8th Grade Science Test 3 (exam)

2

A 1 cm^3 sample of water has a mass of 1 g. a 5 cm^3 sample of sylvite has a mass of 10 g. What is the specific gravity of sylvite?

porous texture

A scientist has determined that a rock sample is pumice based on the following characteristics: -it is an igneous rock -it is amorphous -it is made of quartz, feldspars, and mica, the same materials as granite. -it has a porous texture that allows it to float in water. Which of these characteristics allowed him to tell that the rock sample was pumice instead of obsidian?

zicron, pyrite, chromite, anhydrite

A scientists is testing samples of anhydrite, chromite, pyrite, and zircon to determine their hardness. He gets the following results: -Zircon scratches chromite. -Pyrite scratches chromite but not zircon -Anhydrite does not scratch either pyrite or zircon. He did not test any other combinations. Which of the following is the correct ranking of the minerals from hardest to softest?

record and analyze her data

Clara is using the scientific method to determine whether dissolved sugar affects water's freezing point. She prepared two beakers with the same amount of water and added sugar to only one beaker. She placed a thermometer in each beaker, placed the beakers in a freezer, and observed the temperatures at which they water froze. What should she do next?

Vinegar and baking soda react to form bubbles

George added a small amount of water to a sample of baking soda; then he added a small amount of vinegar to a second sample of baking soda. Bubbles formed when he added vinegar but did not form when he added water. What can he conclude?

chemical sedimentary rock, because the rock components were dissolved in water

Gypsum rock forms when water containing dissolved minerals evaporates, leaving the minerals behind. What main category of sedimentary rock is gypsum in?

inductive

Lacey performed several experiments to test how temperature affects the growth rate of artificial crystals? Based on her results, she came to the conclusion that crystals grow faster in warmer temperatures. This is an example of _______________________ reasoning.

clearly state the problem to be solved

Sarah wants to grow cherry plant seeds. The instructions on the seed packet say to place the seeds in water and leave them in a dark place. Sarah decided to design a way to begin growing the seeds? What should she do first?

sediments

What are deposits of sand, mineral fragments, or organic materials usually left by wind or water?

precious stones

What are the rarest, most durable, and most beautiful minerals?

aquifer

What is a layer of either porous rock or a gravel-soil mixture that can hold water?

streak

What is a line of powder left by a mineral when it is rubbed across unglazed porcelain?

moment magnitude scale

What is considered the most reliable method for mathematically measuring an earthquake's strength?

circum-Pacific belt

What is the earthquake zone that includes the San Andreas Fault?

Mohs scale

What is the scale of hardiness used to rate minerals from softest to hardest on a scale of 1 to 10?

affirming the antecedent

What is the type of deductive reasoning used in the following statement: "If a process breaks rocks into smaller pieces, then it is a form of weathering. Ice wedging is a process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces. Therefore, ice wedging is a form of weathering."

phosphorescence

a mineral that remains glowing after being exposed to ultraviolet light and then placed in the dark exhibits _________________?

basic

a soil sample was tested and had a pH value of 8. Which term best describes this soil?

shale

fine-grained sedimentary rock known for its ability to be split into thin layers

emerald

green form of beryl

proposition

in logic, what is a statement of fact called?

strike-slip fault

in what type of fault do the rocks along one side move horizontally along the fault?

lead

metal used in radiation shielding, automobile batteries, and small-arms ammunition

silver

most reflective metal

coal

organic sedimentary rock that is a fossil fuel

Predict what would happen if too many denitrifying bacteria were present in the soil.

plants would grow slower because of insufficient nitrogen.

ruby

red variety of corundum

copper

reddish-orange metal that is a good conductor of electricity

iron

refined using blast furnaces

conglomerate rock

rock that consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay

marble

streaked metamorphic rock produced from limestone

basalt

the most common igneous rock, which covers much of the ocean floor

volcanic block

what are large pieces of solid volcanic ejects that solidify before being ejected from the volcano?

aftershocks

what are smaller earthquakes that follow a large earthquake for days or months?

foliated rocks

what group of metamorphic rocks are made up of layers likes the leaves of a book?

halides

what group of minerals contain fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine?

prototype

what is a model of a design used for testing called?

humus

what is a soil substance composed of decayed organisms' particles?

simulant gemstone

what is an artificial gemstone that looks like a natural gemstone but has different chemical and physical properties?

P wave

what is the fastest type of earthquake wave?

shaping

what is the final step of metallurgy?

igneous intrusion

what is the general term for a mass of volcanic rock beneath the surface?

nutrient

what is the general term for an nourishing substance?

pyroclast

what is the general term for any piece of solid volcanic ejects?

experimental

what is the group in an experiment on which a test is performed?

law of superposition

what is the idea that undisturbed sedimentary strata lie in the order in which they were laid down?

bedrock

what is the layer of solid rock below the soil?

post hoc fallacy

what is the logic error in which someone assumes a change in one factor caused a change in another factor only because the second change occurred after the first?

three

what is the minimum number of seismometers that must detect an earthquake for the earthquake's exact location to be determined?

platinum

what is the most valuable precious metal?

Ring of Fire

what is the narrow zone of active volcanoes that nearly encircles the Pacific basin?

asthenosphere

what is the plastic rock in the lower portion of the upper mantle on which plates float?

epicenter

what is the point on the earth's surface directly above where an earthquake begins?

rate of cooling

what is the primary factor that determines the texture of igneous rocks?

crust

what is the rocky surface layer of the earth?

contact metamorphism

what is the type of metamorphism that results when rocks are baked by contact with hot magma?

controlled variable

what is the variable in an experiment that is the same in all groups?

groundwater

what is water underneath the soil's surface called?

silicates

what large group of minerals contain silicon and oxygen?

oxides

what mineral group contains magnetite?

Volcanic Explosivity system

what scale is used to measure the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption?

vent

what structure ejects solid materials from a volcano?

laccolith

what term describes magma bulging overlying rocks upward to produce a dome-like intrusion?

syncline

what term describes rocks that bend downward during the folding process to form a trough-like structure?

luster

what term describes the way light is reflected from the surface of a mineral?

chalk limestone

what type of limestone forms from calcium-containing plankton remains?

retreat mining

what type of mining involves miners removing pillars in a specific order to allow the least stress on the walls and ceiling of the mine?

volcanic mountain

what type of mountain formed when molten rock erupted from a hole in the earth's crust?

sedimentary rock

what type of rock forms when layers of small particles laid down by water are hardened into rock?

igneous

what type of rock forms when magma solidifies?

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

what type of soil bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds?

pahohoe

what type of volcanic ejecta is lava hardened to form either a smooth surface or a ropy surface?

shield volcano

what type of volcano is broad and gently sloping with mild eruptions?

extinct

what type of volcano will probably never erupt again?

reproductibility

when multiple scientists test the same scientific idea in different ways and all come to the same conclusion, the idea has ______________

base-isolated system

which method for reducing earthquake damages involves placing buildings on movable "stilts" that absorb the earthquake energy?

Earth's interior

which of the following can earthquake waves help us study?

phosphorous

which one of the following nutrients do plants need for cell division, growth, and maturity?

hydrothermal synthesis

which process of manufacturing artificial crystals involves a seed crystal and nutrient material in a high-pressure vessel?