6th grade science

Characteristics of science

Curious: asking questions about the natural world Observant: taking a closer look at the natural world Creative: using prior knowledge to solve problems Skeptical: requiring evidence and thinking logically

Results of scientific investigations

Data are the information obtained through a scientific investigation can be used as evidence to answer a question or support a conclusion must be reliable and consistent

The excretions of living organisms are best categorized as which type of factor in an environment? biotic abiotic living nonliving

biotic

Characteristics of Life

have cells, use energy, reproduce, respond to the environment, grow and develop

Atoms in noncrystalline solid

have no particular order or pattern

crystalline solid

a solid whose atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern

Identify the organism from the fungus kingdom. Pic one frog pic two trees pic three bacteria pic four fungi

pic four fungi

Select the organism that belongs to the protist kingdom. Pic one horse pic two rock pic three ferns pic four mushrooms

pic four mushrooms

Characteristics of Life: use energy

plants use energy from the sun to produce their own food animals must consume other organisms to receive energy

The closeness of measured values to other measured values is called____

precision

Carl Woese

proposed new classification system in 1990 all life is divided into one of three domains Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

______is a process that involves the collection of information and ideas supported by belief or opinion.

pseudoscience

kinetic energy

the energy resulting from the motion of particles

Modern system

8 level 6 kingdoms 3 domains

Atoms

are the smallest unit of matter

Bacteria

cells without a nucleus

Why is useful to classify organism systems?

Aristotles> Linneaus> Whittaker

The act of performing a task several times is called_____

repetition

Practical limitations

time, money, equipment, size of a system, complexity, other concerns

Louis Pasteur

1822-1895 in 1859 he continued Redi's work He recognized that microorganism existed in the air He showed, by controlled experiments that all living things have common characteristics

Whittaker's system

1960 7 levels 5 Kingdoms (plants, animals, fungi, protists, monerans) classified organism based on their structures and functions had five kingdoms contained 7 levels

Aristotle's system

2 groups (plants, animals) plants were grouped based on size animals were groped based on where they lived classified organisms into groups based on similar characteristics His system was a hierarchy contained 5 levels (kingdom, class, order, genus, species)

How many kingdoms are in the modern system of classification? 2 6 8 15

6

This data was collected after conducting an experiment about the amount, in liters, of water a specific plant needs per month. An accepted value for the measurement is 6 liters. These are the collected experimental values. Which values in the collected data are precise? Check all that apply. 1.1 liters 1.2 liters 1.5 liters 6.0 liters 8.1 liters

6.0 liters

Who developed the classification system that contained five levels and two kingdoms? Aristotle Linnaeus Whittaker Woese

Linnaeus

An amoeba is a single-celled organism that can usually only be seen with a microscope. A scientist measures an amoeba to be 0.10 mm long, and then a group of students measures the organism as well. Which student's measurement is the most accurate? 0.01 mm 0.05 mm 0.20 mm 0.11 mm

0.11mm

Francesco Redi

1626-1697 Through experimentation, he disproved spontaneous generation he showed that living things can only come from living things this discovery started a scientific debate on what could be classified as living

Fill in the information missing in the table to the right by selecting the appropriate answer from the drop-down menu. A B C D E

A carbon, hydrogen carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous B carbon, hydrogen carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous C amino acid nucleic acid sugar D amino acid nucleic acid sugar E amino acid nucleotide sugar

How does a dietician help a patient? A dietician treats vision problems. A dietician cures genetic disorders. A dietician performs surgery on patients to improve digestion. A dietician helps patients get the proper amount of nutrients.

A dietician helps patients get the proper amount of nutrients.

Macromolecule

A large compound build from many smaller compounds. Macromolecules are classified based on their chemical makeup. The four kinds of macromolecules are: carbohydrates. lipids. proteins. nucleic acids. a large molecule built from many smaller molecules or monomers.

What happens during evaporation? A liquid changes to a gas. A liquid changes to a solid. A gas changes to a liquid. A solid changes to a liquid.

A liquid changes to a gas.

Which scientist created the most modern classification hierarchy that we use today? Aristotle Linnaeus Woese Whittaker

Linneaus

Fill in the information missing in the table to the right by selecting the appropriate answer from the drop-down menu. A. B. C. D. E.

A. provide energy B. store energy C. enable movement D. starches E. DNA

student takes notes in class as shown below. A.Uses an objective processIs updated constantly B.Is not objectiveDoes not use a processResists new information Which are the best titles for A and B? A: "Science"; B: "Pseudoscience" A: "Pseudoscience"; B: "Science" A: "Characteristics of Science"; B: "Limitations of Science" A: "Limitations of Science"; B: "Characteristics of Science"

A: "Science"; B: "Pseudoscience"

When Carl Woese developed the modern system of classification, he broke the previous kingdom of Algae into the two kingdoms of Bacteria and Archaea.

Algae

Classify these four newly discovered organisms by selecting the domain to which they belong. A marine biologist took a sample from a hot spring. The cell has no nucleus and looks different from bacteria found in water. A seed was discovered and, when planted, grew to be a large flowering plant. This organism is a single cell that was isolated from the human body, has no nucleus, and was causing the patient to be ill. A new type of worm was discovered in some bananas on a cargo ship.

Archaea Eukarya Bacteria Eukarya

Prokaryotes are found in Eukarya only. Bacteria only. Archaea and Bacteria. Archaea and Eukarya.

Archaea and Bacteria.

Which statement describes the work of Aristotle and Linnaeus? Aristotle's classification system had many levels, while Linnaeus's classification system only had two levels. Aristotle's and Linnaeus's classification systems both divided all life into two groups: plant and animal. Linnaeus proved that many organisms, which were classified as plants by Aristotle, were animals. Aristotle and Linnaeus worked side by side examining organisms on many trips.

Aristotle's and Linnaeus's classification systems both divided all life into two groups: plant and animal.

Characteristics of life: grow and develop

As they grow and develop, organism: change form, become more complex, get physically larger

Linneau's naming system

Bionomial (genus) nomenclature (species), two word system for naming organism in which the first part is the genus ad the second part is the species

Which statement best describes the energy changes associated with evaporation and boiling? Atoms gain energy during evaporation and boiling. Atoms lose energy during evaporation and boiling. Atoms gain energy during evaporation but lose energy during boiling. Atoms lose energy during evaporation but gain energy during boiling.

Atoms gain energy during evaporation and boiling.

How is energy related to the change of state represented by the model? Atoms gain energy as a gas changes to a solid. Atoms gain energy as a gas changes to a liquid. Atoms lose energy as a gas changes to a solid. Atoms lose energy as a gas changes to a liquid.

Atoms lose energy as a gas changes to a solid.?

Which image demonstrates poor accuracy but good precision? Golf

B

Bacteria Archaea

Bacteria Archaea Moderate Live in extreme conditions locations

COMPARE: How were the outcomes of Pasteur's and Redi's experiments similar? Both experiments proved that life can come from rotting meat. Both experiments proved that spontaneous generation occurs. Both experiments showed that heat kills microorganisms. Both experiments showed that living things only come from living things.

Both experiments showed that living things only come from living things.

Linnaeus's Classification System

Carolus Linnaeus classified organisms into groups based on similar characteristics. His system was a hierarchy. Linnaeus's system contained five levels. 5 levels (later improved to 5) 2 kingdoms He is considered father of Taxonomy

Check every statement about cells that is true. Cells come in different shapes and sizes. All cells perform the same function in a multicellular organism. Cells are considered the basic structural unit of life. Cells are found in every living thing.

Cells come in different shapes and sizes. Cells are considered the basic structural unit of life. Cells are found in every living thing.

As you read the passage below, highlight all of the biotic factors. Bobby is helping his dad make dinner. They are having steak and boiled potatoes. Bobby's dad asks him to get the potatoes from the pantry. Bobby cannot reach the shelf, so he uses a wooden stool to stand on. While Bobby's dad finds a knife to cut the steak, Bobby puts the potatoes in a pot of boiling water. While the steak and potatoes cook, Bobby and his dad set out ceramic dishes on the table and some sour cream for the potatoes.

Check all of the biotic factors. Bobby steak wooden stool knife potatoes water ceramic dishes sour cream

Using complete sentences, compare and contrast the terms living and biotic. In your response, illustrate using examples and appropriate compare-and-contrast vocabulary.

