3730 FINAL

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The regulation of marketing activities aimed at children focuses primarily on which of the following?

A) product safety B) advertising C) promotion D) privacy protection E) all of the above answer

An attempt to develop an ongoing, expanding exchange relationship with a firm's customers is called _____. A) relationship marketing B) internal marketing C) personal marketing D) formal marketing E) acquisition marketing

A) relationship marketing

Marketing efforts focused on a firm's current customers are generally termed _____. A) relationship marketing B) internal marketing C) personal marketing D) formal marketing E) acquisition marketing

A) relationship marketing

What has research revealed regarding consumers' variety-seeking behavior?

Consumers are more likely to become bored on sensory attributes such as taste.

Self-image congruity influences on brand preference and choice depend on which of the following? A) individual factors B) product factors C) situational factors D) a and b E) a, b, and c

E) a, b, and c

Expenses associated with advertising, establishing a new account, and mailing catalogs are examples of _____. A) churn B) opportunity costs C) switching costs D) contribution costs E) acquisition costs

E) acquisition costs

Most consumer purchases involve relatively high-involvement decision making, and therefore, arouse little or no post-purchase dissonance.

False

The Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) is part of the FTC's regulation of marketing practices aimed at children.

False

T/F: Affective choices tend to be holistic in nature.

T/F: Price, advertising intensity, warranties, brand, and country of origin are examples of surrogate indicators.

T/F: Sensory perception relates to an individual's ability to distinguish between similar stimuli.

T/F: The disjunctive decision rule establishes an optimum level of performance for each evaluative criterion.

Attribute-based

The knowledge of particular characteristics at the time a product choice is made and conducting a characteristic-by-characteristic comparison across brands are components of _______ choice.

Features of the individual person that are not lasting characteristics, such as momentary moods or conditions, are called _____.

antecedent states

Brad was out of soft drinks in his dorm room, so he went to the store and purchased Coke. This is the brand he always buys, and he would not even consider purchasing another brand. Which type of nominal decision does this illustrate?

brand loyal decision

Nominal decisions can be broken into which two distinct categories?

brand loyal decisions and repeat purchase decisions

Joyce will only drink Pepsi, and she feels an emotional attachment to it. That is the brand she was brought up on and is the one she continues to drink every day. Joyce is exhibiting _____.

brand loyalty

Experience, familiarity, social status, shopping orientation and product involvement are examples of which factor that influences the expected benefits and perceived costs of search?

consumer characteristics

Which type of motives underlie behaviors that are intrinsically rewarding to the individual involved?

consummatory motives

While _______ motives underlie behaviors that are intrinsically fulfilling to an involved person, _______ motives trigger behaviors of a person oriented to obtain a second goal

consummatory; instrumental

Self-image congruity really doesn't matter much to Sam, particularly because he doesn't usually consider the opinions of others or their feelings when he acts. Sam would be described as a(n) _____. A) independent B) thinker C) high self-monitor D) low self-monitor E) conspicuous consumer

d) low self-monitor

A(n) _____ is the way an individual wants to feel or be at the present time.

desired state

A brand whose perceived performance falls below expectations generally produces _____.

dissatisfaction

Two basic approaches to causing problem recognition are _____.

generic problem recognition and selective problem recognition

Nominal decision making is sometimes referred to as ________.

habitual decision making

Marketers must especially help those consumers visualize the experience of consuming a product who

have not consumed the product before

A metagoal refers to _____.

he general nature of the outcome being sought

Which type of decision making involves recognizing a problem for which there are several possible solutions?

limited decision making

While grocery shopping, James comes across cheese puffs. He is reminded of his sister who loves them. Although not originally on his grocery list, he picks a large packet of cheese puffs without paying attention to the brand. Which decision-making process did James use?

limited decision making

A consequence of marketers triggering problem recognition in consumers before an issue turns into a problem is that

marketers are able to solve potential problems faced by consumers

Kasi is seeking the advice of her parents in her decision on which college to attend. Which source of information is Kasi using?

personal sources

Décor, sounds, aromas, lighting, weather, and configurations of merchandise or other materials surrounding the stimulus object are included in which situational characteristic?

physical surroundings

atmosphere is known as ___

physical surroundings

Kenneth and Rose bought a new home and have been shopping for media room and bedroom furniture. What is influencing their furniture shopping desire?

previous decision

_____ refers to the fact that repeat and particularly committed customers tend to buy the brand consistently rather than waiting for a sale or continually negotiating price.

price premium

Feature and quality variations across brands are referred to as _____.

product differentiation

Which of the following is NOT a type of consumer choice process?

rational choice

Which of the following is the most difficult to regulate?

the subtle meanings implied by the visual content of ads

What is the first decision a dissatisfied customer will make?

whether or not to take any external action

Repeat purchasers continue to buy the same brand because of their emotional attachment to it.

False

The regulation of marketing activities aimed at children focuses primarily on product safety, advertising and promotions, and child pornography.

False

Which of the following is a source of increased customer profitability over time?

all of the above

Which of the following is a variable that influences brand decisions inside a retail outlet?

all of the above

Which of the following is a marketing activity targeted at children that is considered controversial?

all of the above

Which of the following is a lifestyle segment of Porsche owners?

bon vivants

Which of the following is the most common method of direct measurement of the relative importance of consumers' evaluative criteria?

constant sum scales

A store's atmosphere can influence which of the following?

consumer's judgements of the quality of the store store's image shopper's moods shopper's willingness to visit and linger (All of the above)

Jon purchased an antique watch on eBay from another consumer. Which type of sale is this known as?

consumer-to-consumer sale

noncompensatory decision rule

consumers choose a product or service on the basis of one characteristic or one subset of a characteristic, regardless of the values of its other attributes

The ________ decision rule establishes a minimum level of performance for each important attribute of a product

disjunctive

Which type of consumer decision making involves the evaluation of many attributes and alternatives and employs complex decision rules?

extended decision making

When trying to discover consumer problems, a company would test the effects of lighting, temperature, and sound on a consumer's flexibility and fatigue by using _____ research.

human factors

Which online shopping segment found by Experian is older, middle income, and only looking for functional necessity?

just the essentials

MVM (My Virtual Model) helps consumers shopping online overcome which barrier?

lack of touch

Stan was feeling very tired and hungry in the mid-afternoon, so he ate a Snickers candy bar. Stan is attempting to manage his _____.

momentary condition

Which type of consumer decision making does NOT include alternative evaluation?

nominal decision making

Which type of consumer decision making includes only a limited internal information search and no external search for information?

nominal decision making

Which type of consumer decision making only includes the stages of problem recognition, limited internal information search, purchase, and limited postpurchase behavior?

nominal decision making

Kim did much of her Christmas shopping on the Internet last year. She enjoys buying online and does so frequently. She also likes going to the mall so she can see and try on the latest fashions. Kim represents which online shopper segment?

status strivers

Which online shopping segment found by Experian is younger, heavily female, and sees shopping as fun?

status strivers

Which of the following is NOT a key element of relationship marketing?

standardize the relationship across customers

compensatory decision rule

states that the brand that rates highest on the sum of the consumer's judgments of the relevant evaluative criteria will be chosen

A retailer being temporarily out of a particular brand is called _____.

stockouts

When orange juice manufacturers attempted to expand the various times of day when consumers would see orange juice as an appropriate beverage to consume, they were trying to influence which situation?

usage

John drinks Schwepps Ginger Ale for dinner as a beverage, while Jack uses it only as a mixer in his cocktails. Which factor that influences the importance of evaluative criteria is this?

usage situation

What process did Sunbeam use to redesign its food processor line when it tested 12 different attributes of the product and learned about the relative importance of these attributes?

conjoint analysis

Which indirect measurement approach presents the consumer with a set of products in which the evaluative criteria varies?

conjoint analysis

Which of the following is the most popular indirect measurement approach to measuring the relative importance of consumers' evaluative criteria?

conjoint analysis

Which demographic factor has the least influence on U.S. adult Internet usage?

gender

Relative importance of a problem is determined by which of the following?

how critical the problem is to the maintenance of the consumer's desired lifestyle

Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I would like to be?

ideal self-concept

Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I would like to be? A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. future self-concept

ideal self-concept

Which dimension of product performance relates to the physical functioning of the product?

instrumental

What are the two dimensions to performance for products?

instrumental and symbolic

Which of the following statements is true regarding consumer choice processes?

Motivation, information availability, and situational factors interact to determine the likelihood that attitude-based choices are made.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)?

It does not apply to nonprofits

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding corrective advertising?

It has been shown to be a useful tool in protecting the public.

What is a true statement about purchase involvement?

It is a temporary state of a household or an individual

Affective, emotional, and functional criteria are not always used in isolation.

It is critical for marketers to understand the role of emotions and attitudes in the formation of a consumer's evoked set as

Which of the following is a true statement about attribute-based choice

More nearly optimal decisions are produced by it

Renata is participating in a research project in which she is reviewing three different microwaves that all have the same criteria. Is this an example of conjoint analysis?

No. Conjoint analysis involves a set of products in which evaluative criteria vary

Sarah is a retired grandmother of two who is resistant to change. Her grandchildren have managed to teach her how to e-mail them at college, but she doesn't want to do more. To which technology segment does Sarah belong? A. Wizards B. Journeymen C. Apprentices D. Novices E. Mouse Potatoes

Novices

Which consumer technology segment is mature, is retired, has a low household income, and is confused by technology? A. Journeymen B. Gatherers C. Apprentices D. Novices E. Traditionalists

Novices

Which law deals with nutrition labeling on products' packages?

Nutritional Labeling and Education Act

Although brand-loyal purchases involve a high degree of product involvement, they might be low in purchase involvement. What is the reason for this?

Once a consumer is brand loyal, he or she will purchase that brand without further consideration

False

T/F: Surrogate indicators act more strongly when consumers have ample knowledge and expertise to make informed assessments on their own.

T/F: The competitive context has no effect on choice.

T/F: The conjunctive decision rule establishes minimum required performance standards for each evaluative criterion and selects the first or all brands that meet or exceed these minimum standards.

T/F: The most common method of direct measurement to determine the relative importance of evaluative criteria is the semantic differential.

False

T/F: The trade-offs between hedonic and utilitarian attributes of consumers' choices are not considered by marketers while developing products and promotional campaigns.

T/F: The various dimensions, features, or benefits consumers look for in response to a specific problem are called heuristics.

Ads in such places as school buses, scoreboards, bulletin boards are classified by Consumers Union as in-school ads.

True

Advertising is frequently criticized as fostering overly materialistic, self-focused, and short-term values in children.

True

Churn is a term used to refer to turnover in a firm's customer base.

True

Consumers might experience guilt by the use of a product or a service.

True

Disposition of the product or the product's container may occur before, during, or after product use.

True

Even ads clearly not targeting children can have potentially harmful consequences for them.

True

Firms need to satisfy consumer expectations by creating reasonable expectations through promotional efforts and maintaining consistent quality so those expectations are fulfilled.

True

Five of the basic principles that underlie the CARU's guidelines for advertising directed at children focus on the concerns over the impact of commercial messages on children's health and safety and on their values.

True

For a target market using the elimination-by-aspects rule, it is critical to meet or surpass the consumers' requirements on one more (in order) of the criteria used than the competition.

True

For many products and services, there are wide variations in profitability across customers.

True

Gillette's advertising for the M3 Power razor which claimed that "gentle micropulses stimulate hair up and away from skin," was deemed to be literally false by the court hearing the case.

True

If a customer is dissatisfied with a company's product, the company would prefer that he or she complains to the company.

True

Marketing practices are sometimes controversial.

True

Nominal and most limited decision making will not produce postpurchase dissonance

True

Nominal and most limited decision making will not produce postpurchase dissonance.

True

Perhaps the most controversial pricing area today is the use of reference prices.

True

Piaget's stages of cognitive development indicate that children lack the ability to fully process and understand information, including marketing messages, until around 12 years of age.

True

Sometimes consumers purchase products and do not use them

True

hydrogenated oils

What are trans fats? Question options: hydrogenated oils fats found in animal fat healthy fats fats found in olive and other plant oils synthetic fats

A and B

What is a major concern that has emerged regarding Internet marketing and children? Question options: invading children's privacy exploitation of children through manipulative sales techniques inappropriate pop-up ads A and B A, B, and C

Which of the following is often used as a surrogate indicator of quality?

all of the above

Which of the following is true regarding the Internet as a source of information?

all of the above

Which of the following is typically included in a psychographic or lifestyle study? A. attitudes B. values C. activities and interests D. demographics E. all of the above

all of the above

The "Service" dimension of store image includes all of the following EXCEPT _____.

all of the above are included

Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome once a consumer is satisfied?

all of the above are possible outcomes

Which of the following is NOT a type of consumer decision making discussed in your text?

complex decision making

Which of the following is NOT a decision rule used by consumers?

conjoint

A(n) _____ is the way an individual perceives his or her feelings and situation to be at the present time

actual state

A(n) _____ is the way an individual perceives his or her feelings and situation to be at the present time.

actual state

Affective, Attitude, and attribute based choices:

-Affective: tend to be more holistic. Brand not decomposed into distinct components for separate evaluation. Evaluations generally focus on how they will make the user feel as they are used. Choices are often based primarily on the immediate emotional response to the product or service. -Attidue-based: Involves the use of general attitudes, summary impressions, intuitions, or heuristics; no attribute-by-attribute comparisons are made at the time of choice. -Attribute-based: Requires the knowledge of specific attributes at the time the choice is made, and it involves attribute-by-attribute comparisons across brands.

5 Decision Rules for Attribute-based choices

-Conjunctive Rule -Disjunctive Rule -Elimination-by-Aspects Rule -Lexicographic Rule -Compensatory Rule

A consumer's decision of whether or not to take action when he or she is dissatisfied is a function of which of the following?

-Importance of the purchase to the consumer -ease of taking action -consumer's existing level of overall satisfaction with the brand or outlet -characteristics of the consumer involved -Correct all of the above

Disposition of the product or the product's container may occur _____ product use.

-during -after -before -Correct a, b, and c

Which of the following is an alternative once a consumer has decided to get rid of a product?

-sell it -give it away -loan it to someone -throw it away -Correct all of the above

What are trans fats? A) hydrogenated oils B) fats found in animal fat C) healthy fats D) fats found in olive and other plant oils E) synthetic fats

List the steps in sequential order, with the first step at the top, involved in conjoint analysis for determining the relative importance consumers place on evaluative criteria

1. A set of products or product descriptions is offered to a consumer in which evaluative criteria differ 2. Different evaluative criteria are graded by a consumer in terms of his or her preference for those combinations of features 3. The relative significance of each level of evaluative criteria is derived using a computer program as assigned by a consumer

List the steps involved in conjoint analysis for determining the relative importance consumers place on evaluative criteria

What are two evaluative criteria often associated with quality?

1. Brand names 2. Higher prices

What are the five decision rules commonly used by consumers?

1. Compensatory 2. Disjunctive 3. Conjunctive 4. Lexicographic 5. Elimination-by-aspects

What two purchases might cause a consumer to use the conjunctive decision rule?

1. Determining a vacation destination 2. Buying a hosue

A firm might attempt to influence generic problems recognition when which two conditions exist?

1. It is early in the product life cycle 2. When the firm has a high percentage of the market

Suzy is shopping for a new refrigerator. What are two examples of tangible criteria Suzy might consider when evaluating various refrigerators?

1. LG is an energy saver and has the most efficient ice maker 2. Kenmore costs $150 less than the Whirlpool

What 3 steps would occur in the limited decision making process?

1. Little postpurchase evaluation 2. Internal and limited external information search 3. Evaluation of few alternatives

Which two statements regarding consumer choice and preference are true?

1. Preferences can and do shift as a function of the situation 2. Time pressure can have an impact on a consumer's choice

What are the 3 types of consumer choice processes?

1. affective 2. attribute-based 3. attitude-based

What are two intangible factors that influence the type of evaluative criteria used by consumers in making a decision?

1. brand image 2. style

With regards to consumer purchases, what two things can affect the relative importance of a problem?

1. budget constraints 2. time constraints

What are three factors that influence the importance a consumer places on different evaluative criteria?

1. competitive context 2. advertising effects 3. usage situation

In which 3 conditions do surrogate indicators have a greater effect on consumers?

1. if informed judgments cannot be made by consumers 2. if consumers have a low interest in a decision 3. if other information regarding quality is unavailable

What are two approaches used by marketers to activate problem recognition in consumers?

1. influencing consumers' desire states 2. influencing consumers' perception of their actual states

In the context of discovering consumers problems, what are two characteristics of simple nutrition?

1. it is a relatively easy approach 2. it is fact and inexpensive

What are the four concerns marketing managers have related to problem recognition?

1. making consumers occasionally recognize problems 2. knowing the problems consumers face 3. suppressing problem recognition among consumers 4. knowing how to create a marketing mix that solves consumers' problems

Which two types of consumer purchases would typically involve an extended decision making process?

1. personal computer 2. home

What are three common approaches to conducting emotion research?

1. personal interviews 2. surveys 3. focus groups

What are the two categories included in nominal decision making?

1. repeat purchase decisions 2. brand loyal decisions

Bounded Rationality

A limited capacity for processing information.

The emotional response that owning or using the product or outlet provides is known as _____.

Affective performance

The probability of a consumer experiencing postpurchase dissonance, as well as the magnitude of such dissonance, is a function of which of the following?

All of the above

Which of these situations reflects a company engaged in activity analysis?

All-Clean Inc. surveyed parents of high school athletes to find out what types of stains end up on the athletes uniforms

Which of the following is a global lifestyle segment identified by Roper Starch Worldwide? A. Experiencers B. Young & Rustic C. Young Digerati D. Altruists E. Innovators

Altruists

Which consumer decision rule tends to be the most time-consuming and mentally taxing?

Compensatory

Why is it more persuasive for marketers to communicate benefits of their brands to consumers instead of evaluative criteria?

Consumers specifically desire benefits from products

Match the type of motives that influences a consumer's purchase behavior with the appropriate examples

Consummatory motive = a person purchasing an expensive smartphone because it makes him or her appear trendy Instrumental motive = a person purchasing a scientific calculator to solve complicated numerical problems

Tangible evaluative criteria

Cost Performance features

Cost and performance features are examples of which type of evaluative criteria? a. tangible b. intangible c. primary d. secondary e. instrumental

According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, children lack the ability to fully process and understand information, including marketing messages, until around age _____. A) 5 B) 8 C) 10 D) 12 E) 15

The NFL is able to customize their newsletter by _____. A) tracking what pieces are clicked on B) providing news about the individual fan's favorite team C) matching the individual fan's specific interests D) enabling fans to update their profile E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Graham is a college student who is impulsive and somewhat rebellious. He seeks out variety and excitement, usually looking for something new, offbeat, and risky. Even though he was old enough, he didn't vote in the last presidential election and is not very interested in world events. To which VALS segment does Graham belong? A. Experiencers B. Strivers C. Survivors D. Makers E. Believers

Experiencers

Which of the following is a major PRIZM life stage group? A. Urban B. Town & Rural C. Second City D. Strivers E. Family Life

Family Life

Which law protects the value of registered trademarks?

Federal Trademark Dilution Act

Firms with a limited reputation sometimes do which of the following with a reputable firm so as to gain from the quality associated with the known brand? a. conduct blind tests b. form brand alliances c. use two-sided messages d. form conjoint alliances e. form conjunctive alliances

elimination by aspects rule

First, evaluative criteria ranked in terms of importance Second, cutoff point for each criterion is established. Finally (in order of attribute importance) brands are eliminated if they fail to meet or exceed the cutoff.

corrective advertising

For years, Doan's Pills advertised that this medication is superior for relieving back pain. The FTC found this claim to be deceptive and ordered Doan's to run advertising that informed consumers of this deception in an attempt to cause consumers to unlearn the inaccurate information. What type of advertising is this known as? Question options: controvertible advertising redundant advertising conforming advertising corrective advertising retractive advertising

Christina lives in Japan, and she and her friends value adventure, pleasure, and excitement. They are heavy users of electronic media; are fashion conscious; and like going to restaurants, bars, and clubs. To which global lifestyle segment identified by Roper Starch Worldwide do Christina and her friends belong? A. Strivers B. Altruists C. Intimates D. Fun Seekers E. Creatives

Fun Seekers

Which of the following is NOT a major issue marketers must deal with concerning the Internet's role in information search and decision making?

How can they get more consumers to use the Internet instead of seeking information from salespeople?

Decisions that are based on an affective choice would answer which question?

How do I feel about it?

How many of CARU's basic principles focus on the concern regarding the impact of commercial messages on children's values and their health and safety? Question options: 1 2 3 4 5

A consumer uses lexicographic decision rule to evaluate two alternative tie brands, "Froture" and "Kurthis." Assuming that both brands exhibit maximum performance at each level for the most important criterion, which strategy should marketers of Fortune use to influence consumers to purchase Fortune tires?

Influence consumers to choose another more important attribute of Fortune

Which VALS segment of consumers comprises successful, sophisticated, active, take-charge people with high self-esteem and abundant resources who are driven by a mix of motivations? A. Achievers B. Makers C. Innovators D. Thinkers E. Experiencers

Innovators

invading children's privacy

James is 12 years old and likes to play games on the Internet, and several of these games can be found on marketers' websites that feature characters related to their brands. Some sites require that he give information such as his name and address, and his mother is very concerned about this. Which major concern regarding Internet marketing and children does this highlight? Question options: invading children's privacy exploitation of children through manipulative sales techniques inappropriate pop-up ads inappropriate site content child pornography

Nancy usually considers price and quality when she has to make a major purchase, such as an appliance or an automobile. These two features represent Nancy's _____. a. alternatives b. choices c. heuristics d. evaluative criteria e. motives

require parental consent when collecting information from children under the age of 18

Nat wants to comply with the FTC's recommendations regarding consumer-oriented commercial websites that collect personal identifying information from or about consumers. Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations made by the FTC? Question options: provide notice to consumers that are transparent allow consumers to choose how information concerning them will be used in a simplified manner require parental consent when collecting information from children under the age of 18 offer consumers reasonable access to the information a website has collected about them privacy by design

Which of the following is the American advertising industry's primary self-regulatory body

National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus

A new rule that requires marketers to list the number of grams of trans fat on a product's package is an amendment of which law?

Nutritional Labeling and Education Act

_____ relates to the collection and use of information from Web sites.

Online privacy

Online services, such as PriceGrabber.com assist consumers _____. a. with more complex decisions. b. with forming their evoked sets. c. by making the final choice for them. d. a and c e. a and b

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding problem recognition?

Only when the desired state is greater than actual state will a problem exist

Which online shopping segment found by Experian is the highest catalog shopper?

Original Traditionalists

Procter&Gamble is the manufacturer of Pampers diapers. At one time, the price of a typical package of diapers was relatively high (i.e., over $12 a package). Due to the threat of store brands stealing market share because of their lower price, P&G decided to lower the price for Pampers. While most consumers noticed the price reduction because P&G promoted that fact, what most of them did not notice was that the number of diapers per package also decreased. However, the reduction was only one or two diapers per package. Which of the following best explains why consumers did not notice the reduction in the quantity? a. Number of diapers per package was not important to consumers. b. The reduction in the quantity did not reach the level of a just noticeable difference. c. Price is more important than quantity to consumers. d. Consumers are price conscious for this product category. e. Consumers are brand loyal.

_____ is when a consumer needs to consider a particular purchase that triggers a level of concern or interest in that particular purchase process

Purchase involvement

Which of the following are methods marketers use to determine consumers' judgements of brand performance on specific evaluative criteria?

Rank ordering scales, Likert scales, semantic differential scales

Which equation illustrates the compensatory decision rule?

Rb = ∑i=1nWiBib

Metagoal

Refers to the general nature of the outcome being sought.

Which of the following is NOT a research finding regarding the Internet as an information source?

Roughly 30% of American adults use a search engine to research a product/service before buying it online.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the way in which disposition decisions can affect a firm's marketing strategy?

The United States is a completely throwaway society, and consumers are willing to purchase new products without concern for waste.

The _____ decision rule establishes a minimum level of performance for each important attribute (often a fairly high level), and all brands that meet or exceed the performance level for any key attribute are considered acceptable. a. conjunctive b. disjunctive c. lexicographic d. elimination-by-aspects e. compensatory

Sensory Discrimination

The ability of an individual to distinguish between similar stimuli.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding committed customers?

They are less likely to forgive an occasional product or service failure.

What is an accurate statement about the nature of evaluative criteria used by consumers to make a decision?

They differ in number depending on the product category under consideration

Which of the following is a description of the shopping orientation known as Enthusiastic Shoppers?

They enjoy the recreational and social aspects of shopping.

There are three major concerns focused on the information that marketers provide to consumers, generally in the form of advertisements-the accuracy of the information provided, the adequacy of the information provided, and the cumulative impact of marketing information on society's values.

True

True or false: Emotions, such as the joy of riding in a brand new car, are a form of evaluative criteria

True

True or false: One consequence of the compensatory decision rule is that consumers often find it difficult to consider more than a few attributes at once

True

Which of the following is an example of a federal law passed to facilitate direct comparisons among alternatives?

Truth-in-Lending law

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the nature of evaluative criteria?

Typically, consumers associative evaluative criteria with desired benefits

Consummatory Motives

Underlie behaviors that are intrinsically rewarding to the individual involved.

