4.1 use basic scientific measurements and measurement tools

Volumetric pipettes

* are preferred for high precision work. *calibrated to deliver accurately a fixed volume of a dilute aqueous solution. *best used to measure small amounts of liquid.

Graduated pipettes

* delivers measurements ranging from 0.1 to 25 ml and can easily dispense liquids in small increments *Different Volumes Two Types = Mohr and Serological *Consist of a long tube with a series of graduations or marks to indicate different calibrated volumes.

Mass

*A measure of the amount of matter in an object

analytical balance

*Measures small amounts of materials *Used measure the mass of substances to +/-0.0001 precision. *often called a "lab balance" designed to measure small mass in the sub-milligram range. The measuring pan of an analytical balance (0.1 mg or better) is inside a transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect and so any air currents in the room do not affect the balance's operation

kilogram (kg)

*SI unit for mass *measures mass

SI Unit Prefixes

*Used to change SI units by powers of 10 *Kilo, Hecto, Deka, BASE, deci, centi, milli (acronym) King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

Ampere

*unit of electric current * measures electrical current

volumetric flask

*used for making liquid solutions of precise volumes. * each volumetric flask is calibrated for a single volume *The most accurate way to measure large volumes of liquid.

graduated cylinder

*used to measure the volume of a liquid. * used when measurements does not need to be precise. measures volumes ranging from 10ml to 1000 ml or 1 liter.

The speed of sound

1500 meters per second

Base SI Units (1)

Gram, liters, meter

7 base units

Kilogram, meter, second, mole, kelvin, candela, ampere

Measuring tape

Measures length in inches or centimeters. * inches are divided into 1/16th of an inch and centimeters are divided into millimeters. . measures linear distances

Beams of light or electromagnetic radiation

Measures the distance planets.

Kilo, hecta, deca,

Multiply by 10

Second

SI base unit for time

Kelvin (K)

SI unit for temperature Kelvin = Celsius + 273

International System of Units ( SI Units)

a system of physical units based on the meter, kilogram, second, celcius, and kelvin together with a set of prefixes to indicate multiplication or division by a power of ten * SI units are also used to measure volume.(liter)

dimensional analysis

a technique of problem-solving that uses the units that are part of a measurement to help solve the problem

Convex

curved outward ( downward).

concave

curving inward ( upward)

linear distance

how far across the earth a person, an idea, or a product travels

Meter (M)

instrument for measuring length * Abbreviation M

metric ruler/meter stick

instrument used to measure length . ( si uses the meter end of the ruler)

Triple beam balance

instrument used to measure mass in grams * measures in 1, 10, 100 gram increments.

The SI base units for mass, length and time are

kilogram, meter, second

The SI base unit for volume

liter (L)

Electronic balance

measures mass of an object in grams

Pipettes

measures small amounts of liquids accurately

Distance equals

speed of sound x time

mole (mol)

the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance * measures amount of a substance.

Meniscus

the curve at a liquid's surface by which one measures the volume of the liquid * can be concave, convex or flat depending on the properties of the liquid.

Candela ( cd)

the standard unit of luminous intensity * measures luminous intensity

Sound waves or sonar

Are used to map ocean depths

Length

Distance between two points, measured in meters.

Centi , milli deci

Divide by 10

Volume

The amount of space an object takes up or occupies. * Volumes are measured by using glassware or plasticware.( in liters)

measuring instrument for mass

Triple beam balance and electronic balance.

Surveyor's wheel( measuring wheel)

Used to determine longer or along nonlinear path.

deci (0.1)

Value of prefix= Abbreviation

centi (0.01)

Value of prefix= Abbreviation- cm=centimeter

Hecta (100)

Value of prefix= One hundred/ 100 Abbreviation- hm= hectameter

micro

Value of prefix= One millionth Abbreviation- = micrometer

Kilo (1000)

Value of prefix= One thousand/1000 Abbreviation- km= kilometer

milli (0.001)

Value of prefix= One thousandth Abbreviation- mm= millimeter

Deca( 10)

Value of prefix= Ten Abbreviation- dam= decameter