4.2 Windows Basics

Multitasking types

-Cooperative multitasking -Preemptive multitasking

Resilient file system (ReFS) 10

A Pro Workstation Feature. -Fault-tolerant storage -Auto-correcting -Cloud-based

Domain Access

Accessing a domain through a domain account is a good option for large networks. Function: You can divide users who have the same privileges and access rights into groups. Control is through a domain controller.A domain controller is a server that handles authentication requests and enforces security policies.Domain controllers store user account information in a centralized storage database. You can use domains to securely transfer or share data. You can use domains to manage computers within the domain network. Changes made in the domain are automatically applied to all computers within the domain. Computers on local networks can be part of the same domain. Logging on to the domain gives access to all the domain resources.

Start menu

At the top is a search field you can use to search for a known application. Below the search field are apps pinned for quick access. -You can customize the order of the pinned apps. -You can add and remove pinned apps from the Start menu. In the top right corner, you can select All apps to list all applications on the computer in alphabetical order. You can right-click an app in the list and pin or unpin it to the start menu. You can uninstall apps from the Start menu. You can change account settings, switch users, or lock the desktop from the profile section of the Start menu. Power options and advanced features are available in the bottom right corner. Right-click the Start button to access the advanced features for OS management.

User interface customization

Background Colors Themes Transparency effects Taskbar items and location Start menu items Fonts

BitLocker

BitLocker is Microsoft's whole disk encryption feature. It: Is available on Pro and Enterprise editions. Creates a recovery key that is used to access the encrypted hard drive. Is designed to protect computers if lost or stolen. Primarily uses a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) as part of the encryption process. -TPM is a hardware chip often installed on newer computers by the manufacturer.TPM is a crypto-processor that creates and stores cryptographic keys. -TPM is used for authentication. Allows you to encrypt entire disk or just the data. -Encrypting just the data is a faster process. -Encrypting the entire hard drive is more secure.

Interface Types

Command Line and Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Windows Interface Components

Desktop, Start menu, Taskbar, Settings app, Virtual desktop, Widgets, and Chat

Management and Security features

Domain access, Workgroup, Group Policy Editor(gpedit.msc), BitLocker

Windows 10 Editions

Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Enterprise

Windows 11 editions

Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Enterprise

SetupDiag Diagnostic Tool

If an in-place upgrade fails, you can use the SetupDiag diagnostic tool to determine the cause of the failure. You can run the tool on the computer that failed the upgrade, or in an offline mode on another computer using logs exported from the computer that failed to upgrade.

Pro for Workstations 10

Intended for business professionals whose work requires high-end hardware for intense computing, with fast data processing and large storage capacity. Features: Resilient file system (ReFS) Persistent memory SMB Direct Capacity to use Intel Xeon or AMD Opteron Capacity of up to 4 CPUs Capacity of up to 6 TB of memory

Pro for Workstations 11

Intended for business professionals whose work requires high-end hardware for intense computing, with fast data processing and large storage capacity. Features: Resilient file system (ReFS) Persistent memory SMB Direct Capacity to use Intel Xeon or AMD Opteron Capacity of up to 4 CPUs Capacity of up to 6 TB of memory

Pro 11

Intended for business professionals. Edition: BitLocker device encryption Windows Information Protection (WIP) Assigned Access Dynamic Provisioning Windows Update for Business Support for Active Directory and Azure Active Directory Mobile device management Group Policy Microsoft Store for Business Enterprise State Roaming with Azure Kiosk mode setup Hyper-V

Pro 10

Intended for business professionals. Offers all Home edition features plus: -BitLocker device encryption -Windows Information Protection (WIP) -Mobile device managementWindows update for business -Microsoft Store for Business -Support for Active Directory and Azure Active Directory -Group Policy -Assigned AccessDynamic provisioning -Enterprise State Roaming with Azure -Hyper-V

Home 11

Intended for home use. Offers Windows 11 most basic features. Fundamental Features: Snap layouts Desktops—for grouping and easily changing desktop groups Microsoft Teams—for communicating with others through chats and video conferencing Widgets—accessible from taskbar and customizable Enhanced gaming features Microsoft Edge Microsoft Store Touch, Pen, and Voice features ----------------- Security Features: Device encryption Find my device Firewall and network protection Internet protection Secure Boot Windows Security Windows Hello Parental controls