With the information provided by perceptual mapping the marketer can determine all of the following EXCEPT _____. a. how the position of brands changes in response to marketing efforts b. how different brands are positioned according to evaluative criteria c. how to position new brands using evaluative criteria d. how consumers will trade one evaluative criteria for another e. all of the above

Which segment of Experian online shoppers is driven by the desire for new technology as a means for improving all aspects of life? A. Minimalists B. Wizards C. Journeymen D. Apprentices E. Novices

Wizards

Which technology segment is characterized by the statement "technology is life"? These folks are enthusiastic and adventurous users of new technology. A. Wizards B. Journeymen C. Apprentices D. Novices E. Enthusiasts

Wizards

Carl is middle age and single. He has a high school education and works at a hotel as a desk clerk. He lives in a tiny apartment. Even though he doesn't have a high income, he tries to live an active life attending sporting events, and sometimes he brings a date with him. To which PRIZM group does Carl belong? A. Young Digerati B. Bohemian Mix C. Young & Rustic D. Big Fish, Small Pond E. Minimalists

Young & Rustic

_____ requires knowledge of specific attributes and involves attribute-by-attribute comparisons across brands. a. attribute-based choice b. simultaneous choice c. sequential choice d. attitude-based choice e. none of the above

Disjunctive Decision Rule

a decision rule that establishes a minimum level of performance for each important attribute (often a fairly high level); all brands that surpass the performance level for any key attribute are considered acceptable

Emma noticed that she was almost out of gas, so she pulled into the nearest gas station and filled up her tank. Emma's decision on which gas to purchase is characterized by _____.

a low level of purchase involvement

Cathy was babysitter her two nieces on a Saturday morning, and they were watching cartoons together. She noticed that every time a commercial pod came on, there was a little jingle telling the kids that "after these messages, we'll be right back." This is an example of _____.

a separator

A consumer decision requires information on which of the following?

a, b, and c

Before a marketing manager or public policy decision maker can develop a sound strategy to affect consumer decisions, he or she must determine _____.

a, b, and c

Disposition of the product or the product's container may occur _____ product use.

a, b, and c

List the three broad requirements of the Better Business Bureau's Code of Online Business Practices.

a. Post and adhere to a privacy policy that is open, transparent, and meets generally accepted fair information principles. b. Provide adequate security for the type of information collected, maintained, or transferred to third parties. c. Respect customers' preferences regarding unsolicited e-mail.

Channel One is an example of _____.

ads in classrooms

Dawn and her two daughters went to see Pride & Prejudice at the movie theater. They all loved the movie and came out saying "we're so glad she married Mr. Darcy!" This movie provided them with _____.

affective performance

Which of the following is one of Experian's technology profiles based on an extensive analysis of attitudes, lifestyle, and adoption and usage patterns related to technology? A. Wizards B. Journeymen C. Apprentices D. Novices E. all of the above

all of the above

Surrogate Indicators

are attributes that compare other attributes or stand for/ mean things. For example, a high price is an indicator of good quality.

Evaluative criteria and its influence on decisions:

are typically associated with desired benefits and can differ in: • Type • Number • Importance • Direct methods include asking consumers what criteria they use in a particular purchase. •Indirect techniques assume consumers will not or cannot state their evaluative criteria.

_____ is the process managers use to manipulate the physical retail environment to create specific mood responses in shoppers.

atmospherics

Consumers who rely on summary impressions and intuitions when evaluating a product demonstrate a(n) ______ choice

attitude-based

The utilization of summary impressions, general attitudes, heuristics, or intuitions is involved in consumer usage of _____ choice

attitude-based

Joseph is considering the purchase of a computer, and he is comparing brands on the basis of price, memory, speed, and reliability. He mentally ranks each alternative on these attributes and makes a selection based on these rankings. Joseph is using which type of choice process?

attribute-based choice

Which type of consumer choice process requires the knowledge of specific attributes at the time the choice is made, and it involves attribute-by-attribute comparisons across brands

attribute-based choice

a feature of attribute-based choice is that consumers do not make

attribute-based comparisons at the time of choice

Individuals with independent self-concepts tend to be _____. A. autonomous B. holistic C. connected D. obedient E. all of the above

autonomous

All of the brands that a consumer thinks of as potential solutions are known as the _____.

awareness set

Karl and his wife are considering putting a built-in pool in their backyard. They were discussing who they could get to do it for them, and they realized they knew of five pool contractors in their city. These five pool contractors that they thought of as potential contractors for them represent their _____.

awareness set

Which of the following is true regarding the Net Promoter Score (NPS)?

is asks WOM questions

Higher perceived risk is associated with _____.

b and c

Which of the following is true regarding Internet shopping?

b and c

Which situation tends to increase perceived risk?

b and c

Which online environment option is a growing source of potential consumer feedback and input?

b, c, and d

Why is concern about Internet privacy so strong?

because data are often collected without the consumer explicitly providing it

Ben is interested in golf, so he visits several golf-related websites, such as the USGA and the PGA. Unbeknownst to him, his surfing behavior is being tracked, and it's no accident that he receives several banner ads for golf products and destinations. This is called _____.

behavioral targeting

_____ involves tracking consumer click patterns on a website and using that information to decide on banner ad placement.

behavioral targeting

A test, conducted by marketers to evaluate functional characteristics of a product, in which respondents are unaware of the product's brand name is referred to as a(n) _____ ______

blind test

A test, conducted by marketers to evaluate functional characteristics of a product, in which respondents are unaware of the product's brand name is referred to as a(n) _______ _______

blind test

Barry is participating in a consumer research panel. He is asked to taste three different cola brands. Each cola is presented to him in a small cup that does not indicate the brand of the cola. What type of research in this company conducting?

blind test

Which type of test enables the marketer to evaluate the functional characteristics of the product and to determine if an advantage over a particular competitor has been obtained without the contaminating, or halo, effects of the brand name or the firm's reputation?

blind tests

Which type of test is one in which the consumer is not aware of the product's brand name

blind tests

Quaker introduced its "Quaker Oats to go" bar and marketed it as a healthy and convenient breakfast choice. Quaker's marketing message is designed to help the consumer to _________.

c and d

Which of the following shelf-based point-of-purchase materials provide the maximum lift in sales?

c and d

Which marketing strategies are appropriate for limited decision making?

capture strategy and intercept strategy

Which of the following is referred to as the "Third Screen"?

cell phone

The term used to refer to turnover in a firm's customer base is _____.

churn

The percentage who click through a banner ad to the corporate website is known as _____.

click-through rate

Which type of customer has an emotional attachment to the brand or firm?

committed customer

The multiattribute model is which type of decision rule?

compensatory

Jamie was participating in a market research study regarding computers when he was presented with 24 different computers that varied on four criteria. He was asked to rank all 24 descriptions in terms of his preference for those combinations of features. Which approach to assess the relative importance Jamie places on evaluative criteria was this research using?

conjoint analysis

The evoked set is also called the _____.

consideration set

Rebecca is a single woman in her 40s. She sold her Honda Civic and bought an Acura CSX, which is considerably more expensive. She was going to her brother's house with her mother, and she asked her mother to drive in her car instead of Rebecca's new one. She didn't want her brother to see that she had purchased an expensive car for herself. Rebecca was experiencing _____.

consumption guilt

CARU and others are interested in the impact that the _____ of children's advertising has, as well as the ability of children to process advertising messages.

content

Chaz was asked by a market researcher which criteria he uses when purchasing beer. He told the researcher that taste and price are important to him. Which method did the researcher use to obtain this information from Chaz?

direct

When a company uses a focus group to ask consumers about one of its product, it is an example of a(n) ______ method to determine evaluative criteria

direct

Which measurement method involves asking consumers what criteria they use in a particular purchase or, in a focus group setting, noting what consumers say about products and their attributes?

direct

when a consumers' opinion on various evaluative criteria during particular purchase situations or in focus groups is noted, a(n) _______ method is employed

direct

To determine which criteria are used by consumers in a specific product decision, the marketing researcher can utilize which two methods of measurement?

direct and indirect

Exploding demand and short product life-spans for high-tech gadgets such as cell phones, personal computers, and various other personal electronic devices is creating growing concerns over _____.

e-waste

Miles is considering the purchase of a new car. Price is the most important criterion for him, and he will only consider those models that do not exceed $20,000. Since several models satisfy this criterion, he then considers how each alternative performs with respect to gas mileage, and he will not consider any that get less than 20 miles per gallon in the city. Which decision rule is Miles using?

elimination-by-aspects

Thomas is aware of several different brands of electric shavers, but he is only considering seriously three different brands. These three brands that Thomas is evaluating represent his _____.

evoked set

Which decision rule requires the consumer to rank the evaluative criteria in terms of their importance and to establish a cutoff point for each criterion, and all brands are first considered on the most important criterion, the second most important, and so on until only one brand remains?

elimination-by-aspects

By conducting ______ research, marketers are able to anticipate consumer reactions to service or product failures and train their customer service personnel to respond to such consumers accordingly.

emotion

One retailer asked a group of consumers the types of emotions they experience in both positive and negative retail situations. The purpose of this research was to uncover consumer reactions to various situations so that clerks could be trained to respond appropriately. Which approach to problem recognition is this?

emotion research

Which approach to problem recognition examines emotions associated with certain problems?

emotion research

conjunctive decision rule

establishes minimum required performance standards for each evaluative criterion and selects the first or all brands that meet or exceed these minimum standards

Lane is test driving several models of automobiles to help him decide which one to purchase. Which source of information does this represent?

experimental sources

Carla and her family lost their home and everything in it in to a fire. People would console her by saying that at least her family was not harmed and that everything else can be replaced. She would reply, "I know it was just stuff, but it was our stuff and was special to us." This is reflecting Carla's _____. A. self-concept B. extended self C. past self D. ideal self E. personal self

extended self

Todd owns a discount sporting goods store, and several of the items in his store have a manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) above Todd's lower price. Todd is using the MSRP as a(n) _____.

external reference price

Firms with a limited reputation sometimes do which of the following with a reputable firm so as to gain from the quality associated with the known brand?

form brand alliances

Employees who deal directly with consumers are known as _____.

frontline employees

With the information provided by perceptual mapping the marketer can determine all of the following EXCEPT _____.

how consumers will trade one evaluative criteria for another

What are trans fats?

hydrogenated oils

Consumers acquiring product through mail, telephone, or computer orders is referred to as _____.

in-home shopping

The marketing department of New York Fashion clothing stores has learned that many of its customers have limited opportunities to shop during current store hours. What is one way the marketing department can address this issue?

increase growth of Internet retail stores

Which of the following is NOT a source of increased customer profitability over time?

increased churn

Self-concepts have been categorized into two types, which are _____. A. primary and secondary B. manifest and latent C. independent and interdependent D. yin and yang E. direct and indirect

independent and interdependent

Amber tends to be individualistic and prefers to do things her own way. She lives on her own and decides for herself what she wants to do or how to do things. Which type of self-concept describes Amber? A. primary self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

independent self-concept

Darcy is considering the purchase of living room furniture. While there are several national-chain furniture stores in her city, she is not considering Haverty's because she's purchased furniture from this store before and has been dissatisfied. For Darcy, this furniture retailer is included in her _____.

inept set

Brands for which a consumer is aware but basically indifferent toward compose his or her _____.

inert set

Elaine is considering the purchase of a computer and is aware that Toshiba and HP are brands in this product category. However, she is basically indifferent toward them. These two brands represent Elaine's _____.

inert set

How does music influence consumer behavior?

influences mood

instrumental motive

Which type of motives activates behaviors designed to achieve a second goal?

instrumental motives

Samantha is purchasing a new car. She knows she should compare alternatives on the basis of cost and performance features, but she can't help but consider the styling and the color. She also wants a car that will make her look "cool" and feel special when she's driving it. Styling, color, and how the car will make her feel are examples of _____ evaluative criteria.

intangible

Style, taste, prestige, feelings generated, and brand image are examples of which type of evaluative criteria?

intangible

Which type of reference price or price range does a consumer retrieve from memory to compare with a price in the market?

internal reference price

What is the health risk of trans fat that prompted to government to require that the number of grams of trans fat be provided in nutrition labels on packages?

it raises the level of LDL (bad) cholesterol B) it lowers the level of HDL (good) cholesterol

Few evaluative criteria

low involvement purchases such as buying toilet paper

Karen is going to the mall to purchase new shoes. Based on her prior experience with Nine West and her positive attitude toward them, she plans on looking at the Nine West store first. Her decision to visit the Nine West store is based on which source of information?

memory

Past searches, prior personal experiences, and prior low-involvement learning are examples of which source of information?

memory

The general nature of the outcome a consumer seeks is referred to as a

metagoal

An outlet or brand whose performance confirms a low-performance expectation generally will result in _____.

nonsatisfaction

Greg is a carpenter and his wife, Marsha, is a second grade teacher. They use their computer to keep in touch with their children, and rarely shop online. In which online shopping segment do they belong?

original traditionalists

CARU reviews thousands of ads every year and has _____ success rate in resolving issues related to children's advertising.

over a 95 percent

Which PRIZM segment consists of consumers who are evolving into older "empty-nester" couples as their children grow up and leave home; live in older, stable neighborhoods with pools and patios in their backyard; and are white-collar professionals?

pools & patios

The extended self consists of the self plus _____. A. all others B. family members C. friends D. possessions E. the ideal self

possessions

Carla continued to search for information on cars even after she purchased one. She would go over her decision in her head, and pay attention to ads that featured the car she bought. She was also noticing how many other people drove her model of car, which made her feel more confident that she made a wise decision. Carla is attempting to reduce _____.

postpurchase dissonance

Doubt or anxiety regarding a purchase a consumer has made is known as _____.

postpurchase dissonance

Kerri is searching within herself and trying to determine how she would like to be to herself. Kerri is seeking her _____. A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

private self-concept

Which dimension of self refers to how I am or would like to be to myself? A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

private self-concept

Thought-Tank Inc. is a marketing research firm conducting a study to analyze problems that consumers using low-quality tires face. The study includes questions such as "Which brand(s) of tires get punctured easily?" and "Which brand(s) of tires lose air easily?" This is an example of ______ analysis.

problem

A food manufacturer asked a group of working mothers to think about the problem of serving nutritious meals to their families given their time constraints and to indicate what activities, products, or brands are associated with or perhaps could eliminate those problems. This manufacturer is using which approach to problem recognition?

problem analysis

Crunchy Cereal Company is conducting research and asking consumers to complete the statement "Boxes of _____ don't fit on my kitchen shelves." What method is the company using to identify a consumer concern?

problem analysis

Keith always orders the same soft drink when he eats at a restaurant even when there are many others to choose from. He doesn't even look at the choices-he just orders his favorite. What is this an example of?

product involvement

Samantha has been a fan of Creamy Smooth Brand chocolate milk since she was a young child. Now in her twenties, she still drinks it. Though there are many new brands of chocolate milk, many of them heavily and successfully marketed, Samantha continues to buy her longtime favorite brand without much thought. This is an example of

product involvement

Which of the following occurs when a consumer actively acquires a product that is not used or used only sparingly relative to its potential use?

product nonuse

Which of the following is a nonmarketing factor affecting consumers' actual state?

product/brand performance

A firm that introduces a new line of non-fat snack food due to increasing consumer concern with health is _____.

reacting to problem recognition

Which of the following is NOT an alternative if a consumer decides to retain a product's package?

recycle it

The trustworthiness dimension of an online retailer's image is represented by which components?

reputation, information safety and security

Jose and his family, all Mexican by birth, went to dine at a new Mexican restaurant in Houston, which is home to many outstanding Mexican restaurants. They were expecting authentic Mexican food, and they got it. They most likely experienced _____.

satisfaction

Amelia wanted to purchase a nice watch for her husband, but she was overwhelmed by the amount of information available on the Internet for this product. She visited one website that offered a service that would do the searching and comparisons for her, so she decided to use it. The service Amelia used is referred to as a(n) _____.

shopping bot

A shopping style that puts particular emphasis on certain activities or shopping motivations is called a _____.

shopping orientation

Consumers' general approaches or patterns of external search are termed _____.

shopping orientations

A $10 savings on a $200 item should

show the dollar savings but not the percentage savings

The conjunctive decision rule is used by consumers so that the

size of an information-processing task can be decreased

Lisa has to check her e-mail frequently to delete the unsolicited messages she gets, typically for loans and prescription drugs. If she doesn't delete them, her inbox will fill up and e-mails that she wants to receive won't get through. This unsolicited e-mail is known as _____.

spam

Unsolicited e-mail that is a major concern and irritant is known as _____.

spam

Which of the following is NOT a type of cost associated with perceived risk?

spatial cost

Sam is a retiree with considerable resources, so he doesn't really spend much time on purchase decisions. His belief is that the most expensive brand is probably also the best in terms of quality. Sam uses price as a _____ indicator of quality.

surrogate

An attribute used to stand for or indicate another attribute is known as a _____.

surrogate indicator

In the context of evaluative criteria, an attribute used to denote or stand for or indicate another attribute is known as a(n)

surrogate indicator

Which dimension of product performance relates to aesthetic or image-enhancement performance?

symbolic

Andrew is considering the purchase of a portable DVD player. He is comparing alternatives on the basis of screen size, battery life, and price. Andrew is using which type of evaluative criteria?

tangible

Cost and performance features are examples of which type of evaluative criteria?

tangible

A completely nominal decision does not even include consideration of _____.

the "do not purchase" alternative

A completely nominal decision does not even include consideration of _______.

the "do not purchase" alternative

Sensory discrimination is _____.

the ability of an individual to distinguish between similar stimuli

A metagoal refers to _____.

the general nature of the outcome

When a consumer's choice of a product is primarily influenced by the affective component of his or her attitude, the consumer's evaluation of a product is based on

the way the product makes him or her feel

Consumers make decisions with the help of recommendation agents or bots when ____.

there are numerous alternatives

Likert Scale

this is an approach or tool that helps marketers understand the importance of product attributes to consumers. It is typically done through questionaires.

Rank Ordering

this is just like the lexiographic decision rule. Consumers rank the attributes or traits in order of importance.

Constant Sum

this method assigns a value to the attributes or traits of a product. It is just like the compensatory decision rule

Which of the following consumers are least likely to be able to use the information provided by marketers?

those who are relatively disadvantaged in terms of education and income

Which of the following PRIZM factors is determined by population density, relates to where people live, and is strongly related to the lifestyles people lead? A. ethnicity B. geodemographics C. urbanicity D. life stage E. consensus

urbanicity

How can firms enhance consumers' control with regard to online privacy concerns?

use "opt in" approach

someone with poising is .... ....

utilitarian moderate

One study found that wedding gifts tend to be _____ while birthday gifts tend to be _____.

utilitarian; fun

What is an example of sensory discrimination?

variance in the taste of wine

James likes to eat a strawberry Pop-Tart for breakfast before school. After about two weeks of this, he starts to get bored with that and switches to waffles. James is displaying which type of behavior?

variety-seeking

Nominal decision making indicates a _____ involvement with a purchase

very low

\Carl is middle age and single. He has a high school education and works at a hotel as a desk clerk. He lives in a tiny apartment. Even though he doesn't have a high income, he tries to live an active life attending sporting events, and sometimes he brings a date with him. To which PRIZM group does Carl belong?

young & rustic

Critics of ads that emphasize beauty or sex appeal as major benefits feel that the harmful effects may be most severe for which consumers?

young women

Repeat purchases by consumers involve a(n) ______ decision-making process

nominal

Many customer loyalty programs are designed to generate repeat purchases rather than committed customers.

True

How many PRIZM segments are there? A. 8 B. 10 C. 38 D. 54 E. 66

_____ percent of women in a study reported in the Dove consumer insight perceived their actual beauty to fall short of their ideal. A. 98 B. 10 C. 50 D. 25 E. 30

James is 12 years old and likes to play games on the Internet, and several of these games can be found on marketers' Web sites that feature characters related to their brands. Some sites require that he gives information such as his name and address, and his mother is very concerned about this. Which major concern regarding Internet marketing and children does this highlight? A) invading children's privacy B) exploitation of children through manipulative sales techniques C) inappropriate pop-up ads D) inappropriate site content E) child pornography

Margaret wants to complain about an advertisement targeting children that she saw on a program her children were watching. Which self-regulatory organization should she contact? A) Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) B) National Advertising Review Board (NARB) C) National Children's Advertising Division (NCAD) D) National Children's Advertising Review Board (NCARB) E) Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

What are the three major concerns regarding legal and ethical behavior with respect to marketing communications? A) the accuracy of the information provided, the adequacy of the information provided, and the cumulative impact of marketing information on society's values B) the accuracy of the information provided, the tastefulness of the ad, and the creativity of the ad C) the media used, the prevalence of advertising, and the tastefulness of the ad D) the amount of information provided, the tastefulness of the ad, and the cumulative impact of marketing information on society's values E) the media used, the accuracy of the information provided, and the manner in which the information is provided

Which law protects the value of registered trademarks? A) Federal Trademark Dilution Act B) Lanham Act C) Wheeler-Lea Amendment D) Federal Trade Commission Act E) Internet Protection Act

_____ relates to the collection and use of information from Web sites. A) Online privacy B) Online security C) Online research D) Online commerce E) Online marketing

Instrumental Motives

Activate behaviors designed to achieve a second goal.

Lynette is concerned about her children's health, and she is very bothered with the amount of advertising they see for sugared snack foods and breakfast cereals. Which major area of concern is Lynette concerned about regarding advertising to children? A) the impact of commercial messages on children's values B) the impact of commercial messages on children's health and safety C) the impact of commercial messages on the economy D) the impact of commercial messages on her children's cognitive development E) the impact of commercial messages on her budget

What authority does the FTC possess that enables it to deal with online privacy regarding marketing practices aimed at adults? A) Online Privacy Protection Act (OPPA) B) ability to prohibit unfair or deceptive practices and unfairness authority C) Internet Protection Act (IPA) D) Electronic Media Consumer Protection Act (EMCPA) E) Consumer Exclusion Act (CEA)

Which law deals with nutrition labeling on products' packages? A) Truth-in-Labeling Law B) Nutritional Labeling and Education Act C) Trans Fat Labeling Act D) Fair Packaging and Labeling Act E) U.S. Packaging and Labeling Law

Which of the following has the purpose of ensuring that consumers are provided with adequate information? A) Telephone Consumer Protection Act B) truth-in-lending legislation C) FTC Corrective Advertising Act D) Internet Protection Act E) FTC's unfairness authority

Conor is 15 years old. Which of the following statements is true regarding him and other children his age? A) He most likely still lacks the ability to fully process and understand information, including marketing messages. B) Most marketing programs aimed at him deliberately attempt to exploit him. C) He most likely has the ability to fully process and understand information, including marketing messages. D) While he has the ability to process information, he does not yet have the ability to understand the information. E) Most regulation regarding marketing to children includes him.

Which of the following are teaching materials provided by corporations, usually for free, and come in various forms including posters, activity sheets, and multimedia teaching aids? A) in-school ads B) ads in classrooms C) corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs D) corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs E) mobile games

Which of the following is a conclusion reached regarding childhood obesity? A) Food advertising has not been found to influence children's food choices. B) The FTC has determined that it is primarily marketers' fault that childhood obesity has increased. C) Over the decades that childhood obesity has increased, so too has the amount of advertising. D) Marketers are doing nothing to curb this problem. E) all of the above

Cell phone

Which of the following is referred to as the "Third Screen"? Question options: television computer video games cell phone iPod

What is a major concern that has emerged regarding Internet marketing and children? A) invading children's privacy B) exploitation of children through manipulative sales techniques C) inappropriate pop-up ads D) a and b E) a, b, and c

Why is concern about Internet privacy so strong? A) because it's illegal to gather information on consumers B) because the government is using it to develop dossiers of consumers C) because there are no codes of practice for marketers to follow D) because data are often collected without the consumer explicitly providing it E) because there is no remedy for consumers whose information has been collected

Regulation of marketing activities aimed at adults has focused on _____. A) product features B) marketing communications C) pricing practices D) a and b E) a, b, and c

How many PRIZM segments are there? A) 8 B) 10 C) 38 D) 54 E) 66

E) 66

Which of the following is a major PRIZM lifestage group? A) Urban B) Town & Country C) Second City D) Strivers E) Family Life

E) Family Life

Numerous evaluative criteria

High involvement purchases such as buying a laptop

_____ is how a person lives. A. Personality B. Self-concept C. Lifestyle D. Subculture E. Consumption

Lifestyle

T/F: All consumers have a bounded rationality.

Texture of silk

Which of the following is an example of sensory discrimination?

information overload could occur

While government and businesses want consumers to have full disclosure, which of the following might result for consumers? Question options: Information overload could occur. There might be increased time to make a decision. There may be an inability to make a decision. All purchases become high-involvement situations. Inferior choices will be made.

