4. NBE Chemistry Part I
"When jaundice is present in the body you should use: 1-Masking fluids 2-Bleaching fluids 3-Aluminum chloride 4-Paraformaldehyde
1 and 2
"Formaldehyde does which of the following? 1-Converts proteins to tertiary amines 2-Reacts to preserve protein 3-Reacts with protein by the process of dehydrolysis 4-Converts biliverdin to bilirubin"
1, 2, and 3 only
The recommended 3% dilution of a 20 index standard arterial chemical used to embalm an edematous body would be which of the following?
19 oz. Of arterial to 109 oz. Of water
How many ounces of a 36-index fluid is needed to make one gallon of a 0.5% solution?
2
The number of fluid ounces of a 25 index arterial fluid needed to prepare one gallon (128 fl. oz.) of solution with a strength of one percent would be:
3.2
The number of oxygen atoms in the formula 2Al(OH)3 is:
6
A poison of organic origin is:
A toxin
To remove road tar from the remains, use
Acetone
According to OSHA, the proper way to neutralize a formaldehyde spill is to:
Add ammonia, then wipe up
Formed from the partial oxidation of a primary alcohol is a(n):
Aldehyde
Sodium citrate is used in embalming fluid as a(n):
Anticoagulant
Substances which react with calcium to prevent blood are:
Anticoagulants
Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and phenol are hazardous because they:
Are toxic to living tissue
The smallest particle of matter that enters into a chemical reaction is a(n):
Atom
Skin discoloration may be treated hypodermically by using what type of agents?
Bleaching
If the deceased was treated with iodine-131 then:
Blood and body fluids may be radioactive
Minerals that cause hard water also create problems in embalming because they promote:
Blood clotting
A solution which resists changes in pH is a
Buffer
Tissues of the remains have varying levels of acids and bases. What modifying agent should be used in the embalming fluid?
Buffer
Anticoagulants bind with what ions?
Calcium
A substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria is classified as a(n)
Disinfectant
When used in arterial formulations eosin, ponceau red, and erythrosine are examples of:
Dyes
When embalming a body, cosmetic restoration is made easier by the use of: Eosin
Eosin
The amount of formaldehyde required to preserve all the protein in a body is referred to as:
Formaldehyde demand
A 40% by volume solution of formaldehyde is called:
Formalin
Quaternary ammonium compounds are used widely as:
Germicides
What is the structural formula of formaldehyde?
H-CHO
All of the following are substances that promote blood clotting EXCEPT:
Heparin
Which of the following fluids should the practitioner use to embalm a body diagnosed with chronic renal failure?
High index
Chemicals that create an increased capability for embalmed tissues to retain their moisture are called:
Humectants
Glycols are used as:
Humectants
More water can be removed from tissues with embalming fluids that are:
Hypertonic solutions
There is massive edema present in the body. The embalming solution should include:
Increased formaldehyde
If the area of body removal is infested with fleas, topical treatment with what is suggested?
Insecticide
Solutions with the same osmotic pressure are
Isotonic
Which of the following are properties of formaldehyde? 1-It is a colorless gas, 2-It is quite soluble in water, 3-It combines with water to form methylene glycol, 4-It is easily oxidized to form acetic acid
It is a colorless gas, It is quite soluble in water, It combines with water to form methylene glycol, 1, 2 and 3 only
Mercuric chloride is a good preservative.
It is prohibited by law
Which of the following is characteristic of a jaundice fluid?
Low formaldehyde content
Reodorants are used in embalming fluids as:
Masking agents
Which of the following would be best suited to neutralize organic amines known as ptomaines?
Methanal
An anti-polymerization agent for HCOH is:
Methanol
Polymerization of formaldehyde is inhibited by the addition of:
Methanol
Polymerization of formaldehyde is inhibited by the addition of:
Methyl alcohol
HCHO may react with water to form:
Methylene glycol
The formula for Magnesium Chloride is:
MgC12
A gram is equivalent to 1000:
Milligrams
Which of the following is true if the body is moderately decomposed?
Needs more HCHO
In comparing arterial fluid, the cavity fluid will have:
No active dyes
The chemical group that makes an alcohol molecule soluble in water and useful to the embalmer is
OH
A common ingredient in an autopsy chemical is:
Paraformaldehyde
Formaldehyde in a dry powdered form is also known as:
Paraformaldehyde
Hypodermically embalming a severed portion of the body would include using all of the following EXCEPT:
Paraformaldehyde
To flush discoloration from the vascular system, inject what type of fluid?
Pre-injection
Phenol is used in embalming fluid as a:
Preservative
Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive, and which will arrest decomposition by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissues into a form much less susceptible to decomposition are called:
Preservatives
Formaldehyde is an ingredient of embalming fluid used to:
Preserve tissue
One of a class of complex nitrogenous compounds that occur naturally in plants and animals and yield amino acids when hydrolyzed are the:
Proteins
Proteolysis refers to decomposition of:
Proteins
An amine produced during putrefaction is:
Putrescine
Extremely hard water should NOT be used in diluting embalming fluid because it:
Results in blood coagulation
To ensure adequate distribution of the embalming chemical, you should observe all of the following EXCEPT:
Skin bruising
To insure adequate distribution of the embalming chemical, you should observe all of the following EXCEPT:
Skin bruising
To facilitate the penetration of preservatives during surface embalming, surface gels may contain:
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Which is NOT a preservative?
Sodium lauryl sulfate
A liquid containing a dissolved substance or substances is a(n):
Solution
Formaldehyde is what type of agent?
Strong reducing
Bleaching of blood discolorations may be done chemically by the use of all the following acids, EXCEPT:
Sulfuric
A substance that is capable of bringing about a reduction in the surface tension of a fluid is a(n):
Surfactant
The component of arterial fluid that is designed to decrease the molecular cohesion at the surface of a liquid is known as a:
Surfactant
Sulfonates are used in mortuary chemicals as:
Surfactants
The disinfection done (after the embalming) of the embalmer, the instruments, equipment, prep room, etc., is known as:
Terminal
Formaldehyde reacts with ammonia to form:
Urotropin
Oxygen is also found in non-metallic oxides which are referred to as
acid anhydrides
Borax is used in embalming fluids to:
adjust pH
Upon hydrolysis, proteins yield:
amino acids
Citrates and oxalates are usually added to embalming fluids to act as:
anticoagulants
The digestion of cells by means of their own enzymes is called:
autolysis
Dissolving ammonia (gas) in water will prepare a(n):
base
Organic chemistry is a study of:
carbon compounds
The shrinking of blood cells in a hypertonic salt solution is called:
crenation
A substance which will pass through the pores of animals and vegetable membranes is:
crystalloids
When a substance readily absorbs appreciable quantities of moisture from the air it is called: deliquescent
deliquescent
Chlorine is a(n):
halogen
The swelling and bursting of blood cells in a hypotonic salt solution is called:
hemolysis
The main constituent of an acid is:
hydrogen
The splitting apart of a compound by water is called:
hydrolysis
A group of atoms functioning as a single atom in a chemical reaction:
molecule
The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher concentration is:
osmosis
A great supporter of combustion is
oxygen
The most abundant element on earth is:
oxygen
A positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom is a(n): proton
proton
A solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is:
unsaturated
Water, when used in embalming fluids, is used as a
vehicle
The important vehicle for an arterial solution is:
water
