370 Sherpath
Which parental practice encourages motor vehicle safety for a school-aged child?
Fastening seat belt for every ride The child seeing the parents consistently wear their seatbelts helps to encourage motor vehicle safety.
Match the period of cognitive development according to Piaget with the corresponding age group.
Birth - 2 years: Sensorimotor 2-7 years: Preoperational thought 7-11 years: Concrete operations 11 years - adulthood: formal operations
The nurse is discussing appropriate safety for school-aged children with the parents of a six-year-old and a 10-year-old. Which safety recommendations can the nurse make that are appropriate for both children?
"Always use sunscreen while outdoors." Sun protection is an important safety issue for all ages and should be addressed for any child spending time outdoors. "Discuss not allowing unfamiliar adults into the home." Not opening the door to strangers is an important safety issue for both six and 10-year-old children. "Ensure guns are in a locked vault, in a separate location from the ammunition." Gun safety is similar for all school-aged children and includes keeping guns locked up and ammunition separate. "Children should protect their eardrums by listening to only moderate-volume music and television." Listening to loud music is a safety concern for all school-aged children.
An adolescent patient is concerned by sore gums and worries that it is a manifestation of a serious disease. Which actions does the nurse recommend to address the underlying cause of the patient's symptoms?
"Be sure to clean around your braces really well." Wearing bracing can result in less effective cleaning, leading to gingivitis, resulting in sore and bleeding gums. "Eliminate sweets and sugary beverages from your diet." Eating sweets and sugary beverages can contribute to gingivitis, leading to sore gums. Moreover, the high amounts of sugar is not healthy for the tooth enamel. "Gargle with a mix of salt and baking soda a few times per day." Salt and baking soda reduces germs and rinses away debris, helping gums to heal.
The mother of an infant asks the nurse for suggestions about ways to calm her infant's crying. Which response(s) by the nurse are appropriate?
"Crying may cause increased gas causing pain." "You can try swaddling. This can be very calming." "Using a baby swing can comfort an irritable infant."
Which statement made by a child suggests that bullying may be occurring?
"He made fun of me at school because of my weight." Teasing is a form of bullying when it makes a person feel distressed. "He told people that I failed my test when really I didn't." Spreading rumors about another person is a type of bullying. "He sent me unwanted email messages that made me feel nervous." The incidence of cyberbullying, or bullying via email or social media, has increased in the past 10 years and continues to be a problem among school-aged children.
The nurse teaches the 14-year-old patient about reliable resources for sexual education. The nurse knows further teaching is needed when the patient makes what statements?
"I have a friend whose older brother has had a bunch of girlfriends." Listening to a friend in class discuss sexual education they learned from an older sibling is not an appropriate environment to learn about sex. The information may not be accurate. "Sometimes I go to my friends' house and we look at videos of naked girls." The videos referenced provide a limited and fantasy-oriented view of sex. "I talk about sex with my older friends who know things because they've done 'it'." Discussing sex in a group of peers is not an appropriate environment to learn about sex. The information received may be inaccurate.
An adolescent reports eating primarily salads with low-fat dressing and raw vegetables. Which recommendations should the nurse make to ensure the patient consumes a healthy nutritious diet?
"Include chicken, tuna, or tofu in your salad." Adding protein such as tofu, soy, beans, or eggs, will help ensure the patient has sufficient protein in the diet. "Add a slice of whole wheat bread to your meal." Grains should represent a significant portion of the daily calories. An adolescent eating mostly salads and vegetables should add more grains to the diet.
The parent of a four-year old child is concerned because the child has lost several teeth. What response by the nurse is most appropriate?
"It is normal at this age for your child to begin losing deciduous teeth." Children may begin to lose deciduous teeth around four to five years of age. This is a normal occurrence, and the deciduous teeth should be replaced by permanent teeth.
The nurse prepares to teach the caregivers of a three-year-old about gun safety. The caregivers stop the nurse, indicating that the child will not be exposed to guns because there are no guns in the house and therefore gun safety teaching is unnecessary. What is the best response by the nurse regarding the need for gun safety education?
"It is prudent to learn gun safety before your child is exposed to guns outside of the home." Even though parents may not keep a gun in the house, children may visit friends whose parents do. Parents and caregivers should learn about and teach children gun safety before the children are exposed to guns outside of the house.
A nurse is teaching caregivers appropriate safety guidelines for their four-year-old child regarding firearm safety, burn safety, and personal safety. Which teaching from the nurse is appropriate for all safety situations?
"Make the child aware of the danger." For any dangerous situation, it is important to communicate with the child so that they are informed and prepared if put in that situation. "The child should go to a trusted adult if there is a safety concern." In every situation involving child safety, the child should understand that a trusted adult should be alerted. "Communicate your safety rules in a clear and precise manner." When reviewing safety measures, communication is key. Clear and precise instructions can help a child understand the appropriate action.
The 16-year-old patient talks excitedly with the nurse about the freedom of having a driver's license. Which statements by the patient need clarification by the nurse?
"My friends and I are headed to the water fall this weekend for a camping trip." Swimming in a dangerous area without supervision contributes to adolescent drowning deaths. If it is this patient's intention to be the driver, it is dangerous for multiple teenagers to ride together. "It feels good to know that if things get too out of control at home that I can leave." This statement needs immediate clarification. What gets out of control? If there is violence in the home, the nurse will need to get child protective services involved.
The nurse is evaluating the teaching provided to the parents of a three-year-old. Which statements made by the parents about motor vehicle safety recommendations would indicate to the nurse that teaching has been effective?
"Our child should be positioned in a forward-facing car seat." "Our child should be fastened into the car seat with a five-point harness."
A patient who is pregnant asks the nurse how to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) when the baby is born. Which recommendations should the nurse provide to the patient?
"Place your baby on the back to sleep." Laying the baby on the back to sleep is a recommendation that will reduce the extrinsic risk for SIDS. Studies have associated the prone sleeping position with SIDS; therefore, infants should always be placed supine in the crib. "Have your baby sleep in the crib only." Having the baby sleep only in the crib is a recommendation to reduce the extrinsic risk for SIDS. When infants are left to sleep in other places like sofas or large beds with pillows and blankets, the risk of SIDS is increased. "Do not expose your baby to second-hand smoke." Avoid second-hand smoke around the baby is a recommendation that will reduce the extrinsic risk for SIDS. Smoking is one of the modifiable risk factors for SIDS. "Avoid smoking and alcohol during your pregnancy." Smoking and drinking alcohol while pregnant should be avoided for many reasons. These activities are also associated with a greater risk of SIDS after the baby is born.