Attribute-based choice requires _____.

a and b

Online shopping services, such as PriceGrabber.com assist consumers _____.

a and b

What authority does the FTC possess that enables it to deal with online privacy regarding marketing practices aimed at adults?

ability to prohibit unfair or deceptive practices and unfairness authority

Which marketing strategy is similar to preference strategy but is complicated by the fact that the target market is not seeking information about the brand?

acceptance strategy

Bob is a consumer who strives for a clear social position and is strongly influenced by the actions, approval, and opinions of others. He drives an expensive automobile and only buys brands of clothing that are considered "status symbols." Which primary motivation is driving Bob's behavior?

achievement motivation

Consumers driven by which primary motivation strive for a clear social position, are strongly influenced by the actions, approval, and opinions of others, and tend to purchase status symbols? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

achievement motivation

Expenses associated with advertising, establishing a new account, and mailing catalogs are examples of _____.

acquisition costs

instrumental motives

activate behaviors designed to achieve a second goal example: a person purchasing a scientific calculator to solve complicated numerical problems

David is a novice when it comes to using technology. He prefers using cell phones to make and receive calls. He is put off by the complexity of using a smartphone and the frequent upgrading they require. In this scenario, since David is aware of his problem, he faces a(n) ________ problem

active

Many elderly consumers have problems with arthritis. This painful condition makes it almost impossible for them to open jars or medicine containers because the joints in their fingers are so stiff. Which type of consumer problem is this?

active

The type of problem that a consumer will become aware of in the normal course of events or is already aware of is known as a(n) _______ problem

active

Which type of consumer problem is one the consumer is aware of or will become aware of in the normal course of events?

active

What are the types of consumer problems?

active and inactive

Renee sat down and did some serious soul searching. She wanted to understand her perception of her self-concept of who she is now. Renee is searching for her _____. A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

actual self-concept

Which of the following is NOT an online shopper segment?

adventurous explorers

Customized games which are placed on a company's Web site and prominently feature or integrate the company's brands and products as part of the game itself are known as _____.

adver-game

Janet wants to buy a laptop that suits her budget. After looking at a few laptops, she chooses the one that looks trendy and will compliment her personality. In this scenario, Janet has most likely made an ________ choice

affective

Amy is shopping for a dress to wear to a formal dance. She tried on several dresses, not even noticing the price of each. After about two hours of this, she tried one on and exclaimed, "This is it!" That particular dress was the one that she thought made her look fabulous, so she bought it. Which type of choice did Amy use to select this dress?

affective choice

Which of the following tends to be more holistic in nature, and the brand is not decomposed into distinct components that are evaluated separately from the whole?

affective choice

Projective Techniques

allow the respondent to indicate the criteria someone else might use.

Which of the following is NOT a key situational dimension or characteristic that influences consumer behavior?

alternative evaluation

Thelma and Louise look forward to Saturday morning when they can drive to their local diner and have breakfast. They laugh at people who spend their weekends at the mall shopping. To which shopping orientation do Thelma and Louise belong?

apathetic shoppers

Which of the following is a segment of consumers indifferent to shopping?

apathetic shoppers

Kristine remembered that her roommate's SportsTrend bike worked well and looked sleek. Kristine had a Sunsetter bike when she was growing up which she liked but it was known for bright neon colors. At the bike store, she saw both brands for about the same price and decided to buy the SportsTrend bike. Which type of consumer choice process does this demonstrate?

attitude-based

When it is difficult to find information about a product and a purchase must be made quickly, consumers are more likely to rely on a(n) _______ choice

attitude-based

attitude-based choice

Which type of consumer choice process involves the use of general attitudes, summary impressions, intuitions, or heuristics, and no attribute-by-attribute comparisons are made at the time of choice?

attitude-based choice

Which of the following is typically included in a psychographic or lifestyle study?

attitudes values activities and interests demographics (All of the above)

Consumers who demonstrate high purchase involvement or motivation are more likely to use which type of consumer choice process?

attribute-based

The knowledge of particular features at the time a product choice is made and conducting a characteristic-by-characteristic comparison across brands are components of ______ choice

attribute-based

A new brand of peanut butter cookies includes Hershey's Kisses chocolates on top. Which of the following is this new brand using in an attempt to gain from the quality associated with Hershey's chocolate?

brand alliance

The extent to which an individual includes important brands as part of his or her self-concept is known as(the) _____. A. acquisition effect B. brand engagement C. materialistic effect D. endowment effect E. evaluation effect

brand engagement

Which of the following are intangible factors that influence the type of evaluative criteria used by consumers in making a decision?

brand image and style

Which type of nominal decision is characterized by a fairly high degree of product involvement but a low degree of purchase involvement?

brand loyal decision

Which of the following are components of the physical environment?

colors, aromas, music, and crowding

Pam and her friends ate at a new Italian restaurant, and the food, service, and ambiance exceeded their expectations. They all decided that this was the only Italian restaurant they will ever go to again in their town. This is an illustration of _____.

commitment

Which of the following means that the consumer is enthusiastic about a particular brand and is somewhat immune to actions by competitors?

commitment

George has used the same company for his car and home insurance for over 20 years. Any claim he has made has been handled fairly and quickly. A major hurricane came through his area causing many individuals, including George, and business owners to lose everything. While he was hearing about so many insurance claim nightmares, he knew his company would come through because he trusts this company. George is an example of a _____.

committed customer

According to the ______ decision rule, a brand that scores highest on the sum of a consumer's judgment of significant evaluative criteria will be selected by the consumer.

compensatory

Which decision rule states that the brand that rates highest on the sum of the consumer's judgments of the relevant criteria will be chosen?

compensatory

Which of the following is the major reason consumers give for shopping online?

convenience

Eric booked a hotel through hotels.com. However, when he arrived at the hotel, they had no record of his reservation, and he was unable to get a room. He decided then that he would never use this service again. Which reason for changing providers does this represent?

core service failure

Which of the following factors is the MOST likely reason consumers change providers of a service?

core service failure

corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs

corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs

Which of the following are teaching materials provided by corporations, usually for free, and come in various forms including posters, activity sheets, and multimedia teaching aids?

corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs

Which decision rule establishes a minimum level of performance for each important attribute (often a fairly high level), and all brands that meet or exceed the performance level for any key attribute are considered acceptable?

disjunctive

Carl and his family purchased a new home, and the builder left half empty paint cans in the garage. Carl doesn't know what to do with them because he cannot put them out in the regular trash. Carl is concerned with which of the following with regard to the paint?

disposition

Which marketing strategy is appropriate if the brand is not part of consumers' evoked sets?

disrupt strategy

Which marketing strategy is appropriate if the brand is not part of the evoked set and the target market engages in nominal decision making?

disrupt strategy

Freddy is purchasing a new car, and he has decided that gas mileage, price, reliability, and styling are important to him. These attributes represent Freddy's _____.

evaluative criteria

In response to a particular problem, a consumer looks for the various dimensions, benefits, or features that are referred to as

evaluative criteria

Nancy usually considers price and quality when she has to make a major purchase, such as an appliance or an automobile. These two features represent Nancy's _____.

evaluative criteria

The desired features or characteristics required to meet a consumer's needs are his or her _____.

evaluative criteria

The various dimensions, features, or benefits consumers look for in response to a specific problem are called _____.

evaluative criteria

An accurate statement about the nature of evaluative criteria established by consumers is that

evaluative criteria and their significance influence purchase behaviors

The brands or products one will evaluate for the solution of a particular consumer problem are called the _____.

evoked set

Aster plans to buy a new smartphone. She has expertise in technology and stringently compares the features of different smartphones both online and in stores before purchasing. In this scenario, the decision-making process used by Aster is ______ decision making.

extended

Eric was in the store and started looking at riding lawn mowers. He didn't come to this store for the purpose of purchasing one, but he started considering it once he was there. However, he did not purchase one on that trip. Instead he went to other stores to look at their mowers, he asked his neighbor and his brother-in-law about their mowers, and he searched the Internet before he decided on the brand to purchase. Which type of decision making did Eric undertake?

extended decision making

For which type of decision making is external information search relatively important?

extended decision making

Very high levels or purchase involvement tend to produce ________.

extended decision making

Which type of decision making involves an extensive internal and external information search followed by a complex evaluation of multiple alternatives and significant postpurchase evaluation?

extended decision making

Which type of reference price is presented by a marketer for the consumer to use to compare with the current price?

external reference price

Nathan is purchasing a new computer, so he asks his friends and family for help in selecting one. He also has searched the Internet and visited the Dell, Gateway, and Apple websites and has consulted Consumer Reports. Nathan is conducting which type of information search?

external search

Which type of search can involve independent sources, personal sources, marketer-based information, and product experience?

external search

True or false: the trade-offs between hedonic and utilitarian attributes of consumers' choices are not considered by marketers while developing products and promotional campaigns

false

Match the number of evaluative criteria used by a consumer to make a decision with the types of products they are generally associated with

few evaluative criteria = low involvement purchases such as buying toilet paper numerous evaluative criteria = high involvement purchases such as buying a laptop

Research shows that the most important search-related use of the Internet is _____.

finding information

Factors such as timely delivery, order accuracy, billing accuracy, and merchandise quality are part of which dimension in online satisfaction and dissatisfaction?

fulfillment and reliability

To combat the problem of returns when items don't fit as intended, mybestfit has developed a _____.

full-body scanner that collects full body measurements in 10 seconds

Consumers conducting a generic search in an Internet search engine use which type of terms?

general product-related terms

Bob is searching the Internet for information on digital cameras, so he types in the words "digital camera" in Google. Which type of search is Bob conducting?

generic

Research has shown that most of the online search leading up to a purchase was _____.

generic

The kind of problem recognition that arises when a consumer is faced with a discrepancy that can be reduced by having a variety of brands within a product category is called ______ problem recognition.

generic

Campbell's soup used several advertising campaigns that stressed the benefits of soup in general. For example, one tagline used was "Soup is good food," and another was "Never underestimate the power of soup." Which type of problem recognition was Campbell's attempting to stimulate?

generic problem recognition

Which problem recognition involves a discrepancy that a variety of brands within a product category can reduce?

generic problem recognition

The strategy used by marketers to influence purchase decisions in consumers who use the affective choice process to select products is to

help consumers envision the experience of consuming the product

When marketing to consumers who use the affective choice process, companies should

help consumers envision the experience of consuming the product

Numerous evaluative criteria

high involvement purchases such as buying a laptop

What is the key to success of store brands?

high quality at a reasonable

Before doing most things, Erin considers what others will think of her actions and how her behavior will affect them. Others' opinions and feelings really matter to her, more so than most people she knows. Erin is an example of a(n) _____. A. independent B. thinker C. high self-monitor D. low self-monitor E. conspicuous consumer

high self-monitor

Consumers who place heavy weight on the opinions and feelings of others are called _____. A. independents B. interdependents C. high self-monitors D. low self-monitors E. conspicuous consumers

high self-monitors

The manager of a bank branch is concerned about the number of mistakes the tellers were making, so he started manipulating different aspects of the environment in the bank to see what effect each has on the tellers' performance. He examined factors such as the lighting, temperature, and the volume of the music playing in the bank. Which approach to problem recognition is this manager using?

human factors research

Which approach to problem recognition attempts to determine human capabilities in areas such as vision, strength, response time, flexibility, and fatigue and the effect on these capabilities of lighting, temperature, and sound?

human factors research

For which product is no disposition involved?

ice cream cone

Charles was examining his perception of himself as whom he would like to be. Charles is examining his _____. A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

ideal self-concept

In the VALS typology, which primary motivation is characteristic of consumers guided in their choices by their beliefs and principles rather than by feelings or desire for social approval? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

ideals motivation

The Martins' home has potentially unsafe levels of radon, but they have no idea because it is odorless and they have not been feeling any ill effects from it. In fact, several homes have this problem and the owners are not aware of it, and they may never become aware of it unless testing is done. What type of consumer problem is this?

inactive

Treena watches a lot of television and was happy with her cable package. She was not interested in upgrading her service but was talked into it by her cousin. Treena is now enjoying the benefits of it and getting much more out of her experience. She told her cousin she now has a system she didn't know she needed. In this scenario, Treena's problem was a(n) ______ problem.

inactive

Which type of consumer problem is one of which the consumer is not aware?

inactive

If a brand is included in a consumer's evoked set, which marketing strategy is NOT appropriate?

intercept strategy

One of the major distinctions of self-concept is between _____ and _____, which is also related to an important value dimension in the United States and abroad. A. private self-concept; public self-concept B. personal self-concept; interpersonal self-concept C. actual self-concept; ideal self-concept D. independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept E. present self-concept; future self-concept

independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept

Jon needed to purchase new tires for his SUV. He consulted Consumer Reports to see how the various brands were rated. Jon consulted which type of information source?

independent sources

One marketer for a brand of shampoo learned through research that consumers in the target market engage in limited decision making but that this marketer's brand is not part of their evoked set. Which marketing strategy is appropriate for this company?

intercept strategy

If the target market engages in limited decision making and the brand is not part of their evoked set, the objective will be to _____.

intercept the consumer during the search for information on the brands in the evoked set

Individuals with which type of self-concept tend to be obedient, sociocentric, holistic, connected, and relation oriented? A. group self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

interdependent self-concept

Nakeisha wants to purchase some new make-up, but she wants something different from what she is currently using. Since she has experience with this product, she just thinks of the other products she has tried and decides to purchase one of those. Which type of information search has Nakeisha performed?

internal search

Once a problem is recognized, relevant information from long-term memory is used to determine if a satisfactory solution is known, what the characteristics of potential solutions are, what are appropriate ways to compare solutions, and so forth. This is referred to as _____.

internal search

Rudy is a product category manager for a major consumer packaged goods manufacturer. Part of his job requires that he analyze a given product category and logically determine where improvements could be made. Rudy has determined several consumer problems this way. Which of the following best describes how Rudy uncovers consumer problems?

intuition

All other things being equal, consumers tend to prefer _____.

larger retail outlets over smaller outlets

Which of the following components represent the service dimension of a store's image?

layaway

Which decision rule requires the consumer to rank the criteria in order of importance, and then the consumer selects the brand that performs best on the most important attribute?

lexicographic

Which of the following is considered an outward expression of one's self-concept? A. demographics B. geographics C. lifestyle D. attitudes E. aspirations

lifestyle

Marla is bored with her cell phone. She wants to purchase a new one that has cool ring tones and can take a picture. She's not going to conduct a big search for a new phone as she's just going to consider a few others. Which type of decision making is this?

limited decision making

mobile marketing

Wendy was in Walmart and noticed a display with baking items collected together and a little pad with recipes to tear off. She looked at the recipe and decided that this would make a nice dessert for Thanksgiving, so she purchased the products that were conveniently located on the display. Which type of decision making did Wendy undertake?

limited decision making

When a consumer notices a new product in a store because of the point-of-purchase display, reads about the attributes of the product and recalls an unresolved problem that this product will solve, and then purchases the product, _____ has occurred.

limited decision making

Which type of consumer decision making includes the evaluation of only a few attributes, simple decision rules, and few alternatives?

limited decision making

Which type of decision making covers the middle ground between nominal and extended decision making?

limited decision making

Which type of decision making involves internal and external search, few alternatives, simple decision rules on a few attributes, and little postpurchase evaluation?

limited decision making

Self-image congruity really doesn't matter much to Sam, particularly because he doesn't usually consider the opinions of others or their feelings when he acts. Sam would be described as a(n) _____. A. independent B. thinker C. high self-monitor D. low self-monitor E. conspicuous consumer

low self-monitor

Consumers who do not place heavy weight on the opinions and feelings of others are called _____. A. independents B. interdependents C. high self-monitors D. low self-monitors E. conspicuous consumers

low self-monitors

Consumers who do not place heavy weight on the opinions and feelings of others are called _____. A) independents B) interdependents C) high self-monitors D) low self-monitors E) conspicuous consumers

low self-monitors

Which information source is NOT actively acquired by consumers?

low-involvement learning

Sales personnel, websites, and advertising represent which type of information source?

marketing sources

Stephanie and her husband are considering the purchase of a 52" plasma television. They have visited several manufacturers' websites, looked at the ads in the Sunday newspaper, and have spoken with sales people at several electronics stores. Which source of information are they using?

marketing sources

The use of simple intuition to identify consumer problems has an increased likelihood of failure because it

may not apply to a wide range of consumers

The tendency of an owner to evaluate an object more favorably than a nonowner is called the _____. A. personal bias effect B. personal relevance effect C. mere ownership effect D. possessive effect E. mere exposure effect

mere ownership effect

Clark and his family normally live paycheck to paycheck. However, this month, they found themselves with a little extra money, so they decided to go out to a nice restaurant and to a movie. This is an example of the antecedent state of _____.

momentary conditions

Which of the following reflects temporary states of being rather than temporary states of mind?

momentary conditions

Which of the following are antecedent states?

moods and momentary conditions

Consumers who browse and/or purchase in more than one channel are known as _____.

multi-channel shoppers

Failure on a given product or service characteristic often has a stronger effect on consumers than success on that same characteristic. This is known as ______.

negativity bias

Carmen was participating in a psychographic study, and several questions pertained to activities and interests. Questions regarding this aspect of lifestyle include which of the following? A. evaluative statements about other people, places, ideas, products, and so forth B. widely held beliefs about what is acceptable or desirable C. nonoccupational behaviors to which consumers devote time and effort, such as hobbies, sports, public service, and church D. age, education, income, occupation, family structure, ethnic background, gender, and geographic location E. specific media the consumers utilize

nonoccupational behaviors to which consumers devote time and effort, such as hobbies, sports, public service, and church

Kristen purchased a chair and ottoman from a national chain furniture store. After only six months, the fabric started to fade and tear in some spots. While she didn't spend much money on this chair, she did expect it to last longer than that. Kristen most likely experienced _____.

nonsatisfaction

Rod wasn't expecting much from the painters that came to his house. True to form, they did not do a good job and confirmed his low-performance expectations. Rod is most likely experiencing _____.

nonsatisfaction

Deliberate external search that occurs in the absence of problem recognition and is done both to acquire information for possible later use and because the process itself is pleasurable is known as _____.

ongoing search

Which of the following barriers to online purchasing is related to consumer fears regarding how personal information about them that is gathered online might be used?

online privacy concerns

Advertising is frequently criticized for fostering which type of values in children?

overly materialistic B) self-focused C) short-term

Semantic Scale

pairs attributes that are opposites. For example, it might measure something like instant gratification as a opposed to delaying gratification and attempts to explain which consumers might favor.

An experience that surpasses the usual level of intensity, meaningfulness, and richness and produces feelings of joy and self-fulfillment is known as a(n) _____. A. peak experience B. defining moment C. ultimate experience D. ideal experience E. intense experience

peak experience

A technique that requires consumers to judge the similarity of alternative brands is _____.

perceptual mapping

Gail was participating in a market research study, and she was given 20 pairs of brands of shampoo and asked to indicate which pair is most similar, which is second most similar, and so forth until all pairs were ranked. Which type of indirect measurement technique used to assess Gail's evaluative criteria does this represent?

perceptual mapping

For which type of product is self-image congruity likely to matter more? A. vacuum B. laundry detergent C. perfume D. paper towel E. lawn mower

perfume

Friends, family, and others are examples of which source of information?

personal source

Wendy was describing to her friend what the American Girl store is Chicago is like. She was telling her about all the different rooms that were in the store, such as a room for each doll (e.g., Bitty Baby, Felicity, Kit, etc.), a room for furniture, a room for girl-sized clothing that matched the dolls' clothing, the tea room, and the auditorium where she saw a stage show. Which dimension of store image was Wendy describing?

physical facilities

Connie just purchased her first new car, and she's actually feeling a little bad about it. She's concerned about how much money she spent and how long she will be making car payments. She's not sure she made the right choice, either. She liked another car a little better, but ended up purchasing another model. Connie is experiencing _____.

postpurchase dissonance

Extended decision making with the brand in the evoked set requires which marketing strategy?

preference strategy

Which marketing strategies are appropriate for extended decision making?

preference strategy and acceptance strategy

Which approach to problem recognition starts with a problem and asks respondents to indicate which activities, products, or brands are associated with (or perhaps could eliminate) those problems?

problem analysis

In the context of the consumer decision process, when there is a discrepancy between a desired state and an actual state that is sufficient to arouse and activate the decision process, this is known as

problem recognition

Tess noticed that she was almost out of shampoo. Which stage of the decision process will this observation activate?

problem recognition

The first stage in the consumer decision process is

problem recognition

What is the first stage of the consumer decision process?

problem recognition

_____ is the result of a discrepancy between a desired state and an actual state that is sufficient to arouse and activate the decision process?

problem recognition

Examination of problems encountered by consumers while using a product or brand and the purchase is referred to as _______ analysis

product

A manufacturer of a digital music player asked several consumers the problems associated with using these types of products. Several consumers said that they had trouble downloading music onto their computers and then onto their music players. Which approach to problem recognition is this marketer using?

product analysis

Gemini Inc. is a marketing research firm determining the purchase and usage patterns of a new ergonomic chair. Focus groups are used to determine the problems consumers encounter while using this chair. This analysis by Gemini is an example of

product analysis

Which approach to problem recognition examines the purchase or use of a particular product or brand?

product analysis

Brand loyalty of a consumer is associated with a high degree of ______ involvement, but a low degree of ______ involvement

product; purchase

An example of an indirect method used by marketers to measure consumers' evaluative criteria is a(n)

projective technique

Attempts to develop quantitative measures of lifestyle were initially referred to as _____, which is a term that is frequently used interchangeably with lifestyle. A. demographics B. lifeographics C. household life cycle D. psychographics E. personality

psychographics

The level of concern for, or interest in, the purchase process triggered by the need to consider a particular purchase is known as _____.

purchase involvement

Evaluative criteria differ on all EXCEPT which of the following?

quality

The lexicographic decision rule differs from the other rules in that the customer must

rank criteria in order of importance

All EXCEPT which of the following nonmarketing factors affect a consumer's actual state?

reference group

Marriott Rewards customers earn points whenever they stay at any Marriott property. Louis is in this program, and he travels quite a bit because he works in sales. He usually stays at a Courtyard by Marriott, and when he walks into the lobby there is a sign by the desk welcoming him by name as well as other Marriott Rewards customers who might be staying there. This ongoing relationship between Louis and Marriott is an example of _____.

relationship marketing

Unplanned purchases are further subdivided into which two categories?

reminder and impulse

Rita is doing her family's grocery shopping and purchases ice cream. She's purchased Blue Bell ice cream before and purchases it again. She's not committed to this brand; it's just that she and her family like it. Which type of nominal decision is this?

repeat purchase decision

Jim is trying to determine the level of his store's attraction by using the square footage as a measure of breadth of merchandise and the distance to the store from different geographic areas. Which model is he using?

retail gravitation model

The retail attraction model is also called the _____.

retail gravitation model

Any source of products or services for consumers is referred to as a _____.

retail outlet

Marketers attempt to solve potential problems by activating problem recognition in consumers before a discrepancy between their actual and desired states arises. Which situation exemplifies this action?

retailers stocking sweaters just before the onset of autumn

Which of the following is NOT a global lifestyle segment identified by Roper Starch Worldwide?

rustics

What was the MAIN reason consumers gave in a survey for why they don't like shopping in stores?

salespeople and poorly informed

When perceptions of product performance match expectations that are at or above the minimum performance level, _____ generally results.

satisfaction

Kodak markets digital cameras and is aware that consumers search for information concerning this product on the Internet using one of the several search engines (e.g., Google). To ensure that Kodak appears on the first page of results, this company pays the search engine to become a sponsored link when consumers search the key words "digital camera." This is an illustration of _____.

search engine optimization

Which of the following involves techniques designed to ensure that a company's Web pages appear high on an Internet search result list?

search engine optimization

An advertisement for Topol toothpaste, which is targeted at smokers and coffee and wine drinkers, stresses how this is the only brand that can remove the stains associated with these consumption behaviors. Which type of problem recognition is this marketer attempting to stimulate?

selective problem recognition

Which problem recognition involves a discrepancy that only one brand can solve?

selective problem recognition

Jennifer sees herself as a loving, caring mother and wife. She also sees herself as an accomplished professional. Finally, she sees herself as a good citizen and devoutly religious person who takes the concerns of others seriously and tries to make the world a better place for those less fortunate than she and her family. This totality of Jennifer's thoughts and feelings about herself is known as her _____. A. inner peace B. inner self C. self-concept D. personal identity E. self-identity

self-concept

The totality of the individual's thoughts and feelings having reference to himself or herself as an object is known as _____. A. self-concept B. lifestyle C. self-profile D. personal space E. ideal-self

self-concept

Marty is an action-oriented consumer, and he strives to express his individuality through his choices. He purchases products and services for the experience they can provide him rather than what they might say about him to others. Which primary motivation is guiding Marty's behavior? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

self-expression motivation

In May 2000, the FTC issued a report that concluded that _____.

self-regulation was not providing adequate privacy regulation and recommended national legislation

What is the most common measurement approach to measuring self-concept? A. semantic differential B. Likert items C. 100-point constant-sum scale D. nominal variables E. open-ended questions

semantic differential

Richard is reassessing his life and asking himself, "How am I seen by others?" He is also asking himself, "How would I like to be seen by others?" Richard is seeking his _____. A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. real self-concept

social self-concept

desired state

social status reference group financial status motives

Purchase of which product typically represents low social risk and low economic risk for consumers?

socks

A disadvantage of using a direct method to determine the evaluative criteria used by consumers is that

sometimes consumers are unable to vocalize their evaluative criteria

Harriet is very frugal, so she regularly combs the grocery ads looking for bargains. Usually she'll go to a particular store just to buy an advertised item, but sometimes she purchases other items that were not advertised as well. The purchase of the unadvertised items represent which type of sales?

spillover sales

Sales of additional items to customers who came to purchase an advertised item are referred to as _____.

spillover sales

Brands owned and sold by a specific retail outlet are known as _____.

store brands

Kelly likes to shop at Target. She really likes the Archer Farms brands with the rooster on the label, which is one of Target's own brands and can only be purchased there. These types of brands are known as _____.

store brands

A given consumer's or target market's perception of all the attributes associated with a retail outlet is generally referred to as the _____.

store image

Why must manufacturers design products with both the primary purpose and other potential uses in mind?

stringent product liability laws

After identifying a consumer problem, marketing managers can try to solve the problem by

structuring the marketing mix

The tobacco industry is an example of a group that prefers to _____ the government-issued health warnings associated with smoking

suppress

Effective quality control and distribution and package inserts that assure the consumer of the wisdom of their purchase are attempts at _____.

suppressing problem recognition

The strategy used by marketers when the disjunctive decision rule is used is to

surpass consumes' desired performance level on at least one of they key attributes

