421 Chp 7 and 8

The choice of whether to communicate orally or in writing, publicly or privately, and so on is primarily dependent on _________.

the purpose of the communication

Abilene Paradox

the tendency of people to resist voicing their true thoughts or feelings in order to please others and avoid conflict

Identify a person who is most likely to engage in passive listening.

thinking about how bored you are during the speech

True or False: Assertive people seek their objectives even when faced with another person's objections.

true

True or false: Competency-based 360-degree questionnaires are currently the most prevalent 360-degree feedback process that can be found in organizations.

true

True or false: Credible leadership can reduce turnover in an organization.

true

Steps in 360 degree feedback

-ID behaviors to be good at particular level -build questionaires -give out the questionaires -generate feedback

In the context of 360-degree feedback processes found in organizations, identify the true statements about the verbal 360-degree technique in comparison with the leadership versatility approach.

-It provides very detailed and context-specific information on what leaders need to keep doing, do more of, and change in order to be more effective. -It tends to be used more with senior leaders because of the time and expense involved.

In the context of building expertise, what should leadership practitioners do to build technical competence? (Check all that apply.)

-They must determine how their jobs contribute to the overall mission of their company. -They must become an expert in their jobs through formal training or teaching others and seek opportunities to broaden their technical expertise.

Who among the following are most likely to engage in passive listening? (Check all that apply.)

-those who think about the next thing they are about to tell the speaker -those who seldom focuses on understanding a speaker

Who among the following are most likely to listen to a speaker actively? (Check all that apply.)

-tries to put the speakers message in their own words -scanning for the various nonverbal signs

evaluation listening skill

How well listeners can paraphrase a sender's message

Assertive people are clear in their own minds and with others about what they believe and what they want. One of the easiest ways to do this is to use the pronoun "_____" when you speak.

I

Which of the following is not a use of the Leadership Pipeline model? Identifying a cadre of upcoming leaders Identifying what leaders should be focusing on Highlighting the types of behaviors that leaders need to exhibit at different organizational levels Explaining where leaders need to spend their time

Identifying a cadre of upcoming leaders

Based on the systems view of communication, identify a true statement about feedback concerning whether a message was understood by a receiver.

It is an outcome of the previous steps in the communication process.

Building organizational or industry knowledge

It is hard to take a hands-on approach to development in comparison with the other component.

Building technical competence

It often takes more of a hands-on approach to development than the other component.

Leadership versatility approach

Superiors, peers, and direct reports provide ratings on the extent to which target individuals demonstrate strategic, operations, enabling, or forcing leadership behavior

The text defines the process of building a team of volunteers to accomplish some important community outcome as

community leaderhsip

According to the text, organizing a campaign to stop the construction of a Walmart store is an example of

community leadership

According to the Ohio State studies, ________________refers to how friendly and supportive a leader is to subordinates.

consideration

In contrast to researchers at the University of Michigan, researchers at Ohio State believed that _____.

consideration and initiating structure were independent continua

Research on 360-degree feedback in organizations shows that emotions are contagious, which means that someone hanging out with a friend who is despondent, mad, or elated is much more likely to exhibit the same emotions. This is known as the

contagion effect

Leaders who believe that thoughtful attention to the needs of the people for satisfying relationships leads to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo have which type of leadership style?

country club managment

The ability to engender trust in others refers to

credibility

Good leaders check to see whether a delegated task was accomplished in a satisfactory manner.

criteria

The ____ component of assertiveness skills is concerned with situations in which individuals successfully stand up for their own rights and continually work in an effective way with others.

evaluative

Which of the following building blocks of leader behavior is/are easiest to change?

experiance

True or false: A manager's self-appraisal is the most accurate source of information regarding leadership strengths and weaknesses.

false

True or false: Competency models are typically the same across organizations, especially those within a particular industry.

false

True or false: Nonverbal responses from followers are not an effective means for a leader to assess the effectiveness of two-way communications.

false

Concern for people and concern for production are the two dimensions of the

leadership grid

The leadership behavior model that provides a type of road map for people wanting to occupy that top leadership positions in an organization is called the

leadership pipeline

Another term for 360 degree feedback is

multirater

Verbal 360-degree technique

10-15 superiors, peers, and direct reports are asked to share a target individual's strengths and areas of improvement as a leader in phone or face-to-face interviews

Communicating and building relationships with others refer to ______ skills.

interpersonal

Good leaders understand when and to whom a particular task should be delegated.

knowledge

According to the University of Michigan studies, behaviors where the leader shows concern for subordinates refers to

leader support

True or false: Knowing purpose can clarify the best method of communication.

true

Active listening is a ______-way process.

two

Leaders in the ___ quadrant of the credibility matrix could be new college hires or people joining the company from an entirely different industry.

