5.14.F - Quiz: Module 5

Yellow seeds are dominant over green seeds in pea plants. One parent plant is homozygous green (yy) and the other parent plant is homozygous yellow (YY). What percent of offspring will be green?

0%

In some cattle, the genes for brown hair and for white hair are codominant. Cattle with alleles for both brown and white hair have both brown and white hairs. This condition gives the cattle a reddish color and is referred to as roan. If a roan bull is bred with a white cow, what is the probability of them having roan offspring?

1/2

The Law of Probability states that when a procedure can result in two equally likely outcomes, the probability of either outcome occurring is: ___.

1/2

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex-linked trait where red eyes are dominant to the white-eye phenotype. If a red-eyed male is crossed with a female who carries the white eye gene, what is the likelihood of having offspring with white eyes?

1/4

Some horses exhibit co-dominance for coat color with red and white coats. If a red horse (RR) mates with a white horse (WW), what percentage of the offspring will be RW and what will the coat color of the offspring be?

100%, spotted red and white

Based on the Law of Probability, what is the probability of a coin that is tossed 10 times landing heads up?

50%

In rats, coat color exhibits incomplete dominance. Yellow (Y) and white (W) rats are homozygous, while cream (YW) colored rats are heterozygous. If two cream-colored rats mate, what percentage of their offspring will be cream-colored?

50%

The Law of Probability states that when a procedure can result in two equally like outcomes, the probability of either outcome occurring is _____

50%

The table lists the trials for fruit color where allele R exhibits incomplete dominance over allele R'.Heterozygous fruit flies have orange phenotypes. What percent of offspring are expected to have an orange phenotype if the parent plants are orange (RR') and yellow (R'R')?

50%

In a dihybrid cross, if two heterozygotes (for both genes) are crossed, what will be the expected phenotypic ratios? (In the following order: dominant for both traits; dominant for the first trait and recessive for the second; recessive for the first trait and dominant for the second; recessive for both traits.)

9:3:3:1

Agkistrodon piscivorus is a species of semiaquatic venomous snake found all over the southeastern United States. They can be found in freshwater habitats but are most common in cypress swamps, river floodplains, and wetlands. Their coloration is variable: they can be marked with dark crossbands on a brown and yellow background color, or solid brown or black. Their color is controlled by 4 specific genes with dominant alleles creating the banding and recessive alleles creating a solid color. In wetlands, solid-colored individuals are more difficult for predators, like hawks, to locate. Which genotype below would be most successful in the wetlands?

AabbccDd

The diagram shows the results of meiosis. The parent cell has one pair of chromosomes. The locations of three genes are shown on each chromosome. Why are the chromosomes in two of the sex cells different from the chromosomes in the parent cell?

Crossing-over occurred in the chromosome.

Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is supported by which observation?

Haploid cells are produced by meiosis

The idea that different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently is Mendel's law of:

Independent Assortment

Match the term with the correct definition.

Law of Dominance The dominant gene prevents the appearance of the trait controlled by the other gene. Correct!Law of Independent Assortment As gametes are being formed, the genes for various traits separate independently of one another. Correct!Law of Segregation During gamete formation, the pair of genes separate and each gamete has only one of the genes for the trait.

The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms. What is the name of this process?

Meiosis

A florist purchased flower seeds from Flowers by Us and was told these seeds (F2 generation) would produce pure purple flowers because the seeds were produced from F1 generation seeds that were 100% purple. After planting the seeds, the florist found 25% of the flowers were white and 75% were purple. What were the likely genotypes of the grandparents?

PP X pp

This diagram shows a diploid cell with two pairs of homologous chromosomes. (Large chromosome genotypes: T and t. Small chromosome genotypes: S and s.)Due to independent assortment, what is the possible genetic make-up of gametes produced by this organism?

ST, St, sT, st

How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?

Sexual reproduction requires two parents, and asexual reproduction requires only one parent.

If a sexually reproducing organism was exposed to a harmful substance that inhibited crossing over during the process of producing gametes, what would be the result?

The chromosomes in the gametes produced would always be identical to the parent cells, thereby lowering the genetic diversity of the population over time.

Which of the following statements best supports Mendel's Law of Segregation?

The individual alleles that make up a gene must separate during gamete formation.

In a heterozygous genotype of Tt, why does the short trait disappear?

The tall trait is dominant over the short trait.

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.

Your own answer- Mitosis makes exact copies of the original cell and meiosis creates four cells with half of the genetic information from the original cell. Mitosis and Meiosis both involve cell division.

What role does genetics play in inherited diseases?

Your own words- Genetics play a big role inherited disease. Genes are responsible for passing down the information for one generation to the next. Genes pass down disease, and physical appearance.

Compare and contrast Mendel's laws: Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, and the Law of Independent Assortment.

Your own words- During the law of dominance, the dominant gene prevents the appearance of one trait controlled by the other gene. During the law of independent assortment when gametes are being formed genes of different traits independently separate from each other. During the law of segregation during gamete formation the pair of genes separate, and each gamete is left with only one of the genes for the trait. They are all alike because they are all Mendel's laws, and they all involve genes.

Match the term with the correct definition.

allele one of two or more versions of a gene Correct!genotype an individual's collection of genes Correct!heredity the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring Correct!phenotype an individual's observable traits Correct!trait a characteristic that is caused by genetics

Match each of the following terms with the correct definition.

codominance Occurs when both alleles are expressed equally in a heterozygote, and there is no blending. Correct!incomplete dominance Occurs when there is a phenotype blend between two homozygotes. Correct!polygenic traits Occurs when a phenotype is influence by more than one gene. Correct!sex-linked traits Occurs when the gene is expressed on the X or Y chromosome.

The diagram below shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged

Match the term with the correct definition.

genotype the genetic constitution of an individual organism Correct! phenotype the physical characteristics of an individual organism Correct! gene a unit of heredity that is transferred from parent to offspring Correct! allele different forms of the same gene

The Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, ___________

the pair of genes separate so that each gamete has only one of the genes for the trait.