Jenni is shopping for wedding shoes and narrows her decision down to two pairs. She decides to buy the more expensive pair because she believes that the higher priced shoe must be better quality. Her belief is based on a

surrogate indicator

Sandy uses online banking, and her bank charges her $4.99 per month. However, she has seen ads for a competing bank offering free online banking services. She'd like to switch, but she realized that it might be difficult to do since she has several of her bill payments set up as automatic debits. The cost of changing to another bank represents Sandy's _____.

switching costs

The costs of finding, evaluating, and adopting another solution are known as _____.

switching costs

Monique is buying a new coat for the winter. While she is concerned with how well the coat will keep her warm, she is also concerned with how stylish it will make her look. Her concern for stylishness represents which dimension of product performance?

symbolic

Shannon plans to buy a television set. She prepares a list of evaluative criteria in decreasing order of importance. She decides on a cut-off for each evaluative criterion. Then, she evaluates televisions, removing those that do not meet the cut-off for the most important criterion. She continues her search using this method until one brand remains. What decision rule is Shannon using?

the elimination-by-aspects decision rule

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate condition to attempt to influence generic problem recognition?

the firm has a small percentage of the market

the impact of commercial messages on children's health and safety

An understanding of the importance consumers assign to evaluative criteria is critical for marketers as

the importance of the same criterion can vary among consumers

The level of one's desire to resolve a particular problem depends on which factors?

the magnitude of the discrepancy between the desired and actual states and the relative importance of the problem

Which disposition alternative is the most widely used by consumers?

throw away

Lori purchased new tires for her car, and she can bring it back every 5,000 miles to have the tires rotated free of charge. However, Lori doesn't do it because that would require that she take her car to the shop and either leave it and have someone get her and take her back later or sit and wait for the tires to be rotated. Which type of cost does this represent?

time cost

Why do firms attempt to create selective problem recognition in consumers?

to maintain or gain market share

To which set do alternatives the consumer does not know about belong?

unawareness set

consummatory motives

underlying behaviors that are intrinsically rewarding to the individual involved example: a person purchasing an expensive smartphone because it makes him or her appear trendy

Purchases made in a retail outlet that are different from those the consumer planned to make prior to entering that retail outlet are called _____.

unplanned purchases

John can afford the finer things, and often goes to boutiques to make his purchases. He does, however, research brands and prices online before doing so. To which online shopping segment does John belong?

upscale clicks and bricks

Which online shopping segment found by Experian buys in stores and does heavy online research prior to buying?

upscale clicks and bricks

Customer relationship management (CRM) programs are _____.

used to increase satisfaction, commitment, and retention of key customers

Good product offers and information, value, and alignment with consumers' interests are components of which dimension of online retailer image?

usefulness

Which online shopping segments found by Experian is 10 percent more likely on average to have shopped online in the past 12 months looking for good deals?

virtual shoppers

Marketers would prefer suppressing problem recognition by consumers when they don't

want customers to recognize faults in their products or brands

Factors such as information quality, navigation, price, merchandise availability, purchase process, and order tracking are part of which dimension in online satisfaction and dissatisfaction?

website design and interaction

For which product are consumers more willing to travel longer distances to shop for?

wedding dress

Which situation shows how a consumer's prior decision influences their future decisions within the same product category?

when a consumer joins a health club and needs to buy running shoes and athletic wear

Which of these situations is most likely to be affected by the third assumption affecting consumer choice in which time pressure affects the optimal solution?

when a consumer must replace a cell phone plan

Ronald is dissatisfied with a product he has bought. What is the first decision Ronald will make with regard to his dissatisfying situation?

whether or not to take any external action

Even if a dissatisfied consumer takes no external action, which of the following is likely?

will have a less favorable attitude toward the store or brand

Which image-based product is often perceived by consumers as being higher quality because it is higher priced?

wine

Which of the following is an approach to problem identification?

all of the above

Which of the following is nonmarketing factor affecting problem recognition?

all of the above

disclaimers

"Part of a nutritious breakfast," "Each sold separately," and "Batteries not included" are examples of _____. Question options: disclaimers primers warning labels deception corrective advertising

Suzy is having her 6th birthday party at Club Libby Lu at a department store in the mall. She and six of her friends will get a complete "make-over" with glittery makeup and shiny extensions added to their hair. This is an example of which approach retailers are taking to improve the shopping experience?

"destination areas" within stores

Sarah just purchased some casual twill pants from L.L.Bean. When she was checking out, she was asked for her e-mail address. Below that box was a box that was checked that indicated she would like to receive promotion messages and have her information shared with similar marketers. She unchecked that box because she did not want to receive these promotional offers and did not want her information shared. This is an example of which approach online retailers are using to enhance consumers' control?

"opt in" approach

It is predicted that the total web-influenced in-store sales will be _____ in 2015.

$1,543 billion

List the steps that are taken in perceptual mapping of consumers' evaluative criteria in a sequential order, with the first step at the top

1. Ranking of alternative brands by consumers based on similarity 2. Processing of ranks by a computer 3. Creation of a perceptual map of brands

In sequential order, with the first step at the top, list the steps taken by consumers using the elimination-by-aspects decision rule to evaluate alternatives to a recognized problem

1. The evaluative criteria based on significance are rated by consumers and cutoff points for each criterion are established 2. All brands are considered on the most significant criterion and those that do not meet or surpass an established cut-off point are eliminated 3. Remaining brands are similarly evaluated by consumers on criteria with progressively lower importance until one brand remains

List the steps to develop marketing strategies appropriate to a target market's purchase situation

1. The rule or combination of rules most likely used by a target market in a particular purchase situation should be determined 2. Marketing strategies that correspond to the decision-making activities conducted by a target market should be developed

In sequential order in which they occur, list the steps, with the first step at the top, to develop marketing strategies appropriate to a target market's purchase situation

What are three methods marketers use to determine consumers' judgments of brand performance on specific evaluative criteria?

1. semantic differential scales 2. rank ordering scales 3. Likert scales

in sequential order, list the steps taken by consumers using the elimination-by-aspects decision rule to evaluate alternatives to a recognized problem

1. the evaluative criteria based on significance are rated by consumers and cutoff points for each criterion are established 2. All brands are decided on the most significant criterion and those do not meet or surpass an established cut-off point are eliminated 3. Remaining brands are similarly evaluated by consumers on criteria with progressively lower importance until one brand remains

What are the 2 factors that determine the level of a consumer's desire to resolve recognized problems?

1. the relative importance of a problem 2. the magnitude of the discrepancy between the consumer's desired and actual states

What are three observational techniques that are useful in conducting human factors research?

1. time-lapse photography 2. video and event recording 3. slow-motion photography

According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, children lack the ability to fully process and understand information, including marketing messages, until around age _____.

What is the oldest age of a child that most regulation attempts to protect with respect to marketing practices?

Estimates of the number of TV ads that children are exposed to per year range from _____.

18,000 to 40,000

How many of the CARU's general guiding principles relate to a child's ability to comprehend commercial messages?

What year did the rules based on the guidelines in the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act go in to effect?

2000

Susan picked of a package of potato chips and noticed on the front of the package the words, "0 grams of trans fat." She looked at the nutrition label and noticed that listed beneath the number of total grams of fat was the number of grams of trans fat, which was zero in this case. She has noticed that just this year, food packages with nutrition labels now contain this information. What year did this begin?

2006

How many of CARU's basic principles focus on the concern regarding the impact of commercial messages on children's values and their health and safety?

"Part of a nutritious breakfast," "Each sold separately," and "Batteries not included" are examples of _____. A) disclaimers B) primers C) warning labels D) deception E) corrective advertising

Ads in such places as school buses, scoreboards, bulletin boards, as well as coupons and free samples represent which of the following? A) in-school ads B) ads in classrooms C) corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs D) corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs E) mobile games

At Marci's school, there are logos for McDonald's, Coca-Cola, and Sprint around the football stadium's scoreboard. She was also given pencils that had Gap written on them and a notebook with the Nike swoosh. These are examples of _____. A) in-school ads B) ads in classrooms C) corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs D) corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs E) mobile games

CARU and others are interested in the impact that the _____ of children's advertising has, as well as the ability of children to process advertising messages. A) content B) quantity C) quality D) tone E) all of the above

When the FTC applied sanctions to Lewis Galoob Toys for portraying a doll dancing and a plane flying unassisted when actual assistance was required, this was related to _____. A) CARU's guidelines linked to possible processing deficits of children B) CARU's guidelines linked to concerns about the health/safety/value effects of commercial messages on children. C) COPPA's guidelines regarding processing deficits of children. D) all of the above E) none of the above

Which of the following is a special unit of the National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus that specifically reviews advertising aimed at children? A) Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) B) National Advertising Review Board (NARB) C) National Children's Advertising Division (NCAD) D) National Children's Advertising Review Board (NCARB) E) Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)? A) It does not apply to nonprofits. B) Information cannot be collected from children, used or disclosed unless the Web site operator has obtained verifiable parental consent through "exhaustive effort." C) The majority of children's commercial Web sites still had not modified their data collection practices a year after the law became effective. D) It authorizes CARU to develop specific rules to implement the provisions of the act. E) all of the above

Which of the following statements regarding marketing and children's health and safety is FALSE? A) Ensuring that advertisements portray only safe uses of products is sometimes difficult, and it is a controversial area. B) Even ads clearly not targeting children can have potentially harmful consequences. C) In many instances, children and teenagers are exposed to advertising directed at adults. D) Advertising of health-related products, particularly snack foods and cereals, is controversial. E) Advertising sugared products such as presweetened breakfast cereals does increase their consumption.

While government and businesses want consumers to have full disclosure, which of the following might result for consumers? A) information overload B) increased time to make a decision C) inability to make a decision D) all purchases become high-involvement situations E) inferior choices will be made

A choice based on the "how do I feel about it" heuristic is referred to as a. constructive choice b. affective choice c. attribute-based choice d. conjunctive choice e. none of the above

Influence consumers to choose another more important attribute of Frorture

A consumer uses lexicographic decision rule to evaluate two alternative tire brands, "Frorture" and "Kurthis". Assuming that both brands exhibit maximum performance at each level for the most important criterion, which strategy should marketers of Frorture use to influence consumers to purchase Frorture tires?

Sometimes consumers are unable to vocalize their evaluative criteria

A disadvantage of using a direct method to determine the evaluative criteria used by consumers for a specific product decision is that:

Attribute-based comparisons at the time of choice.

A feature of attitude-based choice is that consumers do not make:

Ask consumers to state their evaluative criteria AND involve specification of evaluative criteria by consumers

A feature of perceptual mapping as a technique used by marketers is that it does not

Exhibit maximum performance for the most important evaluative criterion

A key feature of using lexicographic decision rule is that a consumer has to select those alternatives that:

A limited capacity for processing information is known as _____. a. working memory b. bound memory c. bounded rationality d. bounded processing e. finite processing

A metagoal refers to _____. a. the overall amount of energy devoted to any given purchase b. the general nature of the outcome being sought c. the conscious thinking of all decision processes d. using non financial criteria to make purchase decisions e. none of the above

Disjunctive

A minimum level of performance for each important attribute of a product is established and all brands that surpass or meet performance level of any of the crucial attributes are determined using the _______ decision rule.

A new brand of peanut butter cookies include Hershey's Kisses chocolates on top. Which of the following is this new brand using in an attempt to gain from the quality associated with Hershey's chocolate? a. blind test b. brand alliance c. two-sided message d. conjoint alliance e. conjunctive alliance

Nutrional labeling & education act

A new rule that requires marketers to list the number of grams of trans fat on a product's package is an amendment of which law? Question options: Truth-in-Labeling Law Nutritional Labeling and Education Act Fat Labeling Act Fair Packaging and Labeling Act U.S. Packaging and Labeling Law

Sensory discrimination

A person can differentiate between similar stimuli if he or she has the ability known as:

Instrumental motive

A person purchasing a scientific calculator to solve complicated numerical problems

Consummatory motive

A person purchasing an expensive smartphone because it makes him or her appear trendy

mobile marketing

A soft-drink manufacturer is running a promotion in which consumers text message from their cell phone a code that they can find under the bottle cap. Consumers entering can win various prizes. This is an example of which type of marketing activity aimed at children that is considered controversial? Question options: violent entertainment products kids' clubs mobile marketing commercialization in schools Internet marketing

A technique that requires consumers to judge the similarity of alternative brands is _____. a. conjoint analysis b. attitude survey c. semantic differential scale d. perceptual mapping e. none of the above

Blind Tests

A test in which the consumer is not aware of the product's brand name.

Blind test

A test, conducted by marketers to evaluate functional characteristics of a product, in which respondents are unaware of the product's brand name is referred to as a(n) _______ _______.

Jonathon is a career-oriented person who feels in control of his life. He values consensus, predictability, and stability over risk, intimacy, and self-discovery. Convenience and time-saving products and services are important to him and his family due to their hectic lifestyle. To which VALS segment does Jonathon belong? A) Achievers B) Makers C) Believers D) Experiencers E) Innovators

A) Achievers

Which of the following is one of the shopping lifestyle segments based on consumer shopping motives? A) Enthusiasts B) Junkies C) Proud Patrons D) Fantasists E) all of the above

A) Enthusiast

Graham is a college student who is impulsive and somewhat rebellious. He seeks out variety and excitement, usually looking for something new, offbeat, and risky. Even though he was old enough, he didn't vote in the last presidential election and is not very interested in world events. To which VALS segment does Graham belong? A) Experiencers B) Strivers C) Survivors D) Makers E) Believers

A) Experiencers

Which segment of shoppers is primarily motivated by value, not fun and adventure? A) Minimalists B) Enthusiasts C) Traditionalists D) Gatherers E) Providers

A) Minimalists

_____ continue to buy the same brand though they do not have an emotional attachment to it. A) Repeat purchasers B) Brand loyals C) Committed customers D) Satisfied buyers E) Referred buyers

A) Repeat purchasers

With respect to the specific lifestyle scheme developed by Porsche, which segment of consumers is ambitious and driven, values power and control, and expects to be noticed? A) Top Guns B) Elitists C) Proud Patrons D) Bon Vivants E) Fantasists

A) Top Guns

Renee sat down and did some serious soul searching. She wanted to understand her perception of her self-concept of who she is now. Renee is searching for her _____. A) actual self-concept B) ideal self-concept C) private self-concept D) social self-concept E) present self-concept

A) actual self-concept

Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I am now? A) actual self-concept B) ideal self-concept C) private self-concept D) social self-concept E) present self-concept

A) actual self-concept

Dawn and her two daughters went to see Pride & Prejudice at the movie theater. They all loved the movie and came out saying "we're so glad she married Mr. Darcy!" This movie provided them with _____. A) affective performance B) direct performance C) instrumental performance D) symbolic performance E) consummatory performance

A) affective performance

The emotional response that owning or using the product or outlet provides is known as _____. A) affective performance B) direct performance C) instrumental performance D) symbolic performance E) consummatory performance

A) affective performance

Individuals with independent self-concepts tend to be _____. A) autonomous B) holistic C) connected D) obedient E) all of the above

A) autonomous

Consumers that exhibit a positively biased behavior toward a specific brand are exhibiting _____. A) brand loyalty B) brand leverage C) brand image D) brand equity E) brand bias

A) brand loyalty

Jason will only drink Pepsi cola, and he feels an emotional attachment to it. That is the brand he was brought up on and is the one he continues to drink every day. Jason is exhibiting _____. A) brand loyalty B) brand leverage C) brand image D) brand equity E) brand bias

A) brand loyalty

A) core service failure

Which of the following factors is the MOST likely reason consumers change providers of a service? A) core service failure B) service encounter failure C) pricing D) attraction by competitors E) ethical problems

A) core service failure

Exploding demand and short product life-spans for high-tech gadgets such as cell phones, personal computers, and various other personal electronic devices is creating growing concerns over _____. A) e-waste B) poisonous waste C) hazardous waste D) reusable waste E) recyclable waste

A) e-waste

For which product is no disposition involved? A) ice cream cone B) laundry detergent C) soft drink D) clothing E) electronics

A) ice cream cone

In the VALS typology, which primary motivation is characteristic of consumers guided in their choices by their beliefs and principles rather than by feelings or desire for social approval? A) ideals motivation B) achievement motivation C) self-expression motivation D) realist motivation E) focused motivation

A) ideals motivation

Pamela is a consumer that is guided in her choices by her beliefs and principles rather than by feelings or desire for social approval. She tends to purchase products based on functionality and reliability. Which primary motive is guiding Pamela's behavior? A) ideals motivation B) achievement motivation C) self-expression motivation D) realist motivation E) focused motivation

A) ideals motivation

Individuals with which type of self-concept are more likely to seek adventure and excitement through travel, sports, and entertainment, to be opinion leaders, and to prefer magazines over TV? A) independents B) interdependents C) self-monitors D) idealists E) doers

A) independents

What are the two dimensions to performance for products? A) instrumental and symbolic B) latent and manifest C) immediate and delayed D) direct and indirect E) consummatory and instrumental

A) instrumental and symbolic

Renee has been going to the same dentist for years. However, her employer changed her dental insurance plan, and her dentist was not part of the plan. She had to switch to an approved dentist. Which reason for changing providers does this represent? A) involuntary switching B) responses to service failures C) pricing D) attraction by competitors E) ethical problems

A) involuntary switching

An experience that surpasses the usual level of intensity, meaningfulness, and richness and produces feelings of joy and self-fulfillment is known as a(n) _____. A) peak experience B) defining moment C) ultimate experience D) ideal experience E) intense experience

A) peak experience

Regulation of marketing activities aimed at adults has focused on _____.

A) product features B) marketing communications C) pricing practices

A) relationship marketing

Which dimension of product performance relates to aesthetic or image-enhancement performance? A) affective B) direct C) instrumental D) symbolic E) consummatory

D) symbolic

A) satisfaction

When perceptions of product performance match expectations that are at or above the minimum performance level, _____ generally results. A) satisfaction B) dissatisfaction C) nonsatisfaction D) elation E) surprise

A) satisfaction

The totality of the individual's thoughts and feelings having reference to himself or herself as an object is known as _____. A) self-concept B) lifestyle C) self-profile D) personal space E) ideal-self

A) self-concept

What is the most common measurement approach to measuring self-concept? A) semantic differential B) Likert items C) 100-point constant-sum scale D) nominal variables E) open-ended questions

A) semantic differential

A market researcher asked Adam to place an "X" on one of the seven spaces that are placed between several sets of adjectives that best represents how he sees himself on those two opposite adjectives. This is the most common approach to measuring self-concept and is known as _____. A) semantic differentials B) Likert items C) a 100-point constant-sum scale D) nominal variables E) open-ended questions

A) semantic differentials

Sherri pulled up to the drive-up ATM at her bank. She put her card in, and it came right back out. On the screen was a message that the machine was not operational. Sherri was not happy. Which incident type with respect to self-service technologies does this represent? A) technology failure B) service design flaw C) technology design flaw D) customer failure E) financial failure

A) technology failure

Which of the following is a major PRIZM social group? A) urban B) family life C) mature years D) younger years E) all of the above

A) urban

Self-image congruity influences on brand preference and choice depend on which of the following? A. individual factors B. product factors C. situational factors D. A and B E. A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Which group needs to understand how situational influences affect consumers' disposition decisions?

A. marketers B. Government C. environmental organizations (E. A, B, C)

Compensatory

According to the ________ decision rule, a brand that scores highest on the sum of a consumer's judgement of significant evaluative criteria will

Jonathon is a career-oriented person. He values predictability over change. Premium products are important to him to show friends he is successful. To which VALS segment does Jonathon belong? A. Achievers B. Makers C. Believers D. Experiencers E. Innovators

Achievers

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding active and inactive consumer problems?

Active problems require the marketer only to convince consumers that its brand is the superior solution.

Which of the following statements is true regarding active and inactive consumer problems?

Active problems require the marketer only to convince consumers that its brand is the superior solution.

in school ads

Ads in such places as school buses, scoreboards, and bulletin boards, as well as coupons and free samples, represent which of the following? Question options: in-school ads ads in classrooms corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs mobile games

Advertising can affect the importance of evaluative criteria by a. increasing attention on the evaluative criteria. b. increasing elaboration of the evaluative criteria. c. influencing the decision. d. a and b e. all of the above

A, B, and C

Advertising is frequently criticized for fostering which type of values in children? Question options: overly materialistic self-focused short-term A and B A, B, and C

corrective advertising

Advertising run by a firm to cause consumers to unlearn inaccurate information they acquired as a result of the firm's earlier advertising is called _____. Question options: controvertible advertising redundant advertising conforming advertising corrective advertising retractive advertising

Allow consumers complete access to the information a Web site has collected about them.

Evaluative criteria and their significance influence purchase behaviors.

An accurate statement about the nature of evaluative criteria established by consumers is that:

An attribute used to stand for or indicate another attribute is known as a _____. a. determinant attribute b. substitute indicator c. surrogate indicator d. secondary indicator e. proxy

Surrogate Indicator

An attribute used to stand for or indicate another attribute.

Projective technique

An indirect method used by marketers to measure consumers' evaluative criteria is a(n):

The importance of the same criterion can vary among consumers.

An understanding of the importance consumers assign to evaluative criteria is critical for marketers as:

Andrew is considering the purchase of a portable DVD player. He is comparing alternatives on the basis of screen size, battery life, and price. Andrew is using which type of evaluative criteria? a. tangible b. intangible c. primary d. secondary e. instrumental

Perceptual Mapping

Another indirect technique that generally involves the consumer first looking at possible pairs of brands and indicating which pair is most similar, which is second most similar, and so forth until all pairs are ranked.

Janice is a 48-year-old married woman who uses technology as a major source of information and shopping. She has a DVD drive on her computer and enjoys satellite radio, but would do more if she could afford it. To which technology segment does Janice belong? A. Novices B. Gatherers C. Apprentices D. Enthusiasts E. Journeymen

Apprentices

Which of the following is a major issue consumer groups have concerning products?

Are they safe? B) Are they environmentally sound?

in school ads

At Marci's school, there are logos for McDonald's, Coca-Cola, and Sprint around the football stadium's scoreboard. She was also given pencils that had Gap written on them and a notebook with the Nike swoosh. These are examples of _____. Question options: in-school ads ads in classrooms corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs mobile games

Attribute-based choice requires _____. a. the knowledge of specific attributes at the time the choice is made. b. attribute-by-attribute comparisons across brands. c. summary impressions. d. a and b e. all of the above

A new rule that requires marketers to list the number of grams of trans fat on a product's package is an amendment of which law? A) Truth-in-Labeling Law B) Nutritional Labeling and Education Act C) Fat Labeling Act D) Fair Packaging and Labeling Act E) U.S. Packaging and Labeling Law

Channel One is an example of _____. A) in-school ads B) ads in classrooms C) corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs D) corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs E) mobile games

Critics of ads that emphasize beauty or sex appeal as major benefits feel that the harmful effects may be most severe for which consumers? A) young men B) young women C) minorities D) older men E) older women

Customized games which are placed on a company's Web site and prominently feature or integrate the company's brands and products as part of the game itself are known as _____. A) brand games B) adver-games C) promo-games D) interactive games E) convergent games

Hale noticed in a commercial that his children were watching that children riding bikes were shown not wearing a helmet. He always makes his children wear helmets while riding their bikes, but he's concerned about other children seeing this ad and thinking it's ok to not wear one. Which major area of concern is Hale concerned about regarding advertising to children? A) the impact of commercial messages on children's values B) the impact of commercial messages on children's health and safety C) the impact of commercial messages on the economy D) the impact of commercial messages on children's cognitive development E) the impact of commercial messages on family's budgets

How many of the CARU's general guiding principles relate to a child's ability to comprehend commercial messages? A) 1 B) 2 C) 5 D) 6 E) all of them

One basis for the concern over marketing to children is based on _____. A) attribution theory B) Piaget's stages of cognitive development C) the multiattribute model of cognitive development D) dissonance theory E) mental development theory

Rita has noticed when she goes to children-oriented Web sites with her daughter, that there are clear and prominent links to privacy policies, and whenever an attempt to request information appeared, it required her consent. These things that Rita has noticed are the result of which law? A) Telephone Consumer Protection Act B) Children's Online Privacy Protection Act C) Federal Do Not Call Registry D) Children's Internet Protection Act E) Children's Internet Act

Which of the following is a major concern regarding the legal and ethical behavior with respect to marketing communications? A) the tastefulness of the ad B) the accuracy of the information provided C) the media used to deliver the ad D) the creativity of the ad E) the effectiveness of the ad

Which of the following is the American advertising industry's primary self-regulatory body? A) Federal Trade Commission B) National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus C) Food and Drug Administration D) Congress E) media

Which of the following is the most difficult to regulate? A) the explicit verbal content of ads B) the subtle meanings implied by the visual content of ads C) the adequacy of the information provided in ads D) a Web site's privacy policy with respect to children E) the use of corrective advertising

Which of the following is the result over concern regarding the invasion of children's privacy? A) Telephone Consumer Protection Act B) Children's Online Privacy Protection Act C) Federal Do Not Call Registry D) Children's Internet Protection Act E) Children's Internet Act

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding corrective advertising? A) Firms injured by false claims of competitors can request it as a remedy from the FTC. B) It has been shown to be a useful tool in protecting the public. C) It is run by a firm to cause consumers to unlearn inaccurate information they acquired as a result of the firm's earlier advertising. D) A court ruling has challenged the conditions under which the FTC can require it. E) The effectiveness of it has been debated.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding marketing practices? A) Marketing practices are sometimes controversial. B) Regulating marketing activities requires a higher level of understanding of consumer behavior than does managing marketing programs. C) There are many issues where the appropriate ethical action for marketers is not clear-cut. D) Society has declared that some marketing actions are clearly inappropriate. E) There are laws and regulations that prohibit or require specific marketing actions.

