4.13.F - Quiz: Muscular System Reveiw

The muscle at C.

Extensor hallucis longus m.

Which muscle is shown at A?

External intercostal mm.

What is the anatomical movement when the forearm is positioned with the palms facing up?

supine

What connects muscle to bone?

tendons

Intrinsic back muscles support movement within the vertebral column. They are the deeper muscles in the back that have attachment sites to the spine. Posture and balance depend on these muscles and erect the spine. Hence, superficial erector spinae muscles include the iliocostalis m., longissimus m., and the spinalis m. The intermediate layers underneath the erector spinae muscles are semispinalis m. and multifidus m.

"Intrinsic" means to belong solely to that body part, which in this case would be the back. The deeper intrinsic back muscles can only be seen if all of the superficial muscles are removed. Think of the intrinsic back muscles as the support and foundation to keep the back straight. If you think about these muscles pulling on the skeleton, you can see how the spine would straighten. The back muscles that you see on exercise machines or on muscle posters are extrinsic back muscles. "Extrinsic" means outward, which in this case, the most superficial back layers actually control upper limb movement.

Check all that apply. These muscles can be clearly seen in this image

-External oblique mm. -Rectus abdominis m.

Which muscle is more superficial? The muscle at A or the muscle at B?

A

What is the action for both muscles B and C?

Adducts thigh

Which of these words does NOT describe fast-twitch muscle fibers?

Aerobic

Which of these words does NOT describe slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Anaerobic

Muscles are all over the body and have become a representative system for the covers of many anatomy textbooks. In anatomy, the word "muscle" is used so often that it is abbreviated as m. for "muscle" and mm. for "muscles." So, the deltoid muscle becomes deltoid m. You may see this abbreviation in this course

Anatomical Position: A person is standing upright, facing forward, arms at the side, palms facing forward—this position is used when describing the body parts in relation to one another.

Smooth muscles are found in _____ . Cardiac muscles are found in walls of heart . Skeletal muscles are found in _____

Answer 1:walls of internal organs Answer 2:walls of heart Answer 3:attached to skeleton

Muscles A, B, and C are part of what compartment?

Anterior

Which of these would be distributed over wider area of muscles and across flatter muscles?

Aponeuroses

What is the insertion of the muscle at G?

Base of metacarpals 2 and 3

What muscle is located at letter A?

Biceps femoris m.

The insertion for muscle C.

Big toe

Which muscle is located at G?

Brachioradialis m.

The only intermediate layer in the forearm flexor is the flexor digitorum superficialis m. Where is this muscle located?

C.

This muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Diaphragm

The wrist joint is ____ to the elbow joint.

Distal

What type of action involves pulling the foot towards the leg?

Dorsiflexion

When you raise your toes towards your face, the movement in the leg is called:

Dorsiflexion

What is the action of the muscle at letter B?

Elevates ribs, protracts scapula

Both muscles A and B have this action

Elevates the scapula

When you move your right foot out to the right side, the movement in the leg is called:

Eversion

The action for muscle C.

Extends big toe and dorsiflexes the foot

What is the action of the muscle at C?

Extends finger 5

What is the action of the triceps brachii m.?

Extends forearm

Which muscle is located at I?

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m.

What muscle is located at H?

Extensor carpi radialis longus m.

The muscle at B.

Extensor digitorum longus m.

Which muscle is located at J?

Extensor digitorum m.

Which muscle is at A?

External oblique m.

Which of these has the appearance of a spider's web? (Fascial muscles are also attached to this.)

Fascia

Which muscle is labeled B?

Fibularis brevis m.

What is the action of the muscle at D?

Flexing vertebral column

Check all that apply. Functions for muscles include:

Generating heat Movement Maintaining posture

Which superficial muscle has been removed on the left side of the body in this image?

Gluteus maximus m.

Which muscle is located at letter A?

Gracilis m.

What is the origin of the muscle at H?

Humerus (medial elbow)

Which muscle is shown at A?

Iliocostalis m.

Check all that apply. Which muscles can be clearly seen in this image?

Internal intercostal mm.

Which muscle is shown at B?

Internal intercostal mm.

Check all that apply. Which muscles are more superficial than C?

Internal oblique m. External oblique m.

The most common ankle injury is when you "roll the ankle." The sole of the foot moves inward. What kind of movement is this?

Inversion

What type of action involves tilting the sole inward?

Inversion

Check all that apply. These movements occur within the muscles of the leg.

Inversion Dorsiflexion Eversion Plantarflexion

P is the tendon of which muscle?

K

What compartment do muscles A and B belong to?

Lateral

Which muscle is at letter M?

Levator scapulae m.

What is muscle B's insertion?