The nurse is working with parents who have reported that their toddler has had several temper tantrums. Which statements by the nurse suggest appropriate strategies for responding to a temper tantrum?
"Tell the child that temper tantrums are not okay and put the child in his room until he calms down."
The nurse is teaching the parents of an infant about motor vehicle safety recommendations in order to protect their child in the event of a car crash. Which statements would indicate to the nurse that the teaching has been effective?
"The infant car seat should have a three or five-point harness." "The infant car seat should be placed in the middle of the back seat." "Ideally, we should make sure our car seat and the car itself use the LATCH system."
The nurse is evaluating the teaching provided to parents about fall prevention for toddlers. Which statement(s) by the parents indicate that the teaching was effective?
"We need to install screen guards in our windows." "We should remove any furniture that can be easily moved or tilted."
A child is being seen with dental malocclusion. The child's caregiver asks the nurse how the child's oral health routine will have to change with braces. What is the nurse's best response?
"Your child should clean the teeth and use a water flosser several times per day." Brushing after every meal or snack and using a water flosser is recommended to keeping gums healthy and removing any food particles that may be stuck in the braces.
A typical dietary pattern for optimal growth and development includes which proportions of fat, carbohydrate, and protein?
20% fat, 50% carbohydrate, and 30% protein
Childhood obesity is defined as a BMI in which category?
>95th percentile
A 14-year-old patient with cancer asks the nurse about dying. The nurse has had multiple conversations with the parents who have insisted that this information not be shared with the child. Which action would the nurse take next? A. Pursue an ethics consult. B. Discuss the situation with the parents. C. Discuss the situation with the nurse manager. D. Be honest with the child and answer the question.
A
A nurse is caring for a child with a chronic illness who was recently hospitalized due to complications of the illness. After leaving the patient's room, the nurse notices a sibling standing outside the room looking very angry. The sibling says, "Today is my birthday and nobody even cares." Which response from the nurse is best? A. "You sound upset. Tell me more about how you are feeling." B. "Happy Birthday! Let's find you something to celebrate with." C. "Your parents care about you; let's try to be positive in this situation." D. "Let's go see your brother since he is sick, and then we can celebrate your birthday."
A
The healthy sister of a 9-year-old male with cystic fibrosis approaches the nurse and states, "I feel so guilty my brother is sick and I'm not." Which response by the nurse is appropriate? A. "Could you tell me a little more about how you are feeling?" B. "Feeling guilty is normal for someone your age, it will go away." C. "I know you feel bad, but you should be thankful that you aren't sick." D. "It's okay to feel guilty, you are able to do things your brother can't."
A
Which statement corresponds to Freud's puberty stage of psychosexual development? A) A child who places an object in his or her mouth B) A child who tries to control body functions C) A child who experiences personal and family turmoil D) A child who begins to develop a conscience and feelings of guilt
A child who experiences personal and family turmoil
A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic and after assessing the child's head circumference, the nurse notes that the head circumference for this baby has gone from the 50th percentile to 10th percentile since the 2-month visit. What might this indicate?
A delay in skull growth Disturbances in nutrition intake A problem with brain development
Which statement describes how nurses can use Piaget's theories in a pediatric setting? A) Nurses can use the theories to develop teaching plans for children. B) Nurses can use the theories to predict health outcomes in children. C) Nurses can use the theories to understand the cognitive basis of fears. D) Nurses can use the theories to understand the physiological basis for disease. E) Nurses can use the theories to understand psychosexual stages of development.
A, B, C
A 16-year-old patient with cerebral palsy is having a birthday party and receiving a lot of attention from family and the home health care staff. A younger sibling is at the birthday party but looking unhappy. Which actions by the home health nurse are appropriate in this situation? A. Ask the sibling about a special personal birthday event. B. Talk with the parents about reading a book to the sibling every night. C. Talk with the parents about taking the sibling to a movie later that day. D. Encourage the sibling to help cut the birthday cake and scoop ice cream. E. Encourage the sibling to avoid being negative and to be a positive support for the sibling.
A, B, C, D
In evaluating a child with a chronic illness, which additional actions by the nurse assist in identifying the child's expected developmental process? A. Observe for the presence of developmental delays. B. Observe for age-appropriate responses by the ill child. C. Observe errors in the child's perception of the chronic illness. D. Monitor for miscommunication between family members regarding the child's illness. E. Evaluate the influence of the family's cultural beliefs on the child's cognitive milestone.
A, B, C, D
A nurse is discussing disease management options with a family who is coping with chronic illness. The nurse notices a sibling who is withdrawn. What should the nurse do to help the sibling feel more involved? A. Engage with and ask if the sibling has any questions. B. Enquire about how much time the sibling spends with the parents. C. Engage child to help support the sibling while visiting. D. Encourage the sibling to discuss any negative feelings with the child who is ill. E. Express interest and ask about the extracurricular activities the sibling is involved in.
A, B, C, E
Parents of a child with asthma are feeling overwhelmed and worried about how to access care to meet their child's health care needs. What should the nurse do to help the parents in this situation? a. Provide the parent with the clinic hours of operation. b. Provide the parent with information about after-hour clinic provider coverage. c. Gently remind the parents that excessive worry can have a negative effect on the child. d. Utilize nursing resources to provide information on asthma and when to seek medical attention. e. Provide the parent with the address and telephone number of the closest emergency department.
A, B, D, E
Why are age-appropriate growth parameters (height, weight, head circumference) measured and plotted at each well-child visit? A) To help monitor neurological development B) To help evaluate basal metabolic rate (BMR) C) To predict the amount of fat cells gained yearly D) To calculate body mass index (BMI) in children over 2 years of age E) To monitor changes in growth rates, which can indicate an underlying health
A, B, D, E
Parents of a two-year-old child with type 1 diabetes are concerned about their child's diabetes and its impact over time. How should the nurse respond to their concerns? A. Teach and help the parents adjust and cope with the child having type 1 diabetes. B. Formulate a plan of care based on the manifestations and pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. C. Inform the parents how treatment for type 1 diabetes will be incorporated into their daily lives. D, Inform the parents that care needs and approaches will likely change as the child grows and develops. E. Help prepare the parents to care for the child by letting them know what future school accommodations to expect with type 1 diabetes.
A, C, D, E
The parents of a young child report that the child is not eating well during mealtime. What information should the nurse ascertain to appropriately assess the eating concern?
