448T exam 1 study guide

Bud Selig

-MLB commissioner est 98' -introduced the idea of interleague play. -criticized for overlooking the PED issue. -signed the MLB's first billion dollar television contract.

Negro Leagues

-Major League Baseball had no written rule to prevent racial integration. -The Cuban Giants were the first Negro League team. The team played in the Middle States League, which was a racially integrated team. -

John L. Sullivan

-Most famous athlete of the 19th century, who was a heavyweight boxer. -was the first athlete to earn a $1 million dollars. -The national press covered Sullivan's fights. -the last bare knuckled champion -preferred using gloves

Josh Gibson

-Name the player from the Negro baseball league who was known as the "Black Babe Ruth." -the greatest home run hitter in the Negro Leagues

NHL

-Seattle will be the newest NHL franchise. -The Board of Governors makes rulings on rules changes, team relocation/sales/purchases, salary cap, etc. -The average value of an NHL team is about $667 million dollars currently. -no soft cap

Sugar Ray Leonard

-Sugar Ray Leonard won a boxing title in five different weight divisions -Sugar Ray Leonard was the first fighter to earn $100 million dollars; because, he was able to take advantage of gate and pay-per-view revenue. -Sugar Ray Leonard defeated Wilfred Benitez to win the welterweight title to win his first title -lost to duran 1

Jeff Blatnick

- former gold medalist in wrestling prior to becoming the UFC Commissioner. -credited with getting MMA fights sanctioned by more states -met with cable systems in order to remove the negative stigma of the MMA

Henry Chadwick

-English-American sportswriter, baseball statistician and historian, often called the "Father of Baseball" -developed the box score. The box score played a critical role in the popularity of baseball -edited the first baseball guide that included baseball statistics and player statistics.

Satchel Paige

-Famous African American baseball player in the 1920's; played in the old Negro National League -considered the best Negro League pitcher of all-time

Flood v. Kuhn

-Flood sued to become a free agent. Court ruled the Reserve Clause was unusual, but it was up to Congress to change the antitrust exemption. -Kurt Flood loses against Major League Baseball. But, Marvin Miller presses forward and players are granted free agency through an arbitrator soon afterwards.

Mel Allen

-one of the most recognizable voices of radio and television.(all sports) -the host of "This Week in Baseball." It was a syndicated television program full of baseball highlights. -broadcasted the 1951 World Series, which was the first to be broadcasted from coast to coast.

Cy Young

-record for most career victories with 511 wins -record for most consecutive hitless innings with 25.1 -first perfect game under current rules.

Boxing commissions

-In boxing, there are four big organizations that sanction boxing matches (IBF,WBO,WBA,WBC) -WBC was the first boxing commission to reduce championship fights from 15 rounds to 12 rounds. -WBA was the first boxing commission. It began to sanction fights in 1921. -The 10 Point system was first introduced in 1968 by the World Boxing Council (WBC)

Jackie Robinson

-Jackie Robinson grew up in Pasadena. He later became a star athlete at UCLA. -After he retired, Jackie Robinson became the first Black sportscaster.

Mancini-Kim

-Kim Duk-koo was a South Korean boxer who died after fighting in a world championship boxing match against Ray Mancini -Mancini hurt Kim throughout the fight repeatedly. The referee was criticized for not stopping the fight sooner.

who did George Foreman defeat to win the heavyweight championship?

Joe Frazier

Benny Paret vs. Emile Griffith III

-notable and controversial for the punishment Paret took in the ring at the hands of Griffith which led to his loss by knockout in round 12 of a scheduled 15 rounds. -Paret died in the hospital of his injuries 10 days later. -One of the reasons for the decline of boxing as a mainstream televised sport and led to political calls for bans on boxing bouts

Joe Louis

-one of the greatest heavyweight boxers of all time -Joe Louis dominated the heavyweight division from the late 1930s and throughout the 1940s. -uncharismatic

Royce Gracie

-one of the most influential figures in the history of MMA -dominanted the early UFC with his grappling -holds the record with the most victories by submissions. -UFC hall of famer

NHL's rule changes

-reduced the size the goalie's equipment because goalies wore wide padding around their body. -enforces the fight instigator rule. A player receives a one-game suspension if they start a fight in the last five minutes of a game. The head coach is also fined $10,000. The league wants to appear to be more family friendly. -allows the double-line pass. The league passed this new rule in order to increase scoring.