Enterprise 10

Intended for large organizations that have IT professionals managing the systems. Requires a volume licensing agreement. Features: Credential Guard Application Guard Application Control Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) Device Guard Direct Access User Experience Control Microsoft Application Virtualization (App-V) Microsoft User Environment Virtualization (UE-V)

Enterprise 11

Intended for large organizations who have IT professionals managing the systems. Requires a licensing agreement. Is part of Microsoft 365 Enterprise. Features: Credential Guard Application Guard Application Control Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) Device Guard Direct Access User Experience Control Microsoft Application Virtualization (App-V) Microsoft User Environment Virtualization (UE-V) -Windows Enterprise E3 -Windows Enterprise E5 -Windows Enterprise E3 in Microsoft 365 F3

OS Components

Kernel, Driver, Interface, Utilities, and Application

ONLY Win 10 Features not in win 11

People—contacts can no longer be pinned to the taskbar Skype—no longer standard with Windows OS Timeline—no longer able to resume activities and files from a previous session Cortana—no longer enabled by default, but can be enabled if desired Internet Explorer—removed; Windows 11 uses Microsoft Edge S mode—now available only in Home edition Tablet mode—removed Wallet—removed

Random access memory (RAM) limitations

RAM processes data in use. Having adequate RAM for each device is very important; having the right edition of Windows to support it is important as well. Each edition of Windows has its own RAM support limitations. Home edition supports up to 128 GB of RAM. Pro edition supports up to 2 TB of RAM. Pro for Workstations edition supports up to 6 TB of RAM. Enterprise editions support up to 6 TB of RAM.

Remote Desktop Protocol (RPD)

RDP is a Microsoft protocol that allows remote access to a Windows machine. It: -Is available on all editions except the Home edition of Windows. -Allows a remote user to see and manipulate the machine through an encrypted exchange. -Can expose the machine to cyber attacks. It's a best practice to implement additional security protocols when enabling RDP.

Installation Assistant

Sign in with admin privileges. Disable third party antivirus software. Perform a backup of data. (Even though no user data should be lost, backing up data is always a best practice). Unplug all peripheral devices except the mouse and keyboard. Plug into an Ethernet cable or a LAN cable (if possible) to ensure connectivity to the internet throughout the upgrade process. Go to the Microsoft site and download the PC Health Check app. Go to Microsoft website's Software Download page and click Download Windows 11 Installation Assistant. Run the PC Health Check app. If needed, make the required changes so that the computer is compatible with Windows 11. Run the Windows 11 Installation Assistant and select Accept and install. When the installation is complete, the computer will automatically restart in 30 minutes, unless you select Restart Later. Restart the computer.

Group Policy Editor(gpedit.msc)

The Group Policy Editor is a graphical snap-in for Windows settings stored in the registry. It: Provides a simplified GUI for changing settings in the registry. Contains more than 3,000 Windows settings to choose from. Allows you to centrally configure and enforce settings on all computers in an Active Directory network. Uses the domain controller to implement the settings in an Active Directory network. Can also be used on a small scale for enforcement of restrictions or to run specific scripts at specified times.

System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) Task Sequence

The method is an option if you are currently manually deploying operating systems and managing software updates through the Configuration Manager. installation steps: Import or add Windows 11 upgrade package into SCCM.Open the SCCM console.Go to Software Library > Operating Systems > Operating System Upgrade Packages.Right-click Operating System Upgrade Packages.Click Add Operating System Upgrade Packages. On the Data Source window, select Browse. Select the Windows 11 setup file folder path. Click the boxes to accept the terms. Click Next. Select the General window. Name the upgrade package: Windows 11 Upgrade. Click Next. Click Next again on Summary window. Click Close on the Completion window.

ISO Installation Media

This method performs the in-place upgrade from an ISO file containing the Windows 11 installation files. You download the ISO file from the Microsoft site.The advantage of using this method is that the upgrade performs more quickly from the downloaded file. This is very advantageous if you are upgrading several computers, since you need to download the software only once. It also gives you the ability to upgrade a system that does not have access to the internet or the connection to the internet is very slow. To perform the in-place upgrade, the system to be upgraded must be powered on, running Windows, and have access to the Windows 11 ISO file. by:Copy the Windows 11 ISO media to a Windows 10 machine. And Copy the Windows 11 ISO to a bootable installation media such as a USB flash drive or DVD.