Accessibility to food Knowing if the child has easy access to food will help the nurse appropriately assess the eating concern. Limited access to food may lead to a problem with the child's nutrition. The nurse could assist the family in accessing resources. How the child snacks Knowing how the child snacks will help the nurse appropriately assess the eating concern. Many children can fill up on snacks, then not want to eat their food at mealtime. Which foods are provided Knowing what foods are provided will help the nurse appropriately assess the eating concern. There should be a variety of foods offered.
Which problem behaviors can occur when leaving a child home alone after school?
Alcohol use Drinking alcohol is a problem behavior that can result from leaving a child home alone after school. During this time the child needs guidance and direction, especially for doing chores and homework. Binge eating Inappropriate eating habits are a problem behavior that can result from leaving a child home alone after school. The lack of direction and supervision allows children to experiment with unwanted behaviors. Drug experimentation Drug use is a problem behavior that can result from leaving a child home alone after school. During this time the child needs guidance and supervision, especially for doing chores and homework.
A cephalocaudal pattern of growth is seen in which aspect of motor development? A) An infant will be able to roll front to back before he or she can crawl. B) An infant can use their upper limbs before he or she is able to use their lower limbs. C) An infant will be able to point to a moving object before they can bat the object. D) An infant will be able to lift the head before they demonstrate tripod sitting.
An infant can use their upper limbs before he or she is able to use their lower limbs.
The nurse assesses the 14-year-old patient for suicide risk after the parents reported the patient was cutting. Which intervention is the priority action by the nurse?
Assess the patient for a suicide plan. A person with a plan to commit suicide is at high risk for actually committing suicide. This must be assessed before other interventions are performed, and until the cause of the cutting can be properly addressed.
A 15-year-old patient is a member of the school's swim team. When educating on water safety, which water safety recommendation takes priority?
Avoid drugs and alcohol Avoiding drugs and alcohol is a water safety recommendation that would take priority. Drugs and alcohol can lower inhibitions and lead to an increased risk for injury in and around the water.
The parents of an overweight nine-year-old are concerned about their child's eating habits. Which recommendations can the nurse make for family-wide changes that may impact their child's food choices?
Avoid giving food for reward Not using food as a reward is a recommendation that the nurse would make for family-wide changes to impact children's food choices. This recommendation focuses more on eating than nutrition. Increase the number of home-cooked meals Increasing home-cooked meals and reducing the amount of fast food eaten is a recommendation that the nurse would make for family-wide changes to impact children's food choices. Fast food is high in calories and not nutritious.
A student nurse is learning the best way to measure the head circumference of an infant. Which is the appropriate advice? A) Measure across the pinna and over the broadest part of the parietal bone B) Wrap a no-stretch measuring tape above the supraorbital ridges and over the most prominent part of the occiput C) Wrap a no-stretch measuring tape around the forehead, across the temporal bone, and over the least prominent part of the occiput D) Wrap a no-stretch measuring tape across the widest part of the zygomatic arch and around the least prominent part of the occiput
B
The mother of a 4-year-old child with a heart defect is feeling overwhelmed with explaining an upcoming surgery to the child. What should the nurse do to help the parent's communication in this circumstance? A. Encourage the parent to show the child a picture of the heart B. Describe the operation in appropriate terms using dolls and a model of the heart C. Provide a pamphlet to the parents on congenital heart defects to review with the child D. Advise the parent to read a book about being in the hospital to the child and answer any questions
B
The nurse senses sadness in a parent with a child who has terminal cancer. Which action is the most appropriate for the nurse take in this situation? A. Place a referral to the hospital's chaplain. B. Allow the parent to talk and express emotions. C. Place a referral to a psychotherapist for grief counseling. D. Provide the parent with a list of support groups in the area.
B
What factors make children more vulnerable to environmental exposures? A) Small body surface area B) Large body surface area C) Increased metabolic rate and growth D) Slow and gradual developing tissue in many body systems E) Immature and rapidly developing tissue in multiple body systems
B, C, E
A patient is learning to cope with a newly diagnosed chronic illness. To help the patient adjust, which actions should the nurse take? A. Initiate a standardized plan of care for the child B. Help the child with incorporating the illness into each stage of life C. Provide nursing interventions during acute exacerbations of the illness D. Provide support as the child accepts the illness as a part of each stage of life E. Educate the child in a way that there is an understanding that illness will be present long-term
B, D, E
Which two influences on growth and development increase the risk of occurrence of multifactorial birth defects?
If one close relative has a severe form of the defect, then the risk for multifactorial birth defects increases. If several close relatives have the defect, whether mild or severe, it will increase the risk for multifactorial birth defects.
A child with sickle cell disease expresses a desire to spend more time with a sibling who has not been seen because the family lives far away from the hospital. Which actions by the nurse should be most appropriate? A. Ask the health provider for a day pass so the ill child can visit the sibling. B. Ask the parents for a picture of the sibling to keep at the ill child's bedside. C. Ask the parents to bring the sibling to visit in the next few days when possible. D. Provide the child with books and movies to distract the ill child from thinking about the sibling.
C
The parent of an eight-year-old child is frustrated because the child constantly makes up reasons not to attend school. The child's health care provider ruled out any serious health issues. The nurse should suggest that the parent take which actions to address this behavioral problem?
Be firm in enforcing school attendance The nurse should suggest the parent be firm in enforcing school attendance. Being firm does not allow the child to manipulate the situation. Encourage group activities with peers The nurse should suggest the parent should be encouraging group activities and emphasizing the positive aspects of school. Rationally discuss the reasons the child wants to stay home The child should be gently questioned about factors at school that cause worry or fear. Specific causes, such as a bully or an overly critical teacher, should be dealt with immediately.
A mother of a male baby reported smoking occasionally while pregnant. She reports allowing the baby to sleep in the bed with her, on a firm mattress without any covers. Which factors put this baby at risk for SIDS?
Being a male baby Smoking occasionally in the house Allowing the baby to sleep in the bed
The school administrators are trying to help an adolescent who constantly gets in trouble for fighting. Which of the following are risk factors for adolescent use of violence?
Being raised by an abusive parent Physical violence in the home leads to an increased acceptability of violence and desensitization in the adolescent. Playing video games involving shooting Playing a violent video game with friends is associated with violent behaviors.
An 8-year-old patient is having problems adjusting to daily radiation treatments. Which is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take to help with the adjustment? a. Collaborate with the oncology radiologist. b. Encourage the parents to comfort the child. c. Have a discussion with the child life specialist. d. Educate the child on the importance of the treatments.