NHL's revenue sharing

-shares its national media deals. -The top 10 grossing teams within the NHL revenue share a portion of their income. 50% of the overall revenue redistribution comes from these 10 teams. The financial commitment is tiered based on how much more revenue each team generates over the 11th ranked team. -The NHL revenue shares all of the gate revenue from all playoff teams. This revenue represents 35% of the revenue sharing percentage.

Grantland Rice

-sportswriter known for his elegant prose. -the broadcaster for the first World Series on radio

FOX and the MLB

-television network signed a 8-year contract worth $4.2 billion dollars in 2015 -15 teams have a FOX deal

Muhammad Ali

-the most significant and celebrated figures of the 20th century and as one of the greatest boxers of all time. -Muhammad Ali refused to enlist in the military. He ultimately was sent to prison during the prime of his career from 1967 to 1970. -Sonny Liston was the favorite to retain his championship belt. Muhammad Ali out boxed Sonny Liston and knocked him out. -Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier, billed as the "Fight of the Century"(Frazier won 1)

New York Yankees

-the most valuable team in Major League Baseball. -from 1949 to 1953 hold the record for winning five consecutive titles. -Lou Gehrig's speech is considered to be one of the most famous speeches in baseball history. -27 rings -1927 team that was nicknamed the "Murderer's Row."

Floyd Mayweather

-widely considered to be one of the best defensive fighters in boxing history. -five-time division champion and was 24-0 against former or current world champions -earned the most PPV revenue in the history of boxing

When did the press coverage against Jack Johnson become especially negative

The press became negative when Johnson's wife committed suicide in 1912.

why the press believed that Jim Jeffries would defeat Jack Johnson

The press believed that Jeffries was tougher, smarter, had a better imagination, and a Negro flat foot.

Don Dunphy

-American television and radio sports announcer specializing in boxing broadcasts -Dunphy's first fight was the Joe Louis v. Billy Conn bout. The fight attracted 15 million radio listeners. -noted for his fast-paced delivery and enthusiasm for the sport

What is the oldest boxing division?

Middleweight

Gentleman Jim Corbett

the father of modern boxing by using tactics and intelligence to defeat bigger and stronger opponents

NHL Winter Classic

-The NHL Winter Classic takes place outdoors. These games are played in NFL or MLB stadiums. -The 2014 NHL Winter Classic between the Toronto Maple Leafs and Detroit Red Wings may have broke a world record by attracting over 100,000 people. But, the stadium turnstiles froze. As a result, the Guinness Book of World Records could not verify the attendance. -NHL visiting teams that have played in the Winter Classic have been critical of Gary Bettman. They complain that they have skate into the wind or skate into bright glares for two out of three periods, which a huge advantage of the home team.

MlB Facts

-The National League was formed in 1876 -The American League formed in 1901. -The American Association formed in the early 1880s. This league was unique because it allowed the fans to drink liquor.

Stanley Cup

-The Presentation Cup is presented to the winning team on the ice. The players skate around with the Presentation Cup. -The players of the winning team engrave their names on the Stanley Cup -The Stanley Cup is the oldest trophy in professional sports. -The Stanley Cup's original name was the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup. -Lord Stanley of Preston was a huge hockey fan. He is responsible for donating the Stanley Cup. -The Stanley Cup is unique. The players, coaches, and some team personnel from the winning team spend 24 hours with the Cup. -used to be awarded to amateur teams

Federal League v. Major League Baseball

-The Supreme Court ruled that the Sherman Act did not apply to Major League Baseball; because, it represented a local business. -The Supreme Court ruled that Major League Baseball did not represent interstate commerce. -The Sherman Act protects Major League Baseball from anti-trust.

Mixed Martial Arts

-UFC 14 made gloves mandatory for fighters. -UFC 21 introduced a time limit on rounds and a scoring system. -UFC 12 developed weight classes.

Jack Dempsey

-United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion (1895-1983) -career was helped by Tex Richard, one of boxing's first great promoters. -vs. Georges Carpentier fight in 1921 was the first mass audience events covered by radio. -has the first five gates that exceeded a million dollars. -lost to Gene Tunney in their first bout that took place in front of an audience that exceeded 100,000 people.

Wayne Gretzky

-Wayne Gretzky changed the way that the NHL was played. He made it into a passing league. He did not want to hold on to the puck because he was small and would get injured by larger players. -the only NHL player to have a 200-point season. -scored a point for 51 consecutive games, which is a NHL record. -Only won with with oilers(4)

Gracie family

-a prominent martial arts family from Rio de Janeiro, known for their development & modification of Brazilian jiu-jitsu -coined the term "mixed martial arts."