Jon purchased an antique watch on eBay from another consumer. Which type of sale is this known as? A) direct-to-consumer sale B) consumer-to-consumer sale C) personal sale D) private sale E) electronically-mediated sale

B) consumer-to-consumer sale

Which of the following is true regarding word-of-mouth (WOM)? A) WOM is a minor factor in consumer behavior. B) Consumers trust WOM more than many other sources. C) Satisfaction yields more WOM than does dissatisfaction. D) Consumers do not give WOM much merit, especially negative WOM. E) Marketers are not concerned about WOM.

B) Consumers trust WOM more than many other sources.

Hailey purchased furniture for her living room and spent quite a bit of money. After she purchased it, she started regretting that she spent so much and she wasn't sure she liked the furniture. To make herself feel better, she told herself that the other furniture she was considering really wasn't that good and probably would not last as long as the furniture she ended up purchasing. Which of the following is Hailey using to reduce her postpurchase dissonance? A) Increasing the desirability of the brand purchased. B) Decreasing the desirability of rejected alternatives. C) Decreasing the importance of the purchase decision. D) Reversing the purchase decision. E) Increasing the importance of the purchase decision.

B) Decreasing the desirability of rejected alternatives.

Which global lifestyle segment values duty, tradition, faith, obedience, and respect for elders? A) Strivers B) Devouts C) Altruists D) Intimates E) Creatives

B) Devouts

What is the premise underlying geo-demographic analyses? A) Age is the primary factor influencing lifestyle. B) Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by demographic factors. C) Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by education. D) Lifestyle cannot be measured, that is why geographic and demographic variables are analyzed. E) Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is based on primary motivations and resources.

B) Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by demographic factors.

Which VALS segment of consumers is style conscious and trendy, has limited education, narrow interests, and money defines success for them? A) Experiencers B) Strivers C) Survivors D) Makers E) Believers

B) Strivers

Which of the following is true regarding postpurchase dissonance? A) All consumer purchase decisions are followed by postpurchase dissonance of some sort. B) The importance of the decision to the consumer is one factor that influences the probability and magnitude of postpurchase dissonance. C) The individual's tendency to experience anxiety is not related to postpurchase dissonance. D) The easier it is to alter the decision, the more likely postpurchase dissonance will be. E) Nominal decision making usually results in the greatest magnitude of postpurchase dissonance.

B) The importance of the decision to the consumer is one factor that influences the probability and magnitude of postpurchase dissonance.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding self-concept and culture? A) The self-concept is important in all cultures. B) Those aspects of the self that are most valued and most influence consumption and other behaviors do not vary across cultures. C) An independent construal of the self is based on the predominant Western cultural belief that individuals are inherently separate. D) An interdependent construal of the self is based on the common Asian cultural belief in the fundamental connectedness of human beings. E) all of the above are true

B) Those aspects of the self that are most valued and most influence consumption and other behaviors do not vary across cultures.

Bob is a consumer that strives for a clear social position and is strongly influenced by the actions, approval, and opinions of others. He drives an expensive automobile, and only buys brands of clothing that are considered "status symbols." Which primary motivation is driving Bob's behavior? A) ideals motivation B) achievement motivation C) self-expression motivation D) realist motivation E) focused motivation

B) achievement motivation

Consumers driven by which primary motivation strive for a clear social position, are strongly influenced by the actions, approval, and opinions of others, and tend to purchase status symbols? A) ideals motivation B) achievement motivation C) self-expression motivation D) realist motivation E) focused motivation

B) achievement motivation

For which type of firm has research shown that reducing the number of customers who leave by 5 percent resulted in the highest percentage increase in average profits per customer? A) auto services B) branch banks C) insurance brokerage D) industrial laundry E) credit insurance

B) branch banks

The term used to refer to turnover in a firm's customer base is _____. A) turnover B) churn C) attrition rate D) turn ratio E) defection rate

B) churn

Which of the following means that the consumer is enthusiastic about a particular brand and is somewhat immune to actions by competitors? A) satisfaction B) commitment C) market maven D) brand leverage E) brand fanatic

B) commitment

Which type of sale occurs when one consumer sells a product directly to another with or without the assistance of a commercial intermediary? A) direct-to-consumer sale B) consumer-to-consumer sale C) personal sale D) private sale E) direct marketing

B) consumer-to-consumer sale

Negative emotions or guilt feelings aroused by the use of a product or a service are referred to as _____. A) postpurchase anxiety B) consumption guilt C) consumption anxiety D) postpurchase dissonance E) consumption dissonance

B) consumption guilt

A brand whose perceived performance falls below expectations generally produces _____. A) satisfaction B) dissatisfaction C) nonsatisfaction D) elation E) fear

B) dissatisfaction

Carla and her family lost their home and everything in it in to a fire. People would console her by saying that at least her family was not harmed and that everything else can be replaced. She would reply, "I know it was just stuff, but it was our stuff and was special to us." This is reflecting Carla's _____. A) self-concept B) extended self C) past self D) ideal self E) personal self

B) extended self

Charles was examining his perception of himself as whom he would like to be. Charles is examining his _____. A) actual self-concept B) ideal self-concept C) private self-concept D) social self-concept E) present self-concept

B) ideal self-concept

Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I would like to be? A) actual self-concept B) ideal self-concept C) private self-concept D) social self-concept E) future self-concept

B) ideal self-concept

Individuals with which type of self-concept are more likely to engage in home and domestic-related activities and entertainment including cooking at home and from scratch? A) independents B) interdependents C) self-monitors D) idealists E) doers

B) interdependents

B) postpurchase dissonance

Simon was dissatisfied with the meal and service he received at a restaurant, so he complained. The manager came out and was arrogant to Simon, and Simon felt like he was trying to blame him for the bad experience he had by saying he was too picky. Simon vowed never to eat at that restaurant again. Which reason for changing providers does this represent? A) involuntary switching B) responses to service failures C) pricing D) attraction by competitors E) ethical problems

B) responses to service failures

Service employees that are uncaring, impolite, unresponsive, or unknowledgeable will cause consumers to switch providers for which reason? A) core service failure B) service encounter failure C) pricing D) attraction by competitors E) ethical problems

B) service encounter failure

B) switching costs

The costs of finding, evaluating, and adopting another solution are known as _____. A) incurred costs B) switching costs C) effort costs D) balancing costs E) committed costs

B) switching costs

The segment of mobile phone users who are older and not into mobility or technology is known as _____.

Basic planners

Before a marketing manager or a public policy decision maker can develop a sound strategy to affect consumer decisions, he or she must determine all EXCEPT which of the following? a. which evaluative criteria are used by the consumer b. how the consumer perceives the various alternatives on each criterion c. the relative importance of each criterion d. all of the above must be determined e. none of the above

Before a marketing manager or public policy decision maker can develop a sound strategy to affect consumer decisions he or she must determine _____. a. which evaluative criteria are used by the consumer b. how the consumer perceives the various alternatives on each criterion c. the relative importance of each criterion d. a and b e. a, b, and c

Which VALS segment consists of consumers who are strongly traditional, conservative, and motivated by ideals? A. Achievers B. Makers C. Believers D. Experiencers E. Innovators

Believers

Which of the following is a VALS segment of consumers? A. Traditionalists B. Minimalists C. Blue Blood Estates D. Believers E. Enthusiasts

Believers

Bobbie bought a Dell computer because her brother has one, and he seems to be satisfied with it. She did not compare any other computers when making this choice. Which type of choice process did Bobbie use? a. affective choice b. attitude-based choice c. rational choice d. attribute-based choice e. instrumental choice

Which of the following is a lifestyle segment of Porsche owners? A. Enthusiasts B. Fast Forwards C. Traditionalists D. Bon Vivants E. all of the above

Bon Vivants

Which of the following is the result over concern regarding the invasion of children's privacy?

Children's Online Privacy Protection Act

A soft drink manufacturer is running a promotion in which consumers text message from their cell phone a code that they can find under the bottle cap. Consumers entering can win various prizes. This is an example of which type of marketing activity aimed at children that is considered controversial? A) violent entertainment products B) kids' clubs C) mobile marketing D) commercialization in schools E) Internet marketing

Corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs are also called _____. A) propaganda programs (PPs) B) biased educational materials (BEMs) C) sponsored educational materials (SEMs) D) commercial educational materials (CEMs) E) marketing educational materials (MEMs)

Estimates of the number of TV ads that children are exposed to per year range from _____. A) 1,000 to 5,000 B) 8,500 to 15,000 C) 18,000 to 40,000 D) 48,000 to 60,000 E) 73,000 to 100,000

If consumers call a specific number, they can access games on their cell phones. The games usually involve a branded product or an event, such as the release of a movie. This is an example of which type of marketing activity aimed at children that is considered controversial? A) violent entertainment products B) kids' clubs C) mobile marketing D) commercialization in schools E) Internet marketing

In May 2000, the FTC issued a report that concluded that _____. A) self-regulation was providing adequate privacy regulation and recommended no further action B) it is impossible to protect consumers' privacy C) self-regulation was not providing adequate privacy regulation and recommended national legislation D) foreign-based companies were far more advanced in protecting consumers' privacy than U.S.-based companies E) U.S.-based companies were far more advanced in protecting consumers' privacy than foreign-based companies

Marilyn is a recent college graduate teaching junior high school science. She has several courses she has to prepare, so she was very pleased when Alcoa Corporation provided her with a teaching unit on recycling. This teaching unit is an example of _____. A) in-school ads B) ads in classrooms C) corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs D) corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs E) mobile games

Nat wants to comply with the FTC's recommendations regarding consumer-oriented commercial Web sites that collect personal identifying information from or about consumers. Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations made by the FTC in its 2000 report to Congress? A) provide notice to consumers regarding the site's information practices B) allow consumers to choose how information concerning them will be used C) require parental consent when collecting information from children under the age of 18 D) offer consumers reasonable access to the information a Web site has collected about them E) take reasonable steps to protect the security of the information collected

Ringtones, mobile games, and text-in contests are various types of promotional efforts regarding which controversial marketing activity aimed at children? A) violent entertainment products B) kids' clubs C) mobile marketing D) commercialization of schools E) Internet marketing

Scott participated in a promotion that allowed him to download a ringtone for his cell phone that played the Stars Wars theme song. This is an example of which type of marketing activity aimed at children that is considered controversial? A) violent entertainment products B) kids' clubs C) mobile marketing D) commercialization in schools E) Internet marketing

Which of the following consumers are least likely to be able to use the information provided by marketers? A) men B) women C) those who are relatively disadvantaged in terms of education and income D) baby boomers E) professionals who are too busy to attend to the information

Which of the following is NOT an information-processing related guideline of the CARU? A) Care should be taken not to exploit a child's imagination. B) The performance and use of a product should be demonstrated in a way that can be duplicated by the child for whom the product is intended. C) Representation of food products should be made so as to encourage sound use of the product with a view toward healthy development of the child and development of good nutritional practices. D) Program personalities, live or animated, should not be used to sell products, premiums, or services in or adjacent to programs primarily directed to children in which the same personality or character appears. E) If product advertising contains a premium message, care should be taken that the child's attention is focused primarily on the product.

Which of the following is a requirement of the Better Business Bureau's Code of Online Business Practices? A) Parents have the right to be notified about data collection and use practices. B) Parents of children under 13 have the right to access and review a description of the specific types of personal identifying information collects from the child. C) Provide adequate security for the type of information collected, maintained, or transferred to third parties. D) Requires that commercial Web sites that collect personal information from children under 13 obtain prior parental consent before they collect that information. E) all of the above

Affective Choice

Choice based on the evaluation of a product generally focused on the way they will make the user feel as the product is used.

Which VALS segment consists of consumers that are conservative, conventional people with concrete beliefs based on traditional, established codes of family, church, community, and the nation, and are motivated by ideals? A) Achievers B) Makers C) Believers D) Experiencers E) Innovators

C) Believers

Which shopping lifestyle segment based on hedonic shopping motives is the youngest and most likely to be female? A) Minimalists B) Gatherers C) Enthusiasts D) Bon Vivants E) Traditionalists

C) Enthusiasts

Technographics is a technology segmentation scheme that examines lifestyle segments across such technologies and activities as online access, PC ownership, instant messaging, and shopping online. Which of the following is one of these segments? A) Achievers B) Innovators C) Handshakers D) Minimalists E) Enthusiasts

C) Handshakers

Which VALS segment of consumers is comprised of successful, sophisticated, active, take-charge people with high self-esteem and abundant resources and are driven by a mix of motivations? A) Achievers B) Makers C) Innovators D) Thinkers E) Experiencers

C) Innovators

_____ is how a person lives. A) Personality B) Self-concept C) Lifestyle D) Subculture E) Consumption

C) Lifestyle

____ refers to the fact that repeat and particularly committed customers tend to buy the brand consistently rather than waiting for a sale or continually negotiating price. A) Acquisition cost B) Referral C) Price premium D) Price indifferent E) Price insensitive

C) Price premium

Rod purchased Porsche to satisfy himself, not to impress others. He sees this car as a reward for his hard work. To which segment of Porsche owners does Rod belong? A) Top Guns B) Elitists C) Proud Patrons D) Bon Vivants E) Fantasists

C) Proud Patrons

Veronica is a shopper primarily motivated by enjoyment of shopping for her family and finding the best value. She's not motivated by fun and adventure. To which shopping lifestyle segment does Veronica belong? A) Minimalists B) Gatherers C) Providers D) Enthusiasts E) Traditionalists

C) Providers

Which PRIZM social group is characterized by smaller, less densely populated cities or satellites to major cities? A) Urban B) Suburban C) Second City D) Town & Country E) Rural

C) Second City

Which VALS segment of consumers lead the most constricted lives, living simply on limited incomes but are relatively satisfied? A) Experiencers B) Strivers C) Survivors D) Makers E) Believers

C) Survivors

Which of the following is FALSE regarding committed customers? A) They are unlikely to consider additional information when making a purchase. B) They are resistant to competitors' marketing efforts. C) They are less likely to forgive an occasional product or service failure. D) They are likely to be a source of positive word-of-mouth. E) They are more profitable to the firm than mere repeat purchasers.

C) They are less likely to forgive an occasional product or service failure.

Carl is young and single. He has a high school education and works at a construction job. He lives in a tiny apartment. Even though he doesn't have a high income, he tries to live an active life attending sporting events, and sometimes he brings a date with him. He eats fast food almost every day and likes to go fishing on his days off. To which PRIZM group does Carl belong? A) Young Digerati B) Bohemian Mix C) Young & Rustic D) Big Fish, Small Pond E) Minimalists

C) Young & Rustic

C) commitment

Hunter purchased a new computer, and he started thinking about what it would be like if he had purchased the other brand that he was considering seriously. He purchased a Dell, but he kept thinking that if he had only spent a little more and purchased the IBM, he might not be experiencing some of the problems that he is (i.e., computer "freezing up"). Which of the following is Hunter engaging in? A) postpurchase anxiety B) consumption guilt C) counterfactual thinking D) prefactual thinking E) innovative thinking

C) counterfactual thinking

Which of the following refers to imagining the outcome if a different decision had been made in the past? A) postpurchase dissonance B) consumption guilt C) counterfactual thinking D) prefactual thinking E) innovative thinking

C) counterfactual thinking

Every time Hannah buys a sandwich at Subway, she gets a stamp on a card. Once she has 10 stamps, she'll get a free sandwich. This is an example of a(n) _____. A) food stamp program B) acquisition program C) customer loyalty program D) tie-in program E) overlay program

C) customer loyalty program

C) disposition

Before doing most things, Erin considers what others will think of her actions and how her behavior will affect them. Others' opinions and feelings really matter to her, more so than most people she knows. Erin is an example of a(n) _____. A) independent B) thinker C) high self-monitor D) low self-monitor E) conspicuous consumer

C) high self-monitor

Consumers who place heavy weight on the opinions and feelings of others are called _____. A) independents B) interdependents C) high self-monitors D) low self-monitors E) conspicuous consumers

C) high self-monitors

Self-concepts have been categorized into two types, which are _____. A) primary and secondary B) manifest and latent C) independent and interdependent D) yin and yang E) direct and indirect

C) independent and interdependent

Leon is concerned with the reliability and durability of laptop computers he is considering purchasing. This represents which dimension of product performance? A) affective B) direct C) instrumental D) symbolic E) consummatory

C) instrumental

Which dimension of product performance relates to the physical functioning of the product? A) affective B) direct C) instrumental D) attributional E) consummatory

C) instrumental

Barbara derives the meaning of herself from her relationships with her family. She has never sought a career of her own, and she is most happy when she is "taking care of someone." If her grandchildren do not like what is prepared for dinner, she will make them something else. Which type of self-concept does Barbara have? A) role-based self-concept B) individual self-concept C) interdependent self-concept D) independent self-concept E) connected self-concept

C) interdependent self-concept

Individuals with which type of self-concept tend to be obedient, sociocentric, holistic, connected, and relation oriented? A) group self-concept B) individual self-concept C) interdependent self-concept D) independent self-concept E) connected self-concept

C) interdependent self-concept

Which type of self-concept emphasizes family, cultural, professional, and social relationships? A) group self-concept B) individual self-concept C) interdependent self-concept D) independent self-concept E) connected self-concept

C) interdependent self-concept

Which of the following is considered an outward expression of one's self-concept? A) demographics B) geographics C) lifestyle D) attitudes E) aspirations

C) lifestyle

The tendency of an owner to evaluate an object more favorably than a nonowner is called the _____. A) personal bias effect B) personal relevance effect C) mere ownership effect D) possessive effect E) mere exposure effect

C) mere ownership effect

Carmen was participating in a psychographic study, and several questions pertained to activities and interests. Questions regarding this aspect of lifestyle include which of the following? A) evaluative statements about other people, places, ideas, products, and so forth B) widely held beliefs about what is acceptable or desirable C) nonoccupational behaviors to which consumers devote time and effort, such as hobbies, sports, public service, and church D) age, education, income, occupation, family structure, ethnic background, gender, and geographic location E) specific media the consumers utilize

C) nonoccupational behaviors to which consumers devote time and effort, such as hobbies, sports, public service, and church

An outlet or brand whose performance confirms a low-performance expectation generally will result in _____. A) satisfaction B) dissatisfaction C) nonsatisfaction D) elation E) anger

C) nonsatisfaction

Rod wasn't expecting much from the painters that came to his house. True to form, they did not do a good job and confirmed his low-performance expectations. Rod is most likely experiencing _____. A) satisfaction B) dissatisfaction C) nonsatisfaction D) elation E) anger

C) nonsatisfaction

For which type of product is self-image congruity likely to matter more? A) vacuum B) laundry detergent C) perfume D) paper towel E) lawn mower

C) perfume

C) postpurchase dissonance

Doubt or anxiety regarding a purchase a consumer has made is known as _____. A) postpurchase worry B) postpurchase guilt C) postpurchase dissonance D) postpurchase shame E) postpurchase fear

C) postpurchase dissonance

Kerri is searching within herself and trying to determine how she would like to be to herself. Kerri is seeking her _____. A) actual self-concept B) ideal self-concept C) private self-concept D) social self-concept E) present self-concept

C) private self-concept

Which dimension of self refers to how I am or would like to be to myself? A) actual self-concept B) ideal self-concept C) private self-concept D) social self-concept E) present self-concept

C) private self-concept

Which of the following occurs when a consumer actively acquires a product that is not used or used only sparingly relative to its potential use? A) consumption guilt B) nonconsumption guilt C) product nonuse D) counterfactual thinking E) prefactual thinking

C) product nonuse

Which of the following is NOT an alternative if a consumer decides to retain a product's package? A) store it B) use it for original purpose C) recycle it D) use it for a new purpose E) all of the above are alternatives in this situation

C) recycle it

Kevin buys the same brand of clothing all the time. He continues to buy it because it fits him well and the price is right, but he does not have an emotional attachment to it. Kevin is an example of a(n) _____. A) trapped purchaser B) committed customer C) repeat purchaser D) nonsatisfied customer E) indifferent purchaser

C) repeat purchaser

Jennifer sees herself as a loving, caring mother and wife. She also sees herself as an accomplished professional. Finally, she sees herself as a good citizen and devoutly religious person who takes the concerns of others seriously and tries to make the world a better place for those less fortunate than she and her family. This totality of Jennifer's thoughts and feelings about herself is known as her _____. A) inner peace B) inner self C) self-concept D) personal identity E) self-identity

C) self-concept

Action-oriented consumers that strive to express their individuality through their choices and purchase experiences are driven by which primary motivation? A) ideals motivation B) achievement motivation C) self-expression motivation D) realist motivation E) focused motivation

C) self-expression motivation

Marty is an action-oriented consumer, and he strives to express his individuality through his choices. He purchases products and services for the experience they can provide him rather than what they might say about him to others. Which primary motivation is guiding Marty's behavior? A) ideals motivation B) achievement motivation C) self-expression motivation D) realist motivation E) focused motivation

C) self-expression motivation

American Sports Data, Inc., which examines trends in sports, found that _____. A) traditional sports are becoming more popular B) team sports are rooted in "fierce individualism" C) the values underlying extreme sports are very different from those of traditional team sports D) extreme sports were experiencing a growing fan base particularly among young women E) extreme sports are just a fad

C) the values underlying extreme sports are very different from those of traditional team sports

Which disposition alternative is the most widely used by consumers? A) trade in B) recycle C) throw away D) give away E) sell

C) throw away

Which following PRIZM factor is determined by population density, relates to where people live and is strongly related to the lifestyles people lead? A) ethnicity B) geodemographics C) urbanicity D) lifestage E) consensus

C) urbanicity

A consumer using a product in a new way is referred to as _____. A) counterfactual thinking B) prefactual thinking C) use innovativeness D) usage expansion E) extended use thinking

C) use innovativeness

The external ice cube shoot on Cade's refrigerator door was not working properly. She could hear the ice falling into the shoot, but nothing would come out. She looked inside and realized there was a solid block of ice clogging the shoot, and she couldn't get it loose. Cade decided to use a hair dryer to melt the ice, and it worked. Cade's using a hair dryer in a new way represents _____. A) counterfactual thinking B) prefactual thinking C) use innovativeness D) usage expansion E) extended use thinking

C) use innovativeness

Ronald is dissatisfied with a product he has bought. What is the first decision Ronald will make with regard to his dissatisfying situation? A) whether to complain to the store or to the manufacturer B) whether or not to stop buying that brand C) whether or not to take any external action D) whether or not to initiate legal action E) whether or not to complain to a government agency

C) whether or not to take any external action

What is the first decision a dissatisfied customer will make? A) whether to complain to the store or to the manufacturer B) whether or not to stop buying that brand C) whether or not to take any external action D) whether or not to initiate legal action E) whether or not to complain to a government agency

C) whether or not to take any external action

Even if a dissatisfied consumer takes no external action, which of the following is likely? A) will engage in negative work-of-mouth B) will stop buying that brand C) will have a less favorable attitude toward the store or brand D) will stop buying at that store E) all of the above

C) will have a less favorable attitude toward the store or brand

Over 95 percent

CARU reviews thousands of ads every year and has a(n) _____ success rate in resolving issues related to children's advertising. Question options: 10 percent 25 percent 50 percent 80 percent over 95 percent

When the FTC applied sanctions to Lewis Galoob Toys for portraying a doll dancing and a plane flying unassisted when actual assistance was required, this was related to _____.

CARU's guidelines linked to possible processing deficits of children

Which of the following is NOT a guideline set forth by The Center for Media Education for the development of online commercial services?

Care should be taken not to exploit a child's imagination.

Margaret wants to complain about an advertisement targeting children that she saw on a program her children were watching. Which self-regulatory organization should she contact?

Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU)

Which of the following is a special unit of the National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus that specifically reviews advertising aimed at children?

Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU)

Children's Online Privacy Protection Act

Committed customer

Given the following importance weights Price = 50, Quality = 40, and Ease of use = 10, which of the following computers would be chosen using a compensatory decision rule?

Compaq

Given attribute cutoffs of Price = 5, Quality = 5, and Weight = 4, which of the following would be chosen using the disjunctive decision rule?

Compaq and NEC would be considered further

According to the _____ decision rule, a band that scores highest on the sum of a consumer's judgement of significant evaluative criteria will be selected by the consumer as the solution to an identified problem

Compensatory

four noncompensatory decision rules

Conjunctive Disjunctive Lexicographic Elimination-by-attribute

Conrad is considering the purchase of a laptop computer. He has decided that he will not spend more than $1200, the computer must weigh no more than 4 pounds, and battery life must last at least 4 hours. He has similar minimum requirements for a few other criteria he is using to evaluate alternatives. If an alternative does not meet ALL of these minimum requirements, he will not consider it further. Which decision rule is Conrad using? a. conjunctive b. disjunctive c. lexicographic d. elimination-by-aspects e. compensatory

Which global elite luxury segment loves prestige brands? A. Conspicuous Consumers B. Information Seekers C. Sensation Seekers D. Utilitarian Consumers E. Blue Bloods

Conspicuous Consumers

Which global elite luxury segment loves prestige brands?

Conspicuous customers

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding consumer decisions and the consumer decision process?

Consumer decisions are rational and functional; otherwise they do not involve decisions per se.

What are the issues regarding pricing practices, and which federal agency regulates pricing activities?

