50-100 AP US GOV review

56. Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the Second Amendment?

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. maybe:state bans the sale and purchase of handguns

61. Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of equality of opportunity and free enterprise

Affirmative Action maybe also:Increasing regulations on banking practices

60. Based on previous rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the freedom of speech clause of the First Amendment?

Any scenario where people's right to freedom of speech is violated. maybe: school bans shirts

100. Which statement accurately summarizes how constituencies affect the campaign strategy of candidates running for the US Senate or House of Representatives?

Candidates for House districts must consider specific needs and critical issues that characterize a relatively small number of voters

70. Conservative ideology differs from liberal ideology in that conservatives

Conservatives believe in personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, individual liberty, traditional American values and a strong national defense. Believe the role of government should be to provide people the freedom necessary to pursue their own goals. Conservative policies generally emphasize empowerment of the individual to solve problems.

96. Which of the following best explains the danger that "attack journalism" poses to political participation?

Definition: The current era of media coverage that seizes upon any bit of information or rumor that might call into question the qualifications or character of a public official. By treating government officials and candidates as targets to be stalked in pursuit of scandal, attack journalists create the impression that all politicians are ineffective and untrustworthy

85. Which of the following statements best explains how candidate-centered campaigns have weakened the influence of political parties on the political process?

Direct primaries: Gives parties less control over the nomination process of candidates; candidates appeal directly to voters and bypass parties; candidates may win who are not favored by the party elite. • Candidate-centered campaigns: Candidates appeal directly to voters; candidates can raise money by appealing to voters or PACs directly; candidates choose their own issues to campaign on. maybe: Candidates can raise campaign funds by appealing to voters and PACs directly

53. Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the Eighth Amendment?

Eighth amendment: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted maybe: A minor is sentenced to the death penalty

75. What type of poll is used by the media to monitor election results?

Entry and Exit Poll

77. Which of the following agents of socialization is the most successful at transmitting political ideologies?

Family - Most important shaper of basic attitudes Teaches basic political values & loyalty to particular political party

73. Between 1964 and 1984, which of the following would have been most likely to vote for the Democratic presidential candidate? Strong D. Weak D Independent Weak R Strong R Obama 94 84 58 21 4 McCain 6 16 42 79 96

Not sure bc the whole thing with the parties switching ideologies

90. Nomination contest type Average turnout rate Open (or Semi-Open Primary) 34.2% Closed primary 25.6% Mixed (one party primary/other caucus) 19.2% Caucus 6.7% Which of the following statements is reflected in the data in the table?

People are more involved in larger or more prominent parts of primaries or elections in general.

65. Political socialization is best defined as which of the following

Political socialization is a lifelong process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire political values. The family, educational system, peer groups, and the mass media all play a role. While family and school are important early in life, what our peers think and what we read in the newspaper and see on television have more influence on our political attitudes as adults. maybe: The process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire their ideas about government

82. Priyanka Kumble votes for political candidates based solely on their platforms and the policies they and their party plan to implement once elected. Which model of voting behavior does this best represent?

Prospective Voting

72. Which of the following groups would be most likely to support a constitutional amendment banning all abortions?

Republican/Religious groups

71. Which of the following is most important to get an accurate measure of public opinion?

Selecting a random sample

89. The Americans for Tax Reform (ATR), organized to oppose any and all tax increases, would be considered which of the following type of interest group

Single issue or Maybe: A cause group

55. In recent years the Supreme Court has applied the decision across all states that individuals have the right to possess a firearm in the home for self-defense. Which of the following is a reason for this?

The Fourteenth Amendment applies the Second Amendment to the states the Supreme Court has usually made decisions that uphold the right of an individual to own a gun

94. Which statement best summarizes a central criticism in the ongoing debate surrounding the Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)?

The Supreme Court has extended First Amendment protection of political speech at the expense of election fairness

51. The exclusionary rule can best be described as which of the following?

The exclusionary rule is designed to exclude evidence obtained in violation of a criminal defendant's Fourth Amendment rights. Any evidence obtained in an unconstitutional manner through unlawful searches or seizures.

