9/11 Terror Terms

Air Traffic Command Center in V.A. (Ben Shlimy)

Balances air traffic demand with system capacity in the National Airspace System (NAS).

Lee Hamilton

Vice Chairman of the 9/11 commission. Democrat, former congressman.

Kabul

capital of Afghanistan as well as its largest city, located in the eastern section of the country. The city is at a strategic location along the trade routes of South and Central Asia, and a key location of the ancient Silk Road.

FDNY

fire department of New York city

WTC Terror (1993)

-a terrorist attack carried out on February 26, 1993, when a truck bomb detonated below the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The 1,336 pounds (606 kg) urea nitrate-hydrogen gas enhanced device[1] was intended to send the North Tower (Tower 1) crashing into the South Tower (Tower 2), bringing both towers down and killing tens of thousands of people.[2][3] It failed to do so but killed six people and injured over a thousand.[4] -The attack was planned by a group of terrorists including Ramzi Yousef, Mahmud Abouhalima, Mohammad Salameh, Nidal A. Ayyad, Abdul Rahman Yasin, and Ahmed Ajaj. They received financing from Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Yousef's uncle.

Nawaf al Hazmi

-hijacked American Airlines Flight 77 and crashed it into the Pentagon -The CIA reportedly received his name on a list of 19 persons suspected of planning an attack in the near future. He was one of the four names on the list who were known for certain. A search for him and other suspected terrorists commenced, but they were not located until after the attacks.

Al-Qaeda

-is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden and several other Arab volunteers who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s. -mounted attacks on civilian and military targets in various countries, including the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings, the September 11 attacks, and the 2002 Bali bombings. -translation: "The Base", "The Foundation" or "The Fundament"

USS Cole bombing

12 October 2000, while it was being refueled in Yemen's Aden harbor. Seventeen American sailors were killed and 39 injured[1] in the deadliest attack against a United States naval vessel since 1987. The terrorist organization al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attack. A U.S. judge has held Sudan liable for the attack, while another has released over $13 million in Sudanese frozen assets to the relatives of those killed. The United States Navy has reconsidered their rules of engagement in response to this attack.

Jihad

A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal; a holy war waged on behalf of Islam as a religious duty

No Child Left Behind Education Program

Act of 2001 that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It supported standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education.

United States Embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya

Attacked by Bin Laden on August 7, 1998; 224 died, 12 americans, 5,000 injuries

Richard Clark

Came to widespread public attention for his role as counter-terrorism czar in the Clinton and Bush administrations in March 2004, when he appeared on the 60 Minutes television news magazine, released his memoir about his service in government, Against All Enemies, and testified before the 9/11 Commission. In all three instances, he was sharply critical of the Bush administration's attitude toward counter-terrorism before the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and of the decision to go to war with Iraq.

Camp David, MD

Camp David is the country retreat of the President of the United States. It is located in wooded hills of Catoctin Mountain Park near Thurmont, Maryland, about 62 miles (100 km) north-northwest of Washington, D.C..[1][2][3] It is officially known as the Naval Support Facility Thurmont, because it is technically a military installation, and staffing is primarily provided by the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps.

CIA

Central Intelligence Agency is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence. reports to the Director of National Intelligence and is primarily focused on providing intelligence for the President and Cabinet.

Thomas Kean

Chairman of the 9/11 commission, republican, former governor of new jersey

Muhammad Atta

Egyptian hijacker and one of the ringleaders in the September 11 attacks who served as the hijacker-pilot of American Airlines Flight 11, crashing the plane into the North Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the coordinated attacks. At 33 years of age, he was the oldest hijacker to take part in the attacks.

Osama bin Laden

Leader and founder of al-Qaeda, the organization that claimed responsibility for the September 11 attacks on the United States, along with numerous other mass-casualty attacks worldwide; Now dead

Andrews Air Force Base

Located in Maryland, is home for Air Force One; where the pilot decided he would strike the hijacked plane with his own plane and then eject

Ramzi Yousef

One of the main perpetrators in the 1993 World Trade Center Bombings -real name is Abdul Basit Mahmoud Abdul Karim -sent a letter to The New York Times after the bombing that expressed his motive: This action was done in response for the American political, economical, and military support to Israel, the state of terrorism, and to the rest of the dictator countries in the region. Our Demands Are: 1 - Stop all military, economical, and political aid to Israel. 2 - All diplomatic relations with Israel must stop. 3 - Not to interfere with any of the Middle East countries interior affairs. -If our demands are not met, all of our functional groups in the army will continue to execute our missions against the military and civilian targets in and out the United States. soon began planning the Bojinka plot.

Islam

Religion of the muslims, prophet of allah

F.A.A.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the United States is a national authority with powers to regulate all aspects of civil aviation. These include the construction and operation of airports, the management of air traffic, the certification of personnel and aircraft, and the protection of US assets during the launch or reentry of commercial space vehicles.

Secret Service

The president's bodyguards

Mujahideen

The term is most frequently used in reference to the self named guerrilla fighters who battled the Soviet army from 1979 - 1989, when the Soviets withdrew in defeat.