Linea alba, ribs

Check all that apply. Which statements apply to the extensor carpi ulnaris m.?

Located on the posterior forearm Origin: Humerus and ulna Insertion: Base of hand Action: Extends and adducts hand

Which muscle is shown at B?

Longissimus m.

The erector spinae group are the strongest back muscles, as they are responsible for posture and overall stabilization of the entire body. Three superficial epaxial muscles, also known as the erector spinae, from lateral to medial are the iliocostalis m., longissimus m., and the spinalis m.

Most laterally located of the erector spinae group is the iliocostalis m. Origin: Pelvis, spine, and a common tendon for the erector spinae group Insertion: Ribs and lower neck Action: Extends vertebral column and head The largest of the three muscles of the erector spinae group is the longissimus m. Origin: Pelvis, spine, and a common tendon for the erector spinae group Insertion: Ribs, spine, skull Action: Extends vertebral column and head

The most medial and smallest muscle of the group is the spinalis m. Origin: Pelvis, spine, and a common tendon for the erector spinae group Insertion: Spine and skull Action: Extends vertebral column and head

Moving internal to the three superficial epaxial muscles are the intermediate epaxial muscles, semispinalis m., and multifidus m. The semispinalis m. is superficial to the multifidus m. It has a broader span than the multifidus m. Origin: Upper regions of the spine Insertion: Several vertebrae higher or to the skull Action: Extend neck and head The multifidus m. is located underneath the semispinalis m. Origin: Entire length of the spine Insertion: Attaches a few vertebrae higher Action: Extends vertebral column

In the diagram below, identify the structure at E.

Myofibril

Which muscle is located at F?

Palmaris longus m.

Check all that apply. Which of these muscles are wrist and finger flexors?

Palmaris longus m. Pronator teres m. Flexor carpi radialis m. Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

What is the insertion for muscles A, B, and C?

Patella

When you tiptoe, the movement in the leg is called:

Plantar flexion

What type of action involves pulling the foot downward, away from the leg?

Plantarflexion

If you are playing the piano, what position is your forearm in?

Pronation

The muscle at E.

Pronator quadratus m.

Which muscle is located at A?

Pronator teres m.

If you hug someone, what kind of action is this?

Protracting scapula

Check all that apply. Which muscles are visible in this image?

Psoas major m. Iliacus m.

Which muscle is shown at B?

Rhomboideus m.

External intercostal mm. origin and insertion?

Ribs

Which side of the body has a superficial view of the muscles?

Right

Which muscle is shown in the image?

Serratus anterior m.

Which one of these muscle types is voluntary?

Skeletal muscle

These are all golden rules of skeletal muscle activity EXCEPT:

Skeletal muscles can only push.

Which muscle is shown at C?

Spinalis m.

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 muscle types?

Straight

Bone surface markings, muscle movements, anatomical positions, directional terms, and relative positions of other anatomical structures are used to study and describe the muscles' structure and function. Each muscle will have an "origin" and "insertion" which describe where the muscle attaches. The origin is the site that does not move during muscle contraction, whereas the insertion is the site that moves during muscle contraction.

Superficial Epaxial Muscles The splenius m. is the first muscle along the back of the neck that extends the neck and head. Origin: Upper spine Insertion: Posterior skull Action: Extends head and neck

If you are holding soup, what position is your forearm in?

Supination

The pull exerted by a muscle is referred to as what?

Tension

Which muscle is at letter E?

Teres major m.

The insertion of the muscle at D

Thumb

Check all that apply. These muscles can be seen in the image below

Trapezius m. Latissimus dorsi m.

Check all that apply. On the anatomical right side of the body, which muscles were removed to show the deeper muscle layers?

Trapezius m. Latissimus m.

Muscles A, B, and C's functions are to extend the vertebral column, supporting posture.

True

The pectoralis minor m. and the serratus anterior m. are both involved in the protraction of the scapula.

True

Which muscle is located at letter C?

Vastus lateralis m.

What muscle is located at letter B?

Vastus medius m.

What is the function of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles in the back? Please respond in 1-2 complete sentences using your best grammar.

WRITE IN YOUR OWN WORDS- Intrinsic muscles in the back function are to support the movement within the vertebral column. Extrinsic muscle's function is to control the movement of the upper limbs.

How many compartments are in the leg group and what are their names?

Write in your own words- 4 compartments are found in the leg group. They are the anterior compartment, the posterior compartment, and the lateral compartment.

When actin and myosin are interlaced with each other and slide over each other, this is known as the sliding ______ model of contraction.

filament

The extensor pollicis indicis m. extends the _____ finger.

index

The thorax is considered in what region of the body?

neck and the abdomen

What is the official name of the "6-pack abs"? (Leave out the word "muscle." You must spell correctly.)

rectus abdominis