361: Chapter 22: Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A child with an existing diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder shows signs and symptoms of depression. Which would most likely be prescribed? Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI) Mood stabilizer Tricylic antidepressant Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI)

Which type of intervention may be helpful for children who are bullies? Play therapy Art therapy Social skills training Bibliotherapy

Social skills training

Which is a disturbance of the normal fluency and time patterning of speech? Stuttering Phonologic disorder Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder Expressive language disorder

Stuttering

The mental health nurse assesses for the most common mental health disorder found in children when asking which question? "Do you ever get scolded at school for not sitting still?" "Are you sad often?" "Do you ever hear voices in your head telling you what to do?" "What makes you afraid or nervous?"

"Do you ever get scolded at school for not sitting still?"

A nurse is using limit setting with a child hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder. Which statement made by the nurse would reflect appropriate limit setting? Select all that apply. "Swearing is not allowed here on the unit." "Swearing is a sign of disrespect." "You will lose television privileges for 24 hours if you ignore a unit rule." "When you feel like swearing come and talk to me." "Unit rules are made to keep everyone safe."

"Swearing is not allowed here on the unit." "You will lose television privileges for 24 hours if you ignore a unit rule." "When you feel like swearing come and talk to me."

Assessment of an 8-year-old client reveals communication difficulties and an inability to manage age-appropriate tasks. The child undergoes standardized testing. An intelligent quotient (IQ) of which would support a diagnosis of intellectual disability? 65 75 85 95

65

Below average intellectual functioning is initially diagnosed when an intelligence quotient (IQ) is below which level? 70 50 35 20

70

There is a high comorbidity between __________ and other disorders including substance use/abuse, antisocial behavior, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders.

ADHD

The nurse is assessing a child diagnosed with expressive language disorder. During the assessment, the parents tell the nurse the child had normal speech development until around 3 years of age when the child was involved in a serious car accident. Which part of the body may be affected in the child? Brain Tongue Vocal cords Auditory canal

Brain

Parents are concerned that their 3-year-old is not meeting developmental milestones. Which behavior(s) would indicate a potential concern? Select all that apply. Child does not talk or make any sounds and uses actions rather than words to convey meanings. Child uses word phrases, but it is unclear as to what their meaning is. Child uses verbs and nouns together to convey meaning. Child doesn't respond to name at times. Child prefers to play alone rather than in a group.

Child does not talk or make any sounds and uses actions rather than words to convey meanings. Child doesn't respond to name at times.

A nurse is assessing a child who had an episode of passing feces in the classroom. The child has no other disabilities. The nurse concludes that the child had intentional encopresis. Which other condition is the child likely to have? Rett's disorder Tourette's disorder Conduct disorder Expressive language disorder

Conduct disorder

A nurse is assessing an 8-year-old child. The child is unable to dress without assistance and is not able to manipulate toys, such as building blocks. The child stutters while talking. The difficulty with motor coordination was first noted after the child started to attend school, and it is not an aspect of a general underlying medical condition. What is the most likely diagnosis of the child? Tic disorder Learning disorder Cerebral palsy Developmental coordination disorder

Developmental coordination disorder

True or False: A tic is a sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization that can be suppressed indefinitely.

False

True or False: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is not seen in adults, owing to the fact that children outgrow it.

False

True or False: Encopresis is the repeated voiding of urine during the day or night into the clothing or the bed by a child who is chronologically or developmentally 4 years of age.

False

The nurse is assessing a child with autism spectrum disorder. After reading the medical history, the nurse finds that the child engages in stereotypical motor behavior. Which observation of the child made by the nurse might be indicative of stereotypical motor behavior? Flapping hands repeatedly Using limited gestures to communicate Not being able to engage in play activities Unusual reactions to sounds, smells, and other sensory experiences

Flapping hands repeatedly

A nurse is studying the brain images of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In these images, the nurse would find abnormalities related to which area of the brain? Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe

Frontal lobe

Which is considered a hyperactive/impulsive behavior seen in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? Inability to play quietly Avoiding tasks requiring mental effort Making careless mistakes Frequent forgetfulness in daily activities

Inability to play quietly

A(n) ___________disability involves below-average intellectual functioning (IQ below 70) accompanied by significant limitations in adaptive functioning such as communication skills, self-care, self-direction, academic achievement, work, and health and safety.

Intellectual

Which medication is effective in 70% to 80% of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? Methylphenidate Dextroamphetamine Pemoline Amphetamine

Methylphenidate

The nurse is developing a care plan for a client diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The nurse teaches the client to take the last dose of dextroamphetamine when? Midnight Noon At 6 p.m. At 9 p.m.

Noon

The nurse is counseling a family whose child has autism. When describing this condition, which would the nurse most likely include? Connection to ineffective parental practices Detection after the child enters school Onset before child is 2.5 years old Girls are more frequently affected than boys

Onset before child is 2.5 years old

The nurse is teaching a client's parents about managing the child's tic disorder. The nurse explains that it is extremely important for the child to get plenty of rest. What is the primary reason for the nurse to provide this education? Choose the best answer. Physical stress and fatigue can increase symptoms in tic disorder. Good sleep may normalize the transmission of dopamine. Repetitive motor movements cause fatigue, and the child needs rest. Mental stress from the disorder could make the child depressed.

Physical stress and fatigue can increase symptoms in tic disorder.

A nursing student is aware that which accounts for more deaths, illnesses, and disabilities across the life span than any other preventable condition? Motor vehicle accidents Substance abuse disorders Falls Mood disorders

Substance abuse disorders

A nurse is working with a child undergoing behavioral modification therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The nurse finds that the child is thin. What could be the most likely reason for this observation? The child finds food distasteful. The child cannot sit through meals. The child has decreased appetite. The child is genetically predisposed to being thin.

The child cannot sit through meals.

The nurse expects the child with expressive language disorder is likely to present with which nursing assessment finding? The child is mute. The child stutters while speaking. The child has difficulty forming complete sentences. The child has difficulty understanding the meaning of words.

The child has difficulty forming complete sentences.

A nurse is caring for a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The child is given medication and behavioral modification therapy to treat the condition. Which outcome achieved within 3 days would indicate successful therapy? The child is able to express positive statements about the self. The child is able to complete assignments or tasks with assistance. The child is able to interact and to develop successful peer relationships. The child is able to demonstrate successful interaction with family members over a long period of time.

The child is able to complete assignments or tasks with assistance.

A(n) __________ is a sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization.

Tic

A nurse is caring for a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The nurse asks the child to draw pictures of the child and family members. What is the most likely rationale for this intervention? To release excessive energy To reduce hyperactivity in the child To reward the child for adaptive behavior To help the child self-express

To help the child self-express

__________ disorder involves multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics, which occur many times a day for more than 1 year.

Tourette

True or False: Autism spectrum disorder is more commonly diagnosed in boys than in girls.

True

True or False: Rumination is the repeated regurgitation and rechewing of food.

True

Which child has the greatest risk for exhibiting bullying behaviors? an adolescent female whose parents are divorced a school-age male whose mother recently remarried a school-age male who has divorced parents and a history of physical abuse an adolescent female who exhibits low self-esteem and relationship difficulties

a school-age male who has divorced parents and a history of physical abuse

__________ play involves the use of play techniques that aid in understanding the child's thoughts and feelings and help in communication.

therapeutic