods should be consistently selected and used based upon the level of importance of the emphasized information.

True

Normalization helps build a data model that is simple, not redundant, and requires minimum maintenance.

True

On the Internet, form interaction is the standard method of gathering and displaying information when consumers order products, request product information, or query account status.

True

One of the purposes of logical and physical database design is to choose data-storage technologies that will efficiently, accurately, and securely process database activities.

True

One way to handle repeating data within an entity is to separate the repeating data into another entity, called a weak entity.

True

The characteristics of data captured during data modeling are crucial in the design of databases, programs, computer screens, and printed reports.

True

The coexistence of the old and new systems is characteristic of the parallel installation approach.

True

The data on all forms and reports must consist of data elements in data stores and on the E-R data model for the application or else be computed from these data elements.

True

The goal of conceptual data modeling is to capture as much of the meaning of data as possible.

True

The names of data stores on primitive-level data flow diagrams often correspond to the names of data entities in entity-relationship (E-R) diagrams.

True

The primary deliverable for the conceptual data-modeling step within the analysis phase is an entity-relationship diagram.

True

The purpose of the conceptual data model is to show as many rules about the meaning and interrelationships among data as possible.

True

The selection of the appropriate storage format for each attribute from the logical database model is made during physical database design.

True

The top-down approach to data modeling derives a data model from an intimate understanding of the nature of the business.

True

The values validation test makes sure that values come from a standard set of values.

True

User documentation is now most often delivered in hypertext format.

True

When selecting an identifier, one should choose a candidate key that will not change its value over the life of each instance of the entity type.

True

When structuring data entry fields, the system should automatically justify data entries.

True

When designing textual output, both the left and right margins should appear justified.

False

A process has a verb label.

TRUE

Coupling is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a data-flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level.

FALSE

Challenging yourself to look at the organization in new ways describes the impertinence characteristic that a systems analyst should exhibit during the requirements determination phase

FALSE

Contrary to popular belief, interviewing is not one of the primary ways analysts gather information about an information systems project.

FALSE

Double-ended arrows are used to represent data flowing in both directions.

FALSE

Finding the best solution to a business problem or opportunity describes the attention to details characteristic that a systems analyst should exhibit during the requirements determination phase.

FALSE

Information refinement means taking the system requirements you find during requirements determination and ordering them into tables, diagrams, and other formats that make them easier to translate into technical system specifications.

FALSE

Logic modeling graphically represents the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system.

FALSE

On a data-flow diagram, a check and payment coupon mailed to the company is represented as a data store.

FALSE

On a data-flow diagram, an arrow represents an action, such as calculating an employee's pay.

FALSE

One of the primary purposes of a DFD is to represent time, giving a good indication of whether data flows occur constantly in real time, once a day, or once a year.

FALSE

Open-ended questions put the interviewee at ease, are easily summarized, and save time.

FALSE

Referencing a JAD session, the sponsor is the individual responsible for organizing and running a JAD session.

FALSE

Since observations are unbiased, they are preferable to other requirements determination techniques.

FALSE

Sources and sinks are internal to the system.

FALSE

The calculation of a student's grade is represented on a data-flow diagram as a data flow.

FALSE

The lowest-level data-flow diagrams are called level-0 diagrams.

FALSE

The prototyping process encourages the formal documentation of system requirements.

FALSE

You should use the interview process to set expectations about the new or replacement system.

FALSE

A risk associated with the direct installation approach is that not all aspects of the new system can be compared to the old system.

False

An enterprise-wide data model is prepared during systems implementation and operation.

False

Conceptual data modeling for an Internet-based electronic commerce application differs significantly from the process followed when analyzing the data needs for other types of applications.

False

Conceptual modeling is performed during systems design.

False

During systems design, a conceptual data model with attributes is prepared.

False

During systems design, an overall test plan is developed.

False

Each column in a relation corresponds to an entity type.

False

Highlighting should be used as often as possible to draw the user away from or to certain information.

False

Referencing a relation, the sequence of columns cannot be interchanged without changing the meaning or use of the relation.

False

T/F The project charter reflects the best estimate of the project's scope, benefits, costs, risks, and resource requirements, given the current understanding of the project

False

T/F variable costs are costs resulting from the ongoing evolution and use of a system

False

T/F: An activity on the critical path will have a slack time of 1

False

The JAD approach is used for designing interfaces and dialogues.

False

The network model is the most common style for a logical database model.

False

The purpose of alpha testing is to determine whether the software, documentation, technical support, and training activities work as intended.

False

The purpose of the testing and usability assessment section of a form design specification is to explain to those who will actually develop the final form why this form exists and how it will be used.

False

The selection of data-storage technologies is made during the systems implementation and operation phase.

False

When designing textual output, you should hyphenate words between lines.

False

When designing textual output, you should use single spacing wherever possible.

False

A data flow represents data in motion, moving from one place in the system to another.

TRUE

A data flow to a data store means update.

TRUE

A data-flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical tool that allows analysts to illustrate the flow of data in an information system.

TRUE

A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data go from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks.

TRUE

A gross violation of DFD consistency would be a level-1 diagram with no level-0 diagram.

TRUE

A level-0 diagram is a data-flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.

TRUE

A major disadvantage of close-ended questions is that useful information that does not quite fit the defined answers may be overlooked as the respondent tries to make a choice instead of providing his or her best answer.

