A & P - CH. 12 (Kin 270)

Which of the following is untrue concerning Alzheimer's disease? - Alzheimer's patients represent nearly half of the people living in nursing homes. - An alternate pronunciation of Alzheimer's disease is "old-timers" or "all-timers" disease. - Between 5 and 15% of people over 65 develop this condition. - Up to half of deaths for those over 85 is contributed to by Alzheimer's disease.

An alternate pronunciation of Alzheimer's disease is "old-timers" or "all-timers" disease.

Match the area with the appropriate function: Medulla oblongata.

An autonomic reflex center involved in maintaining body homeostasis (cardiovascular center; respiratory centers; centers for sneezing, vomiting, hiccupping, swallowing, and coughing)

Match the area with the appropriate function: Epithalamus.

Associated with the pineal gland; secretes melatonin to induce sleep

Which of the following are located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord gray matter?

Autonomic (visceral) motor neurons

Which figure represents an area important in breathing control, cardiovascular control, blood pressure control, and vomiting reflexes?

B A C None of the choices is correct.

Which of the following cross sections through the brain stem contains the substantia nigra?

B C A None of the choices is correct.

A lumbar puncture removes a sample of cerebral spinal fluid for diagnostic testing. At what level of the vertebral column should a lumbar puncture be performed?

Between L3 and L4

Artifical stimulation of which area has been shown to be a clinical method to elicit pain suppression?

C B A D

Which of the indicated areas are relay nuclei in some descending motor pathways that cause limb flexion?

C B A D

Which of the indicated areas has been implicated in Parkinson's disease?

C B A D

Which of the following structures does not belong to the brain stem? - Cerebellum - Midbrain - Medulla oblongata - Pons - All of these structures belong to the brain stem.

Cerebellum

Damage to which area of the spinal cord could lead to quadriplegia?

Cervical enlargement/region

Match the area with the appropriate function: Pons.

Contains nuclei that are part of the reticular formation and some that help the medulla oblongata maintain the normal rhythm of breathing

Match the area with the appropriate function: Midbrain.

Controls visual reflexes that coordinate head and eye movements when we follow a moving object

Select the term that refers to the inferior end of the spinal cord.

Conus medullaris

Select the example of a direct (pyramidal) pathway.

Corticospinal tract

Which of the indicated areas is important for relaying information from motor cortex to skeletal muscles?

D B A C

Match the disease with its description: Parkinson's disease.

Degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the basal nuclei

Select the structure that contains sensory (afferent) fibers.

Dorsal root

Identify the spinal cord tract indicated by B.

Fasciculus cuneatus

The direct (pyramidal) pathways are most involved with regulating which of the following?

Fast and fine (or skilled) movements

Select the structure that connects to the pituitary gland.

Hypothalamus

Which area of the brain is the main visceral control center of the body?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following areas regulates body temperature, food intake, and endocrine functions?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following is incorrect with regards to inputs to the thalamus? - Inputs that help regulate emotion and visceral function from the hypothalamus (via the anterior nuclei) - Inputs from the anterior association areas that regulate working memory for object-recall tasks - Inputs for memory or sensory integration that are projected to specific association cortices (via pulvinar, lateral dorsal, and lateral posterior nuclei) - Instructions that help direct the activity of the motor cortices from the cerebellum and basal nuclei (via the ventral lateral and ventral anterior nuclei, respectively)

Inputs from the anterior association areas that regulate working memory for object-recall tasks

Which of these is not a function of the pons? - Plays a role in regulating the normal pattern of breathing - Is a major pathway between the cerebellum and the motor cortex - Is the site where 10 of 12 pairs of cranial nerves exit the brain - Is a major pathway between the higher brain centers and spinal cord - Nuclei are part of the reticular formation

Is the site where 10 of 12 pairs of cranial nerves exit the brain

Which of these is not a function of the pons? - Plays a role in regulating the normal pattern of breathing - Is the site where 10 of 12 pairs of cranial nerves exit the brain - Is a major pathway between the cerebellum and the motor cortex - Is a major pathway between the higher brain centers and spinal cord - Nuclei are part of the reticular formation

Is the site where 10 of 12 pairs of cranial nerves exit the brain

Identify the spinal cord tract indicated by C.

Lateral spinothalamic

Select the spinal cord tract that transmits impulses concerned with pain and temperature to opposite side of brain for interpretation by somatosensory cortex.

Lateral spinothalamic

Damage to which area of the spinal cord could lead to paraplegia?

Lumbar enlargement

Which of the following is not a chief homeostatic role of the hypothalamus? - Control the autonomic nervous system - Regulate body temperature - Regulate food intake - Regulate sleep-wake cycles - Maintain balance and posture

Maintain balance and posture

Which of the following conditions results from viral destruction of ventral horn motor neurons?

Poliomyelitis

Match the disease with its description: Alzheimer's disease.

Progressive degenerative disease associated with plaques and tangles in the brain

Choose the true statement regarding second-order neurons. - Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion. - Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. - Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the thalamus. - Second-order neurons conduct impulses to the spinal cord or brain stem, where they synapse.

Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Which of the following functions is not associated with the midbrain? - Fear perception - Pain suppression - Sleep induction via melatonin - Visual reflexe

Sleep induction via melatonin

Match the area with the appropriate function: Thalamus.

Sorts and "edits" information from sensory areas ascending to the cerebral cortex

Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? - Controls the autonomic nervous system - Initiates physical responses to emotion - Regulates body temperature - Sorts incoming information - Regulates food intake - Regulates water balance and thirst

Sorts incoming information

Which of the following is untrue regarding flaccid paralysis?

Spinal reflex activity continues to stimulate the muscles irregularly.

In the spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid fills which of the following?

Subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater meninges

Which part of the brain produces dopamine?

Substantia nigra

Which area coordinates head and eye movements when we visually follow a moving object, even if we are not consciously looking at it?

Superior colliculi

Which of the following is false with regard to the brain stem? - The brain stem is another name for the medulla oblongata. - The brain stem produces rigidly programmed automatic behaviors for survival. - Brain stem nuclei are associated with 10 of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. - Unlike the cortex, gray matter is on the inside of the brain stem and white matter is on the outside. - The brain stem has nuclei of gray matter embedded in the white matter.

The brain stem is another name for the medulla oblongata.

Which of the following descriptions of the gray matter of the spinal cord is correct?

The dorsal horns contain cell bodies of interneurons.

A mysterious lesion occurred in a boy from Cedar Falls, Iowa where he lost his sense of thirst. From what we know about the functional areas of the brain, what area must be affected?

The hypothalamus

The startle reflex involves which part of the midbrain?

The inferior colliculi

The visual reflex centers are located in which part of the midbrain?

The superior colliculi

The gray matter areas of the diencephalon enclose which of the following structures?

Third ventricle

Select the area of the CNS where damage could lead to spastic paralysis.

Upper motor neurons

Identify the spinal cord structure indicated by E.

Ventral horn

Acting as an excitotoxin, the main culprit in the damage caused by a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) is __________.

glutamate

All of the following features can be seen in the brain tissue of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease except__________. - plaques consisting of beta amyloid peptide - neurofibrillary tangles associated with the protein called tau - shrinkage of brain tissues - increased levels of acetylcholine in the basal forebrain

increased levels of acetylcholine in the basal forebrain

The major role of the thalamus is to __________.

sort out and edit incoming information