3rd

Paraphrasing the sender's message is part of which way to improve active listening skills?

Actively interpret the sender's message.

True or false: Leadership behaviors are a function of intelligence, personality traits, emotional intelligence, values, attitudes, interests, knowledge, and experience.

true

Clarifying and communicating your values and building relationships with others comprise the process of building

trust

If an individual wants to be perceived as being assertive, the individual should

use first person pronouns

The degree to which someone tells others something and ensures that they understand what was said refers to communication

effectivness

The question 'what medium?' is concerned with the _____ part of the communication system.

expression

Focusing on getting results through personal proficiency is appropriate at which level of the Leadership Pipeline?

individual contributer

In the context of the contagion effect, research on 360-degree feedback in organizations shows that _____.

individuals who work for superiors receiving above-average ratings from others are likely to receive above-average ratings themselves

How much a leader emphasizes meeting work goals and accomplishing tasks is referred to as

initiating structure

four major categories identified by Hogan and Warrenfelz that comprise most competency models?

interpersonal, intrapersonal, business, and followership skills

The question 'was it understood?' is concerned with the _____ part of the communication system.

interpretation

Which of the following is not a good way to actively interpret the sender's message?

interrupt to make a point

Leadership competencies and behaviors having to do with adapting to stress, goal orientation, and adhering to rules refer to

intrapersonal skills

Constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be important are called

values

Leaders should call a meeting

when benefits outweigh the costs

Oral communication is most effective in which situation?

when it needs to be personal

Which of the following issues related to gender and 360 degree feedback is not true? Men are generally considered to have greater advancement potential than women. Women get generally higher rating on most skills as compared to men. Men have less accurate self-insight as compared to women. Women are higher self-raters than men.

women are higher self raters than men

Which of the following are guidelines one should follow as part of the first step in solving a problem in organizational settings?

-The statement of the problem should not imply any particular solution to be the correct one. -Scapegoating or blaming individuals or groups for the problem should be avoided.

stress management requires leaders to:

-develop a plan to minimize -monitor their own levels -id the root of the stress

In which type of an organization is creativity likely to be more difficult?

An organization that is highly bureaucratic

When should leaders provide pertinent materials to meeting participants?

in advance of the meeting

Problem solving steps

1. Defining the problem and the desired outcome 2. Analyzing and understanding the nature of the problem 3. Generating alternatives 4. Selecting desired alternatives (decision making) 5. Planning and implementing the alternative 6. Evaluating and gathering feedback about the attained outcome

How many people should participate in a brainstorming group?

5-7

Which of the following is true about solutions in problem solving?

A solution's continuing impact must be determined.

Force Field Analysis

A technique for determining which forces drive a proposed change and which forces restrain it.

Elizabeth needs extra help on an upcoming project. Which of the following is the best way to request the extra help from her boss?

By stating that the task requires two people to complete in the required time

Which of the following can make a meeting more successful?

Providing interim summaries of the group's discussion.

Identify a true statement about group members with similar experiences, values, and preferences compared to the members of more diverse groups.

They are less likely to develop a vast variety of solutions to a problem.

nomial group technique

a decision-making method that begins and ends by having group members quietly write down and evaluate ideas to be shared with the group

Self-talk that is positive and affirming is associated with individuals who display _______ behavior.

assertive

Good record keeping is important for all of the following reasons except

avoiding future meetings

To determine whether a meeting is necessary, leaders should do all of the following except

be sure the costs outweigh the benefits

The A-B-C Model breaks stressful events into a sequence including all of the following except

external symptoms

True or False: the causes of stress are obvious

false

True or false: If you trust your memory, it is usually not necessary to take minutes at meetings as long as you summarize the meeting shortly after it is finished,

false

True or false: Individuals with relatively complex self-concepts are more prone to common stress-related complaints.

false

True or false: Leaders should be ready to throw their meeting agendas out if a good creative discussion emerges.

false

True or false: Listing objectives for a meeting is usually not necessary.

false

True or false: Quieter people should not be encouraged to speak up if they prefer to remain in the background.

false

True or false: stress always has a negative effect on people

false

Which of the following depicts opposing forces that tend to perpetuate a present state of affairs?

force field analysis

The best way to select a solution is ____________

on the basis of established criteria

To make a meeting more effective, it is advisable for a leader to _____.

provide other participants with pertinent reports or support material much before the meeting

Which of the following is not a good way for a leader to use her power to enhance creativity?

punish mistakes

In an organizational context, the first step in solving a problem is to _____.

state the problem so that every person involved in developing a solution has an informed and common appreciation and understanding of the task

Priority of the meeting

sticking to the agenda

A-B-C model

the construct stating that one's problems do not originate from events but from the beliefs one holds about those events. Changing one's beliefs is the best way to change negative feelings

When choosing a time and place for a meeting, leaders should focus on

the most convenient for all coming

Stress

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

functional fixedness

the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving

Which of the following is not true of assertive individuals?

they are loud and angry

Which of the following is not a source of information in a 360 degree feedback review? Indirect reports Boss Self Peers

indirect reports

Which of the following statements on 360 degree feedback in organizations is not true?

