5.1 & 5.2 Quiz Review (Honors) - History of the Periodic Table & Groups

transition metals

Groups 3-12, 1-2 electrons in the outer energy level, less reactive than alkali-earth metals, shiny, good conductor of thermal energy and electrical current, high density

main group elements

Those elements occupying the s and p blocks of the periodic table.

groups/families

Vertical columns on the periodic table

Sir William Ramsay

discovered Xe, He, and Kr, and added the group of noble gases to the periodic table

Jons Jakob Berzelius

discovered elements of cerium, selenium, silicon, and thorium. Gave us our modern system of using symbols for the elements

4 Greek elements

earth, air, fire, water

Triads

groups of 3 elements with similar properties

Hennig Brand

he inadvertently discovered phosphorous while attempting to find a substance that could transform base metals into gold.

alkaline earth metals

metallic elements in group 2 of the periodic table which are harder than the alkali metals and are also less reactive

periods on periodic table

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Henry Moseley

Arranged the periodic table by atomic number instead of mass number. Founded the modern periodic law.

Jean Staas

Determined more accurate atomic weights by using Oxygen-16 as a standard.

Law of Octaves

Developed by John Newlands: the same properties appear every eighth element when the elements are listed in order of their atomic masses

diatomic elements

Discovered by Stanislao Cannizaro: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

noble gases

Elements in group 8A of the periodic table. Have no charge and are gases under normal conditions. (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon)

Antoine Lavoisier

Gave us the modern day definition of an element.

Julias Lothar Meyer

German chemist who organized the periodic table according to atomic volumes. He worked on his periodic table the same time as Mendeleev, but waited to publish and therefore did not have his table widely accepted.

alkali metals

Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver, shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium

Halogens

Group 17: Contains nonmetals, 7 valence electrons in it's outermost energy level. Very reactive

John Newlands

He proposed the Law of Octaves in grouping the elements. This stated that elements repeat their properties in regular intervals.

Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner

In 1829, this German physicist, who investigated the properties of chemically similar elements, announced that among the known elements he had observed several triads.

Dmitri Mendeleev

Russian chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements (1834-1907). His periodic table was organized by increasing atomic weights.

Lanthanides

any of the series of fifteen metallic elements from lanthanum to lutetium in the periodic table.

Actinides

the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 (thorium, Th) to 103 (lawrencium, Lr)

periodic law

when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties