4.2 Notes

What is the geopolitical theory #2 called?

"The Rimland Theory"

What is a colony?

- A colony is a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being completely independent.

Following independence from the French, what happened with the relationship between them and their colonies? Name an example?

- After independence, many colonies retain relationship with France - ex. Algeria

What were some colonial practices of Belgium? Give an example?

- Belgium takes advantage and exploits the people and resources of its colonies. - ex. Congo

When did the Colonial era begin?

- Colonial era begins in the 1400's when European countries expand into Western Hemisphere.

What is colonialism?

- Colonialism refers to the efforts by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles on such territory.

After the colonies reach independence from the British, what happens in terms of their transition? What happens with the legacy of British rule?

- Colonies make peaceful transition after independence - Legacy of British rule still felt in many areas

What are the four factors of "The Rimland Theory"

- Eurasian rim held the key to global power - Who controls the Rimland rules Eurasia - Who rules Eurasia controls the destinies of the world - Today...a multi-polar world is developing (Russia, China, Europe, and the United States)

After the U.S. and most of Latin America became independent, what do European countries have to do?

- European countries must turn attention elsewhere

What were some colonial practices of the French?

- French attempted to assimilate its colonies into French culture AND to educate and elite group to provide local-level administrative leadership.

What is the geopolitical theory #2 called?

- Mackinder's "Heartland Theory"

What are the 3 major motives for colonial efforts?

- Missionaries promote Christianity (God) - Colonies provide resources to help European states (Gold) - Colonies seen as an indicator of relative power (Glory)

What is a general example of decolonization following WW2?

- Most African and Asian colonies become independent after World War II.

What are other countries (7) that also participated in imperialism? (hint: all European countries)

- Portugal, Spain, Germany, Italy, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Belgium also participate.

What is the geopolitical theory #1 called?

- Ratzel's Organic Theory

What is decolonization?

- Refers to the undoing of colonialism and involves the establishment of government, economic, and social systems dominated by local peoples.

What are the five factors of Ratzel's Organic Theory?

- State is a biological organism - States have a life-cycle(birth→death) - States require nourishment (Acquisition (purchase) of territory + Overseas domains needed) - SPACE is the essential, life-giving force! - Origins of "geo-politics"

How did decolonization impact the number of African and Asian state members?

- The undoing of colonialism and process of independence increased the number of African and Asian state members from only 15 in 1945 when formed to 106 today.

What two areas (one is a country and the other is a general region) turned independent after being a colony of certain European countries? When did they reach independence.

- US independence in 1776 - Most of Latin America independent 1800-1824

What are the five factors of Mackinder's "Heartland Theory?"

- Who rules East Europe commands the heartland. - Who rules the heartland commands the world island. - Who rules the world island commands the world. - A land-based power will rule the world. - Theory gains attention with the rise of the USSR.

What were some colonial practices of the British?

British created different government structures and policies for various territories of their empire (decentralized method).

What colonialization serves as an example of imperialism during the 19th and early 20th century?

European colonization of Africa and Asia during the 19th and early 20th century is an example of imperialism.

True or False: Treatment of colonies do not vary by country

False

What is another example of colonial empire that engaged in the concept of imperialism? What areas did the empire take over?

France establishes the 2nd largest overseas empire: - West Africa and Southeast Asia

What is imperialism?

Imperialism refers to the control of a territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society, whereas colonialism is control of previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited lands.

What is an example of colonial empire that engaged in the concept of imperialism? What areas did the empire take over? What was their phase (about the sun)?

United Kingdom establishes the largest colonial empire: - Eastern and Southern Africa, South Asia, Middle East, Australia and Canada - "Sun never set..."