A & P Test 1 (Chapter 1-3

If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?

74 protons

Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes?

Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation.

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.

Organ

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?

Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

The study of anatomy and physiology assumes and describes a healthy body. Select the description below that does NOT explain why this approach is useful.

Study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar new students.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion?

The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.

Select the most correct statement.

The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective

The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

If a human cell were to increase the amount of cholesterol embedded within its plasma membrane which of the following would most likely happen?

The plasma membrane would become more stable, less fluid and less permeable.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential?

The resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes.

What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?

There are, 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.

Which of the following does NOT characterize proteins?

They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.

Tissues

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ________ mRNA codon.

UCG

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?

UGCAA

Peroxisomes ________.

are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action

The myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue) undergoes a significant amount of physical stress due to its contractions. You would expect to see relatively large numbers of which of the following embedded within their plasma membrane?

desmosomes

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?

growth

Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?

high heat of vaporization

The coxal joint is most likely found in ________ region of the body.

hip

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

intestines

Which of these is an inclusion, not an organelle?

melanin

Which of the following structures would aid a cell in allowing more nutrients to be absorbed by the cell?

microvilli

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?

phagocytosis

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________.

physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________.

positive feedback

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________.

positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

What is a chain of more than 50 amino acids called?

protein

The basic structural material of the body consists of ________.

proteins

Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) ________ in the negative feedback mechanism.

receptor

Some hormones enter cells via ________.

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

removal of a water molecule between each two units

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________.

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

In which stage of mitosis do the identical sets of chromosomes uncoil and resume their chromatin form?

telophase

The chemical symbol O=O means ________.

the atoms are double bonded

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with ________.

the release of energy

An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________.

14 neutrons

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules2. atoms3. tissues4. cells5. organs

2-1-4-3-5

What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides (neutral fats)?

3:1

Bone is a connective tissue that provides support for the body with its strength and rigidity. Which of the following provides the best explanation for how this is so?

Bones cells secrete an extracellular matrix that when combined with minerals becomes rock hard.

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

Brain

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?

CH4

Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things.

Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristic necessary to be considered alive.

Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as "second messengers"?

Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers.

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.

DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.

Which statement about enzymes is FALSE?

Enzymes require contact with substrate in order to assume their active form.

Select the correct statement about isotopes.

Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their mass number.

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

It is considered the cause of most diseases.

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?

MRI

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?

Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nerve impulses?

Na

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective.

The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel.

________ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function.

Vitamin D

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.

a bicarbonate ion

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?

a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

What is a dipole?

a polar molecule

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

A gene can best be defined as ________.

a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of ________.

anabolism

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?

any sagittal plane except in the midline

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

blood

The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are ________.

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?

cardiovascular physiology

Cancerous cells can divide so rapidly that they will often produce a glycocalyx that is different than the other cells in the body. This may result in ________.

cells of the immune system recognizing the tumorous cells as foreign and destroying them

Tendons are strong, rope-like structures that connect skeletal muscle to bone. Which of the following proteins would provide strength to a tendon?

collagen

Mitochondria ________.

contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function

In a tissue type that undergoes a relatively great deal of mechanical stress, like the tissue that lines the intestine, you would expect to see an abundance of ________ between the individual cells of the tissue.

desmosomes

Sucrose is a ________.

disaccharide

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

enhancement of labor contractions

Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of ________.

excretion of metabolic waste

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

frontal

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of ________.

glycogen

Which of the following is not a factor that binds cells together?

glycolipids in the glycocalyx

The thoracic cavity contains the ________. It is found ________ to the vertebral cavity.

heart and lungs: anterior

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

help in the formation of cell membranes

A high fever causes an enzyme to lose its three dimensional structure and function. Which bonds are broken when a protein denatures?

hydrogen bonds

Salts are always ________.

ionic compounds

Mitosis ________.

is division of the genetic material within the nucleus

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

left upper quadrant

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.

lining the thoracic cavity

Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of ________.

maintaining boundaries

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

molecular transport through the membrane

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

nervous

With a family history of cardiovascular disease, which toast spread would be considered the most "heart healthy?"

olive oil

You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse ________.

on the posterior side of the knee

The functions of centrioles include ________.

organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.

palms turned posteriorly

Which of the following does NOT describe uses for the ATP molecule?

pigment structure

When frying an egg, the protein albumin denatures and maintains only its ________ structure.

primary

What structural level is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?

secondary structure

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.

sequence of the nucleotides

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?

sodium

Which of the following is a general function for a fibrous protein?

structural framework

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.

swell and burst

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is ________.

tRNA

Phospholipids make up most of the lipid part of the cell membrane. Since water exists on both the outside and inside of a cell, which of the following phospholipid arrangements makes the most sense?

two back-to-back phospholipid layers with the polar heads facing out on both sides

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ________.

unsaturated fatty acids