C
Which scenario would indicate that a child is at the latency stage of psychosexual development? A) A 2-year-old child who constantly places objects in his or her mouth B) A 13-year-old boy who finds excuses to talk to his female friend in class C) A 9-year-old girl who refuses to sit next to a boy on the bus because she is afraid of "boy germs" D) A 15-year-old child who fights with his or her mother about wanting to stay out late on weekends
C) A 9-year-old girl who refuses to sit next to a boy on the bus because she is afraid of "boy germs"
A parent confides in the nurse and states, "I believe it's my fault that my child is sick." The parent is crying and also admits to not sleeping well at night. Which actions by the nurse are most appropriate? A. Discuss the concept of "survivor guilt" with the parent. B. Educate the parent on over-the-counter sleep medicine. C. Recommend a referral to a psychologist specializing in grief therapy. D. Talk with the child's health care provider regarding the parent's statements. E. Provide the parent with the date and time of the next grief support meeting in the area.
C, D, E
Why would an adolescent engage in "sexting"?
Fit in with peers. Engaging in sexting may be a way that adolescents attempt to fit in with a peer group. Attract a partner. Adolescents may use sexting may as a way to gain a potential partner. Make himself feel more important. Engaging in sexting allows the adolescent to make himself feel more important. This shows they are doing something that makes them stand out.
Which directional pattern of growth is seen in early infant development? Dorsolateral Ventromedial Ventrolateral Cephalocaudal
Cephalocaudal
In order for toilet training to be successful, a toddler should demonstrate which signs of toilet training readiness?
Child can undress without assistance. The child's ability to remove his or her own pants is a sign of readiness for toilet training. Child removes a soiled diaper without assistance. Dislike of wet or soiled diapers is a sign of readiness for toilet training. Child sits through a movie without wetting a diaper. Having dry periods of at least two hours is a sign of readiness for toilet training.
Match Freud's stage of psychosexual development to the corresponding activity.
Child is found playing with contents of diaper. Anal stage Child has an increased interest in genitals. Phallic stage Child's superego represses thoughts of sexuality. Latency stage Child experiences personal and family turmoil. Puberty stage
The parent of a five-year-old child is frustrated by the child's tendency to hit and pull hair when angry. The nurse assures the parent that this lack of impulse control can be normal for children and to address the problem in which ways?
Clearly define rules Clearly defining rules and setting boundaries for the child can help the child learn self-confidence, self-control, and family expectations. Enforce rules consistently The child must be consistently disciplined for acts that are destructive, socially unacceptable, or morally wrong. To prevent confusion and anxiety, the consequences of misbehavior should be articulated in advance and carried out immediately after misbehavior occurs. When the child is disciplined for misbehavior, a simple, truthful explanation of why the behavior was unacceptable should be given. Explain truthfully why the rule is set When the child is disciplined for misbehavior, a simple, truthful explanation of why the behavior was unacceptable should be given. This will help the child understand the rules better.
A new parent reports that the infant cries incessantly in the evenings, often pulling the arms and legs into the body. The nurse understands that this may be due to which infant condition?
Colic Incessant crying and pulling the arms and legs into the body indicate a child with colic.
The public health nurse is teaching community nurses about factors affecting the health of infants. Which factors that may affect infant risk for dental caries should the nurse include in the lesson?
Coming from a low family income Using bottled water to mix formula Drinking after a mother with cavities Offering soda in a sippy cup to the baby
Match the student's behavioral problem with the relevant manifestation.
Complaint of feeling sick while at school School refusal Pushing another child to assert authority Peer victimization Drinking alcohol while home alone after school Problems associated with self-care
Which factor affecting growth and development is defined as the sum of beliefs and values shared and transmitted from generation to generation? Social Family Culture Physiological Psychological
Culture
A 10-year-old patient with scoliosis comes to the clinic and asks the nurse a question about an uncomfortable medical procedure. Which is the nurse's most appropriate response? A. "The procedure isn't too bad; you'll be fine." B. "The procedure may be uncomfortable, but we all feel things differently." C. "The procedure is somewhat uncomfortable, but you have nothing to worry about." D. "The procedure can be uncomfortable; let's talk about things you can do to help you through it."
D
Parents of a 3-year-old patient are expressing fear over treatments used for their child's illness. What action by the nurse should be most effective for reducing fear in the parents? A. Provide information on support groups related to the illness B. Initiate a referral to a psychotherapist for grief counseling services C. Assess the parent's spiritual beliefs and practices related to the illness D. Provide information related to the illness and current treatment modalities
D
Parents of a child with type 1 diabetes tell the nurse, "Our child will never have the life we dreamed for him." Which response by the nurse is appropriate? A. "Your child will be able to live whatever life they choose." B. "You must remain positive or your child will become discouraged." C. "You are grieving the loss of your 'perfect' child. Tell me more about how you feel." D. "There have been great advances in treating type 1 diabetes. Let me share them with you."
D
What is a child at the concrete operational stage able to understand?
Fact vs. fiction During the period of concrete operations, the child is no longer bound by perceptions and can distinguish fact from fantasy. The concept of time becomes increasingly clear during this stage, although far past and far future events remain obscure. Although reasoning powers increase rapidly during this stage, the child cannot deal with abstractions or with socialized thinking.
The parents of a preschooler report that their child will only go to bed at night if provided with a bottle of juice. Which consequences of this practice should the nurse describe to the parents?
Dental cavities Sweets, especially if consumed at bedtime, can cause enamel erosion and lead to dental caries. Malocclusion of permanent teeth If deciduous teeth are lost early because of decay, the remaining teeth may drift out of position, blocking proper eruption of the permanent teeth and leading to malocclusion.
The nurse teaches the adolescent about engaging in risk-taking behaviors. In most states, the adolescent will be able to obtain care under the Minors' Consent Law for which issues?
Depression Mental health services are available to adolescents without consent. HIV exposure STI services are covered in most states without parental notification. Prenatal care Prenatal care and adoption is often available with parental consent. Abortion is covered in few states. Alcohol abuse Alcohol abuse and drug treatment is available in many states. Contraception services Contraception is available in most states without parental consent.
A three-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department with a third-degree burn on her hand. The mother is extremely distressed and says to the nurse: "My daughter is so active and curious—it is hard to predict her behavior." Why is it important for the nurse to discuss developmental milestones when advising this parent about safety measures?
Discussing developmental milestones will help the mother prepare for the type of behavior the child will exhibit now and in the future. Discussing motor milestones, including increased motor capacity, explains why the child will be reaching and moving quickly, making the child more prone to accidents. Discussing cognitive milestones, including increased curiosity and the desire to explore without understanding the consequences of actions, will help the parent understand the need for child-proofing the home and close supervision of the child at this age.
Which water safety guideline is a priority for children playing in a neighborhood pool?
Do not dive into water Parents should always check any water in which the child will play. However, children should be instructed to only jump feet first, and not dive, to prevent potential neck injury.
Which pedestrian safety recommendations are common to enforce in children who ride bikes, inline skates, and skateboards?
Do not listen to music Children should avoid using audio headphones while riding any moving recreational equipment, because headsets can diminish hearing capabilities. Children may not hear an approaching vehicle. Do not ride when sunlight is dim Children should be taught to avoid riding at dusk or in the dark, as they cannot see well. Wear appropriate head protection Wearing a helmet is a priority safety recommendation that is common to biking, inline skating, and skateboarding. Moreover, child helmet laws exist in all states.
The parents of a preschool-aged patient report that their child moans and screams during the night. The child's eyes are open, but the child does not remember anything the next morning. What should the nurse instruct the parents to do during these episodes?
Do not wake the child. The child is likely having a night terror. The parents should be advised not to wake or try to comfort the child, as the child will not remember the episode in the morning.
The parents of a preschool-aged child are distressed by the child's inability to speak smoothly. The parents explain that the words seem to get stuck as they leave the child's mouth and that the child seems to have trouble putting words together. The nurse explains that this may be a form of which common speech problem in children?
Dysfluency Dysfluency describes stammering and stuttering often experienced by preschool-aged children. Dysfluency may be more frequent during times of excitement, when formulating long and complex sentences, or when trying to think of a particular word. Most children grow out the problem.
The parents of a two-and-half-year-old-patient are frustrated by their child's preference for only chicken nuggets. The nurse suggests which action(s) to help their child appreciate new tastes and encourage the consumption of a variety of foods?
Eat a wide variety of foods as a family. Talk with the child about the foods they like most.
Match the period of cognitive development with the appropriate characteristic.
Egocentric view of the world. Sensorimotor Thinking is magical and dominated by perception. Preoperational Thinking becomes logical. Concrete operational Situations can be analyzed. Formal operational
Which is an example of a negative influence affecting a school-aged child's food choices?
Exposure to fast food commercials Fast food commercials provide a negative influence affecting a school-aged child's food choices.
A rapid pace of growth is common in which age group?
From birth to 2 years During this period the growth rate is high compared to other age groups. The child grows rapidly, tripling birth weight at 1 year and quadrupling birth weight by age 2. From puberty to 15 years From the onset of puberty to 15 years, the growth rate is high compared to other age groups. Hormonal influences during this time prepare the body for adulthood, including this growth spurt, a deposition of fats stores, secondary sexual characteristics, and, for girls, menarche.
The parents of a three-year-old toddler report that the child refuses to eat dinner and will only eat once or twice a day. Which responses by the nurse are most appropriate?
Gather the child's weekly food history. Advise parents to offer smaller portions at mealtime.
Multifactorial birth defects result because of a combination of which two factors?
Genetics Environment
A father asks the nurse for advice on caring for the teeth of his five-month-old infant who just cut the first two. Which recommendations should the nurse make?
Gently brush the teeth with a wet cloth. Gently brushing the teeth can help prevent tooth decay and gum disease in infants. It is important for the parent to use a soft cloth with water to rub gently while cleaning the infant's teeth. Do not put your baby to bed with a bottle. This recommendation can help reduce dental caries. If the baby is left in the crib with a bottle, the milk can coat the teeth and allow bacteria to form a biofilm and erode the tooth enamel overnight.
The parents of an 11-month-old infant are inquiring as to the foods they should avoid feeding their infant. The nurse should instruct the parent to avoid which foods?
Honey Whole grapes Whole grapes should be avoided due to the risk for choking. Parents should be taught to cut all foods into small bitesize pieces.
Which fire safety recommendation is a priority for school-aged children, as it takes advantage of their developing cognitive abilities?
How to use appliances safely How to safely use appliances is a fire safety recommendation that is priority for school-aged children. At this age, they are becoming interested in helping with chores.
When educating a caregiver about personal safety for a preschooler, which information would the nurse indicate as most important for the child to learn?
Identification of a dangerous person Distinguishing a stranger from a well-intentioned person is challenging and often difficult for the preschooler. Strangers are often portrayed as evil, and may not appear as such in a real-life situation. Therefore, it is appropriate to teach "stranger danger."
An adolescent reports feeling fatigued and unable to focus during the day. Which lifestyle changes can the nurse recommend for this patient?
Implementing a sleep routine Implementing a sleep routine can help improve sleep because it prepares the body for sleep, promotes relaxation, and helps maintain a regular sleep/wake cycle. Avoiding caffeine before bed Avoiding drinking caffeine before bed can help improve sleep. Caffeine is a stimulant and will interrupt or delay sleep. Discontinuing use of electronic devices at least one hour before bedtime Discontinuing the use of electronic devices at least one hour before bedtime is a lifestyle change that the nurse can suggest to improve the patient's sleeping habits. The light from electronic devices is stimulating and interferes with melatonin release, which helps set sleep/wake cycles.
Match the stage of development according to Erikson with the corresponding age group.
Infancy - Trust v. Mistrust Toddlerhood - Autonomy v. Shame Preschool - Initiative v. Guilt School age - Industry vs. inferiority
A mother presents to the nurse and states, "just recently my child has developed a positive, 'can-do' attitude towards all of her tasks." Based on this comment the child has recently reached which stage of psychosocial development according to Erikson?
Initiative vs guilt
How does Erickson's theory of child development influence pediatric nursing?
It provides a theoretical basis for the emotional care required for nursing.
The nurse is providing discharge teaching to the mother of a two-day-old newborn. The mother expresses concern about how her three-year-old toddler will react to the new baby. The nurse explains that the toddler may experience which common reaction(s) to a new baby?
Jealousy and feelings of resentment
Fear of punishment is the hallmark of which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
Level of premorality Children at this level have no real understanding of right and wrong. Children will do what they are told to do rather than what is right. The child will demonstrate acceptable behavior because of a fear of punishment.
A child prefers to be with friends rather than with parents. The child is demonstrating which of Kohlberg's levels of morality?
Level of self-accepted moral principles
The nurse is creating safety brochures about the prevention of poisoning for different population groups. The nurse identifies which recommendations to include for parents and caregivers of infants?
Lock all medication cabinets. Place all houseplants out of reach. Evaluate your home for lead sources.
A child who feels guilty about stealing a toy is demonstrating which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 3) A child will start to have feelings of guilt at this stage, as they are starting to become socially sensitive. Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 4) This stage is when the child starts to have a concern for social order and begins to show respect for authority. This is exhibited by school-age children who would feel guilty about stealing a toy. Morality of self-accepted moral principles (stage 5) This reflects a time when there is a concern for what is good for all. The individual will develop a conscience at this stage.
Match the parental activity with the learning it fosters when preparing a child for preschool.
Motor skills Putting together a birdhouse Reading readiness Visiting a library during story time General knowledge Visiting a wildlife refuge Intellectual development Making a scrapbook
A nurse is measuring the height and weight of a 4-year-old child during the well-child visit. The child's parents comment that they are concerned that the child's growth seems to have slowed down since the child was a toddler. The nurse knows that this is because of which factors?
Normal growth slows down in this age group.
According to Piaget's cognitive theory, which concept is demonstrated by an infant looking for a pacifier that has fallen out of the crib?
Object permanence This scenario reflects the development of object permanence, which is the awareness that objects continue to exist even when they disappear from sight. Object permanence develops in the sensorimotor period, when reflexive behavior is used to adapt to the environment and the child has an egocentric view of the world.
The parents of a toddler are worried that the child is not eating at meal times. Which suggestions should the nurse make to promote healthy eating for the child?
Offer three meals and two snacks per day.
A parent of a four-year-old child is frustrated at the child's new habit of acting out and hitting other children. The nurse should recommend which actions to address this behavior?
Offering hugs and physical encouragement when positive behavior is experienced A time-in is often effective at enforcing positive behavior. Frequent, brief, nonverbal, physical contact should be provided when the child is acting appropriately. Explaining to the child that he/she will not be able to play with other children when the behavior occurs A time-out is often effective in addressing child impulse control. The child should be removed from the situation for a short period and offered an explanation for the punishment.
Order the stage of psychosexual development as they occur in chronological order.
Oral Stage—infancy Anal Stage—toddlerhood Phallic Stage—pre-school Latency Stage—school-age Puberty—adolescence
The nurse is discussing sleeping habits with the parents of a five-year-old child. Which assessment findings would be concerning to the nurse?
Parents allow the child to stay up until tired. Children need a core routine during the day and night, and a regular bedtime should be set and followed every night. Parents offer the child snacks while in bed to encourage going to bed. Offering the child snacks while in bed may interfere with the bedtime routine. Moreover, if the snacks are sugary in nature, they may be detrimental to the deciduous teeth. Parents withhold playtime until the child agrees to go to bed at a certain time. Although it is important that the child have a nightly routine, it is more important that the parents interact and bond with the child. Parent-child playtime is an important act that should not be used as a reward or punishment.
An adolescent gives the nurse a 24-hour diet recall of: Breakfast: black coffee; lunch: chicken salad with tomatoes and lettuce; snack: yogurt and granola with fruit and an energy drink; dinner: cheese omelet with broccoli; snack: whole grain toast with peanut butter. Which recommendations or observations should the nurse make to improve or reinforce the nutritional choices of this patient?
Peanut butter is a good choice for meals and snacks. Peanut butter is a good source of protein and fat. Discuss appetizing breakfast foods to include in the diet. Eating breakfast is a very important meal because it helps to boost metabolism and improves cognition. Eating yogurt more often is a good way to increase calcium. Calcium and vitamin D are crucial to the development of the bones and milk (or milk substitute) should be consumed daily.
Decreased eating at mealtime, poor test scores, and refusal to talk about school may be signs that a child is experiencing which school-age problem?
Peer victimization Decreased eating at mealtime, poor test scores, and refusal to talk about school are signs of peer victimization or bullying.
The parent of a 10-year-old child is distressed by the child's recent tendency to post embarrassing photos of other children on social media sites. Which common behavioral problem do these actions exemplify?
Peer victimization Peer victimization, often called bullying, can include targeting children on social media sites.
A school-age child asks the school nurse about sexual development, which indicates that the child is in which Freudian stage of development?
Phallic or Oedipal/Electra stage
The mother of a one-month-old infant asks the nurse for advice on establishing safe and consistent sleep practices. What recommendations does the nurse provide?
Place the baby to sleep on the back. Placing the baby to sleep in the back is a safe practice that decreases the risk of SIDS. Correct Give the baby a warm bath before bed. A warm bath before bed helps with relaxation. Correct Put the baby to sleep at the same time every night. Putting the child to sleep at the same time every night helps to establish a predictable sleep routine. Put the baby to sleep when the baby is drowsy, but awake.
An adolescent experiences an avulsed tooth while playing football. The family recovers the tooth and brings the adolescent to the emergency room. What is the priority action by the nurse?
Place tooth in milk. The tooth should be placed in saline, milk, or a commercial tooth-preserving liquid until it can be reattached.
A child who acts in a way to avoid consequences rather than internal feelings of right and wrong is demonstrating which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development?
Premorality Children at this level do not have a good understanding of right and wrong and will not feel guilty. Children will do what they are told to do rather than what is right. The child will demonstrate acceptable behavior because of a fear of punishment.
Match the scenarios with the corresponding stages or levels of morality as stated by Kohlberg.
Premorality or preconventional morality, stage 0 Decisions are made on the basis of what pleases the child. Morality of conventional role conformity Morality is based on avoiding disapproval or disturbing the conscience. Morality of self-accepted moral principles Child conforms to rules out of self-interest. Premorality or preconventional morality, stage 2 Right is determined by what is best for the majority.
A 5-year-old who steals money from his or her mother's purse and does not understand consequences is likely at which stage of morality?
Premorality/preconventional morality Instrumental hedonism and concrete reciprocity
If a child begins to make judgments and his or her thinking becomes more logical, Piaget would suggest the child is at which stage of cognitive development?
Preoperational During the period of preoperational thought, language becomes increasingly useful to children. Children are able to make judgments and thinking becomes more logical.
The nurse is preparing a community program to decrease the incidence of water-related accidents and deaths. The nurse should plan to implement teaching about water-safety issues in which ways?
Prepare handouts with parent education about home water safety precautions. Promote education about life jacket use on boats among summer camp populations. Organize community outreach sessions and material on swimming classes for children and water safety programs. Provide pamphlets with information on preventing drowning deaths to community pool locations.
The nurse is caring for a four-year-old child who drinks approximately 24 ounces of milk per day. Which nutrition recommendations below would be appropriate?