Consumer groups want prices that are fair (generally defined as competitively determined) and accurately stated (contain no hidden charges). The FTC is the primary federal agency involved in regulating pricing activities. Perhaps the most controversial pricing area today is the use of reference prices. An external reference price is a price provided by the manufacturer or retailer in addition to the actual current price of the product. The concern arises when the reference price is one at which no or few sales actually occur. Most states and the federal government have regulations concerning the use of reference prices, but they are difficult to enforce. Given the history of abuse of reference prices, it is not surprising that many consumers are skeptical of them.

Lexicographic Decision Rule

Consumer ranks the criteria in order of importance. Then selects brand that performs best on the most important attribute. If two or more brands tie, they are evaluated on the second most important attribute. This continues through the attributes until one brand outperforms the others.

Which of the following is true regarding word-of-mouth (WOM)?

Consumer trust WOM more than many other sources

Consumers make decisions with the help of recommendation agents or bots when _____. a. there are few evaluative criteria and the decision is less complicated. b. the decision is straight-forward and there are minimal evaluative criteria involved. c. there are numerous alternative. d. there are a limited number of evaluative criteria and the decision involves a repeat purchase. e. none of the above

Bounded rationality

Consumers often do not have the ability or motivation to seek optimal solutions to recognized problems and are subject to ________, which limits their capacity to process information.

Advertising run by a firm to cause consumers to unlearn inaccurate information they acquired as a result of the firm's earlier advertising is called _____. A) controvertible advertising B) redundant advertising C) conforming advertising D) corrective advertising E) retractive advertising

Don is developing a Web site for his business, and he wants to collect information from visitors to and purchasers from his Web site. He wants to abide by the Better Business Bureau's Code of Online Business Practices. He should be doing all EXCEPT which of the following to be in compliance with this code? A) Post and adhere to a privacy policy that is open, transparent, and meets generally accepted fair information principles. B) Provide adequate security for the type of information collected, maintained, or transferred to third parties. C) Respect customers' preferences regarding unsolicited e-mail. D) Allow consumers complete access to the information a Web site has collected about them. E) all of the above are part of the BBB's Code of Online Business Practices

For years, Doan's Pills advertised that this medication is superior for relieving back pain. The FTC found this claim to be deceptive and ordered Doan's to run advertising that informed consumers of this deception in an attempt to cause consumers to unlearn the inaccurate information. What type of advertising is this known as? A) controvertible advertising B) redundant advertising C) conforming advertising D) corrective advertising E) retractive advertising

In several ads for Listerine over a period of more than a year, the company made statements that previous ads were not true in that Listerine cannot kill the germs that cause a cold. Which type of advertising does this illustrate? A) controvertible advertising B) redundant advertising C) conforming advertising D) corrective advertising E) retractive advertising

The fourth grade class at Westview elementary school won $10,000 for their school's music program because they entered a contest sponsored by Oscar Mayer bologna in which they sang the famous jingle for that brand (i.e. "my bologna has a first name, it's O-S-C-A-R....") and won it for their state. This is an example of _____. A) in-school ads B) ads in classrooms C) corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs D) corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs E) mobile games

What is the concern regarding the limited ability of children to comprehend advertising messages? A) Do children understand the selling intend of commercials? B) Can children understand specific aspects of commercials? C) Do children like commercials? D) a and b E) a, b, and c

What is the health risk of trans fat that prompted to government to require that the number of grams of trans fat be provided in nutrition labels on packages? A) it raises the level of LDL (bad) cholesterol B) it lowers the level of HDL (good) cholesterol C) it raises blood sugar levels D) a and b E) a, b, and c

What year did the rules based on the guidelines in the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act go in to effect? A) 1990 B) 1995 C) 1998 D) 2000 E) 2002

Which of the following is a major area of concern regarding the large amount of time children devote to watching television? A) The impact of commercial messages on children's values. B) The impact of commercial messages on children's health and safety. C) The impact of commercial messages on children's education. D) a and b E) a, b, and c

Which of the following is a major issue consumer groups have concerning products? A) Are they safe? B) Are they environmentally sound? C) Do they meet consumers' needs? D) a and b E) a, b, and c

Which of the following is referred to as the "Third Screen"? A) television B) computer C) video games D) cell phone E) iPod

Why must manufacturers design products with both the primary purpose and other potential uses in mind? A) consumers demand it B) competition requires it C) to be able to promote secondary uses D) stringent product liability laws E) to save on research and development costs

D) stringent product liability laws

Which of the following is a global lifestyle segment identified by Roper Starch Worldwide? A) Experiencers B) Young & Rustic C) Young Digerati D) Altruists E) Innovators

D) Altruists

Which of the following is a VALS segment of consumers? A) Traditionalists B) Minimalists C) Blue Blood Estates D) Believers E) Enthusiasts

D) Believers

Which of the following is a lifestyle segment of Porsche owners? A) Enthusiasts B) Fast Forwards C) Traditionalists D) Bon Vivants E) all of the above

D) Bon Vivants

Christina lives in Japan, and she and her friends value adventure, pleasure, and excitement. They are heavy users of electronic media, are fashion conscious, and like going to restaurants, bars, and clubs. To which global lifestyle segment identified by Roper Starch Worldwide do Christina and her friends belong? A) Strivers B) Altruists C) Intimates D) Fun Seekers E) Creatives

D) Fun Seekers

Leonard is a hardworking individual who works for himself and can do just about any construction or carpentry job around. He builds cabinets primarily, but he has also done masonry work. His idea of fun is fixing his truck, and several of his friends and family have him work on their cars as well. He is unimpressed by material possessions other than those with a practical or functional purpose. To which VALS segment does Leonard belong? A) Experiencers B) Strivers C) Survivors D) Makers E) Believers

D) Makers

Which of the following statements is true regarding counterfactual thinking? A) It occurs before a decision is made. B) Marketers try to avoid consumers from thinking this way. C) It is the same as prefactual thinking, but it is more severe. D) Marketers always try to reduce the likelihood that consumer think this way. E) It can be removed by price guarantees.

D) Marketers always try to reduce the likelihood that consumer think this way.

Consumers in which technology segment are optimistic, have a high income, are motivated by entertainment, and are the most likely to shop online, have a mobile phone, and bank online? A) Fast Forwards B) Techno-Strivers C) Gadget Grabbers D) Mouse Potatoes E) Media Junkies

D) Mouse Potatoes

Which PRIZM segment consists of consumers that are evolving into older "empty-nester" couples as their children grow up and leave home, live in older, stable neighborhoods with pools and patios in their backyard, are college-educated, and are typically Caucasian? A) Urban Achievers B) Blue Blood Estates C) Bohemian Mix D) Pools and Patios E) Town & Country

D) Pools and Patios

D) symbolic

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the way in which disposition decisions can affect a firm's marketing strategy? A) For most durable goods, consumers are reluctant to purchase a new item until they have "gotten their money's worth" from the old one. B) Disposition sometimes must occur before acquisition of a replacement because of space or financial limitations. C) Frequent decisions by consumer to sell, trade, or give away used products results in a large used-product market that can reduce the market for new products. D) The United States is a completely throw away society, and consumers are willing to purchase new products without concern for waste. E) Environmentally sound disposition decisions benefit society as a whole and thus the firms that are part of that society.

D) The United States is a completely throw away society, and consumers are willing to purchase new products without concern for waste.

David is a retired attorney who is satisfied and comfortable with his life. He keeps informed about the world by reading three newspapers a day and attends lectures at the senior activity center near his home. He is very content with his life, and he tends to center his leisure activities around his home. He plans his purchases carefully and looks for functionality, value, and durability in the products he buys. Which VALS segment best describes David? A) Achievers B) Makers C) Innovators D) Thinkers E) Experiencers

D) Thinkers

D) committed customer

Which type of customer has an emotional attachment to the brand or firm? A) repeat purchaser B) satisfied buyer C) total buyer D) committed customer E) affective customer

D) committed customer

Savannah works at the front desk at a Marriott Hotel. If a guest has a complaint, she is empowered to make amends up to a certain amount without her supervisor's approval. Savannah is known as a _____. A) decision maker B) key employee C) consumer-level employee D) front-line employee E) primary employee

D) front-line employee

Employees who deal directly with consumers are known as _____. A) foot soldiers B) clerks C) consumer-level employees D) front-line employees E) primary employees

D) front-line employees

Kimberly loves the ham and turkey from the Heavenly Ham store. There is only one store in her town, though, and it is pretty far away. She goes that direction on Saturdays for her daughter's music lesson, but by the time it's over and she's heading home, the store is already closed. Sometimes she brings a cooler and stops there before her daughter's lesson, but most of the time she forgets to bring the cooler. She usually ends up buying lunch meat at the grocery deli. Which reason for changing providers does this represent? A) involuntary switching B) responses to service failures C) pricing D) inconvenience E) ethical problems

D) inconvenience

Which of the following is NOT a source of increased customer profitability over time? A) increased sales volume B) lower costs C) referrals D) increased churn E) price premium

D) increased churn

Amber tends to be individualistic and prefers to do things her own way. She lives on her own and decides for herself what she wants to do or how to do things. Which type of self-concept describes Amber? A) primary self-concept B) individual self-concept C) interdependent self-concept D) independent self-concept E) connected self-concept

D) independent self-concept

Which type of self-concept emphasizes personal goals, characteristics, achievements, and desires? A) primary self-concept B) individual self-concept C) interdependent self-concept D) independent self-concept E) connected self-concept

D) independent self-concept

One of the major distinctions of self-concept is between _____ and _____ - which is also related to an important value dimension in the U.S. and abroad. A) private self-concept; public self-concept B) personal self-concept; interpersonal self-concept C) actual self-concept; ideal self-concept D) independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept E) present self-concept; future self-concept

D) independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept

The extended self consists of the self plus _____. A) all others B) family members C) friends D) possessions E) the ideal self

D) possesions

Bob wants to purchase a big screen television, but he's reluctant because he tells himself that "If I buy it now, then the price will drop and I'll regret not waiting longer." Bob is engaging in _____. A) prepurchase dissonance B) consumption guilt C) counterfactual thinking D) prefactual thinking E) purchase anxiety

D) prefactual thinking

Which of the following refers to imagining different outcomes before a decision is made? A) prepurchase dissonance B) consumption guilt C) counterfactual thinking D) prefactual thinking E) innovative thinking

D) prefactual thinking

What are the two dimensions of the VALS typology of consumers? A) age and gender B) age and stage of family life cycle C) stage of family life cycle and resources D) primary motivation and resources E) primary motivation and age

D) primary motivation and resources

Attempts to develop quantitative measures of lifestyle were initially referred to as _____, and is a term that is frequently used interchangeably with lifestyle. A) demographics B) lifeographics C) household life cycle D) psychographics E) personality

D) psychographics

Which of the following is NOT a primary motivation on which the VALS typology is based? A) ideals motivation B) achievement motivation C) self-expression motivation D) realist motivation E) all of the are primary motivations in the VALS typology

D) realist motivation

Richard is reassessing his life and asking himself, "How am I seen by others?" He is also asking himself, "How would I like to be seen by others?" Richard is seeking his _____. A) actual self-concept B) ideal self-concept C) private self-concept D) social self-concept E) real self-concept

D) social self-concept

Decreasing the desirability of rejected alternatives.

Given the following minimum standards (cutoff points) Price = 3, Quality = 4, and Ease of use = 3, which of the following computers would be chosen using the conjunctive decision rule?

Dell

Which global lifestyle segment values duty, tradition, faith, obedience, and respect for elders? A. Strivers B. Devouts C. Altruists D. Intimates E. Creatives

Devouts

Disjunctive

Brite-White Toothpaste Co. knows consumers want a toothpaste that protects them from cavities while brightening their smiles. The company makes a point to emphasize these attributes in its packaging and advertising efforts. Which consumer decision rule most likely affected their decisions?

Disjunctive

Which consumer decision rule establishes a minimum level of importance for each product attribute?

Disjunctive

A brand whose perceived performance falls below expectations generally produces _____.

Dissatisfaction

What is the concern regarding the limited ability of children to comprehend advertising messages?

Do children understand the selling intend of commercials? B) Can children understand specific aspects of commercials?

Duane is of average intelligence, and like most consumers, he cannot compare too many alternatives at one time. This limited capacity for processing information is known as _____. a. working memory b. bounded memory c. bounded rationality d. bounded processing e. finite processing

Advertising is frequently criticized for fostering which type of values in children? A) overly materialistic B) self-focused C) short-term D) a and b E) a, b, and c

CARU reviews thousands of ads every year and has _____ success rate in resolving issues related to children's advertising. A) a 10 percent B) a 25 percent C) a 50 percent D) an 80 percent E) over a 95 percent

How many of CARU's basic principles focus on the concern regarding the impact of commercial messages on children's values and their health and safety? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

Piaget's theory of cognitive development holds that _____. A) children must be taught how to be consumers B) marketing stimuli play a critical role in child socialization C) intellectual capabilities can continue to expand throughout the lifecycle D) intellectual capabilities continue to expand until late middle age E) none of the above

The regulation of marketing activities aimed at children focuses primarily on which of the following? A) product safety B) advertising C) promotion D) privacy protection E) all of the above

What is the oldest age of a child that most regulation attempts to protect with respect to marketing practices? A) 2 B) 5 C) 8 D) 10 E) 12

Which of the following CARU principle addresses the impact of commercial messages on children's values and their health and safety? A) Recognizing that advertising may play an important role in educating the child, advertisers should communicate information in a truthful and accurate manner and in language understandable to young children with full recognition that the child may learn practices from advertising which can affect his or her health and well-being. B) Advertisers are urged to capitalize on the potential of advertising to influence behavior by developing advertising that, whenever possible, addresses itself to positive and beneficial social behavior. C) Care should be taken to incorporate minority and other groups in advertisements in order to present positive and pro-social roles and role models wherever possible. D) Products and content which are inappropriate for children should not be advertised or promoted directly to children. E) all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a classification of commercialization of schools? A) in-school ads B) ads in classrooms C) corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs D) corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs E) mobile games

Which of the following is NOT a guideline set forth by The Center for Media Education for the development of online commercial services? A) Personal information should not be collected from children, nor should personal profiles of children be sold to third parties. B) Advertising and promotions targeted at children should be clearly labeled and separated from content. C) Children's content areas should not be directly linked to advertising sites. D) There should be no direct interaction between children and product spokespersons. E) Care should be taken not to exploit a child's imagination.

Which of the following is a classification of commercialization of schools? A) in-school ads B) ads in classrooms C) corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs D) corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs E) all of the above

Which of the following is a marketing activity targeted at children that is considered controversial? A) violent entertainment products B) kids' clubs C) mobile marketing D) commercialization in schools E) all of the above

Which of the following is a recommendation for consumer-oriented Web sites that collect personal identifying information from or about consumers issued by the FTC in its May 2000 report on online privacy issued to Congress? A) Notice--Web sites would be required to provide consumers clear and conspicuous notice of their information practices. B) Choice--Web sites would be required to offer consumers choices as to how their personal identifying information is used beyond the use for which the information was provided. C) Access--Web sites would be required to offer consumers reasonable access to the information a Web site has collected about them. D) Security--Web sites would be required to take reasonable steps to protect the security of the information they collect from consumers. E) all of the above

Which of the following is NOT an action a consumer may utilize to reduce dissonance? A) Increase the desirability of the brand purchased. B) Decrease the desirability of rejected alternatives. C) Decrease the importance of the purchase decision. D) Reverse the purchase decision (return the product before use). E) Increase the importance of alternatives that were not considered in the purchase initially.

E) Increase the importance of alternatives that were not considered in the purchase initially.

Thomas is an optimistic individual, earns a high income, and is motivated by his family. He believes strongly in the value of technology for his family and his children's education, so much so, that each of his children have their own computers with online access. To which technology lifestyle segment does Thomas belong? A) Fast Forwards B) Handshakers C) Mouse Potatoes D) Gadget Grabbers E) New Age Nurturers

E) New Age Nurturers

Which of the following is NOT one of the shopping lifestyle segments based on consumer shopping motives? A) Minimalists B) Gatherers C) Providers D) Enthusiasts E) Proud Patrons

E) Proud Patrons

Which of the following is NOT a global lifestyle segment identified by Roper Starch Worldwide? A) Strivers B) Devouts C) Intimates D) Creatives E) Rustics

E) Rustics

Which of the following is NOT a key element of relationship marketing? A) Developing a core service or product around which to build a customer relationship. B) Pricing in a manner to encourage loyalty. C) Augmenting the core service or product with extra benefits. D) Marketing to employees so that they will perform well for customers. E) Standardize the relationship across customers.

E) Standardize the relationship across customers.

Disposition of the product or the product's container may occur _____ product use. A) during B) after C) before D) a and b E) a, b, and c

E) a, b, and c

In recent years, body piercing and tattooing have become additional ways to alter both the extended self and the physical self. In what way do tattoos have meaning? A) There is the meaning associated with having a tattoo, which makes a statement about the person. B) The location of the tattoo has meaning, with more visible tattoos conveying more rebelliousness or nonconformity. C) The nature of the tattoo is a source of meaning, both private and symbolic. D) a and b E) a, b, and c

E) a, b, and c

A consumer's decision of whether or not to take action when he or she is dissatisfied is a function of which of the following? A) importance of the purchase to the consumer B) ease of taking action C) consumer's existing level of overall satisfaction with the brand or outlet D) characteristics of the consumer involved E) all of the above

E) all of the above

The probability of a consumer experiencing postpurchase dissonance, as well as the magnitude of such dissonance, is a function of which of the following? A) The degree of commitment or irrevocability of the decision. B) The importance of the decision to the consumer. C) The difficulty of choosing among the alternatives. D) The individual's tendency to experience anxiety. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following is a dimension of a consumer's self-concept? A) actual self-concept B) ideal self-concept C) private self-concept D) social self-concept E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following is a key element of relationship marketing? A) Customizing the relationship to the individual customer. B) Pricing in a manner to encourage loyalty. C) Augmenting the core service or product with extra benefits. D) Marketing to employees so that they will perform well for customers. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following is a source of increased customer profitability over time? A) increased sales volume B) lower costs C) referrals D) price premium E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following is an alternative once a consumer has decided to get rid of a product? A) sell it B) give it away C) loan it to someone D) throw it away E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome once a consumer is satisfied? A) committed customer B) discontinued use C) repeat purchases D) increased use E) all of the above are possible outcomes

E) all of the above are possible outcomes

Which of the following is typically included in a psychographic or lifestyle study? A) attitudes B) values C) activities and interests D) demographics E) all of the above

E) all the above

Which of the following statements regarding marketing and children's health and safety is FALSE?

Ensuring that advertisements portray only safe uses of products is sometimes difficult, and it is a controversial area.

Which of the following is NOT one of Experian's technology profiles? A. Wizards B. Journeymen C. Apprentices D. Enthusiasts E. Novices

Enthusiasts

Disjunctive Decision Rule

Establishes a minimum level of performance for each important attribute.

Conjunctive Decision Rule

Establishes minimum required performance standards for each evaluative criterion and selects the first or all brands that surpass these minimum standards.

In response to a particular problem, a consumer looks for the various dimensions, benefits, or features that are referred to as

Evaluative criteria

Evaluative criteria can differ on which of the following? a. type b. number c. importance d. a and b e. a, b, and c

Evaluative criteria differ on all EXCEPT which of the following? a. type b. number c. quality d. importance e. evaluative criteria can differ on all of the above

Affective performance can arise from only the symbolic dimension of product performance.

False

An attribute used to stand for or indicate another attribute is known as a proxy indicator.

False

Attitude-based choices are not used for important decisions.

False

Attribute-based choices involve the use of general attitudes, summary impressions, intuitions, or heuristics.

False

CARU guidelines allow for the use of price minimizations such as "only $19.99."

False

CARU guidelines which prohibit price minimizations such as "only $19.99" are related to concerns regarding advertising effects on health/safety/values.

False

Committed customers are less likely to forgive a product or service failure.

False

Concern over the invasion of children's privacy prompted Congress to pass the Children's Internet Protection Act in October 1998.

False

Corrective advertising is advertising run by the government to cause consumers to unlearn inaccurate information they acquired as a result of a firm's earlier advertising.

False

Counterintuitive thinking refers to imagining the outcome if a different decision had been made in the past.

False

Determining the exact meaning of a marketing message is a simple process.

False

Functional performance relates to the physical functioning of the product.

False

Regulation of marketing activities aimed at adults focuses on marketing communications, product features, pricing practices, and consumer privacy protection.

False

Research indicates that disclaimers such as "Part of a nutritious breakfast" or "Each sold separately" are fully understood even by children as young as 3 years old.

False

The disjunctive decision rule establishes an optimum level of performance for each evaluative criterion.

False

True or false: Changes in emotional and psychological states of an individual do not trigger the need for problem recognition by marketers

False

True or false: Marketing managers never desire to suppress problem recognition among consumers

False

True or false: Perceptions of the actual state of a consumer are determined only be a consumer's current situation

False

True or false: The three consumer choice processes are mutually exclusive

False

True or false: The trade-offs between hedonic and utilitarian attributes of consumers' choices are typically not considered by marketers when developing products and promotional campaigns

False

True or false: Typically, consumers only use one of the five decision rules when making a decision

False

True or false: a consumer's evaluative criteria for considering various alternatives to a recognized problem only involve product attributes

False

Gail was participating in a market research study, and she was given 20 pairs of brands of shampoo and asked to indicate which pair is most similar, and so forth until all pairs were ranked. Which type of indirect measurement technique used to assess Gail's evaluative criteria does this represent? a. perceptual mapping b. conjoint analysis c. evaluative mapping d. regression analysis e. factor analysis

Given attribute cutoffs of Price=5, Quality=5, and Weight=4, which of the following would be chosen using the disjunctive decision rule? a. NEC b. Compaq c. Dell d. Compaq and Dell would be considered further. e. Compaq and NEC would be considered further.

Given the following importance weights Price=50, Quality=40, and Ease of use=10, which of the following computers would be chosen using a compensatory decision rule? a. Dell b. A tie between Compaq and Dell. c. NEC d. Compaq e. A tie between NEC and Dell.

Given the following information, which of the following compact disc players would be chosen using the elimination-by-aspects decision rule? a. Sony b. Sanyo b. Pioneer d. Sony and Pioneer would be considered further. e. none of the above

Given the following information, which of the following compact disc players would be chosen using the lexicographic decision rule? a. Sony b. Sanyo c. Pioneer d. Sony and Pioneer would be considered further. e. mont of the above compact disc players would be chosen

Given the following minimum standards (cutoff points) Price =3, Quality=4, and Ease of use=3, which of the following computers would be chosen using the conjunctive decision rule? a. Dell b. NEC c. Compaq d. There's not enough information to decide. e. None of the above computers would be chosen.

include the fda and usda

Government regulatory bodies _____. Question options: include the FDA and USDA have increased consumer satisfaction with counterfeit goods ensure the safety of counterfeit consumer goods require manufacturers of branded goods to reimburse consumers who find they have gotten a counterfeit version all of the above

Gwen is an elderly lady and is participating in a market research study. The researcher asked her to describe the criteria someone who needs adult diapers might use to evaluate alternatives. The researcher was not asking Gwen what criteria she would use, but rather, the criteria Gwen thinks someone else would use. Which type of technique is this known as? a. tangible technique b. intangible technique c. projective technique d. perceptual mapping e. conjoint analysis

the impact of commercial messages on children's health and safety

Hale noticed in a commercial that his children were watching that children riding bikes were shown not wearing a helmet. He always makes his children wear helmets while riding their bikes, but he's concerned about other children seeing this ad and thinking it's okay to not wear one. What is Hale's major area of concern regarding advertising to children? Question options: the impact of commercial messages on children's values the impact of commercial messages on children's health and safety the impact of commercial messages on the economy the impact of commercial messages on childrens cognitive development the impact of commercial messages on family's budgets

Hannah asked her mother to buy her a certain brand of athletic shoes because that's what all the other kids are wearing at school. For Hannah, which type of motive is most likely underlying her request for that specific brand? a. instrumental motive b. affective motive c. cognitive motive d. consummatory motive e. personal motive

Conor is 15 years old. Which of the following statements is true regarding him and other children his age?

He most likely has the ability to fully process and understand information, including marketing messages.

should be 2

How many of the CARU's general guiding principles relate to a child's ability to comprehend commercial messages? Question options: 1 4 5 6 all of them

mobile marketing

If consumers call a specific number, they can access games on their cell phones. The games usually involve a branded product or an event, such as the release of a movie. This is an example of which type of marketing activity aimed at children that is considered controversial? Question options: violent entertainment products kids' clubs mobile marketing commercialization in schools Internet marketing

Maximizing the extent to which a decision is justifiable to others AND minimizing decision effort

In addition to selecting the optimal alternative, metagoals include which of the following?

Evaluative criteria

In response to a particular problem, a consumer looks for the various dimensions, benefits, or features that are referred to as:

In which type of indirect measurement approach to measuring the relative importance of consumers' evaluative criteria are consumers presented with several descriptions of alternatives and asked to rank all of them in terms of his or her preference for those combinations of features? a. perceptual mapping b. regression analysis c. factor analysis d. conjoint analysis e. cluster analysis

Which of the following is NOT an action a consumer may utilize to reduce dissonance?

Increase the importance of alternatives that were not considered in the purchase initially.

High-involvement purchases

Increased evaluation efforts in the form of complex decision rules such as compensatory rules and different stages of decision making

Competitive context

Increased variance across rival brands leads to increased efforts by consumers in a decision-making process.

A consumer uses the lexicographic decision rule to evaluate two alternative tire brands, "Big Tread" and "Atlantis." Assuming that both brands exhibit maximum performance at each level for the most important criterion, which strategy should marketers of Big Tread use to influence consumers to purchase Big Tread tires?