Zuffa

-an American sports promotion company specializing in mixed martial arts -helped to get UFC sanctioned in Nevada -paid for all of the production costs for the reality television show The Ultimate Fighter, which helped to make the sport popular

Babe Ruth

-began his career as a Boston Red Sox pitcher. -saved the sport of baseball after the Black Sox scandal -benefited from some rule changes like using more new, white baseballs that were easier to see

Sugar Ray Robinson

-considered one of the "pound for pound" fighters in boxing history -one of the first fighter to negotiate a percentage of the gate, television revenue, and theater revenue. -had an undefeated streak of 91 fights.

Amanda Nunes

-considered to be one of the best UFC fighters currently. -the first fighter to defend two belts simultaneously. -defeated Cris Cyborg to earn the featherweight championship. -defeated Rousey in UFC 207. It was Rousey's last fight

Vin Scully

-considered to be one of the best sports broadcasters by his peers. -discovered by Red Barber -Dodger broadcaster for 67 years. Dodger fans initially brought transistor radios because they could not hear his voice in the huge Coliseum.

Ali pt 2

-defeated "Smokin" Joe Frazier in the "Thrilla in Manilla -defeated Sonny Liston in their rematch -defeated George Foreman in the "Rumble in the Jungle." -lost vs spinks 1

Ronda Rousey

-earned a bronze medal in judo prior to becoming a mixed martial artist. -vs Holly Holm headlined UFC 193. It was the first female headlined fight to exceed 1 million PPVs. -vs Miesha Tate co-headlined UFC 168. It was first female fight to co-headline a UFC event.

Kenesaw Mountain Landis

-federal judge. He later became the first baseball commissioner. -made some changes that help the sport like using more baseballs. He is credited with helping with "live ball era." -developed the "best interest of the sport" mantra. This mantra was adopted by other commissioners of sports leagues. -

Jack Johnson

-first black heavyweight champion -defeated James Jefferies in the "Fight of the Century." The fight was the first to be covered by the telegraph. -would openly date white women. As a result, he was arrested under the Mann Act. He was sentenced to prison. He proceeded to flee the country. -fought until the age of 60.

Gary Bettman

-initially began his career with NBA -became the NHL's first commissioner in 1993. -responsible for negotiating the most lucrative TV deal in the NHL's history.

Conner McGregor

-known for his trash talking to promote fights. -McGregor vs. Nurmagomedov generated the highest PPV buys in UFC history -may have earned in excess of a $100 million dollars when he fought Floyd Mayweather.

Tito Ortiz

-made his UFC debut in UFC 13 in 1997 -UFC 40 that headlined Ken Shamrock against Tito Ortiz was considered a breakthrough moment for Zuffa. It showed the owners that they could make revenue from mixed martial arts. -UFC 66 that headline Tito Ortiz against Chuck Liddell was the first UFC fight to exceed $5 million dollars at the gate.

Marquess of Queensberry Rules

1. Events may take place anytime, anywhere. 2. Wrestling or hugging is allowed. 3. Rounds can last from one hour, to several days. 4. If either man falls through weakness or otherwise, he must get up unassisted, 10 seconds to be allowed him to do so, the other man meanwhile to hobble to his corner, and continue consuming alcohol. 5. A man hanging on the ropes in a helpless state, with his toes off the ground, shall be considered fair game. 6. There is no limit on the amount of participants involved. 7. Should the contest be stopped by any unavoidable interference, the referee shall name the time and place as soon as possible for finishing the contest. 8. Soberness, during the contest is deemed illegal. 9. Any acts of soberness will be punished. 10. Destruction of furniture is advised.

What is the size of the octagon

A 30" octagonal shaped cage.

Which one of the following best describes how Major League Baseball uses its soft salary cap historically?

A soft cap means the entire team's salary may exceed $208 million. But, a team will be punished with a luxury tax for going over that dollar amount.

who was the first Major League Baseball team?

Cincinnati Red Stockings

Who was the highest paid MMA fighter in 2020?

Conor McGregor

Which one of the following teams was the first team to fully embrace the radio?

Cubs

who is the most valuable NHL team?

NY Rangers

Which NHL team has the longest undefeated streak?

Philadelphia Flyers

The heavyweight division prior to Johnson winning the championship

The heavyweight division featured several Black heavyweight contenders. Johnson happened to be the best of these contenders.

Which one of the following was the first team to fully embrace the television?

Yankees

George Louis "Tex" Rickard

the first great boxing promoter

Reserve Clause

the rights to players were retained by the team upon the contract's expiration. Players under these contracts were not free to enter into another contract with another team