Provide fresh fruit Fresh fruit would be recommended because it provides vitamins and fiber. Provide fresh vegetables Fresh vegetables provide a lot of vitamins and fiber. Healthy snacks at this age include vegetables, such as carrot sticks. Offer a wide variety of foods Offering meals and snacks that have different textures and colors helps to encourage the consumption of a wide variety of foods. Decrease milk consumption to 16 ounces per day or less Excessive intake of milk decreases consumption of other foods, with children frequently experiencing iron deficiency anemia. Decreasing milk intake should be coupled in increased water intake.
The parents of a toddler ask the nurse how to ensure their child eats a well-rounded diet. Which mealtime practices does the nurse suggest to help encourage the toddler to try a variety of new foods?
Provide whole milk daily. Offering 12 to 16 oz per day of whole milk provides toddlers with needed calcium, fat, and other nutrients. This approach can contribute to the consumption of a well-rounded diet. Provide small portions every two to three hours. Providing small portions is a practice that encourages toddlers to try new foods without pressure. This can contribute to the consumption of a well-rounded diet.
Which pattern of development growth can be described as "from the center outward"? Mediolateral Ventrolateral Proximodistal Coronal to sagittal
Proximodistal
The parent of an eight-year-old reports that the child has trouble getting to sleep at night. Which practices should the nurse recommend to promote sleep?
Reading before bed Reading before bed is a practice the nurse should recommend to promote sleep. Reading allows the child to relax and unwind. Keeping the room dark and quiet Keeping the room dark and quiet is a practice the nurse should recommend to promote sleep. Dark sleeping environments promote the release of melatonin, which helps with sleep onset. Limiting media exposure prior to bedtime Limiting media exposure prior to bedtime is a practice the nurse should recommend to promote sleep. Limiting media exposure will avoid stimulating content.
Match the child safety seat recommendation with the child for which it is age and weight appropriate.
Rear-facing in back seat six-month-old infant Rear- or forward-facing, back seat 15-month-old toddler Forward-facing in back seat three-year-old toddler Booster in back seat School-age child
Which behavior is commonly exhibited by young children experiencing a stressful situation such as hospitalization?
Regression
The nurse is teaching the mother of a newborn about the prevention of infant asphyxiation. Which priority strategy does the nurse recommend the parents implement even before the infant is mobile?
Remove crib decorations and fluffy bedding.
An infant is in the clinic for a six-month well visit. Height and weight are in the 50th percentile. The infant can sit and shows an interest in food. Which foods should the nurse recommend the parents introduce at this stage?
Rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula
Match the safety recommendation with the activity for which it is most important.
Ride on the right side of the road with traffic Bicycle Walk across intersections Scooter Limit to areas with no traffic Skateboard Do not ride on gravel roads Inline skates
A 10-year-old with braces recently joined the soccer team. The nurse recommends use of a mouth guard for which reasons?
Safeguards the braces Protection of braces is a reason the nurse would recommend wearing a mouth guard over braces. Provides barrier for teeth Protection of teeth is a reason the nurse would recommend wearing a mouth guard over braces. Protection from soft tissue damage Protection from soft tissue damage is a reason the nurse would recommend wearing a mouth guard over braces.
A child who insists on staying home from school because they fear that something will happen to make him/her look bad in front of the other children is exhibiting which common school-age behavioral problem?
School refusal School refusal is a common school-age behavioral problem in which a child insists on staying home instead of attending school.
The caregivers of an 11-year-old child report that the child is worried about upcoming tests and is not sleeping well. The nurse tells the parents to watch for which signs of stress?
Screaming during the night Sleep terrors, or screaming during sleep, can be brought on by stress. The child should not be awakened or comforted and will not remember the episode in the morning.
The nurse makes which recommendation(s) to the parents of a three-year-old who throws a tantrum every night at bedtime?
Set appropriate limits. Establish a regular bedtime routine. Set a behavior expectation plan. Identify the triggers for the tantrums.
Freud suggested parts of the body assume psychological significance as the focus of which type of energy?
Sexual Energy
Preschool and/or daycare programs provide a structured environment to develop which skills necessary to promote the prevention of future behavioral problems in school?
Sharing Sharing is a skill provided by preschool or daycare programs to prevent future behavioral problems in school. Learning how to share the attention of an adult is a particularly relevant skill that daycare can impart to young children. Socialization Preschool/daycare offers a structured environment in which children can begin to learn to play with other children.
The progression of function in infants can be described by which patterns of growth and development?
Simple to complex This pattern describes progression of functions. For example, as a child develops language, their vocabulary becomes more detailed and enhanced, and, similarly, an infant holds a toy in his or her hand before he or she picks up a small object with pincer grasp. General to specific This pattern describes responses of infant body systems. For example, myelination of the peripheral nerves in the neurological system becomes more developed as the infant grows, allowing the infant to crawl before walking.
Match the crib feature with the relevant safety recommendation.
Slats Must be <2 3/8 inches (6 cm) apart Surface No lead based paint Drop side Child proof Decoration Not recommended
Erikson viewed development as a lifelong series of conflicts affected by which factors?
Social and cultural
An eight-week-old infant is exclusively formula fed, and take approximately four oz, six times per day. Which nutritional recommendation should the nurse recommend to the infant's parents?
Start vitamin D supplements Vitamin D supplements are an appropriate nutritional recommendation because the infant is drinking less than 32 ounces of formula a day.
Which environmental substances are known to have a teratogenic effect on the developing fetus? Statins Ethanol Penicillin Vitamin D Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Statins Ethanol
The father of an eight-month-old reports that the infant cries and clings to its mother when new friends or unfamiliar relatives visit the home. The nurse explains that this reaction is most likely caused by which?
Stranger anxiety Stranger anxiety is the most likely cause for this infant behavior. By six to seven months of age, infants develop a fear of unfamiliar people, and this peaks around seven to nine months and often resurfaces again during toddlerhood.
The mother of an infant reports that her husband smokes but only smokes outside. She also states that the infant sleeps in a co-sleeper, with a light blanket and a stuffed bear. The nurse identifies which risk factor(s) for SIDS as high priority?
Stuffed animals Nothing plush should be in the baby's sleeping area because of the risk of becoming trapped in the soft material and being unable to breathe or free themselves. Baby sleeping prone Infants should not be allowed to sleep on their abdomen. Sleeping supine, on their backs reduces the risk of SIDS.
The nurse is teaching the mother of a toddler about safety precautions necessary to prevent accidents and injuries. The nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the mother identifies which situation(s) as requiring close supervision?