Check the items you included in your answer. Both living things and biotic factors can be alive. Unlike living things, biotic things may not be alive; they may have once lived or came from something living. I included an example of something both living and biotic, such as flowers. I included an example of something biotic, but not living, such as paper. I used compare-and-contrast vocabulary.

Why organisms are classified

Classification is a way of grouping organisms based on their characteristics they share makes organism easier to study allows for better identification of new organisms shows how closely related organisms are

Which is the best analogy for classification? Classification is like setting up a phone tree in which one person calls the next two people, and those people call the next four people. Classification is like creating an alphabetized list of people based on their last names. Classification is like organizing a car wash where everyone brings needed items and then works. Classification is like organizing a closet by hanging clothes together based on their type, color, and season.

Classification is like organizing a closet by hanging clothes together based on their type, color, and season.

Which is the best analogy for classification? Classification is like setting up a phone tree in which one person calls the next two people, and those people call the next four people. Classification is like creating an alphabetized list of people based on their last names. Classification is like organizing a car wash where everyone brings needed items and then works. Classification is like organizing a closet by hanging clothes together based on their type, color, and season.

Classification is like organizing a closet by hanging clothes together based on their type, color, and season.

Which statements describe why organisms are classified? Check all that apply. Classification shows how closely related organisms are to each other. Classification makes it easier to identify the color of an organism. Classification allows for better identification of new organisms. Classification shows the offspring of two parents. Classification makes organisms easier to study.

Classification shows how closely related organisms are to each other. Classification allows for better identification of new organisms. Classification makes organisms easier to study.

Which statement best summarizes how classification systems have changed over time? Classification systems have become simpler to allow for all the discoveries made about organisms. Classification systems have become more complex to allow for all the discoveries made about organisms. Classification systems have become simpler to match the increased population sizes of organisms. Classification systems have the become more complex to match the increased population sizes of organisms.

Classification systems have become more complex to allow for all the discoveries made about organisms.

Which statement best summarizes how classification systems have changed over time? Classification systems have become simpler to allow for all the discoveries made about organisms. Classification systems have become more complex to allow for all the discoveries made about organisms. Classification systems have become simpler to match the increased population sizes of organisms. Classification systems have the become more complex to match the increased population sizes of organisms.

Classification systems have become more complex to allow for all the discoveries made about organisms.

Benefits of scientific investigations

Descriptive investigations: are less expensive, less rime consuming, provide a large amount of data Comparative investigations: provide large amount of information, use a wide range of variables Experimental investigations: are best for cause-and-effect relationship, allow for control of variables, can be repeated

Limitations of scientific investigations

Descriptive investigations: cannot show cause-and-effect relationship, gives result that can change over time, are not repeatable Comparative investigations: show relationship that does not always indicate cause-and-effect Experimental investigations: can lack practicality, can often occur in a laboratory setting, but not be reproduced in natural world

Scientists are studying a group of ant colonies in the Arizona desert. Which question about the ants can be answered scientifically? Does the amount of sunlight in a day affect how much food the ants eat that day? Would this type of ant colony be more fun to teach about in a classroom than others? Which picture of the ants would capture the most attention from people reading about the study? Will this kind of ants live on Earth after another million years passes?

Does the amount of sunlight in a day affect how much food the ants eat that day?

Maria wants to enter the science fair at her school. She has a list of ideas for her project. Which questions could be answered through scientific investigation? Check all that apply. Which marine biologist is the smartest? Does the rate of decay have an effect on the amount of gas produced? Is the information about photosynthesis difficult to understand? Which laboratory experiment is the most fun to perform? Which brand of stain remover is the best for getting out laundry stains?

Does the rate of decay have an effect on the amount of gas produced? Which brand of stain remover is the best for getting out laundry stains?

Order of modern classification system

Domain (3) Kingdom (6, Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animal) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Redi's experiment

Each jar had different set of conditions, ranging from open to tightly sealed Flies appeared only in the first jar (open). This showed that flies come from other flies, not from meat.

The learning process

Experience, review learn apply

Which scientist most likely has the most accurate data? Shelly, whose data were copied onto several charts Gavin, whose data were reproduced by other scientists Preston, who repeated his experiment and got different data Lilah, who recorded data from one trial and published her results

Gavin, whose data were reproduced by other scientists

The levels of classification of a giraffe are as follows: Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Giraffidae Genus: Giraffa Species: camelopardalis What is the scientific name of a giraffe using binomial nomenclature? Animalia Chordata Giraffa camelopardalis Artiodactyla Giraffidae Mammalia Giraffa

Giraffa camelopardalis

Pasteur's experiment

He boiled meat in a flask Microorganisms entered the neck, but not the flask Pasteur removed the neck of some flasks Afterwards, microorganisms grew in b roth

Tyler wants to learn about the types of insects in the soil near his house. Which would be a benefit of carrying out a descriptive investigation? He could collect a large amount of data for a low cost. He could control most of the variables affecting the insects. He would get results that might change after the investigation. He would be able to study cause-and-effect relationships.

He could collect a large amount of data for a low cost.

How did Linnaeus improve the classification of organisms? He created a way of naming organisms based on genus and species. He began grouping animals based on the places they live. He suggested a third domain to classify new types of organisms. He introduced a new kingdom to include different kinds of bacteria.

He created a way of naming organisms based on genus and species.

Two scientists were working on an idea. They kept in touch by asking each other questions about which designs worked better. After months of experiments, one of the scientists discovered a breakthrough. He tested it several more times and got the same result. Which statement describes what the scientist should do with his data? He should test two variables to see if he gets the same outcome. He should start a new project because his friend was already working on it. He should share all his work with his colleague so that his colleague can publish it. He should get it peer reviewed and publish it, then let other scientists try to reproduce his results.

He should get it peer reviewed and publish it, then let other scientists try to reproduce his results.

Rannan wants to perform a scientific experiment. He writes out a systematic process that involves him making observations and then forming his opinion about those observations. He then collects his opinions together and uses them to show that his findings are supported by evidence. In what way did Rannan make an error in his scientific process? He should not use a systemic process. He should not use his opinions as evidence. He should not make observations. He should not use multiple steps in his process.

He should not use his opinions as evidence.

Woese proposed a new classification system in 1990. What was different about his system? It included the addition of a new level called "kingdom." It included the addition of a new level called "domain." It included the removal of the level called "kingdom." It included the removal of the level called "domain."

It included the addition of a new level called "domain."

Describe the process of a scientific inquiriy

Identify - questions that can be answered through scientific investigation Distinguish - between variables and controls in a scientific investigation Differentiate - between the three types of scientific investigations Summarize - the benefits and limitations of different types of scientific investigations

Comparative investigations

Involve: collecting dat for comparison Include: Scientific question, hypothesis, Independent variable and dependent variable, procedure, conclusion

Descriptive investigations

Involve: collecting data about a system, making observations, but not comparison Include: scientific question, procedure, conclusion

Experimental investigation

Involve: experiments to gather evidence that support or refutes hypothesis, Include: Scientific question, hypothesis, independent and dependent variable, control group, procedure, conclusion

Whittaker proposed a new system of classification in the late 1960s. What was different about his system? It contained five levels instead of seven. It contained eight levels instead of seven. It contained five kingdoms instead of two. It contained seven kingdoms instead of two.

It contained five kingdoms instead of two.

The picture shows a jar of honey. Which statement is correct about this food? It contains disaccharides, a complex type of lipid. It contains monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrate It contains starch, which gives it a sweet taste. It contains lipids, which give it a sweet taste.

It contains monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrate

Use the data set to answer the question. Correct value: 25 Data set: 30, 17, 27, 21, 32 Which statement best describes the data set? It is accurate but not precise. It is precise but not accurate. It is accurate and precise. It is neither accurate nor precise.

It is neither accurate nor precise.

Use the data set to answer the question. Correct value: 30.3 Trial 1: : 20.2 Trial 2: 19.5 Trial 3: 19 Trial 4: 20.1 Trial 5: 19.4 Which statement best describes the data set? It is accurate but not precise. It is precise but not accurate. It is both accurate and precise. It is neither accurate nor precise.

It is precise but not accurate.