TRUE

As a general guideline, you should prepare an agenda with approximate time limits for different sections of the interview.

TRUE

Because a data flow name represents a specific set of data, another data flow that has even one more or one less piece of data must be given a different, unique name.

TRUE

Because the system's data stores are conceptually inside the one process, no data stores appear on a context diagram.

TRUE

Close-ended questions work well when the major answers to the questions are known.

TRUE

Collection of information is at the core of systems analysis.

TRUE

Data cannot move directly from a source to a sink.

TRUE

Data-flow diagramming is one of several structured analysis techniques used to increase software development productivity.

TRUE

Data-flow diagrams evolve from the more general to the more detailed as current and replacement systems are better understood.

TRUE

During requirements determination, information can be gathered from users of the current system, forms, reports, and procedures.

TRUE

Functional decomposition is a repetitive process of breaking the description or perspective of a system down into finer and finer detail.

TRUE

In documents you can find information about special information processing circumstances that occur irregularly.

TRUE

In documents you can find information about the values of the organization or individuals who can help determine priorities for different capabilities desired by different users.

TRUE

Informal systems develop because of inadequacies of formal procedures, individual work habits, preferences, and resistance to control.

TRUE

Joint Application design and prototyping can help keep the analysis effort at a minimum yet still effective.

TRUE

Meeting notes, procedure manuals, and consultant reports are specific deliverables that might be obtained during the requirements determination process.

TRUE

Neutrality is a guideline for effective interviewing.

TRUE

Open-ended questions are usually used to probe for information when you cannot anticipate all possible responses or when you do not know the precise question to ask.

TRUE

Open-ended questions can put interviewees at ease because they can respond in their own words using their own structure.

TRUE

Structured analysis techniques, such as data-flow diagramming, can help companies avoid misunderstanding how existing systems will have to work with the new system and incorrect specifications for necessary data, forms, and reports.

TRUE

The determination of which items are low in stock is represented on a data-flow diagram as a process.

TRUE

The primary purpose of using JAD in the analysis phase is to collect systems requirements simultaneously from the key people involved with the system.

TRUE

While being observed, employees may follow exact procedures more carefully than they typically do.

TRUE

A default value is a value a field will assume unless an explicit value is entered for that field.

True

A positive aspect of the phased installation approach is that it limits potential harm and costs from system error or failure to certain business activities or functions.

True

A true data entity will have many possible instances, each with a distinguishing characteristic, as well as one or more other descriptive pieces of data.

True

An identifier is a candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type.

True

Good interface design provides a consistent way for moving the cursor to different places on the form, editing characters and fields, moving among form displays, and obtaining help.

True

Highlighting techniques can be used singularly or in combination, depending upon the level of emphasis desired by the designer.

True

Ideally, each data store on a primitive data-flow diagram will be an individual entity.

True

If for every valid value of A the value of B is determined by the value of A, then B is functionally dependent on A.

True

Information systems personnel and end users are the two audiences for the final systems documentation.

True

Installation is the organizational process of changing over from the current information system to a new one.

True

Referencing an employee entity, an employee's skills are an example of a multivalued attribute.

True

Relationships are labeled with verb phrases.

True

T/F A network diagram depicts project tasks and their interrelationships

True

T/F A system's capacity can be viewed as a system constraint

True

T/F A system's environment is everything outside a system's boundary that influences the system

True

T/F Because many projects may be competing for the same investment dollars and may have different useful life expectancies, all costs and benefits must be viewed in relation to their present rather than future value when comparing investment options

True

T/F Critical path scheduling is a scheduling technique whose order and duration of a sequence of task activities directly affects the completion date of a project

True

T/F Decomposition allows the systems analyst to build different parts of the system at independent times and have the help of different analysts.

True

T/F Enterprise-wide systems are large, complex systems that consist of a series of independent system modules

True

T/F IT services firms, packaged software providers, vendors of enterprise-wide solution software, open-source software, and in-house development are sources of software

True

T/F Increased flexibility is an example of an intangible benefit

True

T/F Interfaces exist between subsystems

True

T/F Involving the user in analysis and design is a key advantage to the prototyping technique

True

T/F Joint Application Design (JAD) is a structured process in which users, managers, and analysts work together for several days in a series of intensive meetings to specify or review system requirements.

True

T/F Modularity divides a system into chunks or modules of a relatively uniform size

True

T/F Outsourcing refers to turning over responsibility of some or all of an organization's information systems applications and operations to an outside firm.

True

T/F Site preparation is an example of one time cost

True

T/F The main goal of systems analysis and design is to improve organizational systems, typically through applying software that can help employees accomplish key business tasks more easily and efficiently.

True

T/F The project manager is responsible for initiating, planning, executing, and closing down the project

True

T/F The time value of money compares present cash outlays to future expected returns

True

T/F economic feasibility is a process of identifying the financial benefits and costs associated with a development project

True

T/F most techniques for analyzing economic feasability employ the time value of money concept

True

T/F using enterprise software solutions, a firm can integrate all parts of a business process in a unified information system

True

The contents of a form or report correspond to the data elements contained in an associated data flow located on a data-flow diagram.

True

When displaying tables and lists, you should right-justify numeric data and align columns by decimal points or other delimiters.

True