Influence consumers to choose the next most importance attribute of Big Tread

Attitude-Based Choice

Involves the use of general attitudes, summary impressions, intuitions, or heuristics; no attribute-by-attribute comparisons are made at the time of choice.

Affective

Janet wants to buy a laptop that suits her budget. After looking at a few laptops, she chooses the one that looks trendy and will complement her personality. In this scenario, Janet has most likely made an _______ choice.

Joanne is considering the purchase of a microwave oven and has four evaluative criteria. For each criterion, she has attached an importance weight ("W"), and each brand is evaluated on its performance on that criterion ("B"). Then a rating is calculated by summing the product of the B's and W's on a criterion for each brand, and the brand with the highest overall rating is chosen. Which type of decision rule is Joanne using? a. conjunctive b. disjunctive c. lexicographic d. elimination-by-aspects e. compensatory

Joesph is considering the purchase of a computer, and he is comparing brands on the basis of price, memory, speed, and reliability. He mentally ranks each alternatives on these attributes and makes a selection based on these rankings. Joesph is using which type of choice process? a. affective choice b. attitude-based choice c. rational choice d. attribute-based choice e. instrumental choice

John drinks Schwepps Ginger Ale for dinner as a beverage, while Jack uses it only as a mixer in his cocktails. Which factor that influences the importance of evaluative criteria is this? a. usage situation b. competitive context c. advertising effects d. quantity of criteria e. temporal perspective

Consumers in which technology segment are young and established, knowledgeable and confident in their use of new technology, and just a notch down from Wizards in their enthusiasm for technology? A. Seekers B. Techno-Strivers C. Journeymen D. Apprentices E. Media Junkies

Journeymen

Suzy is shopping for a new refrigerator. Which of the following are examples of tangible criteria Suzy might consider when evaluating various refrigerators?

Kenmore costs $150 less than whirlpool Fisher-Paykel is an energy saver and has the most efficient ice maker

What is the premise underlying geodemographic analyses? A. Age is the primary factor influencing lifestyle. B. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by demographic factors. C. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by education. D. Lifestyle cannot be measured, that is why geographic and demographic variables are analyzed. E. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is based on primary motivations and resources.

Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by demographic factors.

Few evaluative criteria

Low involvement purchases such as buying toilet paper

Leonard is a hardworking individual who works for himself and can do just about any construction or carpentry job around. He builds cabinets primarily, but he has also done masonry work. His idea of fun is fixing his truck, and several of his friends and family have him work on their cars as well. He is unimpressed by material possessions other than those with a practical or functional purpose. To which VALS segment does Leonard belong? A. Experiencers B. Strivers C. Survivors D. Makers E. Believers

Makers

Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU)

Margaret wants to complain about an advertisement targeting children that she saw on a program her children were watching. Which self-regulatory organization should she contact? Question options: Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) National Advertising Review Board (NARB) National Children's Advertising Division (NCAD) National Children's Advertising Review Board (NCARB) Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs

Marilyn is a recent college graduate teaching junior high school science. She has several courses she has to prepare, so she was very pleased when Alcoa Corporation provided her with a teaching unit on recycling. This teaching unit is an example of _____. Question options: in-school ads ads in classrooms corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs mobile games

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding ritual situations?

Marketers cannot change or create consumption patterns associated with ritual situations.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding appropriate alternatives

Marketing strategy that focuses only on creating awareness is adequate.

Conjunctive

Minimum required performance standards on each evaluative criterion are established and either the first or all brands that surpass or meet these minimum standards are selected using the ______ decision rule.

The segment of mobile phone users who are younger, grew up with cell phones, and find a cell phone central to life is known as _____.

Mobirati

A typical result of consumers relying on surrogate indicators that have little association with an important attribute is that consumers are

More likely to make suboptimal purchases

Discuss the concerns about the ability of children to comprehend commercial messages.

One basis for the concern over marketing to children is based on Piaget's stages of cognitive development, which indicate that children lack the ability to fully process and understand information, including marketing messages, until around 12 years of age. This and related theories are the basis for most regulations of advertising aimed at children. The American advertising industry's primary self-regulatory body, the National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus, maintains a special unit to review advertising aimed at children-the Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU). Two of the seven principles that underlie CARU's guidelines for advertising directed to children relate to their ability to comprehend commercial messages: a. Advertisers should always take into account the level of knowledge, sophistication, and maturity of the audience to which their message is primarily directed. b. Realizing that children are imaginative and that make-believe play constitutes an important part of the growing-up process, advertisers should exercise care not to exploit unfairly the imaginative quality of children. The two main components regarding children's abilities to comprehend advertising messages are: (a) Do children understand the selling intent of commercials?, and (b) Can children understand specific aspects of commercials, such as comparisons?

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

One basis for the concern over marketing to children is based on _____. Question options: attribution theory Piaget's stages of cognitive development the multiattribute model of cognitive development dissonance theory mental development theory

Which of the following is a conclusion reached regarding childhood obesity?

Over the decades that childhood obesity has increased, so too has the amount of advertising.

Pamela likes to sew because it relaxes her. To her, it's like therapy. For Pamela, sewing represents which type of motive? a. instrumental motive b. affective motive c. cognitive motive d. consummatory motive e. personal motive

One basis for the concern over marketing to children is based on _____.

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

None of the above - its due to lack of ability to process

Piaget's theory of cognitive development holds that _____. Question options: children must be taught how to be consumers marketing stimuli play a critical role in child socialization intellectual capabilities can continue to expand throughout the lifecycle intellectual capabilities continue to expand until late middle age none of the above

Pools & Patios

which of the following statements regarding consumer choice and preference are true

Preferences can and do shift as a function of the situation Time pressure can have an impact on a consumer's choice

Rod purchased a Porsche to satisfy himself, not to impress others. He sees this car as a reward for his hard work. To which segment of Porsche owners does Rod belong? A. Top Guns B. Elitists C. Proud Patrons D. Bon Vivants E. Fantasists

Proud Patrons

Which of the following is a requirement of the Better Business Bureau's Code of Online Business Practices?

Provide adequate security for the type of information collected, maintained, or transferred to third parties.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding marketing practices?

Regulating marketing activities requires a higher level of understanding of consumer behavior than does managing marketing programs.

Low-involvement purchases

Relatively simple decision rules like disjunctive, conjunctive, lexicographic, or elimination-by-aspects

_____ continue to buy the same brand though they do not have an emotional attachment to it.

Repeat purchasers

_____ continue to buy the same brand though they do not have an emotional attachment to it.

Repeat purchases

Which of the following is NOT an information-processing related guideline of the CARU?

Representation of food products should be made so as to encourage sound use of the product with a view toward healthy development of the child and development of good nutritional practices.

Lexicographic Decision Rule

Requires the consumer to rank the criteria in order of importance.

Elimination-By-Aspects Decision Rule

Requires the consumer to rank the evaluative criteria in terms of their importance and to establish a cutoff point for each criterion.

Attribute-Based Choice

Requires the knowledge of specific attributes at the time the choice is made, and it involves attribute-by-attribute comparisons across brands.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Internet retailing?

Research has shown that consumers shop online for reasons different to those for shopping from catalogs.

A feature of projective techniques for determining consumers' evaluative criteria is that

Respondents are asked to designate criteria that someone else might utilize

What is involved in projective technique for techniques for determining consumers' evaluative criteria?

Respondents are asked to designate criteria that someone else might utilize

What is involved in projective techniques for determining consumers' evaluative criteria?

Respondents are asked to designate criteria that someone else might utilize

mobile marketing

Ringtones, mobile games, and text-in contests are various types of promotional efforts regarding which controversial marketing activity aimed at children? Question options: violent entertainment products kids' clubs mobile marketing commercialization of schools Internet marketing

Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)

Rita has noticed when she goes to children-oriented websites with her daughter that there are clear and prominent links to privacy policies and that whenever an attempt to request information appeared, it required her consent. These things that Rita has noticed are the result of which law? Question options: Telephone Consumer Protection Act Children's Online Privacy Protection Act Federal Do Not Call Registry Children's Internet Protection Act Children's Internet Act

Which of the following is NOT a global lifestyle segment identified by Roper Starch Worldwide? A. Strivers B. Devouts C. Intimates D. Creatives E. Rustics

Rustics

mobile marketing

Scott participated in a promotion that allowed him to download a ringtone for his cell phone that played the Stars Wars theme song. This is an example of which type of marketing activity aimed at children that is considered controversial? Question options: violent entertainment products kids' clubs mobile marketing commercialization in schools Internet marketing

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding information search?

Searching for information is free

Which PRIZM social group is characterized by smaller, less densely populated cities or satellites to major cities? A. Urban B. Suburban C. Second City D. Town & Rural E. Rural

Second City

Selecting the optimal alternative, minimizing the decision effort, and maximizing the ease with which a decision can be justified are examples of consumer _____. a. metagoals b. rational goals c. evoked goals d. affective goals e. primary goals

Michelle has been told she has an eye for fashion. She is not afraid to wear brightly colored clothes with strong patterns. She doesn't need to read Vogue to know what looks good on her. Michelle belongs to the global elite ______ segment of luxury consumers. A. Conspicuous Consumers B. Information Seekers C. Sensation Seekers D. Fashionista E. Nouveaux Riches

Sensation Seekers

Sensory discrimination is _____. a. the minimum amount that one brand can differ from another with the difference still being noticed b. the maximum amount that one brand can differ from another without it being perceived as unreasonable by consumers c. the ability of an individual to distinguish between distinctly different stimuli d. the ability of an individual to distinguish between similar stimuli e. the relative importance consumers place on evaluative criteria

The segment of mobile phone users who are younger, feel communication is key, and that a mobile device helps them connect socially is known as _____.

Social connectors

Given the following information, which of the following compact disc players would be chosen using the lexicographic decision rule?

Sony

Given the following information, which of the following compact disc players would be chosen using the elimination-by-aspects decision rule?

Sony and Pioneer would be considered further

Speed of service and convenient location are criteria Jake considers when deciding at which restaurant to eat lunch during a work day. However, when he and his wife go out for a romantic dinner, the ambiance and quality of the food are more important. Which factor is influencing the importance he places of various criteria? a. usage situation b. competitive context c. advertising effects d. experience e. social influence

Which of the following is NOT a key element of relationship marketing?

Standardize the relationship across customers.

Compensatory Decision Rule

States that the brand that rates the highest on the sum of the consumer's judgments of the relevant evaluative criteria will be chosen.

Why must manufacturers design products with both the primary purpose and other potential uses in mind?

Stringent product liability laws

Which VALS segment of consumers is style conscious and trendy, has limited income, and feels life isn't fair? A. Experiencers B. Strivers C. Survivors D. Makers E. Believers

Strivers

Intangible evaluative criteria

Style, taste, prestige, feelings generated, and brand image are examples of intangible evaluative criteria

Style, taste, prestige, feelings generated, and brand image are examples of which type of evaluative criteria? a. tangible b. intangible c. primary d. secondary e. instrumental

Which VALS segment of consumers leads the most constricted lives, living simply on limited incomes with a focus on safety and security? A. Experiencers B. Strivers C. Survivors D. Makers E. Believers

Survivors

NLEA

Susan picked up a package of potato chips and noticed on the front of the package the words, "0 grams of trans fat." She looked at the nutrition label and noticed that listed beneath the number of total grams of fat was the number of grams of trans fat, which was zero in this case. The trans fat information appearing on the nutritional label is a result of the new label rule enacted by the ______. Question options: NAD FTC NLEA OPPA FDA

Kenmore costs $150 less than the Whirlpool AND Fisher-Paykel is an energy saver and has the most efficient ice maker

Suzy is shopping for a new refrigerator. Which of the following are examples of tangible criteria Suzy might consider when evaluating various refrigerators?

T/F: An attribute used to stand for or indicate another attribute is known as a proxy indicator.

T/F: Attitude-based choices are not used for important decisions.

T/F: Attribute-based choices involve the use of general attitudes, summary impressions, intuitions, or heuristics.

T/F: Cognitive motives underlie behaviors that are intrinsically rewarding to the individual involved.

T/F: Conjunctive, disjunctive, elimination-by-aspects, and lexicographic are noncompensatory decision rules.

T/F: Consumers are not aware of product brand names in generic tests.

T/F: Evaluative criteria can differ in type, number, and importance.

T/F: Factors affecting the relative importance and influence of evaluative criteria include usage situation, competitive context, and advertising effects.

T/F: Firms with a limited reputation sometimes form brand alliances with a reputable firm in order to gain from the quality associated with the known brand.

T/F: For a target market using the elimination-by-aspects rule, it is critical to meet or surpass the the consumers' requirements on one more (in order) of the criteria used than the competition.

T/F: In a compensatory decision, a brand's weakness on one attribute cannot be overcome by its strength on another attribute.

T/F: Indirect measurement techniques used to determine consumers' evaluative criteria differ from direct measurements in that they assume consumers will not or cannot state their evaluative criteria.

T/F: Online shopping services such as PriceGrabber.com assist consumers by making the final choice for them.

List the key provisions of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).

Table 20-3 provides the key provisions of this law, and the answer provided here merely highlights this information. This act requires that commercial Web sites that collect personal information from children under 13 obtain prior parental consent before they collect that information. Five elements of the act include: a. Notice--parents have the right to be notified about data collection and use practices, and this notice must be prominently displayed and unavoidable. b. Prior Parental Consent--with certain exceptions, information cannot be collected from children, used or disclosed unless the Web site operation has obtained verifiable parental consent through "reasonable effort." c. Prevention of Further Use--parents have the right to prevent further use of already collected personal identifying information and to prevent further collection. d. Collection of Personal Information Must Be Limited--collection of a child's information must be limited to what is reasonably necessary for the activity (i.e., playing a game). e. Access to Information--parents have the right to access and review a description of the specific types of personal identifying information collected from the child through reasonable means provided by the Web site operators.

The _____ decision rule requires the consumer to rank the criteria in order of importance, and then the consumer selects the brand that performs best on the most important attribute. a. conjunctive b. disjunctive c. lexicographic d. elimination-by-aspects e. compensatory

The ability of an individual to distinguish between similar stimuli is called _____. a. stimulus generalization b. perceptual generalization c. perceptual discrimination d. sensory perception e. sensory discrimination

Which of the following drives problem recognition?

The consumer's perception of the actual state

Compromise Effect

The effect that an alternative has that cannot be contained but then changes your mind about the alternative you were thinking about before. Slide 16-31, there may be something that sways your decision-process

The fact that consumer have limited capacity for processing information is referred to as a. mounted rationality b. instrumental capacity c. cognitive capacity d. cognitive dissonance e. none of the above

The fact that consumers have limited capacity for processing information is referred to as _____. a. bounded rationality b. instrumental capacity c. cognitive capacity d. cognitive dissonance e. all of the above

The famous Pepsi challenge had consumers taste two brands of cola without letting them know the brand name of either. Which type of test is this? a. surrogate tests b. generic tests c. blind tests d. primary tests e. perceptual tests

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate condition to attempt to influence generic problem recognition?

The firm has a small percentage of the market.

Which of the following is a major area of concern regarding the large amount of time children devote to watching television?

The impact of commercial messages on children's values. B) The impact of commercial messages on children's health and safety.

Evaluative Criteria and Marketing Strategy

The importance assigned to evaluative criteria can be measured either by direct or by indirect methods. o The constant sum scale is the most common direct method. o Conjoint Analysis is the most common indirect method.

What aspect of evaluative criteria is of greatest interest to marketers?

The importance consumers assign to each evaluative criterion

Which of the following is true regarding postpurchase dissonance?

The importance of the decision to the consumer is one factor that influences the probability and magnitude of postpurchase dissonance.

The minimum amount that one brand can differ from another with the difference still being noticed is referred to as the _____. a. discriminatory difference b. sensory difference c. just noticeable difference d. recognition difference e. obvious difference

Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

The minimum amount that one brand can differ from another with the difference still being noticed. Slide 16-18

Conjoint Analysis

The most popular indirect measurement approach, the consumer is presented with a set of products or product descriptions in which the evaluative criteria vary.

The motives that underlie behaviors designed to achieve a second goal are termed a. latent motives b. affective motives c. consummatory motives d. instrumental motives e. none of the above

The multiattribute model is which type of decision rule? a. compensatory b. noncompensatory c. disjunctive d. lexicographic e. elimination-by-aspects

The reduction in the quantity did not reach the level of a just noticeable difference.

all of the above

The regulation of marketing activities aimed at children focuses primarily on which of the following? Question options: product safety advertising promotion privacy protection all of the above

Jana wants to replace her run-down bicycle with a new one. However, student loan payments and an increased rent payment cause her to delay her purchase decision. Which factor most likely influenced Jana's response?

The relative importance of her problem is small

1. A set of products or product descriptions is offered to a consumer in which evaluative criteria differ. 2. Different evaluative criteria are graded by a consumer in terms of his or her preference for those combinations of features. 3. The relative significance of each level of evaluative criteria is derived using a computer program as assigned by a consumer.

The steps involved in conjoint analysis for determining the relative importance consumers place on evaluative criteria.

1. The evaluative criteria based on significance are rated by consumers and cutoff points for each criterion are established. 2. All brands are decided on the most significant criterion and those that do not meet or surpass an established cut-off point are eliminated. 3. Remaining brands are similarly evaluated by consumers on criteria with progressively lower importance until one brand remains.

The steps taken by consumers using the elimination-by-aspects decision rule to evaluate alternatives to a recognized problem:

1. Ranking of alternative brands by consumers based on similarity 2. Processing of ranks by a computer 3. Creation of a perceptual map of brands

The steps taken in perceptual mapping of consumers' evaluative criteria:

1. The rules or combination of rules most likely used by a target market in a particular purchase situation should be determined. 2. Marketing strategies that correspond to the decision-making activities conducted by a target market should be developed.

The steps to develop marketing strategies appropriate to a target market's purchase situation:

Help consumers envision the experience of consuming the product

The strategy used by marketers to influence purchase decisions in consumers who use the affective choice process to select products is to:

Surpass consumers' desired performance level on at least one of the key attributes

The strategy used by marketers while using the disjunctive decision rule is to:

The two types of evaluative criteria are _____. a. primary and secondary b. tangible and intangible c. manifest and latent d. direct and indirect e. consummatory and instrumental

Attitude-based

The utilization of summary impressions, general attitudes, heuristics, or intuitions is involved in consumer usage of _______ choice.

Evaluative Criteria

The various dimensions, features, or benefits a consumer looks for in response to a specific problem.

The various dimensions, features, or benefits consumer look for in response to a specific problem are called _____. a. alternatives b. choices c. heuristics d. evaluative criteria e. motives

You just graduated from college and started a new job at a consumer packaged goods manufacturer. You will be involved with marketing activities aimed at children. Briefly describe the controversial marketing activities aimed at children that you should be aware of.

There are a number of marketing activities targeted at children in addition to television that are controversial and for which various regulatory proposals are being considered. For example, violent entertainment products (movies, videos, and music) labeled for those 17 and older were, until recently, routinely marketed to kids. Another area of ongoing concern is kids' clubs which typically provide membership certificates, a magazine or Web site, the chance to win prizes, and discounts or coupons of products offered by the sponsor. A major concern is that these clubs disguise commercial messages. Additional issues described in the chapter include mobile marketing( i.e., ringtones, mobile games, text-in contests), commercialization in schools (i.e., in-school ads, ads in classrooms, corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs, and corporate-sponsored contents and incentive programs), and Internet marketing to children.

Usage situations

These are conditions in which a service or product is utilized

David is a retired attorney who is satisfied and comfortable with his life. He keeps informed about the world by reading three newspapers a day and attends lectures at the senior activity center near his home. He is very content with his life, and he tends to center his leisure activities around his home. He plans his purchases carefully and looks for functionality, value, and durability in the products he buys. Which VALS segment best describes David? A. Achievers B. Makers C. Innovators D. Thinkers E. Experiencers

Thinkers

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding self-concept and culture? A. The self-concept is important in all cultures. B. Those aspects of the self that are most valued and most influence consumption and other behaviors do not vary across cultures. C. An independent construal of the self is based on the predominant Western cultural belief that individuals are inherently separate. D. An interdependent construal of the self is based on the common Asian cultural belief in the fundamental connectedness of human beings. E. All of the above are true.

Those aspects of the self that are most valued and most influence consumption and other behaviors do not vary across cultures.

Advertising effects

Those promotional campaigns which increase processing of a product attribute and the importance of that attribute

Which of the following is false regarding shopping cart abandonment?

Those who abandon carts cannot be reengaged

Which disposition alternative is the most widely used by consumers?

Throw away

To determine which criteria are used by consumer in a specific product decision, the marketing researcher can utilize which two methods of measurement? a. primary and secondary b. manifest and latent c. direct and indirect d. immediate and delayed e. nominal and interval

With respect to the specific lifestyle scheme developed by Porsche, which segment of consumers is ambitious and driven, values power and control, and expects to be noticed? A. Top Guns B. Elitists C. Proud Patrons D. Bon Vivants E. Fantasists

Top Guns

A consumer can be neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.

True

A consumer selling something to another individual through an online intermediary (i.e., eBay) is known as a consumer-to-consumer sale.

True

A and B

What is the concern regarding the limited ability of children to comprehend advertising messages? Question options: Do children understand the selling intend of commercials? Can children understand specific aspects of commercials? Do children like commercials? A and B A, B, and C

Which of the following is NOT a key decision for retailers considering price advertising?

What is the cost of the item compared to the total media cost?

A and B

What is the health risk of trans fat that prompted to government to require that the number of grams of trans fat be provided in nutrition labels on packages? Question options: It raises the level of LDL (bad) cholesterol. It lowers the level of HDL (good) cholesterol. It raises blood sugar levels. A and B A, B, and C

2000

What year did the rules based on the guidelines in the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act go in to effect? Question options: 1990 1995 1998 2000 2002

CARU's guidelines linked to possible information-processing deficits of children

When Rose Art Industries changed its packaging due to concerns that size of the product relative to the size of the child shown on the package picture could lead a child to believe that the Super Lite toy was larger than it was, this is related to _____. Question options: CARU's guidelines linked to possible information-processing deficits of children CARU's guidelines linked to concerns about the health/safety/value effects of commercial messages on children COPPA's guidelines regarding processing deficits of children all of the above none of the above

Bounded rationality

When a consumer has a limited capacity for processing information, the consumer is experiencing: problems

The way the product makes him or her feel

When a consumer's choice of a product is primarily influenced by the affective component of his or her attitude, the consumer's evaluation of a product is based on:

Direct

When consumers' opinion on various evaluative criteria during particular purchase situations or in focus groups in noted, a(n) ______ method is employed.

Which decision rule establishes minimum required performance standards for each evaluative criterion and selects the first or all brands that meet or exceed these minimum standards? a. conjunctive b. disjunctive c. lexicographic d. elimination-by-aspects e. compensatory

Which decision rule requires the consumer to rank the criteria in order of importance, and then the consumer selects the brand that performs best on the most important attribute? a. conjunctive b. disjunctive c. lexicographic d. elimination-by-aspects e. compensatory

Which decision rule states that the brand that rates highest on the sum of the consumer's judgements of the relevant criteria will be chosen? a. conjunctive b. disjunctive c. lexicographic d. elimination-by-aspects e. compensatory

Which indirect measurement techniques used to determine consumers' evaluative criteria allow the respondent to indicate the criteria someone else might use? a. tangible b. intangible c. projective techniques d. perceptual mapping e. conjoint analysis

Nutrional Labeling & Education Act

Which law deals with nutrition labeling on products' packages? Question options: Truth-in-Labeling Law Nutritional Labeling and Education Act Trans Fat Labeling Act Fair Packaging and Labeling Act U.S. Packaging and Labeling Law

Which measurement method involves asking consumers what criteria they use in a particular purchase or, in a focus group setting, nothing what consumers say about products and their attributes? a. direct b. indirect c. projective d. perceptual mapping e. word association

Which measurement technique used to assess consumers' evaluative criteria assumes consumers will not or cannot state their evaluative criteria? a. direct b. indirect c. primary d. secondary e. differential

Advertisers are encouraged to capitalize on the potential of advertising to serve an educational role and influence positive personal qualities and behaviors in children.

Which of the following CARU principles addresses the impact of commercial messages on children's values and their health and safety? Question options: Although there are many influences that affect a child's personal and social development, it remains the prime responsibility of the parents to provide guidance for children. Advertisers should contribute to this parent-child relationship in a constructive manner. Advertisers are encouraged to capitalize on the potential of advertising to serve an educational role and influence positive personal qualities and behaviors in children. Advertisers should avoid social stereotyping and appeals to prejudice and are encouraged to incorporate minority and other groups in ads and to present positive role models whenever possible. Products and content which are inappropriate for children should not be advertised or promoted directly to them. All of the above address the impact of messages on children's values and their health and safety.

Which of the following affects how important various criteria are for consumers? a. usage situation b. competitive context c. advertising effects d. all of the above e. none of the above

If other information regarding quality is unavailable, if consumers have a low interest in a decision, AND if informed judgements cannot be made by consumers

Which of the following are conditions in which surrogate indicators act more strongly?

Competitive context, advertising effects, AND usage situation

Which of the following are factors that influence the importance a consumer places on different evaluative criteria of alternative solutions to a recognized problem?

Which of the following are indirect measurement techniques used to determine consumers' evaluative criteria? a. conjoint analysis and factor analysis b. factor analysis and regression analysis c. regression analysis and perceptual mapping d. projective techniques and perceptual mapping e. projective technique and regression analysis

Style AND brand image

Which of the following are intangible factors that influence the type of evaluative criteria used by consumers in making a decision?