In-place Upgrade to Fix Corrupted System Files

This process replaces any corrupted system files without losing the user data or applications. It is always a best practice to regularly backup data. It is also a good idea to perform a backup before implementing any upgrade, including an in-place upgrade even though the data should remain intact.

Windows Update

This works when upgrading from an older version of Windows to a newer version, such as Windows 10 to Windows 11. You cannot use Windows Update if there are multiple versions released between the current OS and the desired upgrade. For example, you cannot upgrade to Windows 11 from Windows 7. To use this method, go to Settings > Updates and Security > Check for updates. If the update is available, click Download and install

User Features

User interface customization, Random access memory (RAM) limitations, Remote Desktop Protocol (RPD)

Home 10

Windows 10 Home: Intended for home use. Offers the most basic features. Includes safety features: Device encryption Firewall and network protections Windows Defender antivirus Windows Hello authentication Secure Boot Internet protection Parental controls

In-place Upgrade Installation Methods Types

Windows Update, Installation Assistant, ISO Installation Media, and System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) Task Sequence

In-place Upgrade Installation Methods

With a clean install you must externally save all user data and reinstall it after the OS installation. Also, you must reinstall all applications after a clean install.

Workgroup

Workgroup accounts are for small networks on a local network. Function: All computers are peers to each other. There isn't a central administrator. Each device has its own storage. The user manages the device. A user must have an account on the device to log on to it. Workgroups allow users to share files, printers, and local network resources. Workgroups usually consist of twenty or fewer computers.

Virtual desktop

a feature that allows you to create multiple desktops for organizing applications.. Function: Can be toggled from one to another from the taskbar. Allow you to run multiple programs separately on different virtual desktops. Allow each desktop to have a unique background to help distinguish it.

Application

a subclass computer program designed for end users.

Driver

a type of computer program that enables the operating system to interact with hardware devices.

Interface

allows the user to interact with the kernel and the utilities.

Settings app

an easily navigable application used to configure the Windows operating system. Function: Has a search bar at the top for quick location of a desired setting. Retains a category list on the left side of the page regardless of the page selected. Displays breadcrumb navigation at the top when accessing categories. Has updated visual icons. Control Panel: Advance sharing settings (Network discovery, public folder sharing, and file and printer sharing). Advanced network settings. Printers & Scanners pages. Entry points for network and device settings.

Command Line

execute commands through instructions written into a command line. Examples of command line-based interfaces are MS-DOS and aspects of Linux.

Graphical user interface (GUI)

executes commands when the user clicks on graphics and symbols. Windows is an example of graphical user interface.

Utilities

features or programs included with an operating system that perform system-related tasks. -Common Windows utilities include the Settings, Disk Management, and Computer Management. -Common Linux utilities are cd, cp, grep, and Is.

Preemptive multitasking

forces applications to share the CPU.

Chat

on the taskbar syncs contacts on Windows or from a mobile device to Microsoft Teams. It allows the user to make video calls or chat with contacts through a Microsoft account.

Cooperative multitasking

requires multiple processes to work together for the operating system to work effectively.

Multitasking

run multiple applications simultaneously.

Operating System

set of programs that act as an interface between the applications that are running on a computer and the computer's hardware.

Multithreading

the ability to run multiple parts of an application simultaneously.

Multiprocessing

the ability to use multiple central processing units (CPUs) in a single system.

Taskbar

the bar at the bottom of a Windows desktop Function: Allows you to move it to the left or leave it centered on the screen. Displays the icons of apps currently running or pinned to the taskbar. You can:Access a running app by clicking the app's icon.Launch a pinned app by clicking the app's icon. Can be hidden.

Kernel

the core of the operating system. It is loaded into memory when the system boots. -It controls security, manages the file system, and provides a platform for applications to run. -The user rarely interacts directly with the kernel.

Widgets

the taskbar is an update from the Windows 10 News and Interests panel. Permits: Local weather. Trending news. Options to add more widgets such as to do lists or Outlook calendar. Options to personalize news feed and interests. An option to remove it from the taskbar.

Desktop

the working surface that contains icons you can use to access programs, files, applications, and file systems. The desktop is what you see when all programs and open folders are minimized. Installing an application often adds an icon to the desktop.