Which statement describes science? It lacks a process. It is not updated often. It is supported by evidence.

It is supported by evidence.

The word "cumulative" means that something builds on itself. Which example best shows how scientific knowledge is cumulative? Watson and Crick worked together to come up with the model of DNA. Kepler based his laws of planetary motions off of Newton's law of gravity. Hardy and Weinberg independently came up with a population equation. Darwin and his grandfather both worked on the ideas of survivability.

Kepler based his laws of planetary motions off of Newton's law of gravity.

Mammals that live in the Arctic Ocean have a large amount of blubber, which is a fatty tissue just beneath the skin. Which statement best relates why these animals have so much blubber? Lipids in blubber insulate the animals from cold water. Proteins in blubber help the animals move to stay warm. Carbohydrates in blubber provide all the energy that the animals need to stay warm. Nucleic acids help build the lipids in blubber, which keep animals warm by regulating cell activities.

Lipids in blubber insulate the animals from cold water.

Which scientist created the most modern classification hierarchy that we use today? Aristotle Linnaeus Woese Whittaker

Linnaeus

Practical Solutions

Limit scope, conduct smaller studies over time, create models, acknowledge limitations

Jamie is not sure a new medication will work because it has not had a large test group. Is Jamie being creative? No, he is using prior knowledge to solve problems. No, he is being skeptical. Yes, he is using prior knowledge to solve problems. Yes, he is being creative.

No, he is being skeptical.

Sharing experiments and data

One an experiment has been supported, a scientist can share the experiment and is data by publishing this information the experiment and data are peer-reviewed

Living organisms share certain characteristics of life. Two living organisms, a pine tree and a sea urchin, are pictured below. Photo by DavidWhich statement describes a difference in one of the characteristics of life shared by these organisms? One of the organisms produces asexually, the other does not. One of the organisms uses plants for energy, the other uses animals for energy. One of the organisms gets energy from the sun, the other does not. One of the organisms grows and changes, but the other does not.

One of the organisms gets energy from the sun, the other does not.

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Felis Species: Felis catus

Check every statement about the use of energy by living things that is true. Plants perform chemical reactions that require energy. Animals can use energy from the sun to produce their own food. Plants receive their energy from water in the soil. Animals can receive their energy by consuming plants or other animals.

Plants perform chemical reactions that require energy. Animals can receive their energy by consuming plants or other animals.

Which statements describe the function of each type of macromolecule? Check all that apply. Carbohydrates provide energy, store energy, and surround and protect cells. Lipids store energy, provide support, regulate cell functions, and insulate the body. Proteins play a role in transport, enable movement, provide structure and support, and help make chemical reactions happen. Nucleic acids carry genetic information, determine the structure of proteins, and help build proteins.

Proteins play a role in transport, enable movement, provide structure and support, and help make chemical reactions happen. Nucleic acids carry genetic information, determine the structure of proteins, and help build proteins.

The diagram shows changes of state between solid, liquid, and gas. The atoms of a substance lose energy during a change of state. Before the change, the atoms are close together but are able to slide past one another. Which arrow represents the change of state described above? M N P Q

Q

Which substance is a nucleic acid? amino acid fat polysaccharide RNA

RNA

Which choice best summarizes the outcome of Redi's experiment? Redi precisely defined the word living. Redi disproved spontaneous generation. Redi showed that flies come from rotting meat. Redi showed that living things can come from nonliving things.

Redi disproved spontaneous generation.

CONTRAST: How were the designs of Pasteur's and Redi's experiments different? Pasteur experimented with rotting meat; Redi experimented with broth. Redi experimented with rotting meat; Pasteur experimented with broth. Pasteur was able to show spontaneous generation was false, but Redi was not. Redi was able to show spontaneous generation was false, but Pasteur was not.

Redi experimented with rotting meat; Pasteur experimented with broth.

Which describes a scientist being creative? Joshua takes detailed notes about the experiment he is conducting. Elyse reads the references of a study before believing it. Sara tries turning a test tube upside down to collect a gas. Levi asks if redwoods would grow even taller if they had more phosphorus.

Sara tries turning a test tube upside down to collect a gas.

Which best describes the main difference between science and pseudoscience? Science deals with beliefs, and pseudoscience deals with evidence. Science deals with collecting opinions, and pseudoscience does not. Science is objective, and pseudoscience is subjective. Science does not involve a process, and pseudoscience does.

Science is objective, and pseudoscience is subjective.

Which statements best describe science? Check all that apply. Science uses beliefs and opinions to construct explanations. Science is resistant to new information. Science is supported by facts and processes. Science involves observation and experimentation. Science continually changes and is constantly updated.

Science is supported by facts and processes. Science involves observation and experimentation. Science continually changes and is constantly updated.

Taxomony

Science of naming organisms

Which statements describe the process of scientific inquiry? Check all that apply. Scientific inquiry often involves similar processes and practices. Scientific inquiry is done for different reasons. Scientific inquiry is used only by scientists. Scientific inquiry is a process of asking and answering questions. Scientific inquiry has only one correct pathway. Scientific inquiry involves performing investigations and collecting data.

Scientific inquiry often involves similar processes and practices. Scientific inquiry is done for different reasons. Scientific inquiry is a process of asking and answering questions. Scientific inquiry involves performing investigations and collecting data

Why is it important to classify living organisms? The DNA of organisms may be more easily analyzed. Organisms may survive longer if they are classified. Scientists may study and discuss organisms more easily. Classifying is needed before scientists may make observations.

Scientists may study and discuss organisms more easily.

Why is it important to classify living organisms? The DNA of organisms may be more easily analyzed. Organisms may survive longer if they are classified. Scientists may study and discuss organisms more easily. Classifying is needed before scientists may make observations.

Scientists may study and discuss organisms more easily.

Characteristics of Life: reproduce

Sexual reproduction: the process of joining gametes (egg cell and sperm cell) for reproduction Asexual reproduction: the process of reproduction in cells without joining gametes (or sex cells)

Which best describes why a liquid needs a container when a solid does not? Solids fill their containers, and liquids have definite shapes. Solids have definite shapes, and liquids fill their containers. Solids particles will expand to fill their containers, and liquid particles will expand as well. Solids particles expand to fill their containers, and liquid particles do not.

Solids have definite shapes, and liquids fill their containers.

This chart shows the experimental design of four students who are all observing what kind of bird seed birds tend to eat more often. Student 1Student 2Student 3Student 4 - Performed the experiment once- Used the same area, same time of day, and same amount of seeds - Repeated the experiment 5 times- Used the same area, different time of day, and different amount of seeds - Repeated the experiment 2 times- Used the same area, different time of day, and different amount of seeds - Repeated the experiment 5 times- Used the same area, same time of day, and same amount of seeds Which student is the most likely to have reproducible results? Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4

Student 4

Designing an experiment

Test one variable Set up two groups: experimental group and control group use controlled variables

Which is the process that involves the collection of information and ideas supported by evidence? science systematics pseudoscience hypothesis

science

Which correctly lists the types of matter, in terms of their atoms, in order from least tightly packed to most tightly packed? solid, gas, liquid solid, liquid, gas gas, solid, liquid gas, liquid, solid

gas, liquid, solid

Which are examples of science rather than pseudoscience? Check all that apply. The "five second rule" states that if food is picked up within five seconds of dropping it, it will not gather germs. The US surgeon general's report in 1964 declared that smoking cigarettes was linked to cancer. The Bates method suggests that closing the eyes and thinking of something pleasant can improve vision. Currently, the rate of increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is more than double what it was in the 1960s. A person should not swim right after eating because she could develop severe muscle cramps and drown.

The US surgeon general's report in 1964 declared that smoking cigarettes was linked to cancer. Currently, the rate of increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is more than double what it was in the 1960s.

Gerry is looking at salt under a powerful microscope and notices a crystalline structure. What can be known about the salt sample that Gerry is looking at? The atoms have spread out from each other. The atoms are sliding past each other. The atoms have no particular pattern. The atoms are vibrating in place.

The atoms are vibrating in place.

At lunch, the babysitter gives Tanya and Damien each a chocolate candy. Tanya puts her candy on her plate. Damien saves his candy in his pocket. After lunch, Damien discovers his candy has melted. Which statement accurately compares the atoms in the two candies? The atoms in Damien's candy have less energy. The atoms in Damien's candy are vibrating faster. The atoms in Damien's candy are unable to move.

