8 Final Exam

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________. retrieval encoding hyperthymesia storage

retrieval

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia. flashbulb graduated anterograde retrograde

retrograde

When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information. retrograde; anterograde antero-retro; flashbulb flashbulb; retro-antero anterograde; retrograde

retrograde; anterograde

What are the two components of declarative memory? short-term and long-term semantic and episodic implicit and explicit procedural and implicit

semantic and episodic

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes? recall procedural effortful sensory

sensory

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories. suggestibility recognition sexism reconstruction

suggestibility

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________. organizing information into manageable bits or chunks immediately applying new information to a practical problem thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory sleeping immediately after learning new information to allow your mind to process it

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

What is procedural memory? type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts information about events we have personally experienced storage of facts and events we personally experienced

type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device? dividing your telephone number into groups of numbers to remember it easier using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes drinking coffee when you study for your math exam, then drinking coffee at your exam to reproduce the mental state you had when you studied using a biofeedback machine to track your alpha waves during an exam

using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

Remembering ________ is a good example of semantic memory. how a fruit tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself what the word chocolate means how to play the piano your most recent visit to the dentist

what the word chocolate means

Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory. how a hamburger tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself your first day of school what the word January means how to use the microwave Quiz Score: 2

your first day of school

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory? Implicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while explicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness. Explicit memories are memories we unconsciously remember, while implicit memories are those that we consciously remember. Explicit memories are memories we have directly experienced, while implicit memories are memories that someone else directly experienced. Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Which of the following is a good example of anterograde amnesia? John Doe is in a car accident. Every day he wakes up with no memory of what he did the day before, feeling as though no time has passed because he is unable to form new memories. John Doe emerges from a collapsed building with no idea who he is. John Doe can provide detailed autobiographical information for every day of his life over the past 30 years, including what he wore and ate every day. John Doe remembers his third birthday more clearly than any other birthday because his dog died the day of his birthday party.

John Doe is in a car accident. Every day he wakes up with no memory of what he did the day before, feeling as though no time has passed because he is unable to form new memories.

Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experiences form weak memories? Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory. Strong emotional experiences stimulate the cerebellum and thyroid, the centers of emotional memory. Strong emotional memories are transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory more quickly than weak emotional memories. Weak emotional memories involve effortless processing and strong emotional memories involve effortful processing.

Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory.

What is the main idea of the Stroop effect? The brain identifies color more readily than words. The brain processes black and white information faster. The memory process is facilitated when people take more time to consider information. The brain's reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information.

The brain's reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information.

Encoding information occurs through ________. storing and retrieving automatic storing and effortful retrieving automatic processing and effortful processing processing and storing

automatic processing and effortful processing

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories? primary cortex hippocampus amygdala cerebellum

cerebellum

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________. information; misinformation coding; recoding equipotentiality; amnesia construction; reconstruction

construction; reconstruction

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall? explicit memories implicit memories sensory memories short-term memories

explicit memories

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house? prefrontal cortex cerebellum amygdala hippocampus

hippocampus

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory. sensory implicit semantic explicit

implicit

What is episodic memory? type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things storage of facts and events we have personally experienced knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts information about events we have personally experienced

information about events we have personally experienced

What is semantic memory? knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things storage of facts and events we personally experienced information about events we have personally experienced

knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory. visual long-term sensory encoded

long-term

Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in ________. memory impairment on various tasks, such as object recognition and maze running rats that could not complete puzzles even when food was offered as a reward another area of the brain compensating for the damage, enabling the brain compensate for the damage rats that feared the researchers and avoided the cage that was closest to the researcher

memory impairment on various tasks, such as object recognition and maze running