Likert scales, semantic differential scales, AND rank ordering scales

Which of the following are methods marketers use to determine consumers' judgements of brand performance on specific evaluative criteria?

corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs

Which of the following are teaching materials provided by corporations, usually for free, that come in various forms, including posters, activity sheets, and multimedia teaching aids? Question options: in-school ads ads in classrooms corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs mobile games

those who are relatively disadvantaged in terms of education and income

Which of the following consumers are LEAST likely to be able to use the information provided by marketers? Question options: men women those who are relatively disadvantaged in terms of education and income baby boomers professionals who are too busy to attend to the information

Which of the following does NOT influence the evaluation of alternative on each criterion? a. decision rules applied b. evaluative criteria c. importance of criteria d. alternative considered e. all of the above influence the evaluation of alternatives on each criterion

Which of the following is NOT a decision rule used by consumers? a. conjunctive b. disjunctive c. lexicographic d. compensatory e. conjoint

Which of the following is NOT a type of consumer choice process? a. affective choice b. attitude-based choice c. rational choice d. a and b e. all of the above are types of consumer choice processes

Representation of food products should be made so as to encourage sound use of the product with a view toward healthy development of the child and development of good nutritional practices.

Which of the following is NOT an information-processing-related guideline of the CARU? Question options: Claims should not unduly exploit a child's imagination. Ads should demonstrate the performance and use of the product in a way that can be duplicated by the child for whom the product is intended. Representation of food products should be made so as to encourage sound use of the product with a view toward healthy development of the child and development of good nutritional practices. Program personalities, live or animated, should not be used to sell products, premiums, or services in or adjacent to programs primarily directed to children under 12 years of age in which the same personality or character appears. All disclosures and disclaimers material to children should be understandable to the children in the intended audience and account for their limited vocabulary and language skills.

all of the above

Which of the following is a classification of commercialization of schools? Question options: in-school ads ads in classrooms corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs all of the above

Which of the following is a decision rule used by consumers? a. conjunctive b. disjunctive c. lexicographic d. compensatory e. all of the above

the accuracy of the info provided

Which of the following is a major concern regarding legal and ethical behavior with respect to marketing communications? Question options: the tastefulness of the ad the accuracy of the information provided the media used to deliver the ad the creativity of the ad the effectiveness of the ad

A and B

Which of the following is a major issue consumer groups have concerning products? Question options: Are they safe? Are they environmentally sound? Do they meet consumers' needs? A and B A, B, and C

all of the above

Which of the following is a marketing activity targeted at children that is considered controversial? Question options: violent entertainment products kids' clubs mobile marketing commercialization in schools all of the above

Which of the following is a noncompensatory decision rule? a. conjunctive b. disjunctive c. lexicographic d. elimination-by-aspects e. all of the above

More nearly optimal decisions are produced by it.

Which of the following is a true statement about attribute-based choice?

Which of the following is a type of consumer choice process? a. affective choice b. attitude-based choice c. attribute-based choice d. a and b e. a, b, and c

Typically, consumers associate evaluative criteria with desired benefits.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the nature of evaluative criteria?

Which of the following is an example of a federal law passed to facilitate direct comparisons among alternatives? a. Telephone Consumer Protection Act b. Truth-in-Lending law c. Federal Trade Commission Act d. Wheeler-Lea Amendment e. Just Noticeable Difference law

Which of the following is often used as a surrogate indicator of quality? a. price b. advertising intensity c. warranties d. country of origin e. all of the above

The subtle meanings implied by the visual content of ads

Which of the following is the MOST difficult to regulate? Question options: the explicit verbal content of ads the subtle meanings implied by the visual content of ads the adequacy of the information provided in ads a website's privacy policy with respect to children the use of corrective advertising

Which of the following is an alternative once a consumer has decided to get rid of a product?

all of the above

Which of the following is the most common method of direct measurement of the relative importance of consumers' evaluative criteria? a. rank ordering scales b. semantic differential scales c. constant sum scales d. Likert scales e. nominal scales

Which of the following is the most popular indirect measurement approach to measuring the relative importance of consumers' evaluative criteria? a. perceptual mapping b. regression analysis c. factor analysis d. conjoint analysis e. cluster analysis

Which of the following is the most widely used technique for measuring consumers' judgements of brand performance on specific attributes? a. rank ordering scales b. semantic differential scales c. constant sum scales d. Likert scales e. nominal scales

Childrens online privacy protection act

Which of the following is the result of concern regarding the invasion of children's privacy? Question options: Telephone Consumer Protection Act Children's Online Privacy Protection Act Federal Do Not Call Registry Children's Internet Protection Act Children's Internet Act

Which of the following motives are most likely in affective choices? a. consummatory motives b. primary motives c. affective motives d. immediate motives e. instrumental motives

it doesn't apply to nonprofits

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)? Question options: It does not apply to nonprofits. Information cannot be collected from children, used, or disclosed unless the website operator has obtained verifiable parental consent after the information has been collected. The COPPA rules don't appear to be working. It authorizes CARU to develop specific rules to implement the provisions of the act. All of the above are true.

Which of the following statements is true regarding consumer choice processes? a. Attitude-based choices require the knowledge of specific attributes at the time the choice is made. b. The greater the motivation to make an optimal decision, the more likely an attitude-based choice will be made. c. Motivation, information availability, and situational factors interact to determine the likelihood that attitude-based choices are made. d. Consumers do not use attitude-based choices for important products. e. Attitude-based choices require the comparison of each specific attribute across all brands considered.

Time pressure can have an impact on a consumer's choice AND preferences can and do shift as a function of the situation

Which of the following statements regarding consumer choice and preference are true?

Ensuring that advertisements portray only safe uses of products is sometimes difficult, and it is a controversial area.

Which of the following statements regarding marketing and children's health and safety is FALSE? Question options: Ensuring that advertisements portray only safe uses of products is sometimes difficult, and it is a controversial area. Even ads clearly not targeting children can have potentially harmful consequences. In many instances, children and teenagers are exposed to advertising directed at adults. Advertising of health-related products, particularly snack foods and cereals, is controversial. Advertising sugared products such as presweetened breakfast cereals does increase their consumption.

Which of the following tends to be more holistic in nature, and the brand is not decomposed into distinct components that are evaluated separately from the whole? a. affective choice b. attitude-based choice c. rational choice d. attribute-based choice e. instrumental choice

A and B

Which of these provisions is NOT included in The Rule under COPPA? Question options: privacy policy parental notice parental consent confidentiality All of the above are included.

privacy by design

Which part of the FTC Privacy Protection Framework relates to data security, reasonable collection units, sound retention practices, and data accuracy? Question options: simplified choice greater transparency privacy by design Internet Privacy Act none of the above

Which type of consumer choice process involves the use of general attitudes, summary impressions, intuitions, or heuristics, and no attribute-by-attribute comparisons are made at the time of choice? a. affective choice b. attitude-based choice c. rational choice d. attribute-based choice e. instrumental choice

Which type of consumer choice process requires the knowledge of specific attributes at the time the choice is made, and it involves attribute-by-attribute comparisons across brands? a. affective choice b. attitude-based choice c. rational choice d. attribute-based choice e. instrumental choice

Which type of motives activates behaviors designed to achieve a second goal? a. instrumental motives b. affective motives c. cognitive motives d. consummatory motives e. personal motives

Which type of motives underlie behaviors that are intrinsically rewarding to the individual involved? a. instrumental motives b. affective motives c. cognitive motives d. consummatory motives e. personal motives

Which type of test is one in which the consumer is not aware of the product's brand name? a. surrogate tests b. generic tests c. blind tests d. primary tests e. perceptual tests

The top two barriers to Internet shopping are ______.

a and b

Radian6 is a leader in the field of ______.

a and d

Some companies attempt to initiate problem recognition through ______.

a and d

Evaluative criteria can differ on which of the following?

a, b, and c

Which of the following is a type of consumer choice process?

a, b, and c

Which of the following is a type of consumer decision making discussed in your text?

a, b, and c

Kim was participating in a group discussion centered on the participants' problems encountered while taking care of their hair. Which approach to problem identification is this

activity analysis

Which approach to problem identification focuses on a particular activity such as lawn maintenance?

activity analysis

Marlo was very happy after receiving her acceptance letter from the university. This scenario illustrates Marlo's ______ state

actual

Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I am now? A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

actual self-concept

Bessie is at the grocery store and is trying to remember some of the things she needs to buy. She is in the cleaning products aisle looking at the floor cleaning products. She's pretty sure she has another bottle left at home, so she doesn't purchase another. Bessie's perception of her current situation regarding this product reflects her ____.

actual state

When making a(n) _______ choice, consumers imagine using the product or service and consider how it will make them feel

affective

The emotional response that owning or using the product or outlet provides is known as _____.

affective performance

It is critical for marketers to understand the role of emotions and attitudes in the formation of a consumer's evoked set as

affective, emotional, and functional criteria are not always used in isolation

A consumer's decision of whether or not to take action when he or she is dissatisfied is a function of which of the following?

all of the above

A new study suggests there is a cross-cultural group with similar values and consumption patterns based on luxury known as the global elite. What are the segments? A. Conspicuous Consumers B. Information Seekers C. Sensation Seekers D. A and B E. all of the above

all of the above

According to the media consulting group, SmartReply, the best text message programs involve which of the following?

all of the above

Approaches to reduce online privacy concerns include

all of the above

Customer complaints communicated directly to the company and no one else are important because

all of the above

Financial cost, time cost, and effort cost are examples of

all of the above

How has the internet changed consumers' ability to search for information?

all of the above

Omni-channel shoppers

all of the above

Rational choice theory implicitly or explicitly assumes a number of things about consumer choice that are often not true, such as _____.

all of the above

The "Merchandise" dimension of store image includes _____.

all of the above

The probability of a consumer experiencing postpurchase dissonance, as well as the magnitude of such dissonance, is a function of which of the following?

all of the above

The purchase of products involves the risk that they may not perform as expected, causing which of the following to be high?

all of the above

The top categories of online spending include

all of the above

Which condition is appropriate to attempt to influence generic problem recognition?

all of the above

Which of the following CARU principle addresses the impact of commercial messages on children's values and their health and safety?

all of the above

Which of the following affects consumers' retail outlet selection?

all of the above

Which of the following affects how important various criteria are for consumers?

all of the above

Which of the following factors influences the expected benefits and perceived costs of search?

all of the above

Which of the following is a classification of commercialization of schools?

all of the above

Which of the following is a concern marketing managers have related to problem recognition?

all of the above

Which of the following is a decision rule used by consumers?

all of the above

Which of the following is a dimension of a consumer's self-concept? A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a key element of relationship marketing?

all of the above

Which of the following is a noncompensatory decision rule?

all of the above

Which of the following is a primary source of information available to consumers?

all of the above

Before a marketing manager or a public policy decision maker can develop a sound strategy to affect consumer decisions, he or she must determine all EXCEPT which of the following?

all of the above must be determined

Which of the following is NOT a reason consumers gave for why they don't like shopping in stores?

all of the above were reasons why consumers don't like shopping in stores

The famous Pepsi challenge had consumers taste two brands of cola without letting them know the brand name of either. Which type of test is this?

blind tests

Services that aid consumers in their search and decision making on the Internet are known as _____.

bots

A limited capacity for processing information is known as _____.

bounded rationality

Consumers often do not have the ability or motivation to seek optimal solutions to recognized problems and are subject to ______, which limits their capacity to process information

bounded rationality

Duane is of average intelligence, and like most consumers, he cannot compare too many alternatives at one time. This limited capacity for processing information is known as _____.

bounded rationality

The fact that consumers have limited capacity for processing information is referred to as _____.

bounded rationality

When a consumer has a limited capacity for processing information, the consumer is experiencing

bounded rationality

For which type of firm has research shown that reducing the number of customers who leave by 5 percent resulted in the highest percentage increase in average profits per customer?

branch banks

Consumers who exhibit a positively biased behavior toward a specific brand are exhibiting _____.

brand loyalty

compensatory

n which type of indirect measurement approach to measuring the relative importance of consumers' evaluative criteria are consumers presented with several descriptions of alternatives and asked to rank all of them in terms of his or her preference for those combinations of features?

conjoint analysis

conjunctive

Mahut finds one dishwasher that meet the standards he is looking for and two that do not. He eliminates the two that do not and buys the other one. Which decision rule is he using?

conjunctive

Minimum required performance standards on each criterion are established and either the first or all brands that surpass or meet these minimum standards are selected using the _______ decision rule

conjunctive

Which decision rule establishes minimum required performance standards for each evaluative criterion and selects the first or all brands that meet or exceed these minimum standards?

conjunctive

Which type of sale occurs when one consumer sells a product directly to another with or without the assistance of a commercial intermediary?

consumer-to-consumer sale

Pamela likes to sew because it relaxes her. To her, it's like therapy. For Pamela, sewing represents which type of motive?

consummatory motive

Which of the following motives are most likely in affective choices?

consummatory motives

Negative emotions or guilt feelings aroused by the use of a product or a service are referred to as _____.

consumption guilt

Advertising run by a firm to cause consumers to unlearn inaccurate information they acquired as a result of the firm's earlier advertising is called _____.

corrective advertising

Which nonmarketing factor affects a consumer's desired state?

culture/subculture

Every time Hannah buys a sandwich at Super Subs, she gets a stamp on a card. Once she has 10 stamps, she'll get a free sandwich. This is an example of a(n) _____.

customer loyalty program

Which of the following does NOT influence the evaluation of alternatives on each criterion?

decision rules applied

In order for online retailers to convert website visitors to buyers they must

design appropriate landing pages

Pam practices for long hours because she wants to be selected as the captain of the school's baseball team. This exemplifies Pam's ______ state

desired

Candice is on a diet and wants to lose 10 pounds. She wants to be thin right now, which represents her _____.

desired state

"Part of a nutritious breakfast," "Each sold separately," and "Batteries not included" are examples of _____

disclaimers

The Smith's oldest daughter, Olivia, is a senior in high school. She has all "A's" and scored a 34 on the ACT. She is president of the debate team and the national honor society as well as a member of the cheerleading squad. Olivia wants to attend medical school, so both she and her parents are very concerned about which undergraduate school she attends. They have spent countless hours on the Internet examining universities, and they have already visited five campuses. For Olivia and her parents, which type of decision making does this represent?

extended decision making

Pamela is a consumer who is guided in her choices by her beliefs and principles rather than by feelings or desire for social approval. She tends to purchase products based on functionality and reliability. Which primary motive is guiding Pamela's behavior? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

ideals motivation

which of the following are conditions in which surrogate indicators act more strongly?

if information regarding other quality is unavailable if consumers have a low interest in a decision if informed judgements cannot be made by consumers

Rational Choice Theory

implicitly or explicitly assumes a number of things about consumer choice that often are not true. -Assumption 1: Consumers seek one optimal solution to a problem and choose on that basis -Assumption 2: Consumers have the skill and motivation to find the optimal solution. -Assumption 3: The optimal solution does not change as a function of situation factors such as time pressure, task definition, or competitive text.

Jane was looking through the Pottery Barn catalog and saw some lamps she liked. Instead of calling the toll-free number to purchase the lamps, she went to Pottery Barn's website and ordered them. This is an example of _____.

in-home shopping

Ads in such places as school buses, scoreboards, bulletin boards, as well as coupons and free samples represent which of the following?

in-school ad

in-school ads

inconvenience

Which type of self-concept emphasizes personal goals, characteristics, achievements, and desires? A. primary self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

independent self-concept

Magazines, consumer groups, and government agencies represent which source of information?

independent sources

Individuals with which type of self-concept are more likely to seek adventure and excitement through travel, sports, and entertainment; to be opinion leaders; and to prefer magazines over TV? A. independents B. interdependents C. self-monitors D. idealists E. doers

independents

Which measurement technique used to assess consumers' evaluative criteria assumes consumers will not or cannot state their evaluative criteria?

indirect

The dangers of drinking and driving are actively promoted by consumer groups. These efforts are in response to what uncontrollable determinant of problem recognition?

individual development

Brands that are found completely unworthy of further consideration are members of the _____.

inept set

Match the approaches used by marketers to activate problem recognition in consumers to their appropriate descriptions

influencing consumers' desired state = advertising benefits that products offer in the hope that consumers begin desiring those benefits influencing consumers' perception of their actual state = advertising assumed desired states by designing ads that result in individuals doubting their current satisfaction levels

While government and businesses want consumers to have full disclosure, which of the following might result for consumers?

information overload

Leon is concerned with the reliability and durability of laptop computers he is considering purchasing. This represents which dimension of product performance?

instrumental

Barbara derives the meaning of herself from her relationships with her family. She has never sought a career of her own, and she is most happy when she is "taking care of someone." If her grandchildren do not like what is prepared for dinner, she will make them something else. Which type of self-concept does Barbara have? A. role-based self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

interdependent self-concept

Which type of self-concept emphasizes family, cultural, professional, and social relationships? A. group self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

interdependent self-concept

Individuals with which type of self-concept are more likely to engage in home and domestic-related activities and entertainment, including cooking at home and from scratch? A. independents B. interdependents C. self-monitors D. idealists E. doers

interdependents

Which of the following are types of reference prices?

internal and external

Neil is considering the purchase of a 4-wheeler ATV. He visited a distributor to look at different models, and when he looked at prices he compared them with a price his brother told him he paid for an ATV. The price Neil retrieves from memory is known as a(n) _____.

internal reference price

What is the most common approach to discovering consumer problems?

intuition

invading children's privacy

What is a major concern that has emerged regarding Internet marketing and children?

invading children's privacy B) exploitation of children through manipulative sales techniques

involuntary switching

One feature of perceptual mapping is that it does not

involve specification of evaluative criteria by consumers

A feature of perceptual mapping as a technique used by marketers is that it does not

involve specification of evaluative criteria by consumers ask consumers to state their evaluative criteria

The minimum amount that one brand can differ from another with the difference still being noticed is referred to as the ______.

just noticeable difference

Paul's grandchildren gave him a computer for Christmas, but he seldom uses it to shop. He only goes to the grocery store to restock his pantry once a month. In which online shopping segment does Paul belong?

just the essentials

Blake doesn't much care about cars but is engaging in a substantial amount of information search about cars because he is about to buy a new car. In terms of involvement, Blake is _____.

low in product involvement; high in purchase involvement

Blake doesn't much care about cars but is engaging in a substantial amount of information search about cars since he is about to buy a new car. In terms of involvement, Blake is _____.

low in product involvement; high in purchase involvement

A new model of headphones offers both noise cancellation and enhanced bass facilities at an affordable price. Ron considers replacing his current headphones, but later he puts off his decision since his headphones have a great sound and have little outside interference. In this scenario, which factor most likely reduced Ron's desire to purchase the new headphones?

low magnitude of discrepancy between his desired and actual states

Susan actually knows quite a bit about some product categories that she doesn't actively seek out information concerning and doesn't even own. Which of the following is the most likely means by which she obtained this information?

low-involvement learning

Match the types of purchases with the types of decision rules consumers typically use in those purchase situations

low-involvement purchases = relatively simple decision rules like disjunctive, conjunctive, lexicographic, or elimination-by-aspects high-involvement purchases = increase evaluation efforts in the form of complex decision rules such as compensatory rules and different stages of decision making

Coca-Cola has a large brand-loyal purchaser segment. Which marketing strategy is appropriate for this brand?

maintenance strategy

Which marketing strategy requires consistent attention to product quality, distribution, and a reinforcement advertising strategy because the brand is purchased habitually by the target market?

maintenance strategy

Which marketing strategies are appropriate for nominal decision making?

maintenance strategy and disrupt strategy

Jessica and Marty know how to shop online, but they prefer to go to the mall where they meet their friends for coffee in the food court. Jessica and Marty represent which online shopper segment?

mall maniacs

Which online shopping segment found by Experian is less likely than average to have bought online in the past 12 months, and enjoys shopping?

mall maniacs

The number of alternatives, price range, store distribution, and information availability are examples of which factor that influences the expected benefits and perceived costs of search?

market characteristics

Which source of information includes inspection or product trial?

marketing sources

Rebecca is opening a women's shoe store. She is carefully considering the quality, selection, style, and price that she wants for her store. Which dimension of store image is she concerned with?

merchandise

Which dimension of store image consists of quality, selection, style, and price components?

merchandise

Selecting the optimal alternative, minimizing the decision effort, and maximizing the ease with which a decision can be justified are examples of consumer _____.

metagoals

in addition to selecting the optimal alternative, metagoals include which of the following?

minimizing decision effort maximizing the extent to which a decision is justifiable to others

Which of the following is NOT a classification of commercialization of schools?

mobile games

mobile marketing

Ringtones, mobile games, and text-in contests are various types of promotional efforts regarding which controversial marketing activity aimed at children?

mobile marketing

______ decision making refers to habitual decision making in which a "do not purchase" alternative is not even considered

nominal

Every winter, Laurie's skin becomes very dry and results in painful cracks in her skin on her fingers. Once this happens, Laurie remembers that Zim's Crack Cream works really well for this problem, so she stops at the store to pick some up. Which type of decision making has occurred?

nominal decision making

If, in response to a problem, a consumer recalls a single, satisfactory solution, no further information search or evaluation may occur. The consumer purchases the recalled brand and _____ has occurred.

nominal decision making

Which type of decision making process in effect involves no decision per se?

nominal decision making

Which of the following is(are) a type of consumer decision making discussed in your text?

nominal decision making limited decision making extended decision making (A,B&C)

Piaget's theory of cognitive development holds that _____.

none of the above

All EXCEPT which of the following nonmarketing factors affect consumers' desired state?

normal depletion

actual state

normal depletion government/consumer groups availability of products

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting consumers' retail outlet selection?

number of levels of distribution

Shoppers who browse and/or purchase in more than one channel simultaneously are known as _____.

omni-channel shoppers

Tasha loves to shop at Macy's. She can scan Jessica Simpson bar codes with her Blackberry app and check prices and availability in Macy's and other stores at the same time. To which shopping segment does Tasha belong?

omni-channel shoppers

The first assumption of rational choice theory says that consumers seek _______ and make their choice on that basis

one optimal solution to a problem

Barry is always searching information about wine. He reads Wine Spectator every month, has several books related to wine, visits wine-related websites frequently, and has visited several wine regions throughout the world. While he purchases wine frequently, he does not conduct this information search for just that reason. He just enjoys learning about wine. For Barry, his search for information about wine is a(n) _____.

ongoing search

Tylenol, which is an analgesic known as acetaminophen, warns in some of its advertising that consumers should read labels carefully because several other types of medications include acetaminophen (e.g., Tylenol Sinus) and consumers could overdose on this medicine and potentially suffer liver damage. Which type of cost is associated with this risk?

physical cost

What are the two dimensions of the VALS typology of consumers? A. age and gender B. age and stage of family life cycle C. stage of family life cycle and resources D. primary motivation and resources E. primary motivation and age

primary motivation and resources

projective technique

Which indirect measurement techniques used to determine consumers' evaluative criteria allow the respondent to indicate the criteria someone else might use?

projective techniques

Which of the following are indirect measurement techniques used to determine consumers' evaluative criteria?

projective techniques and perceptual mapping

Which of the following is NOT a subcategory of the awareness set?

purchase set

Which of the following is NOT a primary motivation on which the VALS typology is based? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. All of the above are primary motivations in the VALS typology.

realist motivation

A price with which other prices are compared is known as a(n) _____.

reference price

Leslie loves to shop at T.J. Maxx and feels she is saving a lot of money because the price tags usually have the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) listed and crossed off and the T.J. Maxx price below much lower. The MSRP is being used as a _____.

reference price

When a retailer represents a price as "regularly $15.99, now $9.99," the $15.99 is called the _____.

reference price

An attempt to develop an ongoing, expanding exchange relationship with a firm's customers is called _____.

relationship marketing

Marketing efforts focused on a firm's current customers are generally termed _____.

relationship marketing

Which type of nominal decision is characterized by a consumer believing that all brands within a given product category are about the same and not attaching much importance to the product category or purchase?

repeat purchase decision

repeat purchaser

Consumers who believe all soy sauce is the same may buy the same brand because they bought it last time but might be easily swayed to buy another brand if provided with a 50% off coupon at the store. Which aspect of nominal decision does this demonstrate?

repeat purchases

require parental consent when collecting information from children under the age of 18

Perceptual Mapping

researcher uses judgment to determine dimensions underlying consumer evaluations of brand similarity.

responses to service failures

Which model is used to calculate the level of store attraction based on store size and distance from the consumer?

retail attraction model

The type of problem recognition that arises when consumers are faced with a discrepancy, which only one brand can solve, is called ______ problem recognition.

selective

Action-oriented consumers who strive to express their individuality through their choices and purchase experiences are driven by which primary motivation? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

self-expression motivation

What is probably the most widely used technique for determining consumers' judgments of brand performance on specific attributes?

semantic differential scales

Which of the following is the most widely used technique for measuring consumers' judgments of brand performance on specific attributes?

semantic differential scales

A market researcher asked Adam to place an "X" on one of the seven spaces that are placed between several sets of adjectives that best represents how he sees himself on those two opposite adjectives. This is the most common approach to measuring self-concept and is known as _____. A. semantic differentials B. Likert items C. a 100-point constant-sum scale D. nominal variables E. open-ended questions

semantic differentials

A person can differentiate between similar stimuli if he or she has the ability known as

sensory discrimination

The ability of an individual to distinguish between similar stimuli is called _____.

sensory discrimination

Service employees that are uncaring, impolite, unresponsive, or unknowledgeable will cause consumers to switch providers for which reason?

3730 FINAL

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