360 degree feedback systems are designed to make comparisons between people.

a leadership skill

Consists of three components, which include a well-defined body of knowledge, a set of related behaviors, and clear criteria of competent performance

Which of the following is not true of defensive behavior and effective listening?

Defensive behavior can increase followers' subsequent willingness to pass additional unpleasant information to the leader.

competency models

describe the behaviors and skills needed for organizational success.

Which of the following is not true of attending to the sender's nonverbal behavior?

nonverbal behavior always reinforces verbal behavior

Which of the following is not a benefit of having a credible leader?

Employees are more likely to leave the company over the next two years.

True or false: One can be an effective listener even if one does not pay attention to a speaker's nonverbal signals.

false

The phrase 'yes, but....' is associated with which of the four ways to improve active listening skills?

Avoiding becoming defensive.

Which of the following is not a good to way to speak up for what you need?

Be indirect about what you need.

a leadership behavior

Concerns a specific action, such as "setting specific performance goals for team members"

In which country is 360 degree feedback unlikely to be effective?

Japan

knowledge listening skill

Knowing what nonverbal signals to send and correctly interpreting the sender's signals

Early research on leader behavior at Ohio State University was completed using a questionnaire called the ____________________Description Questionnaire.

Leader Behavior

According to the University of Michigan studies, which of the following are employee-centered dimensions of leadership behavior?

Leader support and interaction facilitation

Which of the following is not true of leaders with high levels of credibility?

They do not encourage ethical discussions of work issues.

In the context of building expertise, what should leadership practitioners do to build technical competence?

They must become an expert in their jobs through formal training or teaching others and seek opportunities to broaden their technical expertise. They must determine how their jobs contribute to the overall mission of their company.

Informal, personal communications are enhanced in which of the following situations?

When two people sit at a 90-degree angle and are relatively close to each other

Avoiding interpersonal conflict entirely by giving up or giving in or by expressing your needs in an apologetic, self-effacing way refers to ______.

acquiescence

Which of the following is not descriptive of self-talk of people who are nonassertive?

affirming

______ is an effort to attain objectives by attacking or hurting others.

aggression

Individuals with ____________behavior are able to stand up for their own rights in a way that recognizes the concurrent right of others to do the same.

assertive

The behavioral opposite of both acquiescence and aggression is

assertiveness

Research at the University of Michigan assumes that job-centered and employee-centered behaviors are

at opposite ends of a single continuum of leadership behavior.

Ellie needs to refuse a request by a subordinate. She should

be up front and offer suggestions about what could work instead.

Good leaders effectively communicate their expectations concerning a delegated task.

behavior

Which component of community leadership involves the development and maintenance of relationships that allow people to work together in the community across their differences refers to building

building social capital

Leaders should provide a common _____ before introducing new materials

frame of refernce

Helping a group or community recognize and define its opportunities and issues in ways that result in effective action refers to

framing

At which organizational level would an individual need allocate capital to maximize business success?

group manager

Which listener is demonstrating active listening skills?

has established eye contact with the speaker

According to the Leadership Grid, the most effective leaders have a _____ concern for people and a ____ concern for production.

high,high

Research on 360 degree feedback shows that the least effective leaders had _____ self ratings and ____ ratings of others.

high,low

Which of the following is not part of the systems view of communication?

identification

All of the following are ways for leaders to actively ensure that their messages are being understood except _____.

ignoring nonverbal cues from followers

Which type of leadership style suggests that exertion of minimal effort to get required work done is appropriate to sustain organization management?

impoverished management

Which of the following is not an effective way to enhance the clarity of a communication?

include organizational jargon

Which method of research was central to the early research on leader behavior at Ohio State University?

questionnaires

The question 'was it heard?' is concerned with the _____ part of the communication system.

reception

Individuals in the _____ quadrant of the credibility matrix could include leaders who have spent little time with followers, who fail to follow through with commitments, or leaders who are new to the organization and have had little time to build relationships.

second

behavior listening skill

senders nonverbal signals

Which of the following was not one of the four categories of leadership behaviors identified in the University of Michigan studies?

subordinate control