The atoms in Damien's candy are vibrating faster.

Which statements best describe gases? Check all that apply. The atoms in a gas move at high speeds. The atoms in a gas often get stuck together. The atoms in a gas spread in all directions. Gases have a definite shape. Gases have a definite volume.

The atoms in a gas move at high speeds. The atoms in a gas spread in all directions.

Which statements describe the structure of each type of macromolecule? Check all that apply. The building blocks of carbohydrates are sugars that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The building blocks of lipids are molecules that contain mostly carbon and hydrogen. The building blocks of proteins are amino acids made of carbon and nitrogen only. The building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous.

The building blocks of carbohydrates are sugars that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The building blocks of lipids are molecules that contain mostly carbon and hydrogen. The building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous.

Melting butter is a physical change. Which best describes what is happening? The butter changes into a different substance. The butter contains a new arrangement of atoms. The butter cannot turn into a solid again. The butter no longer contains the same number of atoms.

The butter contains a new arrangement of atoms

A student drew this diagram of Woese's modern system of classification. What is the error in this diagram? The top level is missing. The class and order levels are switched. The bottom level is missing. The kingdom and family levels are switched.

The class and order levels are switched.

Observation of the natural world

scientific knowledge develops through making observations about the natural world an observation may generate a scientific question a scientific question may lead to a hypothesis the hypothesis can be tested through experimentation experimentation leads to changes in scientific knowledge

Julio is studying the bald eagle, which has a binomial name of Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Using the modern system of classification, which statements can Julio make about the eagles? The kingdom is Animals. The genus is leucocephalus. The species is Haliaeetus. The domain is Animals. The genus is leucocephalus. The species is Haliaeetus. The kingdom is Animals. The genus is Haliaeetus. The species is leucocephalus. The domain is Animals. The genus is Haliaeetus. The species is leucocephalus.

The kingdom is Animals. The genus is Haliaeetus. The species is leucocephalus.

Julio is studying the bald eagle, which has a binomial name of Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Using the modern system of classification, which statements can Julio make about the eagles? The kingdom is Animals.The genus is leucocephalus.The species is Haliaeetus. The domain is Animals.The genus is leucocephalus.The species is Haliaeetus. The kingdom is Animals.The genus is Haliaeetus.The species is leucocephalus. The domain is Animals.The genus is Haliaeetus.The species is leucocephalus.

The kingdom is Animals.The genus is Haliaeetus.The species is leucocephalus.

What is always included in a comparative investigation? dependent variable scientific question independent variable hypothesis

scientific question

Which are observations about the person and climate in this picture? Check all that apply. The person and dogs are cold. The person has a lot of clothing on. The climate is snowy. The person and dogs are in a race. The dogs are running.

The person has a lot of clothing on. The climate is snowy. The dogs are running.

Michaela is baking a dessert. She measures 100 mL of vegetable oil by pouring it from the bottle into a measuring cup. Then she pours the vegetable oil into a bowl with the other ingredients. Which best describes what happened to the vegetable oil during this process? The volume of the vegetable oil changed, but the shape did not. The shape of the vegetable oil changed but the volume did not. Both the volume and the shape of the vegetable oil changed. Both the volume and the shape of the vegetable oil remained the same.

The shape of the vegetable oil changed but the volume did not.

How are proteins and nucleic acids related? They both provide energy. They both carry genetic information. The structure of proteins is determined by nucleic acids. The subunits of nucleic acids are also the subunits of proteins.

The structure of proteins is determined by nucleic acids.

What happens to the atoms in a liquid as it freezes? They gain energy. They begin to move faster. They are held together by attractive forces.

They are held together by attractive forces.

Which statement best describes the atoms in a solid? They are held together by strong attractions. They slide past each other. They are located far apart. They spread to fill available space.

They are held together by strong attractions.

Use the data to answer the question. Correct value: 16.1 Experiment 1: 14.7 Experiment 2: 14.8 Experiment 3: 14.9 Experiment 4: 15.1 Which statement best describes the data? They are accurate and reproducible. They are accurate but not reproducible. They are precise and reproducible. They are precise but not reproducible.

They are precise and reproducible.

Use the data to answer the question. Correct value: 52.0 .Experiment 1: 46.8 Experiment 2: 47.0 Experiment 3: 46.9 Experiment 4: 47.2 Which statement best describes the data? They are accurate and reproducible. They are accurate but not reproducible. They are precise and reproducible. They are precise but not reproducible

They are precise and reproducible.

Why are emperor penguins considered a species? They all look alike. They can mate and produce offspring that can mate and produce offspring. They can mate and produce offspring that cannot mate. They all walk in a similar manner.

They can mate and produce offspring that can mate and produce offspring.

Which statement describes all solids? They contain loosely packed atoms. They have a definite shape and volume. They have a smooth, rigid surface. They flow with resistance.

They have a definite shape and volume.

Which statement best describes the movement of atoms in a solid? They are able to slide past each other. They spread apart as far as possible. They have no freedom to move. They are free to move in all directions.

They have no freedom to move.

Which is a limitation of comparative investigations? They give results that are usually not repeatable by other scientists. They might show variable relationships that are not actually cause and effect. They can usually only be conducted in labs instead of in natural environments. They are usually inexpensive, but they do not provide new information.

They might show variable relationships that are not actually cause and effect.

Which statement best describes the atoms of the gas neon? They slide past each other. They move freely in all directions. They vibrate in place. They are packed closely together.

They move freely in all directions.

Which best describes why scientists need to be creative? They need to be sure that the evidence backs up the conclusion. They need to notice all of the evidence carefully. They need to be constantly asking questions. They need to think of ways to solve problems.

They need to think of ways to solve problems.

What happens to the atoms in a scoop of ice cream as it melts? They decrease in temperature. They lose energy. They vibrate faster. They are held tightly in a fixed position.

They vibrate faster.

The eastern coral snake and Texas coral snake look almost identical and are often mistaken, but they are actually different species. Because they are different species, what can be concluded? They will have sterile offspring. They have different venom. They have different coloring patterns. They cannot hunt prey in the same manner.

They will have sterile offspring.

Which components are part of all scientific investigations? Check all that apply. scientific question procedure hypothesis variables control conclusion

scientific question procedure conclusion

Research

can help scientist develop an experiment many scientist work together on a topic scientist often run experiments independently

A scientist collected data in 10 trials comparing tired students' and awake students' test scores. TrialTired Average ScoreAwake Average Score 1 34% 67% 2 56% 88% 3 60% 90% 4 58% 86% Which trial was the least precise and is unlikely to be reproducible? Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4

Trial 1

Sea corals live exclusively in the ocean and are radially symmetrical. They have microscopic stinging barbs that shoot out to immobilize their prey. This allows corals to hunt even while they are stuck to the ocean floor. What animal phylum do corals belong in? chordates mollusks cnidarians annelids

cnidarians

The use of technology

scientist rely on technology to make observations of thigs they cannot directly observe advancements in technology often lead to new scientific discoveries

What is the difference between accurate data and reproducible data?

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Accurate data are close to the correct or accepted value. Reproducible data can be duplicated. Reproducible data are not always accurate. Sample Response: Accurate data are close to the correct or accepted value. If data are reproducible, the data are recurring, or duplicated. Reproducible data, however, are not always accurate. Data may be produced over and over, making them precise but inaccurate. This may indicate a flaw in the experimental design.

Define kinetic energy and thermal energy. Describe what happens to each as the temperature of a substances increases.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. All matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving. The motion of the particles results in kinetic energy. The part of total internal energy that can be transferred is thermal energy. As temperature increases, the particles in a substance move faster and have greater kinetic and thermal energy. Sample Response: All matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving. The motion of the particles results in kinetic energy. The part of total internal energy that can be transferred is thermal energy. As temperature increases, the particles in a substance move faster and have greater kinetic and thermal energy.

Explain the process that causes dew to form on blades of grass.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. As the temperature decreases, the atoms in a gas lose energy. The atoms move slower. The attractions among atoms cause liquid to form. This process is called condensation. Sample Response: As the temperature decreases, the atoms in water vapor in the air lose energy and begin to move slower. The attractions among atoms cause beads of water, a liquid, to form. This process is called condensation.