Mullah Mohammed Omar

Wanted for sheltering Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda militants in the years prior to the September 11 attacks; He was believed to be directing the Taliban insurgency against NATO-led forces and the government of Afghanistan.

Cruise missile

Were launched from the Arabian Sea and landed at the Afghan training camps; ineffective

United Flight 93

a domestic scheduled passenger flight that was hijacked by four Al-Qaeda terrorists on board, as part of the September 11 attacks. It crashed into a field in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, during an attempt by the passengers and crew to regain control. All 44 people aboard were killed, including the four hijackers, but no one on the ground was injured. The aircraft involved, a Boeing 757-222, was flying United Airlines' daily scheduled morning flight from Newark International Airport in New Jersey to San Francisco International Airport in California.

Tarnak Farms

a former Afghan training camp near Kandahar, which served as a base to Osama Bin Laden and his followers from 1998 to 2001. The 9/11 hijackers were said to train there.

WTC

a large complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. It featured landmark twin towers, which opened on April 4, 1973, and were destroyed as a result of the September 11 attacks.

The 9-11 Commission

an independent, bipartisan commission created by congressional legislation and the signature of President George W. Bush in late 2002, is chartered to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response to the attacks. The Commission is also mandated to provide recommendations designed to guard against future attacks. On July 22, 2004 the Commission released its public report, which is available for download from this site. The report is also available in bookstores nationwide and from the Government Printing Office. The commission closed on august first 2004. Chair- Thomas Kean

U.S. Visas

deals with the requirements which a foreign national wishing to enter the United States must meet to obtain a visa, which is a permit to travel to, enter, and remain in the United States. Visitors to the United States must obtain a visa from one of the United States diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or Visa Waiver Program countries.

Taliban

emerged as a far-right Islamist militant organization in 1994 under the spiritual leadership of Mullah Mohammad Omar; means students

Khalid al Mihdhar

hijacked American Airlines Flight 77 and crashed it into the Pentagon

Marwan al-Shehhi

hijacker-pilot of United Airlines Flight 175, crashing the plane into the South Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks.

Bojinka

included plans to assassinate Pope John Paul II while he visited the Philippines, and to plant bombs inside dozens of flights out of Bangkok and set them off while the planes were over the ocean and then fly an airplane into the CIA building; would kill up to 4,000 people in one day

Ramzi Bin al-Shibh

is a Yemeni citizen being held by the United States as an enemy combatant detainee at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. He is accused of being a "key facilitator for the September 11 attacks" in 2001 in the United States. In the mid-1990s, he moved as a student to Hamburg, Germany, where he allegedly became close friends with Mohamed Atta, Ziad Jarrah and Marwan al-Shehhi. Together, they are suspected of forming the Hamburg cell; the only one of the four who failed to obtain a US visa; he is accused of acting as an intermediary for the hijackers in the United States, by wiring money and passing on information from key al-Qaeda figures. After the attacks, bin al-Shibh was the first to be publicly identified by the US as the "20th hijacker"

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

is a militant held by the United States at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp under terrorism-related charges; "the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks;" leading al-Qaeda's propaganda operations from around 1999 until late 2001; He confessed to FBI and CIA agents to a role in many of the most significant terrorist plots over the last twenty years; captured on March 1, 2003, in the Pakistani city of Rawalpindi by a combined operation of the US (CIA) and Pakistan's (ISI); By December 2006 he had been transferred to military custody at Guantanamo Bay detention camp. In March 2007, confessed to masterminding the September 11 attacks, the Richard Reid shoe bombing attempt to blow up an airliner, the Bali nightclub bombing in Indonesia, the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and the murder of Daniel Pearl.

Ayman al-Zawahiri

is the current leader of al-Qaeda and a current or former member and senior official of Islamist organizations which have orchestrated and carried out attacks in North America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. In 2012, he called on Muslims to kidnap Western tourists in Muslim countries. Since the September 11 attacks, U.S. State Department has offered a US $25 million reward for information; He is under worldwide sanctions by the United Nations Security Council 1267 Committee as a member or affiliate of al-Qaeda.

Otis Air force Base

located within Joint Base Cape Cod, a military training facility, located on the western portion of Cape Cod, in western Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. On September 11, 2001, the North American Aerospace Defense Command alerted the base at 8:41 to be put on battle stations. Four minutes later, Lieutenant Colonel Timothy Duffy and Major Daniel Nash were scrambled and flew F-15 fighters out of the base heading toward New York City to intercept the plane.[13] Conflicting reports say they departed somewhere between 8:46 and 8:52 and also at what speeds they flew (supersonic versus subsonic.)

NYPD

new york police department

Afghanistan

officially the Islamic Republic of ___, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

Kandahar Province

one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southern part of the country next to Pakistan

Shanksville, PA

the location of where United Flight 93 crashed after 40 passengers and crew aboard stopped the pilots from crashing into the Capitol

Muhammad

the prophet born in 570 descended from Abraham

Ziad Jarrah

was an al-Qaeda member and one of the perpetrators of the September 11 attacks; serving as the hijacker-pilot of United Airlines Flight 93, crashing the plane into a field in a rural area near Shanksville, Pennsylvania—after a passenger uprising—as part of the coordinated attacks.