Taking a bath Taking medicine Climbing a tree Helping to cook in the kitchen
The nurse is teaching first time parents about techniques to soothe infant irritability. Which suggestions should the nurse include?
Taking the baby for a car ride Swinging the baby in an infant swing Carrying the infant in a front pack close to the parent's chest
While taking a history from an adolescent with behavioral problems, the nurse learns that the adolescent has a fondness for violent activities and physical punishment is used at home. Which safety recommendation takes priority when addressing the adolescent's violence risk?
Teach alternatives to physical punishment. Exposure to violence in the house not only puts the adolescent in danger, but increases the likelihood that the adolescent will be violent. Changing this pattern is the priority recommendation.
A preschooler left alone in the kitchen wants to help their mother cook. The child ignites the stove, which results in a small fire. Which simple rules relating to fire safety can prevent injury in this situation?
Teach the child about smoke alarms and sounds. Teaching a preschooler about smoke alarms and their sounds is an important action that can help prevent injuries in a fire. Teach the child to stop, drop, and roll if clothes catch on fire. Teaching a preschooler how to stop, drop, and roll is an important action that can help prevent injuries in a fire. Adult chores such as ironing and cooking are not to be performed by the preschooler. In order to help prevent injuries a preschooler should not be permitted to iron or cook.
Which role does the nurse play in toilet training?
Teaching parents the importance of physical readiness Teaching the parents about developmental signs of toilet training readiness
The parents of a six-month-old infant report excessive drooling, fussiness, and loss of appetite. Which practices should the nurse recommend that may relieve these symptoms?
Teething ring Frozen bagels Clean wet washcloth
The parent of a two-and-a-half-year-old with 19 teeth reports that they do not have fluoridated city water at home and do not have access to a dentist for preventative care. Which actions should the nurse take?
Tell the parents to apply a topical fluoride varnish every six months. Recommend that the parents give the child an oral supplement of 0.25 mg of fluoride daily.
The parent of a toddler reports that the two-year-old sometimes screams and hits himself in the head with a toy when it is close to bedtime. How would the nurse describe this behavior?
Temper tantrum
An adolescent reports following the juicing diet in order to lose weight. The adolescent complains about being hungry even after juicing. What should the nurse tell the adolescent about their hunger?
The body needs more calories. The adolescent needs more calories because of their accelerated growth. The nurse should educate about healthy eating practices, including adding more healthy calories to the diet to address the hunger.
Which statement reflects a child's ability to develop autonomy according to Erikson?
The child is able to pour milk from a cup.
The pediatric nurse is teaching a new nurse how to recognize signs that a toddler is ready for toilet training. The nurse includes which indicators as signs of readiness for toilet training?
The child shows an interest in toilets and putty chairs. The child is able to pull up and remove his or her pants. The child is eager to please the parents with a dry diaper. The child notices his or her own wet diaper and may try to remove it.
The nurse would expect to observe which behaviors in an infant with an insecure parental attachment?
The infant is more easily comforted by a babysitter than the parent.
What is one way adolescents receive inappropriate or incorrect information regarding sex and sexuality?
The internet The internet, social media in particular, is a way an adolescent can receive inappropriate or inaccurate information on sex. The information on social media also may not reflect the morals and values held by the household.
A young child explains to the nurse that her uncle often hits her on the bottom when she misbehaves. Which information is the most important for the nurse obtain from the child before action is taken?
The nature and circumstances of the physical contact Preventing sexual abuse begins with teaching children the normal, healthy boundaries of their bodies and what constitutes inappropriate behavior. A spanking, while not encouraged, should be distinguished from sexual contact.
The nurse is assessing a newborn and notes that the head circumference is 13 inches and the chest circumference is 11 inches. What conclusion can be made by the nurse about this ratio?
The newborn is presenting with a normal growth pattern.
Which are common reasons that adolescents pierce or tattoo their bodies?
To express individualism Expressing individualism is a common reason for body art. To identify with a specific peer group Trying to identify with a specific peer group is a common reason for adolescents to obtain body art. Adolescents often try to fit in with different groups of people by looking and acting like them.
Why is a booster seat recommended for preschool aged children rather than car seatbelts?
To minimize harm to the child The booster seat places the child in a position where the safety belt is not around the face, neck, or midabdomen. Without it, the seatbelt is improperly placed and can cause harm to the child.
The parents of a four-year-old patient are concerned about their child's stuttering. The nurse should advise the parents to take which actions to address this problem?
Try to focus on the child's ideas, not the stutter The nurse should advise the parents to try to focus on the child's ideas, not the stutter. This helps to minimize the stress.
Which safety recommendation for burn prevention is the most important to provide to the parents of an active three-year-old?
Turn pot handles toward the center of the stovetop when you are cooking.
The nurse is teaching new parents about motor vehicle safety recommendations for their new baby. Place the safety recommendations in chronological order, starting with those necessary for a newborn.
Use a rear-facing car seat with three or five-point harness. Use a forward facing car or booster seat in the back seat. Use a front-facing car seat with three or five-point harness. Use the back seat with a three point seat belt.
The nurse is providing safety teaching in an infant care class for pregnant first-time mothers and their partners. Which safety recommendation is the priority to include?
Use a rear-facing infant car seat
Which safety recommendation is a priority for the adolescent who reports previously drinking alcohol at a party?
Use a ride-home agreement A ride-home agreement is a priority safety recommendation for the adolescent who has previously used alcohol at a party. A ride-home agreement assures the adolescent may get home safely without fearing parental punishment.
The mother of a six-month-old infant states that she puts the baby to bed in a crib under a single blanket on a firm mattress and offers a pacifier. She indicates that the baby often rolls over to prone position once asleep. What should the nurse identify as the unsafe sleeping practice for this infant?
Use of a blanket in the crib The nurse should identify having a blanket in the crib as an unsafe sleeping practice for this infant. There is a potential of suffocation or rebreathing decreased oxygen levels if the blanket were to cover the infant's face.
A new mother reports that the baby is sleeping next to her own bed in a bassinet with a small pillow. She reports laying the baby on the back to sleep and says she has banned cigarette smoking in the house. The nurse identifies which practice as putting the baby at risk for SIDS?
Using a small pillow in the bassinet
Which are the best resources to find an appropriate growth chart in assessing growth for a 1-year-old child?
World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards for this age group
What are potential adverse effects when adolescents do not use sunscreen?
Wrinkles Sun damage in the form of wrinkles (premature aging) is an adverse effect that can result when adolescents do not use sunscreen. Melanoma Melanoma (among other skin cancers) is an adverse effect of long-term sun damage.