Why aren't descriptive investigations repeatable?

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Descriptive investigations are based on observations made at a single point in time. The results of descriptive investigations may vary at different points in time. Descriptive investigations do not contain variables that may indicate cause-and-effect relationships. Sample Response: Descriptive investigations are not repeatable because they are based only on observations made at a single point in time. The results may vary at a different time. In addition, descriptive investigations do not contain variables that may indicate cause-and-effect relationships.

A group of scientists must complete a study, but they have limited funding from a government organization. Name two ways these scientists can work around this limitation.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Limit the scope of the study. Complete several smaller studies over a longer period of time. Sample Response: One solution is to limit the scope of the study. Another possibility is do several smaller studies over a longer period of time.

Rita has two small containers, one holding a liquid and one holding a gas. Rita transfers the substances to two larger containers. Compare the behavior of the atoms in the liquid and in the gas once they are moved to the larger containers.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Liquids take the shape of the container they are in, but have a definite volume. Like liquids, the shape of a gas changes with the container. Unlike liquids, the volume of a gas changes depending on the container it is in. Sample Response: Because liquids flow freely, they take the shape of the container they are in, but have a definite volume. Like liquids, the shape of a gas changes with the container. This is because the atoms in a gas move rapidly and freely to fill any available space. Unlike liquids, the volume of a gas changes depending on the container it is in.

Name three ways that scientists can ensure their results are reliable.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Make multiple observations. Repeat trials. Use proper units. Repeat experiments. Sample Response: Scientists can ensure their results are reliable by making multiple observations and repeating trials during experimentation. They should also use proper units to communicate with other scientists, and make sure the experiment is repeatable.

Explain how creating a model provides a practical solution for some scientific research.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Models are simplified representations of objects or systems. Models make it possible to study very large, very small, or very complex objects or systems. Sample Response: Models are simplified representations that make it possible to study very large, very small, or very complex objects or systems.

Explain the difference between repetition and replication.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Repetition refers to performing multiple trials throughout an experiment. Repetition reduces mistakes and increases one's confidence in the results. Replication refers to the ability of a process to be repeated by another individual. When a scientist replicates another's experiment, the experiment should produce the same results. Sample Response: Repetition refers to performing multiple trials throughout an experiment. Repetition reduces mistakes and increases one's confidence in the results. Replication refers to the ability of a process to be repeated by another individual. When one scientist replicates the experiment of another, the experiment should produce the same results.

What does it mean to say that science is a "systematic" process?

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Science is a systematic process, which means it follows a careful method This method involves observation and experimentation. Information is collected through experimentation. This information supports or refutes a scientist's hypothesis. Sample Response: Science is a systematic process, which means it follows a careful method that involves observation and experimentation. Through experimentation, information is collected that supports or refutes a scientist's hypothesis.

Explain how scientific knowledge develops through making observations about the natural world.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Scientific knowledge develops through making observations about the natural world. An observation may generate a scientific question, which may lead to a hypothesis. The hypothesis can be tested through experimentation. The results of experimentation lead to changes in scientific knowledge. Sample Response: Scientific knowledge develops through making observations about the natural world. An observation may generate a scientific question, which may lead to a hypothesis. The hypothesis can be tested through experimentation. The results of experimentation lead to changes in scientific knowledge.

After watching the squirrels at the local park for several days, Sergei asks his science teacher the following question: "Do more squirrels live in maple trees or oak trees in the city park?" Is Sergei's question a scientific question? Why or why not?

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Sergei's question is a scientific question. The question is based on observations. The question could be answered through an investigation. The question has a narrow focus. The question addresses a gap in Sergei's knowledge. The question may lead to a hypothesis that can be tested. : Sergei's question is a scientific question because it is based on observations and could be answered through an investigation. His question has a narrow focus, addresses a gap in his knowledge, and may lead to a hypothesis that can be tested.

Describe the conditions necessary for sublimation to occur.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Sublimation occurs because the atoms in a solid must gain enough energy to form a gas without passing through the liquid state. Low air pressure and large amounts of energy allow the atoms to move fast enough to overcome the attractive forces between them. Sample Response: Sublimation occurs because the atoms in a solid must gain enough energy to form a gas without passing through the liquid state. Low air pressure and large amounts of energy, often in the form of heat, allow the atoms to move fast enough to overcome the attractive forces between them.

Explain why the coin is able to float on top of the water in this glass.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Surface tension is the result of water molecules pulling inward with a strong attractive force. The attractive force brings the molecules on the surface of the water close together. The attractive force causes the surface of the water to be drawn toward the water molecules beneath the surface. Since there are no water molecules above the surface, there are uneven forces. This causes surface tension, allowing the coin to float on the water's surface. Sample Response: Surface tension is the result of water molecules pulling inward with a strong attractive force. This attractive force brings the molecules on the surface of the water close together and causes the surface of the water to be drawn toward the water molecules beneath the surface. Since there are no water molecules above the surface, there are uneven forces. This causes surface tension, allowing the coin to float on the water's surface.

How is temperature related to the physical change of a substance?

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of particles in a substance. As temperature increases, the atoms or molecules in a substance gain energy. As temperature decreases, the particles lose energy. A change in the energy of particles causes a change in their arrangement. Sample Response: Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of particles in a substance. As temperature increases, the atoms or molecules in a substance gain energy. As temperature decreases, the particles lose energy. A change in the energy of particles causes a change in their arrangement. A change in the arrangement of particles can lead to a physical change.

Why are experimental investigations the best type of scientific investigation to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships?

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. The investigator can actively manipulate variables and control conditions. A relationship can be demonstrated between the independent and dependent variables. A control group can be used for comparison. Sample Response: In experimental investigations, the investigator has the ability to actively manipulate variables and control conditions. The independent variable can be isolated and manipulated, producing a change (or no change) in the dependent variable. This change can be measured to gather evidence to support or refute the cause-and-effect relationship. Experimental investigations also use a control group (a group that is not manipulated) for comparison.

Compare the components that make up the windsurfer, his board, and his surroundings.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. The windsurfer, his board, and the air and water around him are all made of matter. That matter is made up of very small particles called atoms Sample Response: The windsurfer, his board, and the air and water around him are all made of matter. That matter is made up of very small particles called atoms.

The Flat Earth Society states Earth is flat and shaped like a disc, as pictured, despite scientific evidence that demonstrates Earth is shaped like a sphere. Are the statements of the Flat Earth Society an example of science or pseudoscience? Explain your answer.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. This is an example of pseudoscience. It is based on beliefs rather than facts. It has not been updated based on scientific information indicating that Earth is shaped like a sphere. Sample Response: This is an example of pseudoscience. It is based on beliefs rather than facts. In addition, it has not been updated based on scientific information indicating that Earth is shaped like a sphere.

Name the two types of vaporization and explain the difference between them. Give one example of each.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Vaporization is the process by which a liquid becomes a gas. The two types of vaporization are evaporation and boiling. Evaporation takes place at the surface of a liquid. A puddle drying up is an example of evaporation. Boiling takes place below the surface of a liquid and causes bubbling. A bubbling pot of water on a hot stove is an example of boiling. Sample Response: Vaporization is the process by which a liquid becomes a gas. The two types of vaporization are evaporation and boiling. Evaporation takes place at the surface of a liquid, such as a puddle drying up. Boiling takes place below the surface of a liquid and causes bubbling, like a pot of water on a hot stove.

Explain how viscosity is related to the flow and attraction between atoms in a liquid.

What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Viscosity refers to a liquid's resistance to flow. Liquids with a higher viscosity flow more slowly. In liquids that are more viscous, there is a stronger attraction between atoms. Sample Response: Viscosity refers to a liquid's resistance to flow. Liquids with a higher viscosity flow more slowly. In liquids that are more viscous, there is a stronger attraction between atoms.

Name a biotic factor in the room you are in right now. Justify your choice by explaining why it is a biotic factor. Use complete sentences.

Which fact(s) below did you include in your explanation? The thing is currently living. It is not living now, but it was living in the past. It has all five characteristics of life: it has cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds to stimuli, and grows and develops. Sample Explanation: The paper in my notebook is a biotic factor because it was made from a tree, which was once living.

Clyde will perform a test on a compost pile. The items in the compost pile are shown here. What scientific questions could Clyde ask about the compost pile? Check all that apply. Which item breaks down the fastest? Does decaying fruit smell the worst? Will the items break down faster if heat is added? Will enclosing the items in an airtight bag affect the rate of decay? Is it a good idea to compost garbage?

Which item breaks down the fastest? Will the items break down faster if heat is added? Will enclosing the items in an airtight bag affect the rate of decay?

Scientists are studying different jackets made for extremely cold, snowy weather. They are trying to find jackets that are warm but also thin enough to allow for natural bodily movement. Which question could the scientists answer scientifically? Which jacket's color looks the best? Which jacket traps the most heat? Would warm and thin jackets cost less? Which jacket seems the most professional?

Which jacket traps the most heat?

sublimation

the process by which a solid becomes a gas

physical change

a change in one or more physical properties of a substance but not its identity

carbohydrate

a compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that living things use for structural purposes and as their main source of energy.

lipid

a compound that contains mostly carbon and hydrogen and is used to store energy, provide structure, and transmit information.

species

a group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can mate

Which phrase accurately describes a species? the largest and most general level of biological classification a group of organisms that can produce offspring that can also mate and produce offspring a group of organisms that shares a few general characteristics a group of organisms that share a habitat but do not mate with each other

a group of organisms that can produce offspring that can also mate and produce offspring

system

a group of related parts that interact and form a complex whole

viscosity

a liquid's resistance to flow

protein

a macromolecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that is needed by living things for growth and repair.

nucleic acid

a macromolecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous that is used by living things to store and transmit genetic information.

Scientists are studying fertilizers to help grass grow in southern California. Fertilizer is any substance that can be added to soil to help plants grow in it. In other words, fertilizer makes soil more fertile. The scientists set up different plots of land that all use the same type of soil and grass seed, but they use different types of fertilizer in each plot. Scientists then measure the grass growth in the different soils over time. How should scientists set up the control group in this experiment? a plot with grass seed but no fertilizer in the soil a plot with grass seed and many types of fertilizer in the soil a plot without any grass seed or any fertilizer in the soil a plot without any grass seed but with fertilizer in the soil

a plot with grass seed but no fertilizer in the soil

hypothesis

a possible explanation of or answer to a scientific question that is based on prior knowledge or research and is testable

vaporization

a process by which a liquid becomes a gas

pseudoscience

a process that involves the collection of information and ideas supported bybelief or opinion the lunar effect ear candling

cell membrane

a protective layer surrounding a cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell

scientific question

a question that is based on observations and can be answered through an investigation

spore

a reproductive cell that is resistant to harsh conditions and capable of developing into an adult without fusing with another cell

prokaryote

a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

noncrystalline solid

a solid whose atoms lack a particular patter

cell wall

a strong, supportive layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria and fungi

hierarchy

a system in which people or things are arranged in a ranking order according to importance.

binomial nomenclature

a two-word system for naming organisms in which the first part is the genus and the second part is the species.

classification

a way of grouping organisms based on the characteristics they share. Makes it easier to study organism allows for better identification of new organism shows how closely related organisms are to each other

multicellular

a word referring to something composed of many cells

unicellular

a word referring to something composed of one cell

Which term best describes the temperature and weather conditions of an organism's environment? biotic factors abiotic factors natural resources natural habitat

abiotic factors

In a laboratory, Carlos places one plate with grape jelly and another plate with cooked brown rice inside an ant farm. The next day, he finds that both plates are filled with ants. Carlos wonders if there are certain household foods that are more effective than others at attracting ants. How could Carlos use the scientific inquiry process to determine which foods are most effective at attracting ants? Check all that apply. by making quantitative observations about the number of ants found on each plate of food by asking a classmate if ants are attracted to bananas by comparing a plate of cooked brown rice to another household food such as peanut butter by designing an experiment to test different foods and the number of ants each food attracts by repeating the experiment at different times of day

by making quantitative observations about the number of ants found on each plate of food by comparing a plate of cooked brown rice to another household food such as peanut butter by designing an experiment to test different foods and the number of ants each food attracts

melting

the process by which a solid becomes a liquid

Energy and changes of state

all matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion the motion of particles results in kinetic energy, if energy is added particles move faster, if energy is removed particles move slower thermal energy is the part of total internal energy that can be transferred as temperatures increase the particles in a substance move faster and have greater kinetic and thermal energy

eukaryote:

an organism composed of one or more cells that contain nuclei

In which kingdom do all organisms have cells that lack a cell wall? fungi plants animals bacteria

animals

scientific inquiry

any process used to ask and answer questions about the natural world

Atoms in a liquid

are closely packed slide past each other

unicellular organism

are composed of only 1 cell It performs all of the life functions for the organism

Atoms in gas

are far apart move constantly at high speed move freely in all directions spread to fill available space

Atoms in crystalline solid

are found in repeating pattern called crystals

Which phrase describes members of the domain Eukarya, but does not describe any members of Bacteria or Archaea? are multicellular are unicellular have cell walls have a cell membrane

are multicellular

objective

based on facts instead of opinions or beliefs

Scientific questions

based on observations and can be answered through an investigation a good scientific question: has a narrow focus, addresses a gap in knowledge, may lead to a hypothesis that can be tested

subjective

based on opinions or beliefs instead of facts

valid

based on truth or fact

Cells

basic unit of a structure and function of all living things

Which is a component of pseudoscience, but not science? explanation facts process beliefs

beliefs

Kaylee wants to test her hypothesis that she performs better on tests after getting more sleep.In which way will she best be able to do this? by analyzing her test scores when she gets the same amount of sleep by asking her friends if sleep affects their test scores by analyzing her average test scores after nights with different amounts of sleep by reading online about the relationship between sleep and test scores

by analyzing her average test scores after nights with different amounts of sleep

How can a scientist ensure that his or her data are reliable? by making a single observation by repeating trials during an experiment by recording values without units by keeping the results private

by repeating trials during an experiment

sexual reproduction

the process of joining gametes (an egg cell and a sperm cell) for reproduction

Fie level of organization in multicellular organisms

cell tissue (group of cells similar in structure and function that work together to perform a specific function Organ (group of tissue that work together to perform a common function) Organ system (group of organs that work together to perform a common function) Organism (a living thing that carries out the basic processes of life)

Which list shows the levels of organization of an organism in hierarchical order from left to right, from the least complex to the most complex? organism, organ, organ system, cell, tissue organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Eukarya

cells with nuclei

Archaea

cells without a nucleus

If Tyler does not eat a diet that includes essential amino acids, his cells will not be able to build nucleic acids. certain proteins. cell membranes. certain carbohydrates.

certain proteins.

Characteristics of gas

change in shape change volume

Characteristics of liquids

change shape fit the shape of a container have definite volume viscosity = resistance to flow, super flow (higher viscosity), depends on size and shape of atoms, strong attraction (higher viscosity) surface tension = water molecules pulling inward, strong attractive force, uneven forces

A way of grouping organisms based on the characteristics they share is____ The science of naming and classifying organisms is called_____ A two-word system for naming organisms in which the first part is the genus and the second part is the species is known as____

classification taxonomy binomial nomenclature

Use the drop-down menus to match each part of the scenario to the correct scientific practice. Kiran records the height of each plant―those with a colored filter and those without______ Kiran explores the growth of a plant in natural light, then repeats the experiment with the same plant type but different colored filters._____ Kiran turns in a written lab report to her science teacher.____ Kiran wonders, "Will colored light affect the growth of a plant?"______ Kiran writes in her notes that adding a colored filter over a plant affects its growth because the heights of the plants under the colored filters were less than the height of the plant with no filter_____

collecting data performing an investigation communicating results asking a question providing explanation

Descriptive Investigations

collecting data and making observations, but nor comparison

Comparative investigations

collecting data for comparison

asexual reproduction

the process of reproduction in cells without joining gametes

precision

the reliability or reproducibility of a measurement

surface tension

the result of water molecules pulling inwards with a strong attractive force

taxonomy

the science of naming and classifying organisms.