57. Which statement accurately summarizes the impact of the New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) decision

The ruling made it possible for The New York Times and The Washington Post newspapers to publish the then-classified Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship or punishment maybe:T he government violated the First Amendment and could not stop the newspaper from publishing its article

Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the Fifth Amendment?

Things which would be considered a violation of the fifth amendment include: -not being given the right to a grand jury -Double Jeopardy (Being tried twice for the same crime) -being forced into bearing witness against yourself / self incremination -due process of law is required for anything preceding that denies a citizen of life, liberty, or property -government cannot take private property without compensating for it. maybe:A suspect is not informed that anything he says while under arrest can be used in his trial against him

93. After the three debates between Romney and Obama in the 2012 presidential race, the polls were effectively tied; after the Clinton/Trump debates in 2016, Clinton had a slight lead. Based on these two campaigns, which of the following is an essential campaign strategy when most voters have made up their minds?

Voter mobalization

67. What is the most common form of American political participation?

Voting is the most common form of american political participation.

69. What group is considered to be the most reliable voting block?

White Males

76. Which of the following best describes the relationship between socioeconomic status and participation in politics?

increased socioeconomic status = increased participation

81. Which constitutional change in the early twentieth century (1913) led to an increase in democratic participation in the United States?

passed by Congress May 13, 1912, and ratified April 8, 1913, the 17th amendment modified Article I, section 3, of the Constitution by allowing voters to cast direct votes for U.S. Senators. Prior to its passage, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Which of the following amendments protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?

the fourth amendment: the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation,

86. Which of the following statements accurately summarizes why it is virtually impossible for third-party candidates to become president

Although the Constitution doesn't make any rules about political parties, US government has a two-party system in which candidates from the two major political parties win nearly all elected offices. Many third parties have emerged over time, but two major barriers have prevented third parties from electing many candidates. First, most US elections operate by the winner-take-all system, which awards seats only to the candidate or party who wins the most votes in an election; independent or third-party candidates, who have neither the name recognition nor the organizational support provided by the major parties, rarely win the majority of votes. Second, the two major parties frequently incorporate the platforms of third parties into their own platforms; voters who identified with a third-party issue will often vote for a major party candidate who has adopted that issue because major parties are more likely to succeed.

97. Read the passage and answer the question below. "We advocate abolishing the term "citizen journalist." These people can call themselves "citizen news gatherers," but it is no more appropriate to call them citizen journalists than it would be to sit before a citizen judge or be operated on by a citizen brain surgeon. Because of declining revenues, newspapers, magazines and TV stations actually think they can get these "volunteers" to replace the professionals . . . that they can abandon their print editions, and have bloggers post without covering stories as they happen. Yes, there are a million news blogs, but only one New York Times. But to continue its reputation, the Times must uphold traditional editorial principles. So must we all." Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

Citizen journalists are incapable of providing accurate information at the level that established journalists can. They are not as trustworthy as they do not have a background and understanding of journalism and what is expected in terms of honesty and accuracy. Something like that. maybe:Although bloggers can cover stories as they happen, they do not have the training to provide good quality news coverage.

87. Like the old Progressive Party, a new generation third-party called the Working Families Party (WFP) has successfully competed in specific geographies in recent years, forging opportunistic alliances with either of the major parties while building a precinct-level organization and support. Based on this information and current election rules, which of the following is the best strategy for the WFP to influence public policy in the United States

Concentrate on "grass roots" campaigns in local elections lacking two-party competition.

88. Even though he just retired, Bill sees no reason to join the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), as the dues are not enough to make much difference in protecting his health care, and he expects that he will benefit from the association's activities whether he becomes a member or not. This scenario reflects which of the following political concepts

Free Rider Problem

98. Use the text below to answer the following question. "If you start from the understanding that important party decisions are made before the voters weigh in, the question 'who's winning?'—or, alternately, 'who is the party choosing, and which people are making that choice?'—becomes one of the best ways to give ordinary citizens who want to become more active political participants the information they need. (If you're not a party member, meanwhile, knowing the process by which the party made its choice—rather than just the outcome it arrived at—can still help inform your own political participation.)" -Greg Marx, "In Defense of (the Right Kind of) Horse Race Journalism," Columbia Journalism Review, September 6, 2011. Regarding the above excerpt, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

Horse Race journalism can be beneficial to help give ordinary citizens the information they need to become more active political participants. Horse race journalism is a more effective tool for informing voters and attracting their participation when applied to primary elections instead of general elections

1. Use the text below to answer the following question. "The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves . . . and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote . . ." -Excerpt from Amendment XII of the US Constitution According to this Amendment, how is the president chosen if no candidate receives a majority of votes by the Electoral College?

Hose of representative picks from the three people with the most votes, each state receiving one vote.

79. "Winston Churchill is said to have remarked that 'Any man who is not a socialist at the age of 21 has no heart, and any man who is still a socialist at the age of 40 has no head.' The first part of the quote can be taken as saying that it is easy to favor economic equality when one is a young adult in the process of getting educated, finding a job, and beginning a career. But the second part implies that the notion of equality of income for all looks far different once one is middle aged and established in an occupation." Martin P. Wattenberg, Is Voting for Young People? 2012 Which of the following statements is most consistent with the author's argument in this passage

Political ideology changes over time

5. A campaign advertisement appears on TV and in social media that says, "Candidate Smith has a record that includes policies that will hurt all Americans. If these policies are put into place, much of your hard-earned savings will be taxed away, and your well-paying job will be moved overseas. Be sure to vote on election day." Which statement below best explains what limitations, if any, might be placed on this campaign message?

Smith's opponent could use "soft money" to pay for the ad and does not have to claim support for it this seems like an answer thats different than the question but oh well. The internet says its right.

92. The presidential election cycle begins at which of the following points in modern day elections?

Spring of the year before an election

52. In 2013, Edward Snowden released classified information showing that the National Security Agency (NSA) was conducting a massive surveillance program by collecting data from major cell phone providers. Which of the following amendments provides the basis for an accusation of unconstitutional action by the NSA?

The fourth amendment

59. Which of the following actions by a news organization would most likely be protected from prior restraint based on the precedent established by New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

being censored or punished for publishing information that is classified/confidential. maybe:A radio station reports on a protest calling for the end of military involvement in South Korea.

3. **Which of the following statements describes the role political parties within Congress play to promote their party's public policy agenda?

he majority party in congress promotes their parties public policy agenda. Especially in the house, the majority party has the power to place major party members on strong committees in order to have their public policy bills passed. Their role in placing members on committees and delegating rules to how bills will be debated promote their public policy agenda and allow it to be passed more easily. somewhat wrong bc this talks about majority party

99. Which is the best explanation for the extraction of massive amounts of personal data from social media sites by political consulting firms?

it provides insights about voter preferences that campaign consultants use to strategically craft political messages

62. Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of individualism and limited government?

maybe increasing regulations on the sale of automatic weapons

63. Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between the competing values of rule of law and limited government

maybe: Expelling undocumented US residents from the country

64. Which of the following policies is likely to create the most tension between free enterprise and rule of law?

maybe: Reducing environmental regulations for oil companies

78. Which of the following scenarios is an example of the process of political socialization in schools

maybe: Students are required to take an American government course to graduate from high school

80. A recent poll indicates that 57 percent of all people in the United States disapprove of the Supreme Court's ruling that no state or local government may require the reading of Bible verses in public schools. Which of the following supports the credibility of the poll result?

maybe: The poll received a representative sample of 1,850 respondents or maybe: The poll was conducted over the phone using a random-digit-dialing system

66. Which of the following scenarios is an example of the process of political socialization?

the process by which a person develops political values and beliefs, including through interactions with family, friends, school, religious and civic groups, and the media maybe: Parents discuss at the dinner table and in front of their children who they are voting for in the next presidential election

84. Which of the following scenarios is an example of how the media can act as a linkage institution?

there's one pure view of the media and sometimes it's called the fourth estate where it has a central role in government, where the goal is to hold the government accountable, to inform the people, to have this pure objective view of what is going on with the government and bring it to the people and then help the people hold the government accountable, and also help the government know objectively what the people are thinking maybe: A major newspaper organization publishes poll results indicating the percentage of the American public who support legislation to ban affirmative action programs or A television network airs the results of public opinion poll projecting the winner of the 2016 presidential election