Use the drop-down menus to choose the type of investigation that best completes each statement. ______investigations show relationships that do not always indicate cause and effect. ______investigations cannot perfectly reproduce the conditions of the natural world. ____investigations often are not repeatable because the results may change over time.

comparative experimental descriptive

Chloe's teacher gives her and her lab partner soil samples from different parts of the city: the park, the area next to a pond, the school, and a neighborhood. Chloe's teacher also gives her a soil tester kit, which determines the pH of the soil. Chloe and her lab partner need to determine the pH of each soil sample and then compare them. Fill in the blank with the word that best completes the statement. This investigation is a(an)_______

comparative investigation

Use the drop-down menu to complete the sentence. Descriptive investigations involve collecting data about a system, but not making_______

comparisons

Multicellular organism

composed of many cells each type of cell has a specialized life function for the organism

On a cool morning, Uyen's breath can form a cloud when she breathes out. Which changes of state are most responsible for Uyen seeing her breath in this way? melting condensation deposition sublimation

condensation

gas to liquid

condensation is the process by which a gas becomes a liquid occurs over a range of temperatures as temperatures decrease the atoms lose energy, move slower the attractions among atoms cause liquid to form

Identify the plant phylum based on the description. A tree that can be found in the mountains and produces seeds in cones is a type of________. A tree that produces blossoms that can be fertilized and develop into fruit is a type of________. This low-lying plant that requires damp surfaces and does not have a system to transport water is a________.

conifer flowering plant moss

In an experimental investigation, the group that is not manipulated by the researcher and is then compared to the experimental group is called the_____group

control

Which part of an investigation is only found in an experimental investigation? scientific question procedure conclusion control group

control group

homeostasis

the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions

independent variable:

the variable that is changed, controlled, or manipulated on purpose by the researcher

dependent variable

the variable that is measured and affected during the experiment

At which of these locations is a dietician least likely to work? school theater hospital nursing home

theater

Which change of state is shown in the model? condensation deposition boiling freezing

deposition

gas to solid

deposition is the process by which a gas becomes a solid Atoms lose large amounts of thermal energy, slow down quickly, are held tightly by strong attractions

Abiotic factors in the environment

describes an environment factor that is not living and that has never lived Includes: affect biotic factors include habitats, weather, and resources

Biotic factors in the environment

describes an environmental factor that is living or came from something that was once living Includes: living parts of the environment organisms or parts of organisms that were once alive objects made from living things excretion by living things

How do scientist conduct scientific investigations?

descriptive comparative experimental

Scientists are studying a group of living cells under a microscope. They write down notes about the size, shape, and color of the cells as well as other traits. Which best describes this type of investigation? comparative, because the scientists will be making observations in order to form a hypothesis comparative, because the scientists are measuring dependent and independent variables descriptive, because the scientists are using independent variables to test a hypothesis descriptive, because the scientists are writing down observations but not making comparisons

descriptive, because the scientists are writing down observations but not making comparisons

Scientific design

different scientific designs follow similar methods scientist communicate their results in a particular format other scientists can repeat experiments and confirm results good design and repeatability ensure valid results

For each animal listed, select the phylum to which it belongs. starfish crab snail shark earthworm

echinoderm arthropod mollusk chordate annelida

Studies involving humans or animals are conducted under strict policies and procedures. This solution addresses which limitation? lack of proper equipment size of the system limited amount of time ethical concerns

ethical concerns

Michael has a substance that he puts in Container 1. The substance has a volume of 5 cubic meters. He then puts the substance in Container 2, and it now has a volume of 10 cubic meters. In which phase(s) is the substance? solid or liquid liquid or gas liquid gas

gas

Determine which change of state is being described in this passage. As the temperature decreases, the atoms lose energy. The atoms begin to move slower. They are held together by attractive forces, but are still able to slide past each other. solid to liquid liquid to solid gas to liquid gas to solid

gas to liquid

Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements. ____investigations allow for the control of variables and can be repeated. ______investigations are usually less time-consuming and less expensive. ______investigations make it possible to study a wide range of variables.

experimental descriptive comparative

Francis thinks that the longer a plant is in light, the more fruit it will produce. He places one group of ten plants under a UV light for six hours and another group of ten plants under the same light for eight hours. He waters the plants with the same amount of water at the same time every day; uses the same types of plants, soil, and containers; and monitors the same temperature. Choose the correct label for each part of the experiment. The plants that are under a UV light for eight hours _____ The amount of water that is given to all of the plants_______ The plants that are under the light for six hours_____

experimental group controlled variable controlled group

Which characteristics belong to Whittaker's classification system? Select two options. three domains six domains two kingdoms five kingdoms five levels seven levels eight levels

five kingdoms seven levels

In her science fair project about the amount of water needed to dissolve 2 ml of a certain substance at room temperature, Staci got an average value of 32 ml. What should Staci do for the best chance to reproduce that data again? improve the experimental design change it to include a control group follow the same steps exactly decrease the number of trials

follow the same steps exactly

How many kingdoms are in the domain Eukarya? one four six nine

four

During which changes of state does the motion of the atoms decrease? melting and deposition freezing and condensation condensation and evaporation vaporization and sublimation

freezing and condensation

liquid to solid

freezing is the process by which a liquid becomes a solid the temperature at which a specific liquid becomes a solid is the freezing point (water 0C) below the freezing/melting point the substance is a solid above the freezing/melting point the substance is a liquid as the temperature decreases, the atoms: lose energy, move slower strong attractions among solids cause the liquid to become a solid

Choose the best description for prokaryotic cell. has a nucleus; found in multicellular organisms has no nucleus; found in unicellular organisms has no nucleus; found in multicellular organisms has a nucleus; found in unicellular organisms

has no nucleus; found in unicellular organisms

Characteristics of solid

have a definite shape no container needed have definite volume

What does a control group show in an experimental investigation? the effects that the scientists are causing by manipulating variables how nature would act without manipulation by the researchers why each part of a system is related to every other part all parts of a system that scientists are controlling and changing

how nature would act without manipulation by the researchers

Mules, the offspring of donkeys and horses, are commonly used as pack animals. Despite the existence of mules, horses and donkeys are considered separate species. Which discovery would change that thinking and define horses and donkeys as the same species? if mules looked more like donkeys if mules looked more like horses if mules could produce offspring if mules were sterile

if mules could produce offspring

Hannah conducts an investigation to determine if adding fertilizer to the soil helps tomato plants grow taller. She puts 20 tomato plants in individual pots and adds an equal amount of soil to each pot. All 20 plants are the same height at the beginning of the investigation. She adds the same amount of fertilizer to the soil of 10 pots. Hannah measures the height of each plant once a day for 15 days. The presence of fertilizer in the soil is the______ The height of the tomato plants is the____ The pots without fertilizer are the_____

independent variable dependent variable control group

Science

is a way of learning about the world can take place anywhere can be practiced by anyone involves making observations and inferences

Scientific Inquiry

is any process used to ask and answer questions about the natural world involves different paths conducted different reasons uses similar processes and practices is not just for scientists involves asking a question performing investigation collecting data providing explanation communicating results

Changes to Linneaus system

it was incomplete additional levels were added (Phylum, family)

abiotic

of or relating to an environmental factor that is not living and has never lived

Which is biotic? wind iron gate sunlight leaf

leaf

Sebastian wants to make ball-and-stick models of the four macromolecules. He has colored balls for each of the elements in these molecules, including the following. red: hydrogen black: carbon purple: oxygen green: nitrogen. Which molecule could he make that consists of long chains of red and black colored balls? carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins

lipids

Use the drop-down menu to complete the statement. The atoms in a____have a definite volume, but move quickly enough to overcome the forces of attraction between them.

liquid

Use the drop-down menus to determine which state of matter is described in each statement. The atoms in a___are closely packed, but able to slide past each other. The atoms in a___spread as far apart as possible. A___has a definite shape and volume. The shape of a____can change, but the volume is definite.

liquid gas solid liquid

Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements. Orange juice has a____viscosity than chocolate syrup. There are____attractive forces between atoms of liquids with a high viscosity. Surface tension is the result of water molecules___with strong force.

lower strong pulling inward

Repeated experimentation

make multiple observations repeat trials use proper units repeat experiments

Matter

makes up all objects and organism is made up of very small particles called atoms

Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements. The atoms in a solid_____ The arrangement of atoms in a solid causes it to have a definite____ Solids in which the atoms have no particular order or pattern are called___solids.

remain in a fixed position shape and volume noncrystalline

Justin designed an experiment to find out how running up bleachers affects his heart rate. First he records his resting heart rate and then runs up the bleachers 10 times. Each time he reaches the top, he records his heartrate then rests 20 minutes. Which is involved in Justin's experiment? replication repetition both repetition and replication neither repetition nor replication

repetition

Freida wants to model the way atoms move when a substance changes its state. To do this, Freida makes a pyramid of marshmallows. Then, she knocked down the pyramid causing the marshmallows to fall. If the marshmallows represent the atoms in the substance, which change of state is Freida modeling? melting freezing condensation deposition

melting

Which is the process by which a solid changes to a liquid? condensation evaporation melting sublimation

melting

Use the drop-down menus to match each description with the appropriate change of state. Piles of snow turn to puddles of water.____ Puddles of water gradually dry up.___ Frost builds up on a window___

melting evaporation deposition

solid to liquid

melting is the process in which solid becomes a liquid different substances have different melting points (ice 0C, Butter 32-35C) as temperatures increase , the atoms gain energy, vibrate faster, , break apart, slide past each other

When Carl Woese developed the modern system of classification, he broke the previous kingdom of________ into the two kingdoms of Bacteria and Archaea.

monoreans

Which list correctly shows carbohydrates in size from smallest to largest? monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide disaccharide, polysaccharide, monosaccharide disaccharide, monosaccharide, polysaccharide polysaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

Taya observed a plant that is small and grows close to the ground because it does not have the water transport structures required to grow taller. Which plant phylum did this plant most likely belong to? conifers ferns mosses flowering plants

mosses

Which list contains only plant phyla? mosses, annelids, conifers, chordates mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods, echinoderms, chordates cnidarians, mollusks, ferns, annelids, arthropods, echinoderms, flowering plants

mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants

Which term best describes an organism that can contain up to five levels of organization to carry out life functions? multicellular unicellular abiotic biotic

multicellular

Which best matches the modern classification system? three domains and six kingdoms six domains and five kingdoms six domains and three kingdoms five domains and six kingdoms

three domains and six kingdoms

Can abiotic factors be composed of cells? Why or why not? Explain using the meaning of abiotic and your understanding of the characteristics of life.

no Check the fact(s) below that you included in your explanation. Abiotic factors are nonliving. Living things have cells. Abiotic factors cannot have cells.

Based on your response, is this computer living or nonliving?

nonliving

Complete the passage to differentiate between replication and repetition in scientific design. Good scientific design involves replication and repetition. ____is the act of performing a task several times. _____is the ability of a process to be repeated in the same manner by another individual.

repetition replication

Which types of questions can most likely be answered through a scientific investigation? objective questions subjective questions questions about people's opinions questions about people's favorites

objective questions

Match each statement with the characteristic of scientists. In chemistry class, Roberto sees that traces of lithium makes a flame appear bright red____ Roberto wonders if the presence of other elements also affects the color of a flame.___ Roberto's friend tells him the color of a flame cannot be changed, but Roberto is still unsure_____ Roberto designs an experiment to test flame color in the presence of different elements.____

observant curious skeptical creative

Fill in the blanks with the word that best completes each statement. Scientists develop knowledge by making______about the natural world that may lead to a scientific question. A scientific question may lead to a(n)______, which can be tested. The results of_____can lead to changes in scientific knowledge.

observations hypothesis experimentation

biotic

of or relating to an environmental factor that is living or that came from something that was once living

Which level of organization includes all the other levels of organization? organ system organism tissue cell

organism

Identify the biotic factors in the environment shown. Check all that apply. people grass rocks in the mountains nylon tent wooden kayak

people grass wooden kayak

Experimental investigations

performing an experiment to gather evidence that supports or refutes a hypothesis

Which macromolecule forms a double layer as the primary structure of cell membranes? fats oils phospholipids steroids

phospholipids

Shah did not trust the results of an experiment that she had read about, so she is conducting the experiment herself. She goes through the same set of steps and measures the effect of the amount of sugar on a single organism. Which best describes what Shah is doing? replication repetition both repetition and replication neither repetition nor replication

replication

Science

relies on a systematic process involves observation and experimentation involves the collection of information is supported by evidence is updated as new discoveries are made

Sweating when it is hot outside is an example of which characteristic of life? responding to the environment using energy reproducing growing and developing

responding to the environment

Which characteristic of life best describes the process of homeostasis? responding to the environment reproducing growing and developing using energy

responding to the environment

Gold's natural state has a definite shape and a definite volume. What is gold's natural state(s)? solid liquid solid or gas liquid or gas

solid

Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements. ___have a definite shape and volume. ___do not have a definite volume or shape. ___have a definite volume, but the shape may change.

solids gases liquids

Why are organisms classified? to determine why organisms reproduce to determine what characteristics future organisms will have to determine how closely related organisms are to each other to determine the age of an individual organism

to determine how closely related organisms are to each other

A(n) _______ is a group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can mate.

species

Atoms in a solid

stay in a fixed position have no freedom to move are held together by strong attraction vibrate in place

Atoms in a solid

stay in a fixed position have no freedom to move are held together by strong attractions vibrate in place

Characteristics of Life: responding to the environment

stimulus = any change that causes an organism to react response = the reaction to the stimulus Homeostasis = the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions

A scientist is conducting an experiment on the learning ability of chimpanzees. Which of these situations would lead to the least reproducible data? documenting experimental results daily studying many chimpanzees of different ages studying one chimpanzee for several days following steps of the scientific method

studying one chimpanzee for several days

Which changes of state are characterized by having atoms that gain energy? Check all that apply. melting sublimation freezing vaporization condensation deposition

sublimation vaporization

solid to gas

sublimation is the process by which a solid becomes a gas dry ice -78.5C sublimation occurs with : low air pressure, large amount of energy atoms overcome attractive forces

Which liquid is the most viscous? syrup water milk apple juice

syrup

Ethical limitations

testing on humans testing on laboratory animals

replication

the ability of a process to be repeated in the same manner by another individual the repeated process should produce the same result

reproducibility

the ability of data to be duplicated the same results are expected to recur experimental conditions may vary to some degree

repetition

the act of performing a task several times it reduces mistakes increases confidence in the results

cell

the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

accuracy

the closeness of measured values to accepted values

nucleus

the control center of the cell that contains DNA

Jamal is testing muscle strength in frogs. He thinks that their muscle strength will increase if more protein is added to the frogs' diet. To test this, he increases the protein in twenty frogs' diet. He leaves the other twenty frogs' diet as is. Jamal then places the frogs on a line and measures the distance they can jump. He performs the experiment every day at the same time using the same measuring stick. What represents the control group? the frogs that did not get the extra protein the frogs that got the added protein Jamal's use of the same measuring stick Jamal's use of twenty frogs in each group

the frogs that did not get the extra protein

control group

the group in an experiment that is not manipulated and is compared to the experimental group

data

the information obtained through a scientific investigation

thermal energy

the part of total internal energy that can be transferred

condensation

the process by which a gas becomes a liquid

deposition

the process by which a gas becomes a solid

freezing

the process by which a liquid becomes a solid

definite

unchanging; not likely to change

Which characteristics does a laptop have? has cells uses energy reproduces responds to the environment grows and develop

uses energy responds to the environment

systematic

using a careful method

During which changes of state do atoms overcome the attractive forces between them? freezing and condensation boiling and deposition condensation and melting vaporization and sublimation

vaporization and sublimation

liquid to gas

vaporization is the process by which liquid becomes a gas evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid boiling takes place below the surface of a liquid liquid absorbs thermal energy atoms gain energy atoms move faster evaporation= fastest molecules are able to overcome attractive forces boiling= temperature increase causes atoms to gain energy and move faster atoms escape from the surface

evaporation

vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid

boiling:

vaporization that occurs below the surface of a liquid and produces bubbles

Which would best be described as abiotic? water in a stream fish in a stream bacteria in the soil roots in the soil

water in a stream

Keeping a log and checking for accuracy

when running an experiment, scientist are keeping a log of every step and data point scientist check the accuracy of data by rerunning experiments